Last year, Mayor Stephens established a special law-enforcement task force with the avowed mission of eradicating corruption in city government. The mayor' s handpicked task force has now begun prosecuting a dozen city officials. Since all of these officials were appointed by Mayor Bixby, Mayor Stephens' predecessor and longtime political foe, it is clear that those being prosecuted have been targeted because of their political affiliations.

Question: Which of the following, if true, most weakens the editorial's argument?

Choices:
- Complaints of official corruption in city government have decreased since the anticorruption task force began operating.
- Almost all of the officials who have served in city government for any length of time are appointees of Mayor Bixby.
- Former mayor Bixby did not publicly oppose Mayor Stephens' establishment of the anticorruption task force.
- All of the members of the anticorruption task force had other jobs in city government before the task force was formed.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / establish-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :wiki "John_R._Stephens"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Stephens")
                        :ARG0-of (z4 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / mayor)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / force
                        :ARG2-of (z7 / task-01)
                        :ARG0-of (z8 / enforce-01
                                     :ARG1 (z9 / law))
                        :ARG1-of (z10 / special-02)
                        :ARG0-of (z11 / have-03
                                      :ARG1 (z12 / mission-01
                                                 :ARG0 z6
                                                 :ARG1 (z13 / eradicate-01
                                                            :ARG0 z6
                                                            :ARG1 (z14 / corrupt-01
                                                                       :location (z15 / government-organization
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z16 / govern-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z17 / city)))))
                                                 :mod (z18 / avowed))))
              :time (z19 / year
                         :mod (z20 / last)))
    :snt2 (z21 / begin-01
               :ARG0 (z22 / force
                          :ARG2-of (z23 / task-01)
                          :ARG1-of (z24 / pick-01
                                        :ARG0 (z25 / person
                                                   :ARG0-of (z26 / have-org-role-91
                                                                 :ARG2 (z27 / mayor)))
                                        :manner (z28 / hand)))
               :ARG1 (z29 / prosecute-01
                          :ARG0 z22
                          :ARG1 (z30 / person
                                     :quant 12
                                     :ARG0-of (z31 / have-org-role-91
                                                   :ARG1 (z32 / city)
                                                   :ARG2 (z33 / official))))
               :time (z34 / now))
    :snt3 (z35 / clear-06
               :ARG1 (z36 / target-01
                          :ARG1 (z37 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z38 / prosecute-01)
                                     :mod (z39 / this))
                          :ARG1-of (z40 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z41 / affiliate-01
                                                   :ARG1 z37
                                                   :ARG2 (z42 / politics))))
               :ARG1-of (z43 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z44 / appoint-01
                                        :ARG0 (z45 / person
                                                   :wiki "Bill_Bixby"
                                                   :name (z46 / name
                                                              :op1 "Bixby")
                                                   :ARG0-of (z47 / have-org-role-91
                                                                 :ARG2 (z48 / mayor))
                                                   :ARG2-of (z49 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                 :ARG1 (z50 / person
                                                                            :wiki "John_R._Stephens"
                                                                            :name (z51 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Stephens")
                                                                            :ARG0-of (z52 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z53 / predecessor))
                                                                            :ARG0-of (z54 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                                :ARG1 z53
                                                                                :ARG2 (z55 / foe
                                                                                :mod (z56 / politics)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z57 / long-03))))
                                                                 :ARG3 (z58 / foe
                                                                            :mod (z59 / politics))))
                                        :ARG1 z37
                                        :ARG2 (z60 / all)))
               :ARG1-of (z61 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z62 / affiliate-01
                                        :ARG1 z37
                                        :ARG2 z42))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ establish-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "John_R._Stephens") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Stephens") ∧ :ARG0(z4, z2) ∧ have-org-role-91(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ mayor(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ force(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z6) ∧ task-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z6) ∧ enforce-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ law(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z6) ∧ special-02(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z6) ∧ have-03(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ mission-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z6) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ eradicate-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z6) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ corrupt-01(z14) ∧ :location(z14, z15) ∧ government-organization(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z15) ∧ govern-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ city(z17) ∧ :mod(z12, z18) ∧ avowed(z18) ∧ :time(z1, z19) ∧ year(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ last(z20) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ begin-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ force(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z22) ∧ task-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z22) ∧ pick-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z25) ∧ person(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z25) ∧ have-org-role-91(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z27) ∧ mayor(z27) ∧ :manner(z24, z28) ∧ hand(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z29) ∧ prosecute-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z22) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ person(z30) ∧ :quant(z30, 12) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z30) ∧ have-org-role-91(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ city(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z33) ∧ official(z33) ∧ :time(z21, z34) ∧ now(z34) ∧ :snt3(z0, z35) ∧ clear-06(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ target-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ person(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z37) ∧ prosecute-01(z38) ∧ :mod(z37, z39) ∧ this(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z36) ∧ cause-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z41) ∧ affiliate-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z37) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ politics(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z35) ∧ cause-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z44) ∧ appoint-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z45) ∧ person(z45) ∧ :wiki(z45, "Bill_Bixby") ∧ :name(z45, z46) ∧ name(z46) ∧ :op1(z46, "Bixby") ∧ :ARG0(z47, z45) ∧ have-org-role-91(z47) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z48) ∧ mayor(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z49, z45) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ person(z50) ∧ :wiki(z50, "John_R._Stephens") ∧ :name(z50, z51) ∧ name(z51) ∧ :op1(z51, "Stephens") ∧ :ARG0(z52, z50) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z53) ∧ predecessor(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z54, z50) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z53) ∧ :ARG2(z54, z55) ∧ foe(z55) ∧ :mod(z55, z56) ∧ politics(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z55) ∧ long-03(z57) ∧ :ARG3(z49, z58) ∧ foe(z58) ∧ :mod(z58, z59) ∧ politics(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z37) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z60) ∧ all(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z35) ∧ cause-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z62) ∧ affiliate-01(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z37) ∧ :ARG2(z62, z42)


On May 4, 2015, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued a document that the tobacco consumption tax was increased from 5% to 11% and the specific tax was increased. Some experts believe that the linkage between tax and price will increase the price of cigarettes with the increase of tax rate and reduce the number of people buying cigarettes. From the perspective of tobacco control, this is undoubtedly a good thing.

