Siphon refers to filling an inverted U-shaped tubular structure with liquid by using the force phenomenon of liquid level height difference, placing the high end of the opening in the container filled with liquid, and the liquid in the container will continue to flow out of the opening at a lower position through the siphon.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following is not a siphon phenomenon?

Choices:
- The car driver uses a rubber tube to suck gasoline or diesel out of the oil barrel.
- Most of the water surface in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in China is higher than the ground outside the embankment. In Henan and Shandong, farmers use the Yellow River to irrigate their farmland.
- When Xiao Wang changed the water for his fish tank at home, he squeezed out the air in the pipe, then inserted the pipe into the water, and the water source kept flowing out.
- Xiao Liu lives on the 30th floor of a community. The tap water comes from the secondary water supply.

(z0 / refer-01
    :ARG1 (z1 / siphon)
    :ARG2 (z2 / fill-01
              :ARG1 (z3 / structure
                        :consist-of (z4 / tube)
                        :ARG1-of (z5 / shape-01
                                     :ARG2 (z6 / string-entity
                                               :value "U")
                                     :ARG1-of (z7 / invert-01)))
              :ARG2 (z8 / liquid)
              :manner (z9 / use-01
                          :ARG1 (z10 / phenomenon
                                     :mod (z11 / force)
                                     :mod (z12 / differ-02
                                               :ARG1 (z13 / level
                                                          :mod z8)
                                               :ARG3 (z14 / height
                                                          :mod (z15 / level))))
                          :example (z16 / and
                                        :op1 (z17 / place-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z18 / end
                                                             :ARG1-of (z19 / high-02)
                                                             :part-of (z20 / opening))
                                                  :ARG2 (z21 / container
                                                             :ARG1-of (z22 / fill-01
                                                                           :ARG2 z8)))
                                        :op2 (z23 / continue-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z24 / flow-01
                                                             :ARG1 z8
                                                             :direction (z25 / out-06
                                                                             :ARG1 z8
                                                                             :ARG2 z20)
                                                             :manner (z26 / position
                                                                          :ARG1-of (z27 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z28 / low-04
                                                                                :ARG1 z26)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z29 / more)))))))
              :ARG1-of (z30 / mean-01
                            :ARG2 (z31 / straw-02))))

refer-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ siphon(z1) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z2) ∧ fill-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ structure(z3) ∧ :consist(z4, z3) ∧ tube(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z3) ∧ shape-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z6) ∧ string-entity(z6) ∧ :value(z6, "U") ∧ :ARG1(z7, z5) ∧ invert-01(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z8) ∧ liquid(z8) ∧ :manner(z2, z9) ∧ use-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ phenomenon(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ force(z11) ∧ :mod(z10, z12) ∧ differ-02(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ level(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z8) ∧ :ARG3(z12, z14) ∧ height(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ level(z15) ∧ :example(z9, z16) ∧ and(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, z17) ∧ place-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ end(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z18) ∧ high-02(z19) ∧ :part(z20, z18) ∧ opening(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z21) ∧ container(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z21) ∧ fill-01(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z8) ∧ :op2(z16, z23) ∧ continue-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ flow-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z8) ∧ :direction(z24, z25) ∧ out-06(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z8) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z20) ∧ :manner(z24, z26) ∧ position(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z26) ∧ have-degree-91(z27) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z28) ∧ low-04(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z26) ∧ :ARG3(z27, z29) ∧ more(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z2) ∧ mean-01(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z31) ∧ straw-02(z31)


Historian: In rebuttal of my claim that West influenced Stuart, some people point out that West' s work is mentioned only once in Stuart' s diaries. But Stuart' s diaries mention several meetings with West, and Stuart' s close friend, Abella, studied under West. Furthermore, Stuart' s work often uses West' s terminology which, though now commonplace, none of Stuart' s contemporaries used.

Question: Which one of the following propositions is most supported by the historian's statements, if those statements are true?

