mteb/HagridRetrieval · Datasets at Hugging Face

_id stringlengths 36 36	text stringlengths 27 1.21k	title stringclasses 1 value
d200fb28-a537-43a4-a26e-1535664e6a4c	Based on the given context, it can be stated that the length of Northern Boulevard in Albany, NY is from Livingston Avenue to Van Rensselaer Boulevard, which was built in 1896 [1].
098d707a-f96f-45b0-b4dc-129c1e00f8d1	S. S. Rajamouli's first film was "Student No.1" which was released in 2001 and had "Jr. NTR" in the lead role. [1]
14a8d85a-1094-4af9-afbc-f6a87737f706	Sir Anerood Jugnauth was born on 29 March 1930. [1]
d4740673-fff2-4d2b-a248-cf8e3127035d	The context does not give a specific measurement or classification for a dog to be considered a giant breed. Reference: [1]
b9f8c31b-87e7-4e0b-8134-8a0b6f4a1933	The major political parties in the UK are the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, and the Liberal Democrats [1][3][4]. These three parties are known for representing the UK's traditions of conservatism, socialism, and liberalism, respectively [4]. Additionally, the Scottish National Party has recently gained significant support and has become the third-largest party by number of seats won in the 2015 and 2017 general elections [3][4]
20827b88-1d4d-4985-85ee-e315faad013e	The capital city of Ohio is Columbus [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]. It became the capital of Ohio because it was located near the geographic center of the state [2]. Columbus is also the most populous city and the second-largest metropolitan area in Ohio [1].
9e843487-ef02-495c-a693-a4733cbf0905	Based on the given context, ANIMAX has reached over 66 million viewers spanning 15 markets throughout Asia. [1]
109fe9b9-f7dd-4832-8f20-65e5d3cd3158	Based on the given context, the YMCA was founded on June 6, 1844, by George Williams in London [1].
96535465-4823-4018-99e0-512b086219b6	Blaxploitation is a genre of exploitation films that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s, primarily targeting the black audience in urban communities [2][3] . It usually portrays black characters and communities as heroes and the main subjects of film, challenging the conventional role of black people as sidekicks, villains, or victims of brutality in American cinema [3]. Although it received backlash for upholding stereotypes imposed on African Americans, it is widely recognized as a significant contribution to American cinema and culture [2].
d28c9ddb-e913-4797-9e51-68bd73ed71d5	The slaves in South Africa gained their freedom in 1834 when slavery was abolished. [1][2]
2ccc4e51-00f3-4187-9868-d08c0ca393ae	The Mercury Grand Marquis was both a sedan and a two-door body style. [1][2]
2da8060b-f46d-405a-b1a9-1f2958223688	G4S employs over 570,000 people [1].
cc7c287d-0088-48cc-9628-11a050c63e52	Starfish can move in a bilateral fashion, with certain arms acting like the leading arms and others trailing behind. When crawling, some arms act as the leading arms while others trail behind. [1] Most starfish cannot move quickly, but some burrowing species such as those from the genera Astropecten and Luidia are capable of much more rapid motion and can glide across the ocean floor using points rather than suckers on their long tube feet. [1]
4dba4a22-2260-485e-b5f3-10e036c7ef2d	The French Republic abolished slavery in its colonies in 1794 [1][3], but it was later restored by Napoleon with the Law of 20 May 1802 [1]. France re-abolished slavery in its colonies in 1848 [2][3]
4136c64b-c88a-4649-b824-fa311144abd0	Yes, Cloud appears in "Kingdom Hearts" in both the original game and its sequel. He is a mercenary hired by Hades to kill Hercules and later appears as an ally of the Hollow Bastion Restoration Committee [1][2] . His appearance in "Kingdom Hearts" was one of the things that excited "Final Fantasy VII" fans the most [3]. He was redesigned by Nomura for his appearance in "Kingdom Hearts" with a demon-like appearance inspired by his ties to the dark side in the game [4]. Takahiro Sakurai voiced Cloud in both "Kingdom Hearts" and "Advent Children" and felt greater pressure performing the role for "Advent Children" as a sequel to the highly popular "Final Fantasy VII" [5].
138c4536-4434-4346-be82-88accc799ef4	Machairodontinae primarily preyed on various herbivores such as bison, horses, ground sloths, mammoths, pronghorn antelope, and bighorn sheep [1].
5eb64591-f8ac-4788-9a77-a28558c52332	Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east [3][4]. Thus, China, Laos, and Cambodia are the neighboring countries of Vietnam [1][3][4]
b4008f2b-0bb9-4a98-8951-1a5aa042cd5b	Yes, the Japanese Americans and Japanese nationals or citizens residing on the West Coast of the United States were forcibly interned in ten different camps across the western interior of the country during World War II. [1][2][3] The internments were based on the race or ancestry rather than activities of the interned. [1][2][3] Families, including children, were interned together. [1][2][3] The internment is considered to have resulted more from racism than from any security risk posed by Japanese Americans. [3] In total, approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans were interned in many different camps and sites across the country. [4]
aa3158fa-3a9e-4d54-b8d9-fd5f5431516a	Based on the given context, there is no mention of Madelyne "Maddie" Jennifer Pryor-Summers possessing any super powers. She has been described as a supervillainess, a long-standing member of the "X-Men" supporting cast and the first wife of X-Men leader Cyclops, but nothing has been mentioned about her possessing super powers. [1]
d64ff6cb-b17f-43f6-ace3-e12dec23bad5	The NFL season will end with Super Bowl LIV, which is tentatively scheduled for February 2, 2020, at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami, Florida [1].
482ecd04-8b9f-434a-b5a1-fbd8a57fc793	Based on the given context, a human normally has 24 vertebrae [1].
522bcd20-8ac9-454f-be6a-03251b144b6c	The Taensa largely lived in large villages centered on ceremonial platform mounds [1],
7a795718-0e8a-4b7c-9482-a153d6fb068b	King Victor Emmanuel II reigned from 1861 until his death in 1878, holding the title of King of Italy [1].
ddf2117a-6309-44e3-9ac5-5ff10468c80a	The name of the law that was passed to legalize euthanasia in Canada is Bill C-14. [1]
c48cdc67-e423-4a4d-ae54-94542a2c570f	Kajal Aggarwal plays the female lead in the film Magadheera [1, 4, 5]. She portrays the dual roles of a princess from 400 years ago and a modern-day college student [4]. Initially, Hansika Motwani was rumored to be the second female lead in the film, but it was later confirmed that Amala Paul was selected for the role [1]. Magadheera is a 2009 Indian Telugu-language romantic-fantasy action film directed by S. S. Rajamouli [5].
60582ee7-15b5-4a91-876b-6d5b5bda36db	George Noel Gittoes was born in Brighton-le-Sands, New South Wales, Australia [2].
1ec88d09-a831-4b77-a3cc-ee441b624f18	The first safety pin was developed by American mechanic Walter Hunt. However, Charles Rowley from Birmingham, England, independently patented a similar safety pin in October 1849. [1]
14a3e27f-52be-453e-b193-4e13db143e86	The universal health care system was introduced in France in 1945. [1]
a00b37f4-7452-4f83-a94e-cf879bcc57d5	The Royal Australian Air Force was formed on March 31, 1921. [1][2][4][6][7]