Question: Which of the following, if true, weakens the above conclusion?

Choices:
- If the output is not affected by the selling price
- The increase of income level makes people less sensitive to the price of cigarettes
- The tobacco consumption tax rate in most countries in the world is less than 11%
- Some developed countries have seen the proliferation of private cigarettes after increasing tobacco consumption tax

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / issue-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / and
                        :op1 (z3 / government-organization
                                 :wiki "Ministry_of_Finance_(R3000 / Romania)"
                                 :name (z4 / name
                                           :op1 "Ministry"
                                           :op2 "of"
                                           :op3 "Finance"))
                        :op2 (z5 / government-organization
                                 :wiki -
                                 :name (z6 / name
                                           :op1 "State"
                                           :op2 "Administration"
                                           :op3 "of"
                                           :op4 "Taxation")))
              :ARG1 (z7 / document
                        :topic (z8 / and
                                   :op1 (z9 / increase-01
                                            :ARG1 (z10 / tax-01
                                                       :ARG3 (z11 / consume-01
                                                                  :ARG1 (z12 / tobacco)))
                                            :ARG3 (z13 / percentage-entity
                                                       :value 5)
                                            :ARG4 (z14 / percentage-entity
                                                       :value 11))
                                   :op2 (z15 / increase-01
                                             :ARG1 (z16 / tax-01
                                                        :ARG1-of (z17 / specific-02)))))
              :time (z18 / date-entity
                         :day 4
                         :month 5
                         :year 2015))
    :snt2 (z19 / multi-sentence
               :snt1 (z20 / issue-01
                          :ARG0 (z21 / and
                                     :op1 (z22 / government-organization
                                               :wiki "Ministry_of_Finance_(R3001 / Romania)"
                                               :name (z23 / name
                                                          :op1 "Ministry"
                                                          :op2 "of"
                                                          :op3 "Finance"))
                                     :op2 (z24 / government-organization
                                               :wiki "State_Administration_of_Taxation"
                                               :name (z25 / name
                                                          :op1 "State"
                                                          :op2 "Administration"
                                                          :op3 "of"
                                                          :op4 "Taxation")))
                          :ARG1 (z26 / document
                                     :topic (z27 / and
                                                 :op1 (z28 / increase-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z29 / tax-01
                                                                      :ARG3 (z30 / consume-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z31 / tobacco)))
                                                           :ARG3 (z32 / percentage-entity
                                                                      :value 5)
                                                           :ARG4 (z33 / percentage-entity
                                                                      :value 11))
                                                 :op2 (z34 / increase-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z35 / tax-01
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z36 / specific-02)))))
                          :time (z37 / date-entity
                                     :day 4
                                     :month 5
                                     :year 2015))
               :snt3 (z38 / believe-01
                          :ARG0 (z39 / person
                                     :ARG1-of (z40 / expert-01)
                                     :quant (z41 / some))
                          :ARG1 (z42 / and
                                     :op1 (z43 / increase-01
                                               :ARG0 (z44 / increase-01
                                                          :ARG1 (z45 / rate
                                                                     :mod (z46 / tax-01)))
                                               :ARG1 (z47 / price-01
                                                          :ARG1 (z48 / cigarette)))
                                     :op2 (z49 / reduce-01
                                               :ARG0 z44
                                               :ARG1 (z50 / number
                                                          :quant-of (z51 / person
                                                                         :ARG0-of (z52 / buy-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z53 / cigarette)))))
                                     :condition (z54 / link-01
                                                     :ARG1 (z55 / tax-01)
                                                     :ARG2 (z56 / price-01))))
               :snt4 (z57 / doubt-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z58 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z59 / good-02)
                                     :domain (z60 / this))
                          :prep-from (z61 / perspective
                                          :mod (z62 / control-01
                                                    :ARG1 (z63 / tobacco))))
               :snt5 (z64 / sure-02
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z65 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z66 / good-02)
                                     :domain (z67 / this))
                          :prep-from (z68 / perspective
                                          :mod (z69 / tobacco))))
    :ARG1 (z71 / date-entity
               :day 4
               :month 5
               :year 2015)
    :ARG4 (z72 / lunch-01))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ issue-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ and(z2) ∧ :op1(z2, z3) ∧ government-organization(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, "Ministry_of_Finance_(R3000 / Romania)") ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "Ministry") ∧ :op2(z4, "of") ∧ :op3(z4, "Finance") ∧ :op2(z2, z5) ∧ government-organization(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, -) ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "State") ∧ :op2(z6, "Administration") ∧ :op3(z6, "of") ∧ :op4(z6, "Taxation") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z7) ∧ document(z7) ∧ :topic(z7, z8) ∧ and(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ increase-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ tax-01(z10) ∧ :ARG3(z10, z11) ∧ consume-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ tobacco(z12) ∧ :ARG3(z9, z13) ∧ percentage-entity(z13) ∧ :value(z13, 5) ∧ :ARG4(z9, z14) ∧ percentage-entity(z14) ∧ :value(z14, 11) ∧ :op2(z8, z15) ∧ increase-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ tax-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z16) ∧ specific-02(z17) ∧ :time(z1, z18) ∧ date-entity(z18) ∧ :day(z18, 4) ∧ :month(z18, 5) ∧ :year(z18, 2015) ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ multi-sentence(z19) ∧ :snt1(z19, z20) ∧ issue-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ and(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ government-organization(z22) ∧ :wiki(z22, "Ministry_of_Finance_(R3001 / Romania)") ∧ :name(z22, z23) ∧ name(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, "Ministry") ∧ :op2(z23, "of") ∧ :op3(z23, "Finance") ∧ :op2(z21, z24) ∧ government-organization(z24) ∧ :wiki(z24, "State_Administration_of_Taxation") ∧ :name(z24, z25) ∧ name(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, "State") ∧ :op2(z25, "Administration") ∧ :op3(z25, "of") ∧ :op4(z25, "Taxation") ∧ :ARG1(z20, z26) ∧ document(z26) ∧ :topic(z26, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ increase-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ tax-01(z29) ∧ :ARG3(z29, z30) ∧ consume-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ tobacco(z31) ∧ :ARG3(z28, z32) ∧ percentage-entity(z32) ∧ :value(z32, 5) ∧ :ARG4(z28, z33) ∧ percentage-entity(z33) ∧ :value(z33, 11) ∧ :op2(z27, z34) ∧ increase-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ tax-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z35) ∧ specific-02(z36) ∧ :time(z20, z37) ∧ date-entity(z37) ∧ :day(z37, 4) ∧ :month(z37, 5) ∧ :year(z37, 2015) ∧ :snt3(z19, z38) ∧ believe-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ person(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z39) ∧ expert-01(z40) ∧ :quant(z39, z41) ∧ some(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z42) ∧ :condition(z42, z54) ∧ link-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ tax-01(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z54, z56) ∧ price-01(z56) ∧ and(z42) ∧ :op1(z42, z43) ∧ increase-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z44) ∧ increase-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ rate(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ tax-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z47) ∧ price-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ cigarette(z48) ∧ :op2(z42, z49) ∧ reduce-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z44) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ number(z50) ∧ :quant(z51, z50) ∧ person(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z51) ∧ buy-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ cigarette(z53) ∧ ¬(:snt4(z19, z57) ∧ doubt-01(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ thing(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z58) ∧ good-02(z59) ∧ :domain(z58, z60) ∧ this(z60) ∧ :prep-from(z57, z61) ∧ perspective(z61) ∧ :mod(z61, z62) ∧ control-01(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ tobacco(z63)) ∧ ¬(:snt5(z19, z64) ∧ sure-02(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ thing(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z65) ∧ good-02(z66) ∧ :domain(z65, z67) ∧ this(z67) ∧ :prep-from(z64, z68) ∧ perspective(z68) ∧ :mod(z68, z69) ∧ tobacco(z69)) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z71) ∧ date-entity(z71) ∧ :day(z71, 4) ∧ :month(z71, 5) ∧ :year(z71, 2015) ∧ :ARG4(z0, z72) ∧ lunch-01(z72)


