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Datasets:
hozifa1
/
islamic-scientific-heritage

Tasks:
Text Retrieval
Translation
Feature Extraction
Languages:
Arabic
English
Latin
Tags:
islamic-science
arabic-manuscripts
history-of-science
critical-editions
scholarly-translations
golden-age-of-islam
License:
Dataset card Files
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The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
id: string
discipline: string
author_slug: string
book_slug: string
tier: string
copy_slug: string
title_arabic: string
title_english: string
author_arabic: string
author_english: string
editor_or_translator: string
publication_year: int64
language: string
description_arabic: string
source_repository: string
archive_identifier: string
pdf_filename: string
pdf_size_bytes: int64
pdf_size_mb: double
license: string
repository_path: string
author_dates: struct<birth_hijri: int64, death_hijri: int64, birth_gregorian: int64, death_gregorian: int64>
  child 0, birth_hijri: int64
  child 1, death_hijri: int64
  child 2, birth_gregorian: int64
  child 3, death_gregorian: int64
edition_type: string
edition_name_ar: string
work_title_ar: string
author_ar: string
description: string
author_en: string
files: list<item: string>
  child 0, item: string
year_gregorian: string
work_title_en: string
discipline_ar: string
institution_or_publisher: string
shelfmark_or_id: string
edition_name_en: string
year_hijri: string
to
{'work_title_ar': Value('string'), 'work_title_en': Value('string'), 'author_ar': Value('string'), 'author_en': Value('string'), 'author_dates': {'birth_hijri': Value('int64'), 'death_hijri': Value('int64'), 'birth_gregorian': Value('int64'), 'death_gregorian': Value('int64')}, 'discipline': Value('string'), 'discipline_ar': Value('string'), 'edition_name_ar': Value('string'), 'edition_name_en': Value('string'), 'edition_type': Value('string'), 'institution_or_publisher': Value('string'), 'shelfmark_or_id': Value('string'), 'year_gregorian': Value('string'), 'year_hijri': Value('string'), 'language': Value('string'), 'description': Value('string'), 'files': List(Value('string'))}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2840, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2373, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2398, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 536, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 419, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2306, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              id: string
              discipline: string
              author_slug: string
              book_slug: string
              tier: string
              copy_slug: string
              title_arabic: string
              title_english: string
              author_arabic: string
              author_english: string
              editor_or_translator: string
              publication_year: int64
              language: string
              description_arabic: string
              source_repository: string
              archive_identifier: string
              pdf_filename: string
              pdf_size_bytes: int64
              pdf_size_mb: double
              license: string
              repository_path: string
              author_dates: struct<birth_hijri: int64, death_hijri: int64, birth_gregorian: int64, death_gregorian: int64>
                child 0, birth_hijri: int64
                child 1, death_hijri: int64
                child 2, birth_gregorian: int64
                child 3, death_gregorian: int64
              edition_type: string
              edition_name_ar: string
              work_title_ar: string
              author_ar: string
              description: string
              author_en: string
              files: list<item: string>
                child 0, item: string
              year_gregorian: string
              work_title_en: string
              discipline_ar: string
              institution_or_publisher: string
              shelfmark_or_id: string
              edition_name_en: string
              year_hijri: string
              to
              {'work_title_ar': Value('string'), 'work_title_en': Value('string'), 'author_ar': Value('string'), 'author_en': Value('string'), 'author_dates': {'birth_hijri': Value('int64'), 'death_hijri': Value('int64'), 'birth_gregorian': Value('int64'), 'death_gregorian': Value('int64')}, 'discipline': Value('string'), 'discipline_ar': Value('string'), 'edition_name_ar': Value('string'), 'edition_name_en': Value('string'), 'edition_type': Value('string'), 'institution_or_publisher': Value('string'), 'shelfmark_or_id': Value('string'), 'year_gregorian': Value('string'), 'year_hijri': Value('string'), 'language': Value('string'), 'description': Value('string'), 'files': List(Value('string'))}
              because column names don't match