1087b109-d3b0-411e-9c26-c7f5b5a2526d	A civil war is a type of violent conflict within a country fought by organized groups with the aim of taking power at the center or in a region, achieving independence for a region, or changing government policies. One side of the conflict is the state, and there is often a threshold of casualties that has to be reached to qualify as a civil war, which is usually defined as having more than 1000 casualties, with at least 100 coming from each side [1][2]
630e0910-783d-4340-9342-b014e2f52be4	The area of Antarctica is more than 14 million km² [1]. It is the fifth-largest continent with a size almost twice that of Australia [2].
ec0f8b8e-4607-4c2c-b571-07048efdf383	The current champion of FIFA is France. They won the title in 2018 [1, 2].
c6df4f45-7bf2-4890-9db2-fb544572ef3d	France joined World War I on August 3, 1914 [1][2][3] . Germany declared war on France on the same day as per their war plan, which included attacking France first before Russia [2]. Though France played a small role in the coming of World War I, it was allied with Russia and was ready to commit to war against Germany [3].
7a0f96c9-6a58-436f-a616-11cf6d244efe	Days of Our Lives has been on since November 8, 1965 [1,2].
275fd166-ced8-487b-b0f0-c46a79c37ba8	Iain Norman Macleod died on 20 July 1970 due to a massive heart attack [1].
04a6ecad-7eb1-4b3a-9359-24f695085a12	The fastest firing machine gun can achieve rates of fire over 100 rounds per second (6,000 RPM)
2aa64efc-3d02-459d-9298-f90ed8230283	The lightest gas is hydrogen. [1][3][4][5] Helium is the second lightest gas. [2]
7c79fddd-e04d-422f-9be5-517ef4af674f	Basketball was introduced at Georgetown University in 1906 [1][2] . Georgetown hired Maurice Joyce as its athletic director that year and he oversaw tryouts for a basketball team after the football season ended, with four undergraduates and three Georgetown University Law School students making the team [1]. Joyce went on to found the Georgetown men's basketball program for its first season in 1906-07 [2].
043e98cd-53fd-4df7-b495-769bcede0b0f	Kaine Parker's super power is having superhuman strength, speed, agility, reflexes, and equilibrium which are all at higher levels than Spider-Man due to his continued mutation [2].
c87f9364-d427-47fd-bfc7-37ff4d06e2a2	The question is about Lou Lombardo's birthdate.Based on the given contexts, Lou Lombardo was born on February 15, 1932 [1]. It's important to note that there is another person named Louis Lombardo mentioned in context [2],
719f3ad2-b028-4ff4-b85c-330f2469ff08	Based on the given context, the SUV (sport utility vehicle) can be considered as a longer-wheelbase, civilian, wagon-type vehicle that usually comes with a four-wheel drive [1]. The first examples of such vehicles include the 1946 Willys Jeep Station Wagon, which was introduced a year before its 1947 Jeep Truck sibling. However, the Willys Jeep Station Wagon was not initially offered with four-wheel drive until 1949 [1].
cedafc25-b9fd-4586-81b5-3eee6dfc439a	Voltaire published Candide simultaneously in five countries no later than 15 January 1759, although the exact date is uncertain. [1]
5658e730-370c-4a46-9b38-5df82621c322	Alfred Whitmore, an English Pathologist, and C.S. Krishnaswami identified "Burkholderia pseudomallei", the causative agent of melioidosis (also known as "Whitmore's disease") in opium addicts in Rangoon in 1911. [1][2]
5440e8ff-6e57-4fb9-b947-92ef41511c71	"Leave It to Beaver" ran for six full 39-week seasons, which is equivalent to a total of 234 episodes [1]. The show debuted on CBS on October 4, 1957, and then moved to ABC for the following seasons until completing its run on June 20, 1963 [1].
08fa62f5-5134-4a38-b60f-e5166fa69ff8	Based on the given context, it is not clear which country is the largest producer of rye grain. However, we know that rye is grown primarily in Eastern, Central and Northern Europe and the main rye belt stretches from northern Germany through Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Latvia into central and northern Russia. [1]
5affd066-704c-4d87-95ee-9db816ccd0ab	No, not all streams are rivers.Explanation: As mentioned in context [5], a river is a natural flowing watercourse that can be called by different names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. However, not all streams have significant perennial flow and can only be classified as intermitted or ephemeral channels (as mentioned in context [2]). Additionally, context [4] explains that there are various types of stream channels, differentiated by their geometries, gradient and development that also affect the flow of the stream and how it is classified. Therefore, based on the given contexts, it can be concluded that not all streams are rivers as it depends on factors such as the magnitude and duration of the stream's flow, the type of stream channel, and other environmental factors. [5][2][4]
9058cfcf-c126-4e0b-ba9a-d1f260a66558	The original publisher of the ABC Chinese-English Dictionary was the University of Hawaii Press [1, 3].
80dbae16-3ebc-49b8-a03b-02b255978d0f	A caipirinha is a cocktail that is Brazil's national drink [1]. The drink is made out of cachaça (a sugarcane hard liquor), sugar, and lime [1][2] . It is the strongest national cocktail of Brazil and is commonly consumed in restaurants, bars, and households throughout the country [3]. It is also recognized as an official cocktail by the International Bartenders Association [3].
59ca5ad1-3e7d-430f-bd44-5b4fb828bcc7	Reginald Fessenden was the first inventor to conceive of using reflected seismic waves for geology, and he applied for the first patent on a seismic exploration method in 1914 [1].
f1d6c144-458c-49fc-84e2-68356d8418ee	Arya learned to be an assassin at the House of Black and White in Braavos, where she became an acolyte of the Faceless Men [1-4]. She was trained in the art of assassination, which involved learning how to lie undetected, infiltrate a brothel and assassinate corrupt merchants [1-2]. Additionally, Arya was temporarily blinded and forced to develop her other senses, including her sense of hearing, before her sight was restored [2-4]. Jaqen H'ghar, who had the ability to change his face, assisted Arya in her training and provided her with a special coin and a phrase to use if she met anyone from Braavos [3].
d9847e04-4bba-439c-8642-d8f4b4d597f1	According to the given contexts, it takes between 7 to 10 years in the field for Fraser fir, the most popular Christmas tree species, to reach maturity and become a high tree. However, the life cycle of a Christmas tree from the seed to a tree takes between 8 and 12 years depending on species and treatment in cultivation. The remaining development of the tree greatly depends on the climate, soil quality, as well as the cultivation and how the trees are tended by the Christmas tree farmer. [1]
04a9c791-db41-402f-8ab5-7c1ded84b40a	The character who has been on General Hospital for the longest time is Dr. Monica Quartermaine portrayed by Leslie Charleson since August 17, 1977 [1].
ff2ca665-553a-4062-9717-abcac7961a10	NHK was founded in Japan in August 1926 [2].
d635239f-c3ad-44d3-9b30-3b08797dfc43	The Billboard Charts for music began on January 4, 1936, when "Billboard" magazine published its first music hit parade. [1][2]
063fd484-65de-4942-a90e-29481fa8b663	Rugby originated in Rugby School, Rugby, Warwickshire, England around 1845. [1]
8a9508a0-0175-4dec-841a-0d1f25d74e76	Rockwood Hall was built in 1849 by Gervase Wheeler for Edwin Bartlett, according to context [1].