It's impossible for all the witnesses to tell the truth.

Question: If the above proposition is true, which of the following propositions must be true?

Choices:
- All the witnesses must not tell the truth.
- Some witnesses tell the truth.
- Some witnesses don't tell the truth.
- Witnesses in criminal cases tell the truth.

(z0 / possible-01
    :polarity -
    :ARG1 (z1 / tell-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / witness-01)
                        :mod (z4 / all))
              :ARG1 (z5 / truth)))

¬(possible-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ tell-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ witness-01(z3) ∧ :mod(z2, z4) ∧ all(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ truth(z5))


There are about 75 brands of microwave popcorn on the market; altogether, they account for a little over half of the money from sales of microwave food products. It takes three minutes to pop corn in the microwave, compared to seven minutes to pop corn conventionally. Yet by weight, microwave popcorn typically costs over five times as much as conventional popcorn. Judging by the popularity of microwave popcorn, many people are willing to pay a high price for just a little additional convenience.

Question: If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true?

Choices:
- More money is spent on microwave food products that take three minutes or less to cook than on microwave food products that take longer to cook.
- No single brand of microwave popcorn accounts for a large share of microwave food product sales.
- There are more brands of microwave popcorn on the market than there are of any other microwave food product.
- Of the total number of microwave food products on the market, most are microwave popcorn products.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / market-01
                       :ARG1 (z3 / brand
                                 :mod (z4 / popcorn
                                          :mod (z5 / microwave))
                                 :quant (z6 / about
                                            :op1 75)))
              :op2 (z7 / account-01
                       :ARG0 z3
                       :ARG1 (z8 / money
                                 :ARG1-of (z9 / include-91
                                              :ARG2 (z10 / money
                                                         :source (z11 / sell-01
                                                                      :ARG1 (z12 / product
                                                                                :mod (z13 / food
                                                                                :mod z5))))
                                              :ARG3 (z14 / over
                                                         :op1 (z15 / half
                                                                   :mod (z16 / little)))))
                       :manner (z17 / altogether)))
    :snt2 (z18 / take-10
               :ARG0 (z19 / pop-04
                          :ARG1 (z20 / corn)
                          :instrument (z21 / microwave))
               :ARG1 (z22 / temporal-quantity
                          :quant 3
                          :unit (z23 / minute)
                          :ARG1-of (z24 / compare-01
                                        :ARG2 (z25 / temporal-quantity
                                                   :quant 7
                                                   :unit (z26 / minute)
                                                   :duration-of (z27 / pop-04
                                                                     :ARG1 z20
                                                                     :manner (z28 / conventional))))))
    :snt3 (z29 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z30 / cost-01
                          :ARG1 (z31 / popcorn
                                     :mod (z32 / microwave))
                          :ARG2 (z33 / over
                                     :op1 (z34 / have-quant-91
                                               :ARG1 z31
                                               :ARG3 (z35 / times
                                                          :quant 5)
                                               :ARG4 (z36 / popcorn
                                                          :mod (z37 / conventional))))
                          :ARG1-of (z38 / typical-02)
                          :manner (z39 / weight)))
    :snt4 (z40 / judge-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / will-02
                          :ARG0 (z42 / person
                                     :quant (z43 / many))
                          :ARG1 (z44 / pay-01
                                     :ARG0 z42
                                     :ARG1 (z45 / price
                                                :ARG1-of (z46 / high-02))
                                     :ARG3 (z47 / convenience
                                                :ARG1-of (z48 / add-02
                                                              :mod (z49 / little
                                                                        :mod (z50 / additional))
                                                              :mod (z51 / just))))
                          :ARG1-of (z52 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z53 / popularity
                                                   :poss (z54 / popcorn
                                                              :mod (z55 / microwave))))))
    :snt5 (z56 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z57 / take-10
                          :ARG0 (z58 / pop-04
                                     :ARG1 (z59 / corn)
                                     :instrument (z60 / microwave))
                          :ARG1 (z61 / temporal-quantity
                                     :quant 7
                                     :unit (z62 / minute)
                                     :ARG1-of (z63 / compare-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z64 / pop-04
                                                              :ARG1 z59
                                                              :manner (z65 / conventional)))))
               :ARG2 (z66 / take-10
                          :ARG0 (z67 / snap-04
                                     :ARG1 (z68 / snap-04
                                                :ARG1 (z69 / corn)