Choices:
- Stuart's work was not entirely free from West's influence
- Stuart's contemporaries were not influenced by West.
- It is more likely that Stuart influenced West than that West influenced Stuart.
- Stuart's discussions with Abella were one of the means by which West influenced Stuart.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG2 (z4 / historian)))
              :ARG1 (z5 / point-out-02
                        :ARG0 (z6 / person
                                  :mod (z7 / some))
                        :ARG1 (z8 / mention-01
                                  :frequency 1
                                  :ARG1 (z9 / work-01
                                            :ARG0 (z10 / world-region
                                                       :wiki "Western_world"
                                                       :name (z11 / name
                                                                  :op1 "West")))
                                  :location (z12 / diary
                                                 :poss (z19 / name
                                                            :op1 "Stuart"))
                                  :mod (z13 / only))
                        :purpose (z14 / rebut-01
                                      :ARG0 z6
                                      :ARG1 (z15 / claim-01
                                                 :ARG0 (z16 / i)
                                                 :ARG1 (z17 / influence-01
                                                            :ARG0 z10
                                                            :ARG1 (z18 / person
                                                                       :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                                       :name z19))))))
    :snt2 (z20 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z21 / and
                          :op1 (z22 / mention-01
                                    :ARG0 (z23 / diary
                                               :poss (z24 / person
                                                          :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                          :name (z25 / name
                                                                     :op1 "Stuart")))
                                    :ARG1 (z26 / meet-03
                                               :ARG0 z24
                                               :ARG1 z10
                                               :quant (z27 / several)))
                          :op2 (z28 / study-01
                                    :ARG0 (z29 / person
                                               :wiki -
                                               :name (z30 / name
                                                          :op1 "Abella")
                                               :ARG0-of (z31 / have-rel-role-91
                                                             :ARG1 z24
                                                             :ARG2 (z32 / friend
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z33 / close-13
                                                                                :ARG2 z24))))
                                    :manner (z34 / under
                                                 :op1 z10))))
    :snt3 (z35 / and
               :op2 (z36 / use-01
                         :ARG0 (z37 / work-01
                                    :ARG0 (z38 / person
                                               :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                               :name (z39 / name
                                                          :op1 "Stuart")))
                         :ARG1 (z40 / terminology
                                    :poss z10
                                    :ARG1-of (z41 / use-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z42 / none
                                                             :ARG1-of (z43 / include-91
                                                                           :ARG2 (z44 / contemporary
                                                                                :poss z24)))
                                                  :concession (z45 / commonplace
                                                                   :time (z46 / now)
                                                                   :domain z40)))
                         :frequency (z47 / often)))
    :snt4 (z48 / and
               :op2 (z49 / spring-01
                         :ARG1 (z50 / work-01
                                    :ARG0 (z51 / person
                                               :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                               :name (z52 / name
                                                          :op1 "Stuart")))
                         :ARG2 (z53 / out)
                         :manner (z54 / out)))
    :snt5 (z55 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z56 / mention-01
                          :ARG0 (z57 / diary
                                     :poss (z58 / person
                                                :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                :name (z59 / name
                                                           :op1 "Stuart")))
                          :ARG1 (z60 / meet-03
                                     :ARG0 (z61 / person
                                                :wiki "George_H._W._Bush"
                                                :name (z62 / name
                                                           :op1 "West"))
                                     :ARG1 (z63 / person
                                                :wiki "George_H."
                                                :name (z64 / name
                                                           :op1 "West"))
                                     :quant (z65 / several)))
               :ARG2 (z66 / mention-01
                          :ARG0 z57
                          :ARG1 (z67 / meet-03
                                     :ARG0 (z68 / person
                                                :wiki "George_H._W._Bush"
                                                :name (z69 / name
                                                           :op1 "West"))
                                     :ARG1 (z70 / person
                                                :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                :name (z71 / name
                                                           :op1 "West")))))
    :snt6 (z72 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z73 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z74 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z75 / historian)))
               :ARG1 (z76 / mention-01
                          :ARG0 (z77 / diary
                                     :poss (z78 / person
                                                :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                :name (z79 / name
                                                           :op1 "Stuart")))
                          :ARG1 (z80 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z81 / work-01
                                                   :ARG0 z10)
                                     :ARG1-of (z82 / mention-01
                                                   :frequency 1
                                                   :mod (z83 / only))))
               :snt7 (z84 / rebut-01
                          :ARG0 z73
                          :ARG1 (z85 / claim-01
                                     :ARG0 (z86 / i)
                                     :ARG1 (z87 / influence-01
                                                :ARG0 (z88 / person
                                                           :wiki "George_H._W._Bush"
                                                           :name (z89 / name
                                                                      :op1 "West"))
                                                :ARG1 (z90 / person
                                                           :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                           :name (z91 / name
                                                                      :op1 "Stuart")))))
               :snt8 (z92 / use-01
                          :ARG0 (z93 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 (z94 / person
                                                :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                :name (z95 / name
                                                           :op1 "Stuart"
                                                           :op2 "MacGill"))
                                     :ARG1 (z96 / terminology
                                                :poss z10)
                                     :frequency (z97 / often))
                          :snt9 (z98 / use-01
                                     :ARG0 z96
                                     :ARG1 (z99 / terminology
                                                :ARG1-of (z100 / use-01
                                                               :ARG0 (z101 / person
                                                                           :mod (z102 / none
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z103 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1000 / contemporary
                                                                                :poss z78))))
                                                               :ARG1-of (z1001 / use-01
                                                                               :ARG0 z101
                                                                               :time (z1002 / now)))))
                          :snt10 (z1003 / and
                                        :op1 (z1004 / mention-01
                                                    :ARG0 (z1005 / person
                                                                 :wiki -
                                                                 :name (z1006 / name
                                                                              :op1 "Abella")
                                                                 :ARG0-of (z1007 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1008 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                                                :name (z1009 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Stuart"))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1010 / friend))
                                                                 :ARG3 (z1011 / under
                                                                              :op1 z10)))
                                        :op2 (z1012 / study-01
                                                    :ARG0 z1008)))
               :snt6 (z1013 / say-01
                            :ARG0 (z1014 / person
                                         :wiki -
                                         :name (z1015 / name
                                                      :op1 "Abella")
                                         :ARG1 (z1016 / person
                                                      :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                                                      :name (z1017 / name
                                                                   :op1 "Stuart"))))
               :prep-in (z1018 / name
                               :op1 "West"))
    :snt7 (z1019 / person
                 :wiki "Stuart_MacGill"
                 :name (z1020 / name
                              :op1 "Abella"))
    :prep-in (z1021 / name
                    :op1 "Stuart")
    :prep-in (z104 / name
                   :op1 "West"
                   :prep-in (z105 / name
                                  :op1 "Abella"))
    :prep-in (z106 / name
                   :op1 "Stuart")
    :prep-for (z107 / person
                    :wiki "George"))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ have-org-role-91(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z4) ∧ historian(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ point-out-02(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ some(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z8) ∧ mention-01(z8) ∧ :frequency(z8, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ work-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ world-region(z10) ∧ :wiki(z10, "Western_world") ∧ :name(z10, z11) ∧ name(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, "West") ∧ :location(z8, z12) ∧ diary(z12) ∧ :poss(z12, z19) ∧ name(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, "Stuart") ∧ :mod(z8, z13) ∧ only(z13) ∧ :purpose(z5, z14) ∧ rebut-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z6) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ claim-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ i(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z17) ∧ influence-01(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ person(z18) ∧ :wiki(z18, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z18, z19) ∧ :snt2(z0, z20) ∧ contrast-01(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z21) ∧ and(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ mention-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ diary(z23) ∧ :poss(z23, z24) ∧ person(z24) ∧ :wiki(z24, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z24, z25) ∧ name(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, "Stuart") ∧ :ARG1(z22, z26) ∧ meet-03(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z24) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z10) ∧ :quant(z26, z27) ∧ several(z27) ∧ :op2(z21, z28) ∧ study-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ person(z29) ∧ :wiki(z29, -) ∧ :name(z29, z30) ∧ name(z30) ∧ :op1(z30, "Abella") ∧ :ARG0(z31, z29) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z24) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z32) ∧ friend(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z32) ∧ close-13(z33) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z24) ∧ :manner(z28, z34) ∧ under(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, z10) ∧ :snt3(z0, z35) ∧ and(z35) ∧ :op2(z35, z36) ∧ use-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z37) ∧ work-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ person(z38) ∧ :wiki(z38, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z38, z39) ∧ name(z39) ∧ :op1(z39, "Stuart") ∧ :ARG1(z36, z40) ∧ terminology(z40) ∧ :poss(z40, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z40) ∧ use-01(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z42) ∧ none(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ include-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ contemporary(z44) ∧ :poss(z44, z24) ∧ :concession(z41, z45) ∧ commonplace(z45) ∧ :time(z45, z46) ∧ now(z46) ∧ :domain(z45, z40) ∧ :frequency(z36, z47) ∧ often(z47) ∧ :snt4(z0, z48) ∧ and(z48) ∧ :op2(z48, z49) ∧ spring-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ work-01(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z51) ∧ person(z51) ∧ :wiki(z51, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z51, z52) ∧ name(z52) ∧ :op1(z52, "Stuart") ∧ :ARG2(z49, z53) ∧ out(z53) ∧ :manner(z49, z54) ∧ out(z54) ∧ :snt5(z0, z55) ∧ have-concession-91(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ mention-01(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z57) ∧ diary(z57) ∧ :poss(z57, z58) ∧ person(z58) ∧ :wiki(z58, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z58, z59) ∧ name(z59) ∧ :op1(z59, "Stuart") ∧ :ARG1(z56, z60) ∧ meet-03(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ person(z61) ∧ :wiki(z61, "George_H._W._Bush") ∧ :name(z61, z62) ∧ name(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, "West") ∧ :ARG1(z60, z63) ∧ person(z63) ∧ :wiki(z63, "George_H.") ∧ :name(z63, z64) ∧ name(z64) ∧ :op1(z64, "West") ∧ :quant(z60, z65) ∧ several(z65) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z66) ∧ mention-01(z66) ∧ :ARG0(z66, z57) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ meet-03(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z68) ∧ person(z68) ∧ :wiki(z68, "George_H._W._Bush") ∧ :name(z68, z69) ∧ name(z69) ∧ :op1(z69, "West") ∧ :ARG1(z67, z70) ∧ person(z70) ∧ :wiki(z70, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z70, z71) ∧ name(z71) ∧ :op1(z71, "West") ∧ :snt6(z0, z72) ∧ say-01(z72) ∧ :ARG0(z72, z73) ∧ person(z73) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z73) ∧ have-org-role-91(z74) ∧ :ARG2(z74, z75) ∧ historian(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z76) ∧ mention-01(z76) ∧ :ARG0(z76, z77) ∧ diary(z77) ∧ :poss(z77, z78) ∧ person(z78) ∧ :wiki(z78, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z78, z79) ∧ name(z79) ∧ :op1(z79, "Stuart") ∧ :ARG1(z76, z80) ∧ thing(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z80) ∧ work-01(z81) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z80) ∧ mention-01(z82) ∧ :frequency(z82, 1) ∧ :mod(z82, z83) ∧ only(z83) ∧ :snt7(z72, z84) ∧ rebut-01(z84) ∧ :ARG0(z84, z73) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ claim-01(z85) ∧ :ARG0(z85, z86) ∧ i(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z87) ∧ influence-01(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z88) ∧ person(z88) ∧ :wiki(z88, "George_H._W._Bush") ∧ :name(z88, z89) ∧ name(z89) ∧ :op1(z89, "West") ∧ :ARG1(z87, z90) ∧ person(z90) ∧ :wiki(z90, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z90, z91) ∧ name(z91) ∧ :op1(z91, "Stuart") ∧ :snt8(z72, z92) ∧ use-01(z92) ∧ :ARG0(z92, z93) ∧ work-01(z93) ∧ :ARG0(z93, z94) ∧ person(z94) ∧ :wiki(z94, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z94, z95) ∧ name(z95) ∧ :op1(z95, "Stuart") ∧ :op2(z95, "MacGill") ∧ :ARG1(z93, z96) ∧ terminology(z96) ∧ :poss(z96, z10) ∧ :frequency(z93, z97) ∧ often(z97) ∧ :snt9(z92, z98) ∧ use-01(z98) ∧ :ARG0(z98, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z99) ∧ terminology(z99) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z99) ∧ use-01(z100) ∧ :ARG0(z100, z101) ∧ person(z101) ∧ :mod(z101, z102) ∧ none(z102) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z102) ∧ include-91(z103) ∧ :ARG2(z103, z1000) ∧ contemporary(z1000) ∧ :poss(z1000, z78) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z100) ∧ use-01(z1001) ∧ :ARG0(z1001, z101) ∧ :time(z1001, z1002) ∧ now(z1002) ∧ :snt10(z92, z1003) ∧ and(z1003) ∧ :op1(z1003, z1004) ∧ mention-01(z1004) ∧ :ARG0(z1004, z1005) ∧ person(z1005) ∧ :wiki(z1005, -) ∧ :name(z1005, z1006) ∧ name(z1006) ∧ :op1(z1006, "Abella") ∧ :ARG0(z1007, z1005) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z1007) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1008) ∧ person(z1008) ∧ :wiki(z1008, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z1008, z1009) ∧ name(z1009) ∧ :op1(z1009, "Stuart") ∧ :ARG2(z1007, z1010) ∧ friend(z1010) ∧ :ARG3(z1005, z1011) ∧ under(z1011) ∧ :op1(z1011, z10) ∧ :op2(z1003, z1012) ∧ study-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG0(z1012, z1008) ∧ :snt6(z72, z1013) ∧ say-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG0(z1013, z1014) ∧ person(z1014) ∧ :wiki(z1014, -) ∧ :name(z1014, z1015) ∧ name(z1015) ∧ :op1(z1015, "Abella") ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1016) ∧ person(z1016) ∧ :wiki(z1016, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z1016, z1017) ∧ name(z1017) ∧ :op1(z1017, "Stuart") ∧ :prep-in(z72, z1018) ∧ name(z1018) ∧ :op1(z1018, "West") ∧ :snt7(z0, z1019) ∧ person(z1019) ∧ :wiki(z1019, "Stuart_MacGill") ∧ :name(z1019, z1020) ∧ name(z1020) ∧ :op1(z1020, "Abella") ∧ :prep-in(z0, z1021) ∧ name(z1021) ∧ :op1(z1021, "Stuart") ∧ :prep-in(z0, z104) ∧ name(z104) ∧ :op1(z104, "West") ∧ :prep-in(z104, z105) ∧ name(z105) ∧ :op1(z105, "Abella") ∧ :prep-in(z0, z106) ∧ name(z106) ∧ :op1(z106, "Stuart") ∧ :prep-for(z0, z107) ∧ person(z107) ∧ :wiki(z107, "George")