d553f57c-4fe0-458f-bc3f-0552fe0a515a	The final episode of Charmed is titled "Forever Charmed" and is the 178th overall episode of the show. It is the second part of the double-episode series finale of the eighth season. It features time travel, family visitations, historical backgrounds, and glimpses of the future of The Charmed Ones' progeny. The episode was written by Brad Kern and directed by James L. Conway. It was originally broadcast in the United States on May 21, 2006 on The WB. [1] "Forever Charmed" was watched by 4.5 million American viewers, making it the highest-rated episode of the season. The eighth season of Charmed had an average of 3.5 million viewers for all 22 episodes. Out of all regular primetime programming that aired during the 2005–2006 American television season, "Charmed" ranked 132nd out of 156, according to the Nielsen ratings system. [2] In a 2016 review of the eighth season, Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV highlighted "Forever Charmed" as the best episode of the season. He commented that the season suffered from budget cuts and felt less magical than previous seasons. Despite this, he respected the writers for delivering 22 episodes of "hit-and-misses" with a lot of the content being good. [3]
4b93ca38-9222-4da5-8eff-9f96811d59cb	The melting temperature of magnesium is 652 °C [1].
113b9199-81a2-454e-b7dd-d28ad8c8f2fc	Sugako Hashida created the TV show Oshin [1][2]
4e81f4e0-6d83-4385-a741-daa578da0865	Airsoft guns shoot solid round plastic pellets [1]. These pellets are non-metallic spherical projectiles often referred to as "BBs" [3]. Airsoft guns are specially designed low-power smoothbore air guns that have low muzzle energy ratings, generally less than 1.5 J, or 1.1 ft⋅lb [3].
671a938e-b8b8-4c16-a27c-47afc0f0650f	The head coach of Collingwood Football Club for the 2010 AFL Grand Final was Michael Malthouse. [1][2] He coached Collingwood to the finals in eight out of his twelve seasons as coach and guided Collingwood to the grand final for the second time in a row against St Kilda, which resulted in a draw and a replay. Collingwood claimed premiership success in the replay with a resounding 56-point win over St Kilda. [1][2] Malthouse also coached Collingwood to the 2011 AFL Grand Final against Geelong Cats, which they lost by 38 points, and it was his final game as Collingwood coach. [2]
629bfed0-93f1-4c73-937a-5bc39d5c5e4e	The national animal of Thailand is the Thai elephant [1][2] . It is the official national animal of Thailand and was proclaimed as such in a declaration of the Office of the Prime Minister dated 26 October 2001 [1]. It is a subspecies of the Asian elephant, the Indian elephant ("Elephas maximus indicus") [2]. Thai people have a close relationship with elephants since ancient times and the elephant has played a significant role in transportation, labor, and battle [4]. The number of Thai elephants has been reduced drastically from 100,000 to 2,000-3,000 wild elephants and about 2,700 domesticated elephants over the past 100 years [4].
73e97b96-6b4b-4713-93e7-6f7e719e4c9b	Based on the given context, there is no information suggesting that firewood banksia is found in North America. The only information provided is that "Banksia menziesii" is found in Western Australia and commonly seen in gardens, nature strips, and parks in Australian urban areas [1].
0e82a4df-81dc-45bb-a4ea-87b6e04e4e24	The first movie about space is often considered to be "Le Voyage dans la Lune" created by Georges Méliès in 1902. [1]
3941697e-6213-4ed3-bb93-997ba76cc785	The Keys to the Kingdom is a fantasy-adventure book series written by Garth Nix, which was first introduced in 2003 with the book "Mister Monday". [1, 2]
0dece6a1-e8c6-4f4d-9c5b-06df408316bb	A microbe, or a microorganism, is a microscopic organism that may exist as a single-celled form or in a colony of cells. [2][3] ("A microbe is an organism that is microscopic.")[3]
0c30fcb0-7ce0-4c0c-8e62-29202c153d95	The first "D.Gray-Man" anime series aired from October 2006 to September 2008 in Japan [1, 2].
a276dc1f-2e2c-4ce3-94c0-bd6703f689df	No, Zeus is not a Titan. He is the youngest son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea but became the supreme ruler of the Olympian gods after defeating Cronus and the Titans in a ten-year war [2]. Additionally, there is no mention of Zeus being identified as a Titan in the given contexts. In fact, the Titans attempted to slay the infant Dionysus in the hopes of claiming the throne for themselves, which enraged Zeus [1].
cf3af762-2c9b-4fb4-ad0f-927550ef296a	The Atlantic Recording Corporation is currently owned by the Warner Music Group [1]. In 1967, Atlantic became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, which was later rebadged as Warner Communications, and eventually became the Warner Music Group [1][2] . Craig Kallman is the current chairman of Atlantic Records Group [3]. However, it should be noted that the corporation was initially founded by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson in 1947 [1].
17c650e7-3475-45cd-8b58-08d8204cf45f	In Germany, there is no general speed limit on many rural sections of the autobahns and freeway-style highways. However, on Austrian autobahns, a general speed limit of 130 km/h (81 mph) is set, although a trial is being conducted by the FPÖ government for a possible speed limit increase to 140 km/h (87 mph) on the Autobahn 1 freeway. [1][2]
8b398083-bdc7-4dd0-b077-9f717ad926a7	James Tobin is no longer alive. He was born on March 5, 1918, and passed away on March 11, 2002 [2].
cbf7edc0-7d13-4374-b976-2ef07faae58c	Sun Yat-sen was the first president of the Republic of China [1]. However, Yuan Shikai became the second provisional president after Sun Yat-sen, and later on, Mao Zedong became the first leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the office of State Chairman in 1955 [2, 3, 4].
cf14cd4d-950f-402b-8b72-702f88f09dac	Based on the given context, it can be inferred that praying mantises do not always eat their mates. However, females sometimes practice sexual cannibalism and eat their mates after copulation [1].
262b149a-6bb7-4280-bc3a-3e289c374b96	The top commander of the Turkish Armed Forces currently is General Yaşar Güler. [2]
fda039a8-8e05-48d7-8295-1d71a92a5cad	The first drug approved by the FDA to treat clinical depression was Prozac, which was approved in 1987 [1].
50f428eb-9f18-48ff-a3b3-f5c93bc68b00	Based on the given contexts, there are 20 species of venomous snakes that live in North America [3, 6]. These species belong to the families Viperidae and Elapidae [3]. The Elapidae family includes eight species that occur in Guatemala, but it is not mentioned whether any of them are found in North America or not [1]. The Amblyodipsas genus of snakes found in Africa is considered harmless and should not be confused with the venomous snakes found in North America [2]. The Rubber Boa, which is found in western and southwestern portions of Montana, is a non-venomous snake in the family Boidae [4, 5].
4f32408a-14ef-48ef-845d-981f78ee4b1d	According to the contexts provided, the Subic Bay naval base was located in Zambales, Philippines [1]. After its closure in 1992, it was transformed into the Subic Bay Freeport Zone by the Philippine government [1][3]