                                                :instrument (z70 / microwave)))
                          :ARG1 (z71 / temporal-quantity
                                     :quant 1
                                     :unit (z72 / minute))))
    :snt6 (z73 / account-01
               :ARG0 (z74 / they)
               :ARG1 (z75 / money
                          :ARG1-of (z76 / include-91
                                        :ARG2 (z77 / money
                                                   :ARG1-of (z78 / include-91
                                                                 :ARG2 (z79 / money
                                                                            :source (z80 / sell-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z81 / product
                                                                                :mod (z82 / food
                                                                                :mod (z83 / microwave))))
                                                                            :ARG3 (z84 / over
                                                                                :op1 (z85 / half)))))))
               :snt7 (z86 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z87 / cost-01
                                     :ARG1 (z88 / popcorn
                                                :mod (z89 / microwave))
                                     :ARG2 (z90 / over
                                                :op1 (z91 / have-quant-91
                                                          :ARG1 z67
                                                          :ARG3 (z92 / times
                                                                     :quant (z93 / over
                                                                                :op1 5))
                                                          :ARG4 (z94 / have-quant-91
                                                                     :ARG1 z67
                                                                     :ARG3 (z95 / equal)
                                                                     :ARG4 (z96 / popcorn
                                                                                :mod (z97 / conventional)))))))
               :snt8 (z98 / will-02
                          :ARG0 (z99 / person
                                     :quant (z100 / many))
                          :ARG1 (z101 / pay-01
                                      :ARG0 z99
                                      :ARG1 (z102 / price
                                                  :ARG1-of (z103 / high-02))
                                      :ARG3 (z104 / convenience
                                                  :ARG1-of (z105 / add-02
                                                                 :mod (z1000 / little)
                                                                 :mod (z1001 / additional)))))
               :snt9 (z1002 / have-concession-91
                            :ARG1 (z1003 / take-10
                                         :ARG0 (z1004 / pop-04
                                                      :ARG1 (z1005 / corn)
                                                      :medium (z1006 / microwave))
                                         :ARG2 (z1007 / temporal-quantity
                                                      :quant 1
                                                      :unit (z1008 / minute))))
               :snt10 (z1009 / have-concession-91
                             :ARG1 (z1010 / take-10
                                          :ARG0 (z1011 / pop-04
                                                       :ARG1 (z1012 / corn)
                                                       :medium (z1013 / microwave))
                                          :ARG2 (z1014 / temporal-quantity
                                                       :quant 1
                                                       :unit (z1015 / minute))))
               :snt11 (z1016 / have-concession-91
                             :ARG1 (z1017 / take-10
                                          :ARG0 (z1018 / pop-04
                                                       :ARG1 (z1019 / corn)
                                                       :medium (z1020 / microwave))
                                          :ARG2 (z1021 / temporal-quantity
                                                       :quant 1
                                                       :unit (z1022 / minute)))
                             :prep-for (z1023 / pop-04
                                              :ARG1 (z1024 / popcorn
                                                           :mod (z106 / conventional))))
               :prep-for (z107 / pop-04
                               :ARG1 (z1025 / popcorn
                                            :mod (z1026 / microwave)))
               :prep-against (z1027 / pop-04
                                    :ARG1 (z1028 / popcorn
                                                 :mod (z1029 / conventional)))
               :prep-for (z1030 / pop-04
                                :ARG1 (z1031 / popcorn)
                                :prep-in (z1032 / microwave))
               :prep-by (z1033 / pop-04
                               :ARG1 (z1034 / popcorn)
                               :prep-by (z1035 / weight)
                               :prep-by (z1036 / pop-04))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ market-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ brand(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ popcorn(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ microwave(z5) ∧ :quant(z3, z6) ∧ about(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, 75) ∧ :op2(z1, z7) ∧ account-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ money(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ include-91(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z10) ∧ money(z10) ∧ :source(z10, z11) ∧ sell-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ product(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ food(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z5) ∧ :ARG3(z9, z14) ∧ over(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, z15) ∧ half(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ little(z16) ∧ :manner(z7, z17) ∧ altogether(z17) ∧ :snt2(z0, z18) ∧ take-10(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ pop-04(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ corn(z20) ∧ :instrument(z19, z21) ∧ microwave(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z22) ∧ temporal-quantity(z22) ∧ :quant(z22, 3) ∧ :unit(z22, z23) ∧ minute(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z22) ∧ compare-01(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ temporal-quantity(z25) ∧ :quant(z25, 7) ∧ :unit(z25, z26) ∧ minute(z26) ∧ :duration(z27, z25) ∧ pop-04(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z20) ∧ :manner(z27, z28) ∧ conventional(z28) ∧ :snt3(z0, z29) ∧ have-concession-91(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ cost-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ popcorn(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ microwave(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z33) ∧ over(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, z34) ∧ have-quant-91(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z31) ∧ :ARG3(z34, z35) ∧ times(z35) ∧ :quant(z35, 5) ∧ :ARG4(z34, z36) ∧ popcorn(z36) ∧ :mod(z36, z37) ∧ conventional(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z30) ∧ typical-02(z38) ∧ :manner(z30, z39) ∧ weight(z39) ∧ :snt4(z0, z40) ∧ judge-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ will-02(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z42) ∧ person(z42) ∧ :quant(z42, z43) ∧ many(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z44) ∧ pay-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z42) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ price(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z45) ∧ high-02(z46) ∧ :ARG3(z44, z47) ∧ convenience(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z47) ∧ add-02(z48) ∧ :mod(z48, z49) ∧ little(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ additional(z50) ∧ :mod(z48, z51) ∧ just(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z41) ∧ cause-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ popularity(z53) ∧ :poss(z53, z54) ∧ popcorn(z54) ∧ :mod(z54, z55) ∧ microwave(z55) ∧ :snt5(z0, z56) ∧ have-concession-91(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ take-10(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z58) ∧ pop-04(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ corn(z59) ∧ :instrument(z58, z60) ∧ microwave(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z61) ∧ temporal-quantity(z61) ∧ :quant(z61, 7) ∧ :unit(z61, z62) ∧ minute(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z61) ∧ compare-01(z63) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z64) ∧ pop-04(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z59) ∧ :manner(z64, z65) ∧ conventional(z65) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z66) ∧ take-10(z66) ∧ :ARG0(z66, z67) ∧ snap-04(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ snap-04(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ corn(z69) ∧ :instrument(z68, z70) ∧ microwave(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z71) ∧ temporal-quantity(z71) ∧ :quant(z71, 1) ∧ :unit(z71, z72) ∧ minute(z72) ∧ :snt6(z0, z73) ∧ account-01(z73) ∧ :ARG0(z73, z74) ∧ they(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z75) ∧ money(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z75) ∧ include-91(z76) ∧ :ARG2(z76, z77) ∧ money(z77) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z77) ∧ include-91(z78) ∧ :ARG2(z78, z79) ∧ money(z79) ∧ :source(z79, z80) ∧ sell-01(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z81) ∧ product(z81) ∧ :mod(z81, z82) ∧ food(z82) ∧ :mod(z82, z83) ∧ microwave(z83) ∧ :ARG3(z79, z84) ∧ over(z84) ∧ :op1(z84, z85) ∧ half(z85) ∧ :snt7(z73, z86) ∧ have-concession-91(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z87) ∧ cost-01(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ popcorn(z88) ∧ :mod(z88, z89) ∧ microwave(z89) ∧ :ARG2(z87, z90) ∧ over(z90) ∧ :op1(z90, z91) ∧ have-quant-91(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z67) ∧ :ARG3(z91, z92) ∧ times(z92) ∧ :quant(z92, z93) ∧ over(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, 5) ∧ :ARG4(z91, z94) ∧ have-quant-91(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z67) ∧ :ARG3(z94, z95) ∧ equal(z95) ∧ :ARG4(z94, z96) ∧ popcorn(z96) ∧ :mod(z96, z97) ∧ conventional(z97) ∧ :snt8(z73, z98) ∧ will-02(z98) ∧ :ARG0(z98, z99) ∧ person(z99) ∧ :quant(z99, z100) ∧ many(z100) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z101) ∧ pay-01(z101) ∧ :ARG0(z101, z99) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ price(z102) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z102) ∧ high-02(z103) ∧ :ARG3(z101, z104) ∧ convenience(z104) ∧ :ARG1(z105, z104) ∧ add-02(z105) ∧ :mod(z105, z1000) ∧ little(z1000) ∧ :mod(z105, z1001) ∧ additional(z1001) ∧ :snt9(z73, z1002) ∧ have-concession-91(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z1003) ∧ take-10(z1003) ∧ :ARG0(z1003, z1004) ∧ pop-04(z1004) ∧ :ARG1(z1004, z1005) ∧ corn(z1005) ∧ :medium(z1004, z1006) ∧ microwave(z1006) ∧ :ARG2(z1003, z1007) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1007) ∧ :quant(z1007, 1) ∧ :unit(z1007, z1008) ∧ minute(z1008) ∧ :snt10(z73, z1009) ∧ have-concession-91(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1010) ∧ take-10(z1010) ∧ :ARG0(z1010, z1011) ∧ pop-04(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z1012) ∧ corn(z1012) ∧ :medium(z1011, z1013) ∧ microwave(z1013) ∧ :ARG2(z1010, z1014) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1014) ∧ :quant(z1014, 1) ∧ :unit(z1014, z1015) ∧ minute(z1015) ∧ :snt11(z73, z1016) ∧ have-concession-91(z1016) ∧ :ARG1(z1016, z1017) ∧ take-10(z1017) ∧ :ARG0(z1017, z1018) ∧ pop-04(z1018) ∧ :ARG1(z1018, z1019) ∧ corn(z1019) ∧ :medium(z1018, z1020) ∧ microwave(z1020) ∧ :ARG2(z1017, z1021) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1021) ∧ :quant(z1021, 1) ∧ :unit(z1021, z1022) ∧ minute(z1022) ∧ :prep-for(z1016, z1023) ∧ pop-04(z1023) ∧ :ARG1(z1023, z1024) ∧ popcorn(z1024) ∧ :mod(z1024, z106) ∧ conventional(z106) ∧ :prep-for(z73, z107) ∧ pop-04(z107) ∧ :ARG1(z107, z1025) ∧ popcorn(z1025) ∧ :mod(z1025, z1026) ∧ microwave(z1026) ∧ :prep-against(z73, z1027) ∧ pop-04(z1027) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1028) ∧ popcorn(z1028) ∧ :mod(z1028, z1029) ∧ conventional(z1029) ∧ :prep-for(z73, z1030) ∧ pop-04(z1030) ∧ :ARG1(z1030, z1031) ∧ popcorn(z1031) ∧ :prep-in(z1030, z1032) ∧ microwave(z1032) ∧ :prep-by(z73, z1033) ∧ pop-04(z1033) ∧ :ARG1(z1033, z1034) ∧ popcorn(z1034) ∧ :prep-by(z1033, z1035) ∧ weight(z1035) ∧ :prep-by(z1033, z1036) ∧ pop-04(z1036)