In 1964, the famous Genovese case occurred in New York, the United States. A girl named Genovese was killed by a ruffian with a knife on her way home. Within 30 minutes of the crime, 38 neighbors heard the victim's call for help. Many people even walked to the window and watched for a long time, but no one went to help her. And no one called the police in time. As a result, a tragedy that shouldn't have happened became a reality.

Question: Which one of the followings gives the most appropriate explanation for the above phenomenon?

Choices:
- The public just stood by and saw others in danger, which showed the loss of public humanity.
- The public often witnessed violence, so they became apathy.
- The reason why people witnessed the incident but didn't give a hand may be due to the presence of others, which inhibited the motivation of them to help others and also led to the dispersion of social responsibility.
- In the face of danger, everyone tended to protect themselves.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / case-04
              :ARG1 (z2 / person
                        :wiki "Joseph_Genovese"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Genovese"))
              :ARG1-of (z4 / fame-01)
              :location (z5 / city
                            :wiki "New_York_City"
                            :name (z6 / name
                                      :op1 "New"
                                      :op2 "York")
                            :location (z7 / country
                                          :wiki "United_States"
                                          :name (z8 / name
                                                    :op1 "United"
                                                    :op2 "States")))
              :time (z9 / date-entity
                        :year 1964))
    :snt2 (z10 / kill-01
               :ARG0 (z11 / ruffian
                          :ARG0-of (z12 / have-03
                                        :ARG1 (z13 / knife)))
               :ARG1 (z14 / girl
                          :ARG1-of (z15 / name-01
                                        :ARG2 (z16 / person
                                                   :wiki "Joseph_Genovese"
                                                   :name (z17 / name
                                                              :op1 "Genovese"))))
               :time (z18 / go-02
                          :ARG0 z14
                          :ARG4 (z19 / home)))
    :snt3 (z20 / hear-01
               :ARG0 (z21 / neighbor
                          :quant 38)
               :ARG1 (z22 / call-03
                          :ARG0 (z23 / victim)
                          :ARG1 (z24 / help-01
                                     :ARG1 z23))
               :time (z25 / after
                          :op1 (z26 / crime-02)
                          :quant (z27 / up-to
                                      :op1 (z28 / temporal-quantity
                                                :quant 30
                                                :unit (z29 / minute)))))
    :snt4 (z30 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z31 / and
                          :op1 (z32 / walk-01
                                    :ARG0 (z33 / person
                                               :quant (z34 / many))
                                    :ARG2 (z35 / window)
                                    :mod (z36 / even))
                          :op2 (z37 / watch-01
                                    :ARG0 z33
                                    :duration (z38 / time
                                                   :ARG1-of (z39 / long-03))))
               :ARG2 (z40 / go-02
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 z33
                          :ARG4 (z41 / help-01
                                     :ARG0 z33
                                     :ARG1 (z42 / she))))
    :snt5 (z43 / and
               :op2 (z44 / call-02
                         :polarity -
                         :ARG0 (z45 / no-one)
                         :ARG1 (z46 / police)
                         :time (z47 / in-time))
               :snt6 (z48 / become-01
                          :ARG1 (z49 / tragedy
                                     :ARG1-of (z50 / recommend-01
                                                   :polarity -))
                          :ARG2 (z51 / reality)
                          :ARG2-of (z52 / result-01))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ case-04(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Joseph_Genovese") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Genovese") ∧ :ARG1(z4, z1) ∧ fame-01(z4) ∧ :location(z1, z5) ∧ city(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, "New_York_City") ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "New") ∧ :op2(z6, "York") ∧ :location(z5, z7) ∧ country(z7) ∧ :wiki(z7, "United_States") ∧ :name(z7, z8) ∧ name(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, "United") ∧ :op2(z8, "States") ∧ :time(z1, z9) ∧ date-entity(z9) ∧ :year(z9, 1964) ∧ :snt2(z0, z10) ∧ kill-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ ruffian(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z11) ∧ have-03(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ knife(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z14) ∧ girl(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ name-01(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z16) ∧ person(z16) ∧ :wiki(z16, "Joseph_Genovese") ∧ :name(z16, z17) ∧ name(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, "Genovese") ∧ :time(z10, z18) ∧ go-02(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z14) ∧ :ARG4(z18, z19) ∧ home(z19) ∧ :snt3(z0, z20) ∧ hear-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ neighbor(z21) ∧ :quant(z21, 38) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z22) ∧ call-03(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ victim(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z24) ∧ help-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z23) ∧ :time(z20, z25) ∧ after(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, z26) ∧ crime-02(z26) ∧ :quant(z25, z27) ∧ up-to(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ temporal-quantity(z28) ∧ :quant(z28, 30) ∧ :unit(z28, z29) ∧ minute(z29) ∧ :snt4(z0, z30) ∧ contrast-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ walk-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ person(z33) ∧ :quant(z33, z34) ∧ many(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z35) ∧ window(z35) ∧ :mod(z32, z36) ∧ even(z36) ∧ :op2(z31, z37) ∧ watch-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z33) ∧ :duration(z37, z38) ∧ time(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z38) ∧ long-03(z39) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z30, z40) ∧ go-02(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z33) ∧ :ARG4(z40, z41) ∧ help-01(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z33) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ she(z42)) ∧ :snt5(z0, z43) ∧ and(z43) ∧ ¬(:op2(z43, z44) ∧ call-02(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z45) ∧ no-one(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z46) ∧ police(z46) ∧ :time(z44, z47) ∧ in-time(z47)) ∧ :snt6(z43, z48) ∧ become-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ tragedy(z49) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z50, z49) ∧ recommend-01(z50)) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z51) ∧ reality(z51) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z48) ∧ result-01(z52)


Alsophila spinulosa, a plant of the same age as dinosaurs, was found in the primeval forest at the bottom of Dashiwei, the largest Tiankeng in Leye Tiankeng. Some people speculated that Dashiwei should have been formed in the dinosaur era, that is, 65 million years ago.

Question: If the followings are true, which one can best refute the above speculation?