58b18a9d-c919-4be5-9b8d-f8c49a8b991a	The crime in Chicago is higher than the US average, especially the violent crime rate [3]. The city experienced a major rise in violent crime starting in the late 1960s, a decline in overall crime in the 2000s, then a rise in murders in 2016 [4]. The reason for the higher crime rates in Chicago is unclear, but according to the former Chicago Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy, the gang culture is one of the main reasons for high rates of homicide and other violent crimes [1]. Former Police Superintendent John Escalante expressed concerns that officers might be hesitant to engage in proactive policing due to fear of retribution [2].
867f994a-4a97-4d46-b756-753fd510ad1b	The largest species of turtle is the Leatherback sea turtle ("Dermochelys coriacea"). It can reach a shell length of up to 6.5 feet [2,5] and weigh over 2000 pounds [2]. - "The Leatherback Sea Turtle is the largest turtle in the world, weighing up to two thousand pounds and reaching up to six and a half feet by their adult years."[5]
33003982-6581-4fb9-a563-d8f22a230d54	G4S was founded as The Wackenhut Corporation in 1954 [1]. However, in 2002, it was acquired by Danish corporation Group 4 Falck, which later merged to form British company G4S in 2004 [1, 2]. Therefore, G4S was officially founded in 2004 [2, 4].
028db29a-b49f-4d84-bab0-fcd0f15a4c6a	Yes, a needlestick injury can be fatal. Needlestick injuries have the potential to transmit bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and prions, among which the highest risk is contracting hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV [4]. Although needlestick injuries generally cause minor visible trauma, the risk of viral infection remains even in the absence of bleeding [1]. Needlesticks can result in mild to severe reactions, including hospitalization, bacterial or fungal infections, lacerations, local inflammation, vaccine/antibiotic reactions, amputations, miscarriage and death. [3]. In 2000, the World Health Organization estimated that 66,000 hepatitis B, 16,000 hepatitis C, and 1,000 HIV infections were caused by needlestick injuries [4].
ee3a973b-d9a8-4261-84c0-d37f4edeb712	The protagonist in "Boogiepop Phantom" is Boogiepop, a kitsune who is described as a death deity of Japanese folklore [1].
12a5868c-3ca2-4a47-bc5c-d09340a20845	The longest highway in Georgia is State Route 11 (SR 11) [2]. It travels the entire length of the state from south to north, connecting the Florida state line with the North Carolina state line. It is the longest route in the state. On the other hand, although I-75 is the longest Interstate Highway within Georgia, its length is shorter than SR 11 [1].
14559f92-0c8b-4102-9dea-13869067c53c	The Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW) was first founded on September 29, 1899, in Columbus, Ohio by James C. Putnam [1, 4].
dd72d7f8-43ea-4ddd-824e-145de98ccfea	The judicial system of Portugal is called the Judicial Order ("Ordem Judicial") and it includes the Supreme Court of Justice in Lisbon as its superior body, as well as five intermediate level courts called "Relação" and the judicial courts of first instance. [1] Until 2014, Portugal was divided into 231 uneven "comarcas", which constituted the territorial areas of jurisdiction of the courts of first instance. However, since the judiciary organization reform of 2014, the country has the "comarca" as its single type of judicial division, with 23 larger "comarcas" each having a single generic competence judicial court of first instance. [2],
61446477-7aea-4ccf-9b4d-b21c8f7c7c68	The population of Burntisland, Scotland is 6,269 according to the 2011 census. [1]
5b68bf6f-1099-458a-9a3e-9c45e668ece0	Based on the given contexts, pallid sturgeons are bottom feeders and opportunistic feeders. They consume various insects during some seasons and various fish species during others. Fish, especially small fish such as cyprinids (minnows), are a more important dietary staple for pallid sturgeon than it is for shovelnose sturgeon [1].
535cabf0-7f2e-4662-a35c-ee41366e8b16	The winner of the 2000 Sugar Bowl was Florida State Seminoles. They defeated Virginia Tech Hokies by a score of 46-29 and won the 1999 BCS national championship [2].
10ef342e-e974-411b-b951-9171f7f71a83	Yes, Hashimoto's is a disease that attacks the thyroid gland and causes its gradual destruction. [1] It is an autoimmune disorder in which the thyroid gland is infiltrated by the lymphocytes B-cell and T-cells. These cells progressively destroy the thyroid gland. [2] It is also known as Hashimoto's disease. [6] Hashimoto's disease, also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is associated with Hashimoto's encephalopathy. [8]
bc820701-f1d0-478f-94bc-4dbc3821eded	The official languages of Madagascar are Malagasy and French [1, 2, 3, 7, 10]. Malagasy is considered the national language of Madagascar [7]. In the Constitution of 1992, Malagasy was named the national language although French still had the character of an official language [4, 5]. In the Constitution of 2007, English was added as an official language alongside Malagasy and French, but in the 2010 constitution English was removed as an official language [6, 9]. The anthem of Madagascar is written in both French and Malagasy [8].
0c4ce380-9f3b-47cd-8df0-64c911bed6b4	The green color of the Statue of Liberty is caused by the natural patina formed on the copper material due to weathering and exposure to air or seawater over time. This natural patina is a form of the pigment called verdigris, which is a chemical compound consisting of basic copper carbonate or copper chloride. If acetic acid is present during the weathering process, it may also consist of copper (II) acetate. [1]
17252d96-49bb-436b-9dbc-5907313f929a	Yes, tobacco can be grown in Tennessee. Type 22 tobacco, which is a type of fire-cured tobacco produced in southern Kentucky and northern Tennessee, including Robertson and Montgomery County, is primarily used for manufacturing chewing tobacco [2, 5]. Additionally, tobacco (specifically fire-cured dark-leaf tobacco) was historically grown in middle and western parts of Tennessee prior to the Civil War, and is still grown in northern middle Tennessee [1, 3].
b65805de-8c5d-4ac4-a353-ced18efc6569	According to the Romanian census of 2011, the population of Galați was recorded as 249,432 residents. [2]
2ff95451-4424-4b1d-aab6-efacbd22ffab	John Wesley Hanes founded Hanes Hosiery Mills, the company that later became Hanes [2][4]. His brother, Pleasant H. Hanes, founded the P.H. Hanes Knitting Company in 1901, which later merged with Hanes Hosiery in 1965 [1][3]
c7e6c9df-fe0e-4948-adcb-e2741860c798	Melissa Gaboriau Auf der Maur was born on March 17, 1972, and currently, she is [1]
6db0022d-967b-4eb7-ae2d-0640a818a95b	Jim Gordon first appeared in the first panel of "Detective Comics" #27 (May 1939), where he is referred to simply as Commissioner Gordon. [1]
0151a431-152f-42bb-a2e8-e07b58230f80	Precedent in the SCOTUS refers to a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as stare decisis [4].
07beac31-4258-4d80-ad5f-99248e86f72f	Columbus landed on San Salvador Island during his first voyage across the Atlantic in 1492 [2].
80a522e6-e80a-45ea-b4d9-ba74125af74d	161 people died at Joplin due to the EF5 tornado that hit the area. [2][3]
3ec277b3-89ba-4d68-b5e6-407916e407f4	The national religion of Spain is not officially recognized by law, but Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion. However, practical secularization is strong in Spain, with only 3% of Spaniards considering religion as one of their three most important values, even lower than the 5% European average. [4, 6]