University president: We will be forced to reduce spending next year if we do not increase our enrollment. So, if we are to maintain the quality of the education we provide, we must market our programs more aggressively. Without such marketing we will be unable to increase our enrollment.

Question: The conclusion of the university president's argument can be properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

Choices:
- The university will not maintain the quality of the education it provides if it reduces spending next year.
- The university will not need to reduce spending next year if it increases its enrollment.
- The university will not need to reduce spending next year if it markets its programs more aggressively.
- The university will not maintain the quality of the education it provides if it increases its enrollment.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / university)
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / president)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / force-01
                        :ARG1 (z7 / we)
                        :ARG2 (z8 / reduce-01
                                  :ARG0 z7
                                  :ARG1 (z9 / spend-01)
                                  :time (z10 / year
                                             :mod (z11 / next)))
                        :condition (z12 / increase-01
                                        :polarity -
                                        :ARG0 z7
                                        :ARG1 (z13 / enroll-01
                                                   :ARG1 z7))))
    :snt2 (z14 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z15 / obligate-01
                          :ARG1 z7
                          :ARG2 (z16 / market-01
                                     :ARG0 z7
                                     :ARG1 (z17 / program
                                                :poss z7)
                                     :manner (z18 / aggressive
                                                  :ARG2-of (z19 / have-degree-91
                                                                :ARG1 z16
                                                                :ARG3 (z20 / more))))
                          :condition (z21 / maintain-01
                                          :ARG0 z7
                                          :ARG1 (z22 / quality
                                                     :poss (z23 / educate-01
                                                                :ARG1-of (z24 / provide-01
                                                                              :ARG0 z7))))))
    :snt3 (z25 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z26 / increase-01
                          :ARG0 (z27 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z28 / enroll-01
                                     :ARG1 z27))
               :condition (z29 / marketing
                               :polarity -
                               :mod (z30 / such)))
    :snt4 (z31 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z32 / i)
               :ARG1 (z33 / obligate-01
                          :ARG1 (z34 / we)
                          :ARG2 (z35 / market-01
                                     :ARG0 z34
                                     :ARG1 (z36 / program
                                                :poss z34)
                                     :manner (z37 / aggressive
                                                  :ARG2-of (z38 / have-degree-91
                                                                :ARG1 z34
                                                                :ARG3 (z39 / more))))
                          :condition (z40 / maintain-01
                                          :ARG0 z34
                                          :ARG1 (z41 / quality
                                                     :poss (z42 / educate-01
                                                                :ARG1-of (z43 / provide-01
                                                                              :ARG0 z34)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ have-org-role-91(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ university(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z5) ∧ president(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ ¬(:condition(z6, z12) ∧ increase-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ enroll-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z7)) ∧ force-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ we(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z8) ∧ reduce-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ spend-01(z9) ∧ :time(z8, z10) ∧ year(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ next(z11) ∧ :snt2(z0, z14) ∧ cause-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ :condition(z15, z21) ∧ maintain-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ quality(z22) ∧ :poss(z22, z23) ∧ educate-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z23) ∧ provide-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z7) ∧ obligate-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z7) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z16) ∧ market-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ program(z17) ∧ :poss(z17, z7) ∧ :manner(z16, z18) ∧ aggressive(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z18) ∧ have-degree-91(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z16) ∧ :ARG3(z19, z20) ∧ more(z20) ∧ ¬(:snt3(z0, z25) ∧ ¬(:condition(z25, z29) ∧ marketing(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z30) ∧ such(z30)) ∧ possible-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ increase-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z27) ∧ we(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z28) ∧ enroll-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z31) ∧ say-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ i(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z33) ∧ :condition(z33, z40) ∧ maintain-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ quality(z41) ∧ :poss(z41, z42) ∧ educate-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ provide-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z34) ∧ obligate-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ we(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z35) ∧ market-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ program(z36) ∧ :poss(z36, z34) ∧ :manner(z35, z37) ∧ aggressive(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z37) ∧ have-degree-91(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z34) ∧ :ARG3(z38, z39) ∧ more(z39)


The frequently expressed view that written constitutions are inherently more liberal than unwritten ones is false. No written constitution is more than a paper with words on it until those words are both interpreted and applied. Properly understood, then, a constitution is the sum of those procedures through which the power of the state is legitimately exercised and limited. Ttherefore, even a written constitution becomes a liberal constitution only when it is interpreted and applied in a liberal way.

Question: The main point of the argument above is that

Choices:
- the idea of a written constitution, properly understood, is inherently self-contradictory
- there are criteria for evaluating the interpretation and application of a constitution
- written constitutions are no more inherently liberal than are unwritten constitutions
- liberal constitutions are extremely difficult to preserve