Choices:
- Alsophila spinulosa still exists today.
- Alsophila spinulosa was not found in other Leye Tiankeng.
- Dinosaurs couldn't get into this very deep tiankeng.
- No dinosaur fossils were found in Dashiwei.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / find-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / plant
                        :wiki "Alsophila_spinulosa"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Alsophila"
                                  :op2 "spinulosa")
                        :mod (z4 / age
                                 :ARG1-of (z5 / same-01
                                              :ARG2 (z6 / dinosaur))))
              :location (z7 / forest
                            :mod (z8 / primeval)
                            :location (z9 / bottom
                                          :part-of (z10 / county
                                                        :wiki "Dashiwei_County"
                                                        :name (z11 / name
                                                                   :op1 "Dashiwei")))
                            :location (z12 / city-district
                                           :wiki "Tiankeng_District"
                                           :name (z13 / name
                                                      :op1 "Tiankeng")
                                           :ARG1-of (z14 / have-degree-91
                                                         :ARG2 (z15 / large)
                                                         :ARG3 (z16 / most)
                                                         :ARG5 (z17 / city-district
                                                                    :wiki "Leye_Tiankeng_District"
                                                                    :name (z18 / name
                                                                               :op1 "Leye"
                                                                               :op2 "Tiankeng"))))))
    :snt2 (z19 / speculate-01
               :ARG0 (z20 / person
                          :mod (z21 / some))
               :ARG1 (z22 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z23 / form-01
                                     :ARG1 z10
                                     :time (z24 / era
                                                :mod (z25 / dinosaur)
                                                :ARG1-of (z26 / mean-01
                                                              :ARG2 (z27 / before
                                                                         :op1 (z28 / now)
                                                                         :quant (z29 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 65000000
                                                                                :unit (z30 / year))))))))
    :snt3 (z31 / age-01
               :ARG1 (z32 / plant
                          :wiki "Alsophila_spinulosa"
                          :name (z33 / name
                                     :op1 "Alsophila"
                                     :op2 "spinulosa")
                          :mod (z34 / plant))
               :ARG2 (z35 / temporal-quantity
                          :ARG1-of (z36 / same-01
                                        :ARG2 (z37 / age
                                                   :poss (z38 / dinosaur))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ find-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ plant(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Alsophila_spinulosa") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Alsophila") ∧ :op2(z3, "spinulosa") ∧ :mod(z2, z4) ∧ age(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ same-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z6) ∧ dinosaur(z6) ∧ :location(z1, z7) ∧ forest(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ primeval(z8) ∧ :location(z7, z9) ∧ bottom(z9) ∧ :part(z10, z9) ∧ county(z10) ∧ :wiki(z10, "Dashiwei_County") ∧ :name(z10, z11) ∧ name(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, "Dashiwei") ∧ :location(z7, z12) ∧ city-district(z12) ∧ :wiki(z12, "Tiankeng_District") ∧ :name(z12, z13) ∧ name(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, "Tiankeng") ∧ :ARG1(z14, z12) ∧ have-degree-91(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ large(z15) ∧ :ARG3(z14, z16) ∧ most(z16) ∧ :ARG5(z14, z17) ∧ city-district(z17) ∧ :wiki(z17, "Leye_Tiankeng_District") ∧ :name(z17, z18) ∧ name(z18) ∧ :op1(z18, "Leye") ∧ :op2(z18, "Tiankeng") ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ speculate-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ person(z20) ∧ :mod(z20, z21) ∧ some(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z22) ∧ recommend-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ form-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z10) ∧ :time(z23, z24) ∧ era(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ dinosaur(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z24) ∧ mean-01(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z27) ∧ before(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ now(z28) ∧ :quant(z27, z29) ∧ temporal-quantity(z29) ∧ :quant(z29, 65000000) ∧ :unit(z29, z30) ∧ year(z30) ∧ :snt3(z0, z31) ∧ age-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ plant(z32) ∧ :wiki(z32, "Alsophila_spinulosa") ∧ :name(z32, z33) ∧ name(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, "Alsophila") ∧ :op2(z33, "spinulosa") ∧ :mod(z32, z34) ∧ plant(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z35) ∧ temporal-quantity(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z35) ∧ same-01(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z37) ∧ age(z37) ∧ :poss(z37, z38) ∧ dinosaur(z38)


AI assistant has obvious advantages in medical application: radiologists read and analyze a large number of images every day, doctors will be inefficient due to fatigue, AI assistant will not, it can even faster than the human eye to find suspicious lesions in the image to help doctors make a preliminary diagnosis.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- Doctors in A Hospital classify and file difficult images with the help of AI technology
- The respiratory department of B Hospital completed a remote consultation with the help of AI assistant
- The radiology department of C Hospital can use AI technology to complete the imaging diagnosis of more than 200 patients in half a day
- With the help of AI assistant, Ding Hospital detected the abnormal signs of chest cavity of patients with remote consultation, and determined the treatment plan for them

(z0 / advantage-01
    :ARG1 (z1 / assistant
              :ARG1-of (z2 / intelligent-01
                           :mod (z3 / artificial)))
    :ARG2 (z4 / apply-02
              :ARG1 z1
              :ARG2 (z5 / medicine))
    :ARG1-of (z6 / obvious-01)
    :example (z7 / and
                 :op1 (z8 / and
                          :op1 (z9 / read-01
                                   :ARG0 (z10 / radiologist)
                                   :ARG1 (z11 / image
                                              :quant (z12 / number
                                                          :mod (z13 / large))))
                          :op2 (z14 / analyze-01
                                    :ARG0 z10
                                    :ARG1 z11)
                          :frequency (z15 / rate-entity-91
                                          :ARG2 (z16 / temporal-quantity
                                                     :quant 1
                                                     :unit (z17 / day))))
                 :op2 (z18 / efficient-01
                           :polarity -
                           :ARG1 (z19 / doctor)
                           :ARG1-of (z20 / cause-01
                                         :ARG0 (z21 / fatigue)))
                 :op3 (z22 / efficient-01
                           :polarity -
                           :ARG1 z1
                           :ARG1-of (z23 / cause-01
                                         :ARG0 (z24 / fatigue)))
                 :op4 (z25 / possible-01
                           :ARG1 (z26 / have-degree-91
                                      :ARG1 z26
                                      :ARG2 (z27 / fast-02
                                                 :ARG1 z26
                                                 :purpose (z28 / find-01
                                                               :ARG0 z26
                                                               :ARG1 (z29 / lesion
                                                                          :ARG1-of (z30 / suspicious-03)
                                                                          :location (z31 / image))
                                                               :purpose (z32 / help-01
                                                                             :ARG0 z26
                                                                             :ARG1 (z33 / diagnose-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z19
                                                                                :mod (z34 / preliminary))
                                                                             :ARG2 z19)))
                                      :ARG3 (z35 / more
                                                 :mod (z36 / even))
                                      :ARG4 (z37 / possible-01
                                                 :ARG1 (z38 / have-degree-91
                                                            :ARG1 z26
                                                            :ARG2 (z39 / fast-02
                                                                       :ARG1 z26)
                                                            :ARG3 (z40 / more)
                                                            :ARG4 (z41 / eye
                                                                       :part-of (z42 / human)))))))
    :ARG1-of (z43 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z44 / and
                             :op1 (z45 / read-01
                                       :ARG0 z10
                                       :ARG1 z11)
                             :op2 (z46 / analyze-01
                                       :ARG0 z10
                                       :ARG1 z11)
                             :frequency (z47 / rate-entity-91
                                             :ARG2 (z48 / temporal-quantity
                                                        :quant 1
                                                        :unit (z49 / day)))
                             :op3 (z50 / efficient-01
                                       :polarity -
                                       :ARG1 z1
                                       :ARG1-of (z51 / cause-01
                                                     :ARG0 (z52 / fatigue)))
                             :op4 (z53 / capable-01
                                       :ARG1 z1
                                       :ARG2 (z54 / find-01
                                                  :ARG0 z1
                                                  :ARG1 (z55 / lesion
                                                             :ARG1-of (z56 / suspicious-03)
                                                             :location z31)
                                                  :purpose (z57 / help-01
                                                                :ARG0 z1
                                                                :ARG1 (z58 / make-01
                                                                           :ARG0 z19
                                                                           :ARG1 (z59 / diagnose-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z19
                                                                                :mod (z60 / preliminary)))
                                                                :ARG2 z19))
                                       :ARG1-of (z61 / have-degree-91
                                                     :ARG2 (z62 / fast-02
                                                                :ARG1 z54)
                                                     :ARG3 (z63 / more)
                                                     :ARG4 (z64 / possible-01
                                                                :ARG1 (z65 / find-01
                                                                           :ARG0 (z66 / eye
                                                                                :part-of (z67 / human))
                                                                           :ARG1 (z68 / lesion
                                                                                :location (z69 / image)))))))))