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Based on the given context, it can be stated that the length of Northern Boulevard in Albany, NY is from Livingston Avenue to Van Rensselaer Boulevard, which was built in 1896 [1].

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S. S. Rajamouli's first film was "Student No.1" which was released in 2001 and had "Jr. NTR" in the lead role. [1]

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Sir Anerood Jugnauth was born on 29 March 1930. [1]

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The context does not give a specific measurement or classification for a dog to be considered a giant breed. Reference: [1]

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The major political parties in the UK are the Conservative Party, the Labour Party, and the Liberal Democrats [1][3][4]. These three parties are known for representing the UK's traditions of conservatism, socialism, and liberalism, respectively [4]. Additionally, the Scottish National Party has recently gained significant support and has become the third-largest party by number of seats won in the 2015 and 2017 general elections [3][4]

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The capital city of Ohio is Columbus [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]. It became the capital of Ohio because it was located near the geographic center of the state [2]. Columbus is also the most populous city and the second-largest metropolitan area in Ohio [1].

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Based on the given context, ANIMAX has reached over 66 million viewers spanning 15 markets throughout Asia. [1]

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Based on the given context, the YMCA was founded on June 6, 1844, by George Williams in London [1].

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Blaxploitation is a genre of exploitation films that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s, primarily targeting the black audience in urban communities [2][3] . It usually portrays black characters and communities as heroes and the main subjects of film, challenging the conventional role of black people as sidekicks, villains, or victims of brutality in American cinema [3]. Although it received backlash for upholding stereotypes imposed on African Americans, it is widely recognized as a significant contribution to American cinema and culture [2].

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The slaves in South Africa gained their freedom in 1834 when slavery was abolished. [1][2]

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The Mercury Grand Marquis was both a sedan and a two-door body style. [1][2]

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G4S employs over 570,000 people [1].

cc7c287d-0088-48cc-9628-11a050c63e52

Starfish can move in a bilateral fashion, with certain arms acting like the leading arms and others trailing behind. When crawling, some arms act as the leading arms while others trail behind. [1] Most starfish cannot move quickly, but some burrowing species such as those from the genera Astropecten and Luidia are capable of much more rapid motion and can glide across the ocean floor using points rather than suckers on their long tube feet. [1]

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The French Republic abolished slavery in its colonies in 1794 [1][3], but it was later restored by Napoleon with the Law of 20 May 1802 [1]. France re-abolished slavery in its colonies in 1848 [2][3]

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Yes, Cloud appears in "Kingdom Hearts" in both the original game and its sequel. He is a mercenary hired by Hades to kill Hercules and later appears as an ally of the Hollow Bastion Restoration Committee [1][2] . His appearance in "Kingdom Hearts" was one of the things that excited "Final Fantasy VII" fans the most [3]. He was redesigned by Nomura for his appearance in "Kingdom Hearts" with a demon-like appearance inspired by his ties to the dark side in the game [4]. Takahiro Sakurai voiced Cloud in both "Kingdom Hearts" and "Advent Children" and felt greater pressure performing the role for "Advent Children" as a sequel to the highly popular "Final Fantasy VII" [5].

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Machairodontinae primarily preyed on various herbivores such as bison, horses, ground sloths, mammoths, pronghorn antelope, and bighorn sheep [1].