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πŸ“œ Islamic Scientific Heritage (Ψ§Ω„ΨͺΨ±Ψ§Ψ« Ψ§Ω„ΨΉΩ„Ω…ΩŠ Ψ§Ω„Ψ₯Ψ³Ω„Ψ§Ω…ΩŠ)

The Golden Digital Corpus of Classical Islamic Sciences (8th–18th Centuries CE / 2nd–12th Centuries AH)

Repository: hozifa1/islamic-scientific-heritage
Curators: Hozifa & The Antigravity Agentic AI Team
Dataset Scale: 593 Historical Volumes (PDFs) | 2,694 Structured Metadata Files | 23.43 GB
Archival Milestone: 51 Complete Trios (51 Ψ«Ω„Ψ§Ψ«ΩŠΨ© ΨΉΩ„Ω…ΩŠΨ© Ω…ΩƒΨͺΩ…Ω„Ψ© 3/3) across all 6 core scientific disciplines!

🌟 Overview & Scientific Mission

The Islamic Scientific Heritage Corpus is an open-access, systematically tiered, and archival-grade digital repository dedicated to preserving and studying the foundational texts of classical Islamic science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, optics, mechanics, and natural history.

Every landmark scientific classic in this repository is structured into the Three-Tier Archival Model:

  1. Tier 01 (01_original_manuscript_facsimile): High-resolution handwritten codices, royal library autographs, and earliest printed facsimiles.
  2. Tier 02 (02_critical_arabic_edition): Rigorous Arabic critical editions established from multiple collated manuscripts, with scholarly apparatus.
  3. Tier 03 (03_scholarly_translations): Landmark historical translations into Latin (Toledo, Salerno, Renaissance), German, French, English, and Sanskrit.

πŸ“Š Live Corpus Metrics (Post-Wave 27)

Metric Count / Volume Description
Total PDF Volumes 593 PDFs Complete primary source volumes and critical texts
Total Structured Files 2,694 Files PDFs + JSON schemas + CSV tables + Parquet files
Total Corpus Size 23.43 GB Archival scans, critical editions, and translations
Complete Trios (3/3) 51 Works Full coverage across Manuscript, Arabic Edition & Translation
Distinct Classical Works 156 Works Major treatises and encyclopedic corpuses
Scientific Disciplines 6 Disciplines Medicine, Astronomy, Mathematics, Mechanics/Optics, Natural History, Encyclopedias

πŸ›οΈ Corpus Distribution by Discipline 

islamic-scientific-heritage/
β”œβ”€β”€ 01_medicine/                       # 147 PDFs (Avicenna, Rhazes, Albucasis, Ibn al-Nafis, Maimonides, Ibn al-Quff...)
β”œβ”€β”€ 02_astronomy/                      # 98 PDFs  (Al-Battani, Al-Sufi, Al-Farghani, Al-Tusi, Ibn al-Shatir, Ulugh Beg...)
β”œβ”€β”€ 03_mathematics/                    # 119 PDFs (Al-Khwarizmi, Banu Musa, Thabit, Al-Karaji, Ibn al-Banna, Al-Kashi...)
β”œβ”€β”€ 04_optics_mechanics_chemistry/     # 79 PDFs  (Al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, Al-Jazari, Banu Musa, Jabir ibn Hayyan, Kamal al-Din al-Farisi...)
β”œβ”€β”€ 05_natural_history/                # 64 PDFs  (Al-Jahiz, Al-Biruni, Ibn al-Baytar, Al-Damiri, Al-Qazwini...)
β”œβ”€β”€ 06_encyclopedias_institutions/     # 86 PDFs  (Ibn Khaldun, Al-Mas'udi, Ibn Rushd, Al-Khwarizmi Katib, Sa'id al-Andalusi...)
└── catalogs_and_indexes/              # Brockelmann GAL, Fuat Sezgin GAS, World Manuscript Inventories

πŸ† The Complete Trios Directory (51 Landmark Trios)

The core architectural pride of this corpus is its collection of Complete Scientific Trios (3/3):