advantage-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ assistant(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z1) ∧ intelligent-01(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ artificial(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z4) ∧ apply-02(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z1) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ medicine(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z0) ∧ obvious-01(z6) ∧ :example(z0, z7) ∧ and(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, z8) ∧ and(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ read-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ radiologist(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z11) ∧ image(z11) ∧ :quant(z11, z12) ∧ number(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ large(z13) ∧ :op2(z8, z14) ∧ analyze-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z11) ∧ :frequency(z8, z15) ∧ rate-entity-91(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z16) ∧ temporal-quantity(z16) ∧ :quant(z16, 1) ∧ :unit(z16, z17) ∧ day(z17) ∧ ¬(:op2(z7, z18) ∧ efficient-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ doctor(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z18) ∧ cause-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ fatigue(z21)) ∧ ¬(:op3(z7, z22) ∧ efficient-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z1) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ cause-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ fatigue(z24)) ∧ :op4(z7, z25) ∧ possible-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ have-degree-91(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z27) ∧ fast-02(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z26) ∧ :purpose(z27, z28) ∧ find-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ lesion(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z29) ∧ suspicious-03(z30) ∧ :location(z29, z31) ∧ image(z31) ∧ :purpose(z28, z32) ∧ help-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ diagnose-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z19) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ preliminary(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z19) ∧ :ARG3(z26, z35) ∧ more(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ even(z36) ∧ :ARG4(z26, z37) ∧ possible-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ have-degree-91(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z26) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z39) ∧ fast-02(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z26) ∧ :ARG3(z38, z40) ∧ more(z40) ∧ :ARG4(z38, z41) ∧ eye(z41) ∧ :part(z42, z41) ∧ human(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z0) ∧ cause-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z44) ∧ and(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, z45) ∧ read-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z11) ∧ :op2(z44, z46) ∧ analyze-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z11) ∧ :frequency(z44, z47) ∧ rate-entity-91(z47) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z48) ∧ temporal-quantity(z48) ∧ :quant(z48, 1) ∧ :unit(z48, z49) ∧ day(z49) ∧ ¬(:op3(z44, z50) ∧ efficient-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z1) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z50) ∧ cause-01(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z52) ∧ fatigue(z52)) ∧ :op4(z44, z53) ∧ capable-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z1) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z54) ∧ find-01(z54) ∧ :ARG0(z54, z1) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ lesion(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z55) ∧ suspicious-03(z56) ∧ :location(z55, z31) ∧ :purpose(z54, z57) ∧ help-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z1) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ make-01(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ diagnose-01(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z59, z19) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ preliminary(z60) ∧ :ARG2(z57, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z53) ∧ have-degree-91(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z61, z62) ∧ fast-02(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z54) ∧ :ARG3(z61, z63) ∧ more(z63) ∧ :ARG4(z61, z64) ∧ possible-01(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ find-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z66) ∧ eye(z66) ∧ :part(z67, z66) ∧ human(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z68) ∧ lesion(z68) ∧ :location(z68, z69) ∧ image(z69)


Targeted sales refers to a marketing method in which merchants sell products to specific customers at prices lower than similar products in the market for specific purposes.

Question: Which of the following is targeted sales?

Choices:
- In order to gain popularity and attract car buyers, a certain auto city decided to give doctors and teachers a discount of 20,000 yuan on the day of opening, which is much cheaper than many 4S stores
- To celebrate the tenth anniversary of the company's founding, the board of directors of a company decided to issue souvenirs to employees. After consulting with a leather goods manufacturer, they bought a batch of fashionable and high-end leather bags at a preferential price
- In order to avoid waste, a fresh food store stipulates that after 8 o'clock every night, all non-frozen fresh fish and fresh meat products are sold at 50%
- In order to achieve sales performance in the first quarter, a food production company carried out online and offline promotion activities at the same time at the industry's low price, and sales volume increased sharply

(z0 / refer-01
    :ARG1 (z1 / sell-01
              :ARG1-of (z2 / target-01))
    :ARG2 (z3 / method
              :mod (z4 / market-01)
              :manner-of (z5 / sell-01
                             :ARG0 (z6 / person
                                       :ARG0-of (z7 / merchandise-01))
                             :ARG1 (z8 / product)
                             :ARG2 (z9 / customer
                                       :ARG1-of (z10 / specific-02))
                             :ARG3 (z11 / price
                                        :ARG1-of (z12 / have-degree-91
                                                      :ARG2 (z13 / low-04
                                                                 :ARG1 z11)
                                                      :ARG3 (z14 / more)
                                                      :ARG4 (z15 / product
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z16 / resemble-01
                                                                               :ARG2 z8)
                                                                 :location (z17 / market))))
                             :purpose (z18 / purpose
                                           :ARG1-of z10)))
    :ARG1-of (z19 / mean-01
                  :ARG2 (z20 / method
                             :mod (z21 / market-01)
                             :manner-of (z22 / sell-01
                                             :ARG0 z6
                                             :ARG1 z8
                                             :ARG2 z9
                                             :ARG3 (z23 / price
                                                        :ARG1-of (z24 / have-degree-91
                                                                      :ARG2 (z25 / low-04
                                                                                :ARG1 z23)
                                                                      :ARG3 (z26 / more)
                                                                      :ARG4 (z27 / product
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z28 / resemble-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z15)
                                                                                :location z17)))
                                             :purpose (z29 / purpose
                                                           :ARG1-of z10)))))

refer-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ sell-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z1) ∧ target-01(z2) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z3) ∧ method(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ market-01(z4) ∧ :manner(z5, z3) ∧ sell-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z6) ∧ merchandise-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z8) ∧ product(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z9) ∧ customer(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ specific-02(z10) ∧ :ARG3(z5, z11) ∧ price(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ have-degree-91(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z13) ∧ low-04(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z11) ∧ :ARG3(z12, z14) ∧ more(z14) ∧ :ARG4(z12, z15) ∧ product(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ resemble-01(z16) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z8) ∧ :location(z15, z17) ∧ market(z17) ∧ :purpose(z5, z18) ∧ purpose(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z0) ∧ mean-01(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z20) ∧ method(z20) ∧ :mod(z20, z21) ∧ market-01(z21) ∧ :manner(z22, z20) ∧ sell-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z6) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z8) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z9) ∧ :ARG3(z22, z23) ∧ price(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z23) ∧ have-degree-91(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ low-04(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z23) ∧ :ARG3(z24, z26) ∧ more(z26) ∧ :ARG4(z24, z27) ∧ product(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ resemble-01(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z15) ∧ :location(z27, z17) ∧ :purpose(z22, z29) ∧ purpose(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z29)


Symbolic phenomenon refers to two things, A and B, which are not related in ideology. When we use thing A to represent thing B, thing A can be regarded as a symbol of thing B.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following is not a symbolic phenomenon?

Choices:
- The sirens of fire trucks.
- Cross mark used by medical institutions.
- The scale pattern carved on the gate of the court.
- The whistle of a sports referee.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / phenomenon
                        :mod (z3 / symbiosis))
              :ARG1 (z4 / and
                        :op1 (z5 / thing
                                 :mod (z6 / variable
                                          :wiki -
                                          :name (z7 / name
                                                    :op1 "A")))
                        :op2 (z8 / thing
                                 :mod (z9 / variable
                                          :wiki -
                                          :name (z10 / name
                                                     :op1 "B")))
                        :ARG1-of (z11 / relate-01
                                      :polarity -
                                      :ARG2 z4
                                      :ARG3 (z12 / ideology))))
    :snt2 (z13 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z14 / regard-01
                          :ARG1 (z15 / thing
                                     :mod (z16 / variable
                                               :wiki -
                                               :name (z17 / name
                                                          :op1 "A")))
                          :ARG2 (z18 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z19 / symbolize-01
                                                   :ARG2 z15))
                          :time (z20 / use-01
                                     :ARG0 (z21 / we)
                                     :ARG1 z15
                                     :ARG2 (z22 / represent-01
                                                :ARG0 z15
                                                :ARG1 (z23 / thing
                                                           :mod (z24 / variable
                                                                     :wiki -
                                                                     :name (z25 / name
                                                                                :op1 "B"))))))
               :snt3 (z26 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z27 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z28 / regard-01
                                                :ARG1 z15
                                                :ARG2 (z29 / thing
                                                           :ARG1-of (z30 / symbolize-01
                                                                         :ARG2 z23))))
                          :ARG2 (z31 / and
                                     :op1 (z32 / go-01
                                               :ARG1 z15
                                               :direction (z33 / out)
                                               :manner (z34 / work-01
                                                            :ARG1 (z35 / motion)))
                                     :op2 (z36 / go-01
                                               :ARG1 z15
                                               :direction (z37 / back)
                                               :manner z34))))
    :polarity -
    :ARG1 (z39 / thing
               :mod (z40 / variable
                         :wiki -
                         :name (z41 / name
                                    :op1 "A")))
    :ARG2 (z42 / thing
               :mod (z43 / variable
                         :wiki -
                         :name (z44 / name
                                    :op1 "B")))
    :ARG3 (z45 / ideology))