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Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east [3][4]. Thus, China, Laos, and Cambodia are the neighboring countries of Vietnam [1][3][4]

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Yes, the Japanese Americans and Japanese nationals or citizens residing on the West Coast of the United States were forcibly interned in ten different camps across the western interior of the country during World War II. [1][2][3] The internments were based on the race or ancestry rather than activities of the interned. [1][2][3] Families, including children, were interned together. [1][2][3] The internment is considered to have resulted more from racism than from any security risk posed by Japanese Americans. [3] In total, approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans were interned in many different camps and sites across the country. [4]

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Based on the given context, there is no mention of Madelyne "Maddie" Jennifer Pryor-Summers possessing any super powers. She has been described as a supervillainess, a long-standing member of the "X-Men" supporting cast and the first wife of X-Men leader Cyclops, but nothing has been mentioned about her possessing super powers. [1]

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The NFL season will end with Super Bowl LIV, which is tentatively scheduled for February 2, 2020, at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami, Florida [1].

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Based on the given context, a human normally has 24 vertebrae [1].

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The Taensa largely lived in large villages centered on ceremonial platform mounds [1],

7a795718-0e8a-4b7c-9482-a153d6fb068b

King Victor Emmanuel II reigned from 1861 until his death in 1878, holding the title of King of Italy [1].

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The name of the law that was passed to legalize euthanasia in Canada is Bill C-14. [1]

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Kajal Aggarwal plays the female lead in the film Magadheera [1, 4, 5]. She portrays the dual roles of a princess from 400 years ago and a modern-day college student [4]. Initially, Hansika Motwani was rumored to be the second female lead in the film, but it was later confirmed that Amala Paul was selected for the role [1]. Magadheera is a 2009 Indian Telugu-language romantic-fantasy action film directed by S. S. Rajamouli [5].

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George Noel Gittoes was born in Brighton-le-Sands, New South Wales, Australia [2].

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The first safety pin was developed by American mechanic Walter Hunt. However, Charles Rowley from Birmingham, England, independently patented a similar safety pin in October 1849. [1]

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The universal health care system was introduced in France in 1945. [1]

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The Royal Australian Air Force was formed on March 31, 1921. [1][2][4][6][7]

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A civil war is a type of violent conflict within a country fought by organized groups with the aim of taking power at the center or in a region, achieving independence for a region, or changing government policies. One side of the conflict is the state, and there is often a threshold of casualties that has to be reached to qualify as a civil war, which is usually defined as having more than 1000 casualties, with at least 100 coming from each side [1][2]

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The area of Antarctica is more than 14 million km² [1]. It is the fifth-largest continent with a size almost twice that of Australia [2].

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The current champion of FIFA is France. They won the title in 2018 [1, 2].

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France joined World War I on August 3, 1914 [1][2][3] . Germany declared war on France on the same day as per their war plan, which included attacking France first before Russia [2]. Though France played a small role in the coming of World War I, it was allied with Russia and was ready to commit to war against Germany [3].

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Days of Our Lives has been on since November 8, 1965 [1,2].

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Iain Norman Macleod died on 20 July 1970 due to a massive heart attack [1].

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The fastest firing machine gun can achieve rates of fire over 100 rounds per second (6,000 RPM)

2aa64efc-3d02-459d-9298-f90ed8230283

The lightest gas is hydrogen. [1][3][4][5] Helium is the second lightest gas. [2]

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Basketball was introduced at Georgetown University in 1906 [1][2] . Georgetown hired Maurice Joyce as its athletic director that year and he oversaw tryouts for a basketball team after the football season ended, with four undergraduates and three Georgetown University Law School students making the team [1]. Joyce went on to found the Georgetown men's basketball program for its first season in 1906-07 [2].

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Kaine Parker's super power is having superhuman strength, speed, agility, reflexes, and equilibrium which are all at higher levels than Spider-Man due to his continued mutation [2].

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The question is about Lou Lombardo's birthdate.Based on the given contexts, Lou Lombardo was born on February 15, 1932 [1]. It's important to note that there is another person named Louis Lombardo mentioned in context [2],

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Based on the given context, the SUV (sport utility vehicle) can be considered as a longer-wheelbase, civilian, wagon-type vehicle that usually comes with a four-wheel drive [1]. The first examples of such vehicles include the 1946 Willys Jeep Station Wagon, which was introduced a year before its 1947 Jeep Truck sibling. However, the Willys Jeep Station Wagon was not initially offered with four-wheel drive until 1949 [1].

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Voltaire published Candide simultaneously in five countries no later than 15 January 1759, although the exact date is uncertain. [1]

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Alfred Whitmore, an English Pathologist, and C.S. Krishnaswami identified "Burkholderia pseudomallei", the causative agent of melioidosis (also known as "Whitmore's disease") in opium addicts in Rangoon in 1911. [1][2]

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"Leave It to Beaver" ran for six full 39-week seasons, which is equivalent to a total of 234 episodes [1]. The show debuted on CBS on October 4, 1957, and then moved to ABC for the following seasons until completing its run on June 20, 1963 [1].

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Based on the given context, it is not clear which country is the largest producer of rye grain. However, we know that rye is grown primarily in Eastern, Central and Northern Europe and the main rye belt stretches from northern Germany through Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Latvia into central and northern Russia. [1]

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No, not all streams are rivers.Explanation: As mentioned in context [5], a river is a natural flowing watercourse that can be called by different names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. However, not all streams have significant perennial flow and can only be classified as intermitted or ephemeral channels (as mentioned in context [2]). Additionally, context [4] explains that there are various types of stream channels, differentiated by their geometries, gradient and development that also affect the flow of the stream and how it is classified. Therefore, based on the given contexts, it can be concluded that not all streams are rivers as it depends on factors such as the magnitude and duration of the stream's flow, the type of stream channel, and other environmental factors. [5][2][4]

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The original publisher of the ABC Chinese-English Dictionary was the University of Hawaii Press [1, 3].

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A caipirinha is a cocktail that is Brazil's national drink [1]. The drink is made out of cachaça (a sugarcane hard liquor), sugar, and lime [1][2] . It is the strongest national cocktail of Brazil and is commonly consumed in restaurants, bars, and households throughout the country [3]. It is also recognized as an official cocktail by the International Bartenders Association [3].

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Reginald Fessenden was the first inventor to conceive of using reflected seismic waves for geology, and he applied for the first patent on a seismic exploration method in 1914 [1].