01. Medicine & Pharmacology (01_medicine)

  1. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Albucasis): Al-Tasrif li-Man 'Ajiza 'an al-Ta'lif
  2. Ibn Sina (Avicenna): Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine)
  3. Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes): Kitab al-Mansuri fi al-Tibb (Liber Almansoris)
  4. Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes): Kitab al-Judari wa-al-Hasbah (De Variolis et Morbillis)
  5. Ibn al-Nafis: Sharh Tashrih al-Qanun (Discovery of Pulmonary Transit)
  6. Hunayn ibn Ishaq: Al-Masa'il fi al-Tibb lil-Muta'allimin
  7. Hunayn ibn Ishaq: Al-Ashr Maqalat fi al-Ayn (Ten Treatises on the Eye)
  8. Ibn Butlan: Taqwim al-Sihhah (Tacuinum Sanitatis)
  9. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar): Kitab al-Taysir fi al-Mudawah wa-al-Tadbir
  10. Ibn Rushd (Averroes): Kitab al-Kulliyyat fi al-Tibb (Colliget)
  11. Musa ibn Maymun (Maimonides): Fusul Musa fi al-Tibb (Medical Aphorisms)
  12. Musa ibn Maymun (Maimonides): Maqalah fi Tadbir al-Sihhah (Regimen Sanitatis)
  13. Musa ibn Maymun (Maimonides): Kitab al-Sumum (Treatise on Poisons)
  14. Ali ibn al-Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas): Kamil al-Sina'ah al-Tibbiyyah (Liber Regius)
  15. Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal (Jesu Hali): Tadhkirat al-Kahhalin (Memorandum of the Oculists)
  16. Abu Bakr al-Razi (Rhazes): Al-Hawi fi al-Tibb (Liber Continens)
  17. Da'ud al-Antaki: Tadhkirat Uli al-Albab wa-al-Jami' lil-'Ajab al-'Ujjab

02. Astronomy & Mathematical Geography (02_astronomy)

  1. Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar): Kitab al-Madkhal al-Kabir ila 'Ilm Ahkam al-Nujum
  2. Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar): Kitab Ahkam Sini al-Mawalid (De Revolutionibus Nativitatum)
  3. Al-Farghani (Alfraganus): Jawami' 'Ilm al-Nujum wa-Usul al-Harakat al-Samawiyyah
  4. Thabit ibn Qurra: Kitab fi Sanat al-Shams (De Anno Solis)
  5. Abu Rayhan al-Biruni: Kitab al-Tafhim li-Awa'il Sina'at al-Tanjim (Chronology & Elements)
  6. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi: Al-Tadhkirah fi 'Ilm al-Hay'ah (The Tusi Couple)
  7. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi: Zij-i Ilkhani (The Ilkhanic Tables)
  8. Ulugh Beg: Zij-i Sultani (Sultanic Astronomical Tables)
  9. Al-Zarqali (Arzachel): Al-Safiha al-Zarqaliyyah (Azafea / Saphaea)
  10. Al-Battani (Albatenius): Kitab al-Zij al-Sabi' (De Motu Stellarum)

03. Mathematics & Geometry (03_mathematics)

  1. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi: Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala
  2. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi: Kitab al-Jam' wa-al-Tafriq bi-Hisab al-Hind (Algorismus)
  3. Banu Musa ibn Shakir: Kitab Ma'rifat Masahat al-Ashkal al-Basitah wa-al-Kuriyyah
  4. Thabit ibn Qurra: Kitab al-Mafrudat (Data / Euclid Revision)
  5. Al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham: Maqalah fi Tahlil al-Masa'il al-Handasiyyah
  6. Umar al-Khayyam: Risalah fi Sharh ma Ashkala min Musadarat Kitab Uqlidis
  7. Umar al-Khayyam: Maqala fi al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala (Cubic Equations)
  8. Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid al-Kashi: Miftah al-Hisab (The Key of Arithmetic)
  9. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi: Tahrir Usul Uqlidis (Recension of Euclid's Elements)
  10. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi: Kitab Shakl al-Qatta' (Treatise on the Transversal / Trigonometry)
  11. Thabit ibn Qurra: Rasail Thabit (Division of Figures & Advanced Geometrical Lemmas)
  12. 🌟 Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi: Talkhis A'mal al-Hisab (Summary of Arithmetical Operations) [Trio #51]