¬(multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ phenomenon(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ symbiosis(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ and(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, z5) ∧ thing(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ variable(z6) ∧ :wiki(z6, -) ∧ :name(z6, z7) ∧ name(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, "A") ∧ :op2(z4, z8) ∧ thing(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ variable(z9) ∧ :wiki(z9, -) ∧ :name(z9, z10) ∧ name(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, "B") ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z11, z4) ∧ relate-01(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z4) ∧ :ARG3(z11, z12) ∧ ideology(z12)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z13) ∧ possible-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ regard-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ thing(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ variable(z16) ∧ :wiki(z16, -) ∧ :name(z16, z17) ∧ name(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, "A") ∧ :ARG2(z14, z18) ∧ thing(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z18) ∧ symbolize-01(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z15) ∧ :time(z14, z20) ∧ use-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ we(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z15) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z22) ∧ represent-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z15) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ thing(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ variable(z24) ∧ :wiki(z24, -) ∧ :name(z24, z25) ∧ name(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, "B") ∧ :snt3(z13, z26) ∧ have-concession-91(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ possible-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ regard-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z15) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ thing(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z29) ∧ symbolize-01(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z23) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ go-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z15) ∧ :direction(z32, z33) ∧ out(z33) ∧ :manner(z32, z34) ∧ work-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ motion(z35) ∧ :op2(z31, z36) ∧ go-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z15) ∧ :direction(z36, z37) ∧ back(z37) ∧ :manner(z36, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z39) ∧ thing(z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ variable(z40) ∧ :wiki(z40, -) ∧ :name(z40, z41) ∧ name(z41) ∧ :op1(z41, "A") ∧ :ARG2(z0, z42) ∧ thing(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ variable(z43) ∧ :wiki(z43, -) ∧ :name(z43, z44) ∧ name(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, "B") ∧ :ARG3(z0, z45) ∧ ideology(z45))


Chiu: The belief that a person is always morally blameworthy for feeling certain emotions, such as unjustifiable anger, jealousy, or resentment, is misguided. Individuals are responsible for only what is under their control, and whether one feels such an emotion is not always under one' s control.

Question: Chiu's conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is assumed?

Choices:
- The emotions for which a person is most commonly blamed are those that are under that person's control.
- Although a person may sometimes be unjustifiably angry, jealous, or resentful, there are occasions when these emotions are appropriate.
- Individuals do not have control over their actions when they feel certain emotions.
- If a person is morally blameworthy for something, then that person is responsible for it.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :wiki "Chiu_Chee_Heung"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Chiu"))
              :ARG1 (z4 / misguide-01
                        :ARG1 (z5 / believe-01
                                  :ARG1 (z6 / possible-01
                                            :ARG1 (z7 / blame-01
                                                      :ARG1 (z8 / person)
                                                      :ARG2 (z9 / feel-01
                                                                :ARG0 z8
                                                                :ARG1 (z10 / emotion
                                                                           :mod (z11 / certain)
                                                                           :example (z12 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z13 / anger-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z8
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z14 / justify-01
                                                                                :polarity -))
                                                                                :op2 (z15 / jealousy
                                                                                :poss z8)
                                                                                :op3 (z16 / resent-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z8))))
                                                      :ARG1-of (z17 / moral-02)
                                                      :time (z18 / always)))))
              :snt2 (z19 / and
                         :op1 (z20 / responsible-01
                                   :ARG0 (z21 / individual)
                                   :ARG1 (z22 / thing
                                              :ARG1-of (z23 / control-01
                                                            :ARG0 z21)
                                              :mod (z24 / only)))
                         :op2 (z25 / control-01
                                   :polarity -
                                   :ARG0 z21
                                   :ARG1 (z26 / truth-value
                                              :polarity-of (z27 / feel-01
                                                                :ARG0 (z28 / one)
                                                                :ARG1 (z29 / emotion
                                                                           :mod (z30 / such))))
                                   :time (z31 / always)))
              :snt3 (z32 / say-01
                         :ARG0 (z33 / i)
                         :ARG1 (z34 / responsible-01
                                    :ARG0 (z35 / individual)
                                    :ARG1 (z36 / thing
                                               :ARG1-of (z37 / control-01
                                                             :ARG0 z35))))
              :snt4 (z38 / have-concession-91
                         :ARG1 (z39 / responsible-01
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG0 z35
                                    :ARG1 (z40 / feel-01
                                               :ARG0 (z41 / one)
                                               :ARG1 (z42 / emotion
                                                          :mod (z43 / such)))
                                    :time (z44 / always))
                         :ARG2 (z45 / control-01
                                    :ARG0 z35
                                    :ARG1 z40
                                    :ARG1-of (z46 / possible-01
                                                  :polarity -))))
    :ARG0 (z48 / person
               :wiki "Rudy_Chien"
               :name (z49 / name
                          :op1 "Chiu"))
    :ARG1 (z50 / mistreat-01))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Chiu_Chee_Heung") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Chiu") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ misguide-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ believe-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ possible-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ blame-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ person(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z9) ∧ feel-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ emotion(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ certain(z11) ∧ :example(z10, z12) ∧ or(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ anger-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z8) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ justify-01(z14)) ∧ :op2(z12, z15) ∧ jealousy(z15) ∧ :poss(z15, z8) ∧ :op3(z12, z16) ∧ resent-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z7) ∧ moral-02(z17) ∧ :time(z7, z18) ∧ always(z18) ∧ :snt2(z1, z19) ∧ and(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ responsible-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ individual(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z22) ∧ thing(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ control-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z21) ∧ :mod(z22, z24) ∧ only(z24) ∧ ¬(:op2(z19, z25) ∧ control-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z21) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ truth-value(z26) ∧ :polarity(z27, z26) ∧ feel-01(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z28) ∧ one(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z29) ∧ emotion(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z30) ∧ such(z30) ∧ :time(z25, z31) ∧ always(z31)) ∧ :snt3(z1, z32) ∧ say-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ i(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z34) ∧ responsible-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ individual(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z36) ∧ thing(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ control-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z35) ∧ :snt4(z1, z38) ∧ have-concession-91(z38) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ responsible-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ feel-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z41) ∧ one(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z42) ∧ emotion(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ such(z43) ∧ :time(z39, z44) ∧ always(z44)) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z45) ∧ control-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z40) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z46, z45) ∧ possible-01(z46)) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z48) ∧ person(z48) ∧ :wiki(z48, "Rudy_Chien") ∧ :name(z48, z49) ∧ name(z49) ∧ :op1(z49, "Chiu") ∧ :ARG1(z0, z50) ∧ mistreat-01(z50)


Philosopher: An event is intentional if it is a human action performed on the basis of a specific motivation. An event is random if it is not performed on the basis of a specific motivation and it is not explainable by normal physical processes.

Question: Which one of the following inferences conforms most closely to the philosopher's position?

Choices:
- Yasuko continued to breathe regularly throughout the time that she was asleep. This was a human action, but it was not performed on the basis of a specific motivation. Ttherefore, her breathing was a random event.
- Tarik left the keys untouched on the kitchen counter, but he did not do so on the basis of a specific motivation. Ttherefore, the keys' remaining on the kitchen counter was a random event.
- Ellis tore the envelope open in order to read its contents, but the envelope was empty. Nevertheless, because Ellis acted on the basis of a specific motivation, tearing the envelope open was an intentional event.
- Henry lost his hold on the wrench and dropped it because the handle was slippery. This was a human action and is explainable by normal physical processes, so it was an intentional event.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / intend-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / event)
              :condition (z3 / act-02
                             :ARG0 (z4 / human)
                             :ARG1-of (z5 / perform-02
                                          :ARG0 z4
                                          :ARG1-of (z6 / base-02
                                                       :ARG2 (z7 / motivate-01
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z8 / specific-02))))))
    :snt2 (z9 / random
              :domain (z10 / event)
              :condition (z11 / perform-02
                              :polarity -
                              :ARG1 z10
                              :ARG1-of (z12 / base-02
                                            :ARG2 (z13 / motivate-01
                                                       :ARG1-of (z14 / specific-02))))
              :condition (z15 / possible-01
                              :polarity -
                              :ARG1 (z16 / explain-01
                                         :ARG0 (z17 / process-02
                                                    :ARG1 (z18 / physical)
                                                    :ARG1-of (z19 / normal-02))
                                         :ARG1 z10)))
    :snt3 (z20 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z21 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z22 / philosophize-01))
               :ARG1 (z23 / and
                          :op1 (z24 / intend-01
                                    :ARG1 (z25 / event)
                                    :condition (z26 / act-02
                                                    :ARG0 (z27 / human)
                                                    :ARG1-of (z28 / base-02
                                                                  :ARG2 (z29 / motivate-01
                                                                             :ARG1-of (z30 / specific-02)))))
                          :op2 (z31 / have-purpose-91
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 z25
                                    :ARG2 (z32 / process-02
                                               :ARG1 (z33 / physical)
                                               :ARG1-of (z34 / normal-02)))))
    :snt4 (z35 / rate-entity-91
               :ARG1 (z36 / straw)
               :ARG2 (z37 / temporal-quantity
                          :quant 1
                          :unit (z38 / day))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ :condition(z1, z3) ∧ act-02(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z4) ∧ human(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z3) ∧ perform-02(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ base-02(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z7) ∧ motivate-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ specific-02(z8) ∧ intend-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ event(z2) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ ¬(:condition(z9, z15) ∧ possible-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ explain-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ process-02(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ physical(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z17) ∧ normal-02(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z10)) ∧ random(z9) ∧ :domain(z9, z10) ∧ event(z10) ∧ :snt3(z0, z20) ∧ say-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ person(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z21) ∧ philosophize-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z23) ∧ and(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, z24) ∧ :condition(z24, z26) ∧ act-02(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z27) ∧ human(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z26) ∧ base-02(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ motivate-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z29) ∧ specific-02(z30) ∧ intend-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ event(z25) ∧ ¬(:op2(z23, z31) ∧ have-purpose-91(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z25) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z32) ∧ process-02(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ physical(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z32) ∧ normal-02(z34)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z35) ∧ rate-entity-91(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ straw(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z37) ∧ temporal-quantity(z37) ∧ :quant(z37, 1) ∧ :unit(z37, z38) ∧ day(z38)


Requiring that passwords conform to rules of length, complexity, and unpredictability increases the likelihood of someone gaining unauthorized access to a user' s account. Since most user accounts are automatically locked after a certain number of incorrect password guesses, it is usually impossible to gain access by guessing a password. However, because complex passwords can be hard to remember, users often write them down.