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Arya learned to be an assassin at the House of Black and White in Braavos, where she became an acolyte of the Faceless Men [1-4]. She was trained in the art of assassination, which involved learning how to lie undetected, infiltrate a brothel and assassinate corrupt merchants [1-2]. Additionally, Arya was temporarily blinded and forced to develop her other senses, including her sense of hearing, before her sight was restored [2-4]. Jaqen H'ghar, who had the ability to change his face, assisted Arya in her training and provided her with a special coin and a phrase to use if she met anyone from Braavos [3].

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According to the given contexts, it takes between 7 to 10 years in the field for Fraser fir, the most popular Christmas tree species, to reach maturity and become a high tree. However, the life cycle of a Christmas tree from the seed to a tree takes between 8 and 12 years depending on species and treatment in cultivation. The remaining development of the tree greatly depends on the climate, soil quality, as well as the cultivation and how the trees are tended by the Christmas tree farmer. [1]

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The character who has been on General Hospital for the longest time is Dr. Monica Quartermaine portrayed by Leslie Charleson since August 17, 1977 [1].

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NHK was founded in Japan in August 1926 [2].

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The Billboard Charts for music began on January 4, 1936, when "Billboard" magazine published its first music hit parade. [1][2]

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Rugby originated in Rugby School, Rugby, Warwickshire, England around 1845. [1]

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Rockwood Hall was built in 1849 by Gervase Wheeler for Edwin Bartlett, according to context [1].

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The final episode of Charmed is titled "Forever Charmed" and is the 178th overall episode of the show. It is the second part of the double-episode series finale of the eighth season. It features time travel, family visitations, historical backgrounds, and glimpses of the future of The Charmed Ones' progeny. The episode was written by Brad Kern and directed by James L. Conway. It was originally broadcast in the United States on May 21, 2006 on The WB. [1] "Forever Charmed" was watched by 4.5 million American viewers, making it the highest-rated episode of the season. The eighth season of Charmed had an average of 3.5 million viewers for all 22 episodes. Out of all regular primetime programming that aired during the 2005–2006 American television season, "Charmed" ranked 132nd out of 156, according to the Nielsen ratings system. [2] In a 2016 review of the eighth season, Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV highlighted "Forever Charmed" as the best episode of the season. He commented that the season suffered from budget cuts and felt less magical than previous seasons. Despite this, he respected the writers for delivering 22 episodes of "hit-and-misses" with a lot of the content being good. [3]

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The melting temperature of magnesium is 652 °C [1].

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Sugako Hashida created the TV show Oshin [1][2]

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Airsoft guns shoot solid round plastic pellets [1]. These pellets are non-metallic spherical projectiles often referred to as "BBs" [3]. Airsoft guns are specially designed low-power smoothbore air guns that have low muzzle energy ratings, generally less than 1.5 J, or 1.1 ft⋅lb [3].

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The head coach of Collingwood Football Club for the 2010 AFL Grand Final was Michael Malthouse. [1][2] He coached Collingwood to the finals in eight out of his twelve seasons as coach and guided Collingwood to the grand final for the second time in a row against St Kilda, which resulted in a draw and a replay. Collingwood claimed premiership success in the replay with a resounding 56-point win over St Kilda. [1][2] Malthouse also coached Collingwood to the 2011 AFL Grand Final against Geelong Cats, which they lost by 38 points, and it was his final game as Collingwood coach. [2]

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The national animal of Thailand is the Thai elephant [1][2] . It is the official national animal of Thailand and was proclaimed as such in a declaration of the Office of the Prime Minister dated 26 October 2001 [1]. It is a subspecies of the Asian elephant, the Indian elephant ("Elephas maximus indicus") [2]. Thai people have a close relationship with elephants since ancient times and the elephant has played a significant role in transportation, labor, and battle [4]. The number of Thai elephants has been reduced drastically from 100,000 to 2,000-3,000 wild elephants and about 2,700 domesticated elephants over the past 100 years [4].

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Based on the given context, there is no information suggesting that firewood banksia is found in North America. The only information provided is that "Banksia menziesii" is found in Western Australia and commonly seen in gardens, nature strips, and parks in Australian urban areas [1].

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The first movie about space is often considered to be "Le Voyage dans la Lune" created by Georges Méliès in 1902. [1]

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The Keys to the Kingdom is a fantasy-adventure book series written by Garth Nix, which was first introduced in 2003 with the book "Mister Monday". [1, 2]

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A microbe, or a microorganism, is a microscopic organism that may exist as a single-celled form or in a colony of cells. [2][3] ("A microbe is an organism that is microscopic.")[3]

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The first "D.Gray-Man" anime series aired from October 2006 to September 2008 in Japan [1, 2].

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No, Zeus is not a Titan. He is the youngest son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea but became the supreme ruler of the Olympian gods after defeating Cronus and the Titans in a ten-year war [2]. Additionally, there is no mention of Zeus being identified as a Titan in the given contexts. In fact, the Titans attempted to slay the infant Dionysus in the hopes of claiming the throne for themselves, which enraged Zeus [1].

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The Atlantic Recording Corporation is currently owned by the Warner Music Group [1]. In 1967, Atlantic became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, which was later rebadged as Warner Communications, and eventually became the Warner Music Group [1][2] . Craig Kallman is the current chairman of Atlantic Records Group [3]. However, it should be noted that the corporation was initially founded by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson in 1947 [1].

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In Germany, there is no general speed limit on many rural sections of the autobahns and freeway-style highways. However, on Austrian autobahns, a general speed limit of 130 km/h (81 mph) is set, although a trial is being conducted by the FPÖ government for a possible speed limit increase to 140 km/h (87 mph) on the Autobahn 1 freeway. [1][2]

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James Tobin is no longer alive. He was born on March 5, 1918, and passed away on March 11, 2002 [2].

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Sun Yat-sen was the first president of the Republic of China [1]. However, Yuan Shikai became the second provisional president after Sun Yat-sen, and later on, Mao Zedong became the first leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the office of State Chairman in 1955 [2, 3, 4].

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Based on the given context, it can be inferred that praying mantises do not always eat their mates. However, females sometimes practice sexual cannibalism and eat their mates after copulation [1].

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The top commander of the Turkish Armed Forces currently is General Yaşar Güler. [2]

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The first drug approved by the FDA to treat clinical depression was Prozac, which was approved in 1987 [1].