04. Optics, Mechanics & Chemistry (04_optics_mechanics_chemistry)

  1. Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Kindi (Alkindus): De Radiis Stellarum / Fi Ikhtilaf al-Manazir
  2. Al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen): Kitab al-Manazir (De Aspectibus / Book of Optics)
  3. Banu Musa ibn Shakir: Kitab al-Hiyal (The Book of Ingenious Mechanical Devices)
  4. Badi' al-Zaman al-Jazari: Al-Jami' bayn al-'Ilm wa-al-'Amal al-Nafi' fi Sina'at al-Hiyal (Automata)
  5. Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini: Kitab Mizan al-Hikmah (The Balance of Wisdom / Hydrostatics)
  6. Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber): Summa Perfectionis Magisterii / Kitab al-Sab'in
  7. Taqi al-Din al-Dimashqi: Al-Turuq al-Saniyyah fi al-Alat al-Ruhaniyyah (Six-Cylinder Steam Pump)

05. Natural History, Zoology & Mineralogy (05_natural_history)

  1. Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Jahiz: Kitab al-Hayawan (The Book of Animals)
  2. Abu Rayhan al-Biruni: Kitab al-Jamahir fi Ma'rifat al-Jawahir (Mineralogy & Specific Gravities)
  3. Zakariya ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini: 'Aja'ib al-Makhluqat wa-Ghara'ib al-Mawjudat (Wonders of Creation)
  4. Abu al-Hasan Ali al-Mas'udi: Muruj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'adin al-Jawhar (Meadows of Gold, Meynard 9 Vols)

06. Encyclopedias & Philosophy of Science (06_encyclopedias_institutions)

  1. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi: Sharh al-Isharat wa-al-Tanbihat (Commentary on Avicenna's Philosophical Summa)

🌊 Chronological Waves Log

  • Wave 25: The Golden 50 Complete Trios Harvest (9 landmark translations, achieving 50 Complete Trios).
  • Wave 26: Foundational Canonical Editions (Maurice Bouyges 1930 Tahafut al-Tahafut, Aristide Marre 1865 Talkhis, Nallino 3-Vol Opus Astronomicum, Hans von MΕΎik TΓΌbingen codex facsimile of Kitab al-Wuzara').
  • Wave 27 (Current Milestone):
    • Complete Trio #51: Columbia University MS Or 305 (George Arthur Plimpton Collection, copied 1132 AH / 1719 CE) completing Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakushi's Talkhis A'mal al-Hisab.
    • Al-Mas'udi's Universal History: Cairo 1938 rare editio princeps of Kitab Akhbar al-Zaman wa-Man Abadahu al-Hidthan.
    • Al-Mas'udi's Master Encyclopedia: Double addition for Kitab al-Tanbih wa-al-Ishraf: M.J. de Goeje 1894 Leiden critical edition (BGA Vol. 8) AND Baron Carra de Vaux 1896 Paris French translation (Le livre de l'avertissement et de la revision).
    • Sa'id al-Andalusi: Father Louis Cheikho's 1912 editio princeps of Kitab Tabaqat al-Umam (Beirut, Imprimerie Catholique).
    • Ibn Rushd (Averroes): Volumes 1 & 2 of Dr. Sulayman Dunya's definitive critical edition of Tahafut al-Tahafut (Dar al-Ma'arif, Dhakha'ir al-Arab).

πŸ“œ Standard Archival Quartet Structure

Every harvested volume in the repository is accompanied by its standardized 4-file archival quartet:

{discipline}/{author_slug}/{book_slug}/{tier_folder}/{copy_slug}/
β”œβ”€β”€ {filename}.pdf               # Primary text or codex facsimile
β”œβ”€β”€ schema_metadata.json         # Complete schema metadata with provenance and notes
β”œβ”€β”€ metadata.csv                 # Tabular metadata
└── metadata.parquet             # Analytical columnar metadata

βš–οΈ License & Ethical Standards

All digitized manuscripts, critical editions, and historical translations hosted in this repository are either in the Public Domain (digitized from heritage libraries and collections worldwide) or made available under open academic and research licenses (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0).
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