Question: The overall conclusion of the argument is strongly supported if which one of the following is assumed?

Choices:
- Passwords that conform to rules of length, complexity, and unpredictability are no harder to guess than passwords that do not conform to such rules.
- When a password is written down, it increases the chances that someone will be able to use that password to gain unauthorized access to the user 's account.
- When users who forget their passwords are locked out of their own accounts, they must often go through a complicated process in order to have their accounts unlocked.
- People who use mnemonic devices to help remember their passwords are able to easily remember passwords that are long, complex, and unpredictable.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / increase-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / require-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / conform-01
                                  :ARG1 (z4 / password)
                                  :ARG2 (z5 / rule-01
                                            :ARG1 (z6 / and
                                                      :op1 (z7 / length)
                                                      :op2 (z8 / complexity)
                                                      :op3 (z9 / possible-01
                                                               :polarity -
                                                               :ARG1 (z10 / predict-01))))))
              :ARG1 (z11 / likelihood
                         :mod (z12 / gain-02
                                   :ARG0 (z13 / someone)
                                   :ARG1 (z14 / access-01
                                              :ARG0 z13
                                              :ARG1 (z15 / account
                                                         :poss (z16 / person
                                                                    :ARG0-of (z17 / use-01)))
                                              :ARG1-of (z18 / authorize-01
                                                            :polarity -)))))
    :snt2 (z19 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z20 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z21 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z22 / hard-02
                                                :ARG1 (z23 / remember-01
                                                           :ARG0 (z24 / person
                                                                      :ARG0-of (z25 / use-01))
                                                           :ARG1 (z26 / password
                                                                      :mod (z27 / complex)))))
                          :ARG1 (z28 / write-01
                                     :ARG0 z24
                                     :ARG1 z26
                                     :frequency (z29 / often)
                                     :ARG1-of (z30 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z31 / possible-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z32 / hard-02
                                                                         :ARG1 (z33 / remember-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z24
                                                                                :ARG1 z26)))))))
    :snt3 (z34 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z35 / gain-02
                          :ARG1 (z36 / access-01)
                          :manner (z37 / guess-01
                                       :ARG1 (z38 / password)))
               :mod (z39 / usual)
               :ARG1-of (z40 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z41 / lock-01
                                        :ARG1 (z42 / account
                                                   :poss (z43 / person
                                                              :ARG0-of (z44 / use-01))
                                                   :quant (z45 / most))
                                        :manner (z46 / automatic)
                                        :time (z47 / after
                                                   :op1 (z48 / guess-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z49 / password)
                                                             :quant (z50 / number
                                                                         :mod (z51 / certain)
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z52 / correct-02
                                                                                :polarity -)))))))
    :snt4 (z53 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z54 / lock-01
                          :ARG1 (z55 / account
                                     :poss (z56 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z57 / use-01))
                                     :quant (z58 / most))
                          :manner (z59 / automatic))
               :ARG1 (z60 / possible-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z61 / gain-02
                                     :ARG1 (z62 / access-01)
                                     :manner (z63 / guess-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z64 / password)))))
    :snt5 (z65 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z66 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z67 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z68 / hard-02
                                                :ARG1 (z69 / remember-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z70 / password
                                                                      :mod (z71 / complex)))))
                          :ARG1 (z72 / write-down-04
                                     :ARG0 (z73 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z74 / use-01))
                                     :ARG1 z70)
                          :frequency (z75 / often))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ increase-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ require-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ conform-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ password(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z5) ∧ rule-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ and(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, z7) ∧ length(z7) ∧ :op2(z6, z8) ∧ complexity(z8) ∧ ¬(:op3(z6, z9) ∧ possible-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ predict-01(z10)) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z11) ∧ likelihood(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ gain-02(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ someone(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z14) ∧ access-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ account(z15) ∧ :poss(z15, z16) ∧ person(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z16) ∧ use-01(z17) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z18, z14) ∧ authorize-01(z18)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ contrast-01(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z20) ∧ cause-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ possible-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ hard-02(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ remember-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ person(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z24) ∧ use-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z26) ∧ password(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ complex(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z28) ∧ write-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z24) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z26) ∧ :frequency(z28, z29) ∧ often(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z28) ∧ cause-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ possible-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ hard-02(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ remember-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z24) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z26) ∧ ¬(:snt3(z0, z34) ∧ possible-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ gain-02(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ access-01(z36) ∧ :manner(z35, z37) ∧ guess-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ password(z38) ∧ :mod(z34, z39) ∧ usual(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z34) ∧ cause-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z41) ∧ lock-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ account(z42) ∧ :poss(z42, z43) ∧ person(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z43) ∧ use-01(z44) ∧ :quant(z42, z45) ∧ most(z45) ∧ :manner(z41, z46) ∧ automatic(z46) ∧ :time(z41, z47) ∧ after(z47) ∧ :op1(z47, z48) ∧ guess-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ password(z49) ∧ :quant(z48, z50) ∧ number(z50) ∧ :mod(z50, z51) ∧ certain(z51) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z52, z50) ∧ correct-02(z52))) ∧ :snt4(z0, z53) ∧ cause-01(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z53, z54) ∧ lock-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ account(z55) ∧ :poss(z55, z56) ∧ person(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z56) ∧ use-01(z57) ∧ :quant(z55, z58) ∧ most(z58) ∧ :manner(z54, z59) ∧ automatic(z59) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z53, z60) ∧ possible-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ gain-02(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z62) ∧ access-01(z62) ∧ :manner(z61, z63) ∧ guess-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ password(z64)) ∧ :snt5(z0, z65) ∧ contrast-01(z65) ∧ :ARG2(z65, z66) ∧ cause-01(z66) ∧ :ARG0(z66, z67) ∧ possible-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ hard-02(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ remember-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ password(z70) ∧ :mod(z70, z71) ∧ complex(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z72) ∧ write-down-04(z72) ∧ :ARG0(z72, z73) ∧ person(z73) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z73) ∧ use-01(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z70) ∧ :frequency(z66, z75) ∧ often(z75)


Feedforward control is future-oriented and its goal is to prevent deviations before they occur.

Question: Which of the following is feedforward control?

Choices:
- Managers can update budgets based on a continuous stream of business data
- Actual expenses incurred are compared with the quarterly budget
- Banks are required to sign a series of documents, memos, and to be approved by their supervisors before making loans
- The monitoring system can track the running index of each machine in real time, so that the manager can correct the error in time

(z0 / and
    :op1 (z1 / orient-01
             :ARG1 (z2 / control-01
                       :ARG1 (z3 / feed-01
                                 :direction (z4 / forward)))
             :ARG2 (z5 / future))
    :op2 (z6 / have-purpose-91
             :ARG1 z2
             :ARG2 (z7 / prevent-01
                       :ARG0 z2
                       :ARG1 (z8 / thing
                                 :ARG1-of (z9 / deviations))
                       :time (z10 / before
                                  :op1 z8)))
    :ARG1-of (z11 / mean-01
                  :ARG2 (z12 / have-purpose-91
                             :ARG1 z2
                             :ARG2 (z13 / prevent-01
                                        :ARG0 z2
                                        :ARG1 z8)))
    :ARG1-of (z14 / orient-01
                  :ARG2 (z15 / future)))

and(z0) ∧ :op1(z0, z1) ∧ orient-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ control-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ feed-01(z3) ∧ :direction(z3, z4) ∧ forward(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z5) ∧ future(z5) ∧ :op2(z0, z6) ∧ have-purpose-91(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z7) ∧ prevent-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ thing(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ deviations(z9) ∧ :time(z7, z10) ∧ before(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z0) ∧ mean-01(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ have-purpose-91(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z13) ∧ prevent-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z0) ∧ orient-01(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ future(z15)


The use of irises to identify airline passengers is actually not new. Why is iris scanning better than other biologically-based ways of identifying fakes, such as fingerprints and face recognition? To put it this way, iris scanning, like all recognition technology, must strike a balance between allowing the wrong person through and stopping the right one. Therefore, the system needs to find as much as possible point of comparison in order to reduce the probability of the first kind of circumstance happening - will imposter wrong considered legitimate users and made him pass smoothly, but also ensure these comparisons are as unique as possible, in order to reduce the chances of getting the latter - misinterpreted as a legitimate user imposter.