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Based on the given contexts, there are 20 species of venomous snakes that live in North America [3, 6]. These species belong to the families Viperidae and Elapidae [3]. The Elapidae family includes eight species that occur in Guatemala, but it is not mentioned whether any of them are found in North America or not [1]. The Amblyodipsas genus of snakes found in Africa is considered harmless and should not be confused with the venomous snakes found in North America [2]. The Rubber Boa, which is found in western and southwestern portions of Montana, is a non-venomous snake in the family Boidae [4, 5].

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According to the contexts provided, the Subic Bay naval base was located in Zambales, Philippines [1]. After its closure in 1992, it was transformed into the Subic Bay Freeport Zone by the Philippine government [1][3]

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The crime in Chicago is higher than the US average, especially the violent crime rate [3]. The city experienced a major rise in violent crime starting in the late 1960s, a decline in overall crime in the 2000s, then a rise in murders in 2016 [4]. The reason for the higher crime rates in Chicago is unclear, but according to the former Chicago Police Superintendent Garry McCarthy, the gang culture is one of the main reasons for high rates of homicide and other violent crimes [1]. Former Police Superintendent John Escalante expressed concerns that officers might be hesitant to engage in proactive policing due to fear of retribution [2].

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The largest species of turtle is the Leatherback sea turtle ("Dermochelys coriacea"). It can reach a shell length of up to 6.5 feet [2,5] and weigh over 2000 pounds [2]. - "The Leatherback Sea Turtle is the largest turtle in the world, weighing up to two thousand pounds and reaching up to six and a half feet by their adult years."[5]

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G4S was founded as The Wackenhut Corporation in 1954 [1]. However, in 2002, it was acquired by Danish corporation Group 4 Falck, which later merged to form British company G4S in 2004 [1, 2]. Therefore, G4S was officially founded in 2004 [2, 4].

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Yes, a needlestick injury can be fatal. Needlestick injuries have the potential to transmit bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and prions, among which the highest risk is contracting hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV [4]. Although needlestick injuries generally cause minor visible trauma, the risk of viral infection remains even in the absence of bleeding [1]. Needlesticks can result in mild to severe reactions, including hospitalization, bacterial or fungal infections, lacerations, local inflammation, vaccine/antibiotic reactions, amputations, miscarriage and death. [3]. In 2000, the World Health Organization estimated that 66,000 hepatitis B, 16,000 hepatitis C, and 1,000 HIV infections were caused by needlestick injuries [4].

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The protagonist in "Boogiepop Phantom" is Boogiepop, a kitsune who is described as a death deity of Japanese folklore [1].

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The longest highway in Georgia is State Route 11 (SR 11) [2]. It travels the entire length of the state from south to north, connecting the Florida state line with the North Carolina state line. It is the longest route in the state. On the other hand, although I-75 is the longest Interstate Highway within Georgia, its length is shorter than SR 11 [1].

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The Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (VFW) was first founded on September 29, 1899, in Columbus, Ohio by James C. Putnam [1, 4].

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The judicial system of Portugal is called the Judicial Order ("Ordem Judicial") and it includes the Supreme Court of Justice in Lisbon as its superior body, as well as five intermediate level courts called "Relação" and the judicial courts of first instance. [1] Until 2014, Portugal was divided into 231 uneven "comarcas", which constituted the territorial areas of jurisdiction of the courts of first instance. However, since the judiciary organization reform of 2014, the country has the "comarca" as its single type of judicial division, with 23 larger "comarcas" each having a single generic competence judicial court of first instance. [2],

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The population of Burntisland, Scotland is 6,269 according to the 2011 census. [1]

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Based on the given contexts, pallid sturgeons are bottom feeders and opportunistic feeders. They consume various insects during some seasons and various fish species during others. Fish, especially small fish such as cyprinids (minnows), are a more important dietary staple for pallid sturgeon than it is for shovelnose sturgeon [1].

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The winner of the 2000 Sugar Bowl was Florida State Seminoles. They defeated Virginia Tech Hokies by a score of 46-29 and won the 1999 BCS national championship [2].

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Yes, Hashimoto's is a disease that attacks the thyroid gland and causes its gradual destruction. [1] It is an autoimmune disorder in which the thyroid gland is infiltrated by the lymphocytes B-cell and T-cells. These cells progressively destroy the thyroid gland. [2] It is also known as Hashimoto's disease. [6] Hashimoto's disease, also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is associated with Hashimoto's encephalopathy. [8]

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The official languages of Madagascar are Malagasy and French [1, 2, 3, 7, 10]. Malagasy is considered the national language of Madagascar [7]. In the Constitution of 1992, Malagasy was named the national language although French still had the character of an official language [4, 5]. In the Constitution of 2007, English was added as an official language alongside Malagasy and French, but in the 2010 constitution English was removed as an official language [6, 9]. The anthem of Madagascar is written in both French and Malagasy [8].

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The green color of the Statue of Liberty is caused by the natural patina formed on the copper material due to weathering and exposure to air or seawater over time. This natural patina is a form of the pigment called verdigris, which is a chemical compound consisting of basic copper carbonate or copper chloride. If acetic acid is present during the weathering process, it may also consist of copper (II) acetate. [1]

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Yes, tobacco can be grown in Tennessee. Type 22 tobacco, which is a type of fire-cured tobacco produced in southern Kentucky and northern Tennessee, including Robertson and Montgomery County, is primarily used for manufacturing chewing tobacco [2, 5]. Additionally, tobacco (specifically fire-cured dark-leaf tobacco) was historically grown in middle and western parts of Tennessee prior to the Civil War, and is still grown in northern middle Tennessee [1, 3].

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According to the Romanian census of 2011, the population of Galați was recorded as 249,432 residents. [2]

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John Wesley Hanes founded Hanes Hosiery Mills, the company that later became Hanes [2][4]. His brother, Pleasant H. Hanes, founded the P.H. Hanes Knitting Company in 1901, which later merged with Hanes Hosiery in 1965 [1][3]

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Melissa Gaboriau Auf der Maur was born on March 17, 1972, and currently, she is [1]

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Jim Gordon first appeared in the first panel of "Detective Comics" #27 (May 1939), where he is referred to simply as Commissioner Gordon. [1]

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Precedent in the SCOTUS refers to a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as stare decisis [4].

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Columbus landed on San Salvador Island during his first voyage across the Atlantic in 1492 [2].

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161 people died at Joplin due to the EF5 tornado that hit the area. [2][3]

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The national religion of Spain is not officially recognized by law, but Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion. However, practical secularization is strong in Spain, with only 3% of Spaniards considering religion as one of their three most important values, even lower than the 5% European average. [4, 6]