Question: Which of the following does not belong to the passage?

Choices:
- Iris recognition technology is already being used to identify airline passengers
- Iris recognition technology is superior to fingerprint recognition technology
- The uniqueness of individual iris makes the iris recognition intelligent card function of passenger identification
- Iris recognition technology is convenient and accurate, which can be widely used in other fields

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / new-01
              :polarity -
              :ARG1 (z2 / use-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / iris)
                        :ARG2 (z4 / identify-01
                                  :ARG0 z3
                                  :ARG1 (z5 / passenger
                                            :mod (z6 / airline))))
              :ARG1-of (z7 / actual-02))
    :snt2 (z8 / cause-01
              :ARG0 (z9 / amr-unknown)
              :ARG1 (z10 / have-degree-91
                         :ARG1 (z11 / scan-01
                                    :ARG1 (z12 / iris))
                         :ARG2 (z13 / good-02
                                    :ARG1 z11)
                         :ARG3 (z14 / more)
                         :ARG4 (z15 / way
                                    :ARG1-of (z16 / base-02
                                                  :ARG2 (z17 / biology))
                                    :mod (z18 / other)
                                    :instrument-of (z19 / identify-01
                                                        :ARG1 (z20 / fake-01))
                                    :example (z21 / and
                                                  :op1 (z22 / finger)
                                                  :op2 (z23 / recognize-02
                                                            :ARG1 (z24 / face))))))
    :snt3 (z25 / obligate-01
               :ARG1 (z26 / strike-01
                          :ARG0 (z27 / scan-01
                                     :ARG1 (z28 / iris)
                                     :ARG1-of (z29 / resemble-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z30 / technology
                                                              :ARG0-of (z31 / recognize-02)
                                                              :mod (z32 / all))))
                          :ARG2 (z33 / balance-01
                                     :ARG1 (z34 / allow-01
                                                :ARG1 (z35 / person
                                                           :ARG1-of (z36 / wrong-02)))
                                     :ARG2 (z37 / stop-01
                                                :ARG1 (z38 / person
                                                           :ARG1-of (z39 / right-03))))
                          :ARG1-of (z40 / mean-01
                                        :ARG2 (z41 / contrast-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z42 / and
                                                              :op1 (z43 / consider-02
                                                                        :ARG0 (z44 / person
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z45 / wrong-04)
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z46 / imposter-01))
                                                                        :ARG1 (z47 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z48 / use-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z49 / legitimate-02))))
                                                              :op2 (z50 / make-02
                                                                        :ARG0 z44
                                                                        :ARG1 (z51 / pass-03
                                                                                :ARG1 z47
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z52 / smooth-04))))
                                                   :ARG2 (z53 / ensure-01
                                                              :ARG0 z44
                                                              :ARG1 (z54 / have-degree-91
                                                                         :ARG1 (z55 / compare-01
                                                                                :mod (z56 / this))
                                                                         :ARG2 (z57 / unique-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z55)
                                                                         :ARG3 (z58 / equal)
                                                                         :ARG4 (z59 / possible-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z55)
                                                                         :purpose (z60 / reduce-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z44
                                                                                :ARG1 (z61 / probability
                                                                                :mod (z62 / circumstance
                                                                                :mod (z63 / kind
                                                                                :ord (z64 / ordinal-entity
                                                                                :value 1))))))))))
               :snt4 (z65 / put-02
                          :ARG1 (z66 / way
                                     :mod (z67 / this)))
               :snt5 (z68 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z69 / amr-unknown)
                          :ARG1 (z70 / obligate-01
                                     :ARG1 (z71 / strike-01
                                                :ARG0 (z72 / scan-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z73 / iris)
                                                           :ARG1-of (z74 / resemble-01
                                                                         :ARG2 (z75 / technology
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z76 / recognize-02)
                                                                                :mod (z77 / all))))
                                                :ARG1 (z78 / balance-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z79 / and
                                                                      :op1 (z80 / allow-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z81 / enter-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z82 / person
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z83 / wrong-02)
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z84 / imposter-01))
                                                                                :ARG1 (z85 / through)))
                                                                      :op2 (z86 / stop-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z87 / person
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z88 / right-03)
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z89 / enter-01))))))))
               :snt6 (z90 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z91 / amr-unknown)
                          :ARG1 (z92 / need-01
                                     :ARG0 (z93 / system)
                                     :ARG1 (z94 / find-01
                                                :ARG0 z73
                                                :ARG1 (z95 / have-degree-91
                                                           :ARG1 (z96 / point
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z97 / compare-01)
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z1000 / possible-01)
                                                                      :quant (z1001 / much)))
                                                :purpose (z1002 / reduce-01
                                                                :ARG0 z73
                                                                :ARG1 (z1003 / possible-01
                                                                             :ARG1 (z1004 / reduce-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z73
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1005 / circumstance
                                                                                :mod (z1006 / kind
                                                                                :ord (z1007 / ordinal-entity
                                                                                :value 1)
                                                                                :mod (z1008 / circumstance))))))))
                          :snt7 (z1009 / cause-01
                                       :ARG1 (z1010 / contrast-01
                                                    :ARG1 (z1011 / and
                                                                 :op1 (z1012 / consider-02
                                                                             :ARG0 (z1013 / person
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1014 / wrong-04)
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z1015 / imposter-01))
                                                                             :ARG1 (z1016 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z1017 / use-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1018 / legitimate-02))))
                                                                 :op2 (z1019 / make-02
                                                                             :ARG0 z1013
                                                                             :ARG1 (z1020 / pass-03
                                                                                :ARG1 z1016
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1021 / smooth-04)))))
                                       :ARG2 (z1022 / ensure-01
                                                    :ARG0 z1013
                                                    :ARG1 (z1023 / have-degree-91
                                                                 :ARG1 (z1024 / compare-01
                                                                              :mod (z1025 / this)
                                                                              :ARG1-of (z1026 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1027 / unique-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z1024)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1028 / equal)
                                                                                :ARG4 (z1029 / possible-01))))
                                                    :purpose (z1030 / reduce-01
                                                                    :ARG0 z1013
                                                                    :ARG1 (z1031 / chance-02
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1032 / get-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z1013
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1033 / latter
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1034 / misinterpret-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1035 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z1036 / imposter-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1037 / use-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1038 / legitimate-02)))
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1039 / misinterpret-01))))))))))
               :snt8 (z1040 / put-02
                            :ARG1 (z1041 / way
                                         :mod (z98 / this))))
    :snt9 (z99 / put-02
               :ARG1 (z100 / put-01
                           :ARG1 (z101 / it)
                           :ARG2 (z102 / way
                                       :mod (z103 / this)))))


Everyone has his own fun. A master once said: the only thing I can do outside my work and basic life is reading.

Question: So:

Choices:
- The reason why masters become masters is that they are different from ordinary people. They spend all their time on learning, so they have made achievements different from ordinary people
- In fact, masters have their own fun. The reason for this is to call on young people to develop the habit of reading through their own influence
- Master wants to establish an image of learning and studying in front of the public, and hide his personal hobbies
- For a master, reading is his pleasure

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-03
              :ARG0 (z2 / everyone)
              :ARG1 (z3 / fun-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / own-01
                                     :ARG0 z2)))
    :snt2 (z5 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z6 / master)
              :ARG1 (z7 / possible-01
                        :ARG1 (z8 / do-02
                                  :ARG0 (z9 / i)
                                  :ARG1 (z10 / read-01
                                             :ARG0 z9
                                             :mod (z11 / only))
                                  :location (z12 / outside
                                                 :op1 (z13 / and
                                                           :op1 (z14 / work-01
                                                                     :ARG0 z9)
                                                           :op2 (z15 / life
                                                                     :mod (z16 / basic)
                                                                     :poss z9)))))
              :time (z17 / once))
    :snt3 (z18 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z19 / read-01
                          :ARG0 (z20 / you))
               :direction (z21 / out)))