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / false
              :domain (z2 / view-02
                          :ARG1 (z3 / liberal-02
                                    :ARG1 (z4 / constitution
                                              :ARG1-of (z5 / write-01))
                                    :mod (z6 / inherent)
                                    :ARG2-of (z7 / have-degree-91
                                                 :ARG1 z4
                                                 :ARG3 (z8 / more)
                                                 :ARG4 (z9 / constitution
                                                           :ARG1-of (z10 / write-01
                                                                         :polarity -))))
                          :ARG1-of (z11 / express-01
                                        :ARG1-of (z12 / frequent-02))))
    :snt2 (z13 / have-mod-91
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z14 / constitution
                          :ARG1-of (z15 / write-01))
               :ARG2 (z16 / more-than
                          :op1 (z17 / paper
                                    :ARG0-of (z18 / have-03
                                                  :ARG1 (z19 / word
                                                             :location z17))))
               :time (z20 / until
                          :op1 (z21 / and
                                    :op1 (z22 / interpret-01
                                              :ARG1 z19)
                                    :op2 (z23 / apply-02
                                              :ARG1 z19)
                                    :mod (z24 / only))))
    :snt3 (z25 / sum-up-01
               :ARG1 (z26 / procedure
                          :mod (z27 / that)
                          :instrument-of (z28 / and
                                              :op1 (z29 / exercise-01
                                                        :ARG1 (z30 / power
                                                                   :poss (z31 / state))
                                                        :ARG1-of (z32 / legitimate-02))
                                              :op2 (z33 / limit-01
                                                        :ARG1 z30)))
               :ARG2 (z34 / constitution)
               :ARG1-of (z35 / understand-01
                             :manner (z36 / proper))
               :ARG1-of (z37 / infer-01))
    :snt4 (z38 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z39 / become-01
                          :ARG1 (z40 / constitution
                                     :ARG1-of (z41 / write-01)
                                     :mod (z42 / even))
                          :ARG2 (z43 / constitution
                                     :ARG1-of (z44 / liberal-02))
                          :condition (z45 / and
                                          :op1 (z46 / interpret-01
                                                    :ARG1 z40
                                                    :manner (z47 / liberal-02))
                                          :op2 (z48 / apply-02
                                                    :ARG1 z40
                                                    :manner (z49 / liberal-02)))))
    :snt5 (z50 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z51 / and
                          :op1 (z52 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 (z53 / constitution
                                               :ARG1-of (z54 / write-01))
                                    :direction (z55 / out))
                          :op2 (z56 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 (z57 / constitution
                                               :ARG1-of (z58 / write-01
                                                             :polarity -))
                                    :direction (z59 / back)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ false(z1) ∧ :domain(z1, z2) ∧ view-02(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ liberal-02(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ constitution(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ write-01(z5) ∧ :mod(z3, z6) ∧ inherent(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z3) ∧ have-degree-91(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z4) ∧ :ARG3(z7, z8) ∧ more(z8) ∧ :ARG4(z7, z9) ∧ constitution(z9) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ write-01(z10)) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z2) ∧ express-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ frequent-02(z12) ∧ ¬(:snt2(z0, z13) ∧ have-mod-91(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ constitution(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ write-01(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z16) ∧ more-than(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, z17) ∧ paper(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ have-03(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ word(z19) ∧ :location(z19, z17) ∧ :time(z13, z20) ∧ until(z20) ∧ :op1(z20, z21) ∧ and(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ interpret-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z19) ∧ :op2(z21, z23) ∧ apply-02(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z19) ∧ :mod(z21, z24) ∧ only(z24)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z25) ∧ sum-up-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ procedure(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ that(z27) ∧ :instrument(z28, z26) ∧ and(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, z29) ∧ exercise-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ power(z30) ∧ :poss(z30, z31) ∧ state(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z29) ∧ legitimate-02(z32) ∧ :op2(z28, z33) ∧ limit-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z30) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z34) ∧ constitution(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z25) ∧ understand-01(z35) ∧ :manner(z35, z36) ∧ proper(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z25) ∧ infer-01(z37) ∧ :snt4(z0, z38) ∧ cause-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ :condition(z39, z45) ∧ and(z45) ∧ :op1(z45, z46) ∧ interpret-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z40) ∧ :manner(z46, z47) ∧ liberal-02(z47) ∧ :op2(z45, z48) ∧ apply-02(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z40) ∧ :manner(z48, z49) ∧ liberal-02(z49) ∧ become-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ constitution(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z40) ∧ write-01(z41) ∧ :mod(z40, z42) ∧ even(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z43) ∧ constitution(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z43) ∧ liberal-02(z44) ∧ :snt5(z0, z50) ∧ cause-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ and(z51) ∧ :op1(z51, z52) ∧ go-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ constitution(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z53) ∧ write-01(z54) ∧ :direction(z52, z55) ∧ out(z55) ∧ :op2(z51, z56) ∧ go-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ constitution(z57) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z58, z57) ∧ write-01(z58)) ∧ :direction(z56, z59) ∧ back(z59)


The manager said, with self-confidence, you don't necessarily win. the chairman responded, but without self-confidence, you will lose.

Question: Which of the following options is closest to the chairman's meaning?

Choices:
- If you don't lose, you win. If you don't win, you lose
- If you are confident, you will win
- Only self-confidence, can we not lose
- You can't lose unless you are confident

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / manage-01))
              :ARG1 (z4 / win-01
                        :polarity -
                        :ARG0 (z5 / you)
                        :ARG1-of (z6 / need-01)
                        :condition (z7 / confident-01
                                       :ARG1 z5
                                       :ARG2 z5)))
    :snt2 (z8 / respond-01
              :ARG0 (z9 / chairman)
              :ARG2 (z10 / contrast-01
                         :ARG1 (z11 / win-01
                                    :ARG0 (z12 / you)
                                    :ARG1-of (z13 / need-01
                                                  :polarity -))
                         :ARG2 (z14 / lose-03
                                    :ARG0 z12
                                    :condition (z15 / confident-01
                                                    :polarity -
                                                    :ARG1 z12
                                                    :ARG2 z12))))
    :snt3 (z16 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z17 / chairman)
               :ARG1 (z18 / welcome-01))
    :snt4 (z19 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z20 / i)
               :ARG1 (z21 / win-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z22 / you)
                          :ARG1-of (z23 / need-01)
                          :condition (z24 / confident-01
                                          :ARG1 z22
                                          :ARG2 z22))))


Consumer magazine: Because front-loading washers use less water than top-loading washers, ordinary powder detergent does not dissolve readily in front-loading washers. So, to get clothes really clean in a front-loading machine you need to use a detergent formulated especially for front-loading washers, instead of ordinary powder detergent.

Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument in the consumer magazine?

Choices:
- A laundry detergent does not get clothes really clean in a washer unless it dissolves readily in it.
- A washing machine gets clothes really clean only with a laundry detergent specially formulated for that machine.
- A laundry detergent formulated especially for front-loading washers dissolves more readily in them than it does in top-loading washers.
- Washers that use more water get clothes cleaner than those that use less.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / magazine
                        :mod (z3 / person
                                 :ARG0-of (z4 / consume-01)))
              :ARG1 (z5 / cause-01
                        :ARG0 (z6 / use-01
                                  :ARG0 (z7 / thing
                                            :ARG0-of (z8 / load-01
                                                         :mod (z9 / front)))
                                  :ARG1 (z10 / water
                                             :ARG1-of (z11 / have-quant-91
                                                           :ARG3 (z12 / less)
                                                           :ARG4 (z13 / thing
                                                                      :ARG0-of (z14 / load-01
                                                                                :mod (z15 / top))))))
                        :ARG1 (z16 / dissolve-01
                                   :polarity -
                                   :ARG1 (z17 / detergent
                                              :consist-of (z18 / powder)
                                              :mod (z19 / ordinary))
                                   :ARG1-of (z20 / ready-02)
                                   :location z7)))
    :snt2 (z21 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z22 / need-01
                          :ARG0 (z23 / you)
                          :ARG1 (z24 / use-01
                                     :ARG0 z23
                                     :ARG1 (z25 / detergent
                                                :ARG1-of (z26 / formulate-01
                                                              :ARG2 z7
                                                              :mod (z27 / especially))
                                                :ARG1-of (z28 / instead-of-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z29 / detergent
                                                                         :consist-of (z30 / powder)
                                                                         :mod (z31 / ordinary))))
                                     :purpose (z32 / clean-01
                                                   :ARG0 z23
                                                   :ARG1 (z33 / clothes)
                                                   :location (z34 / machine
                                                                  :ARG0-of (z35 / load-01
                                                                                :mod z9))
                                                   :ARG1-of (z36 / real-04)))
                          :ARG2 (z37 / need-01
                                     :ARG0 z23
                                     :ARG1 (z38 / use-01
                                                :ARG0 z23
                                                :ARG1 (z39 / detergent
                                                           :ARG1-of (z40 / formulate-01
                                                                         :ARG2 (z41 / thing
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z42 / load-01
                                                                                :mod z9))))
                                                :ARG1-of (z43 / instead-of-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z44 / detergent
                                                                         :consist-of (z45 / powder)
                                                                         :mod (z46 / ordinary)))))
                          :ARG1-of (z47 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z48 / use-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z49 / machine
                                                              :ARG0-of (z50 / load-01
                                                                            :mod z9))
                                                   :ARG1 (z51 / water
                                                              :ARG1-of (z52 / have-quant-91
                                                                            :ARG3 (z53 / less)
                                                                            :ARG4 (z54 / water
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z55 / use-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z56 / machine
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z57 / load-01
                                                                                :mod (z58 / top)))))))))))
    :mod (z60 / person
              :ARG0-of (z61 / consume-01)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ magazine(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ consume-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ cause-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ use-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z7) ∧ thing(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z7) ∧ load-01(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ front(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z10) ∧ water(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ have-quant-91(z11) ∧ :ARG3(z11, z12) ∧ less(z12) ∧ :ARG4(z11, z13) ∧ thing(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z13) ∧ load-01(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ top(z15) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z5, z16) ∧ dissolve-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ detergent(z17) ∧ :consist(z18, z17) ∧ powder(z18) ∧ :mod(z17, z19) ∧ ordinary(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z16) ∧ ready-02(z20) ∧ :location(z16, z7)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ infer-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ need-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ you(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z24) ∧ use-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ detergent(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z25) ∧ formulate-01(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z7) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ especially(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z25) ∧ instead-of-91(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ detergent(z29) ∧ :consist(z30, z29) ∧ powder(z30) ∧ :mod(z29, z31) ∧ ordinary(z31) ∧ :purpose(z24, z32) ∧ clean-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ clothes(z33) ∧ :location(z32, z34) ∧ machine(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ load-01(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z32) ∧ real-04(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z37) ∧ need-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ use-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ detergent(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z39) ∧ formulate-01(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z41) ∧ thing(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z41) ∧ load-01(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z38) ∧ instead-of-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ detergent(z44) ∧ :consist(z45, z44) ∧ powder(z45) ∧ :mod(z44, z46) ∧ ordinary(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z22) ∧ cause-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ use-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z49) ∧ machine(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z49) ∧ load-01(z50) ∧ :mod(z50, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z51) ∧ water(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z51) ∧ have-quant-91(z52) ∧ :ARG3(z52, z53) ∧ less(z53) ∧ :ARG4(z52, z54) ∧ water(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z54) ∧ use-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ machine(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z56) ∧ load-01(z57) ∧ :mod(z57, z58) ∧ top(z58) ∧ :mod(z0, z60) ∧ person(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z60) ∧ consume-01(z61)


Reason is the most reliable tool when people need to make reliable judgments to decide how to act in complex situations. Irrational tools, such as hunches and habits, are often used, but resorting to reason is undoubtedly the easiest way to succeed when it matters a lot, or when success or failure depends on the judgment you make. We already have some reasonable methods that have been tested for a long time, which can be used to determine what is appropriate and which is true, and we have a series of established principles that guide us to draw inferences from what we know.

Question: Which of the following is the main meaning expressed in this passage?

Choices:
- Reason is the most reliable tool for people to make judgments
- Now there is a set of methods that can help people make reliable judgments
- Irrational tools cannot be trusted when people need to make reliable judgments
- A rational judgment of a complex situation will not be wrong

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-degree-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / tool
                        :domain (z3 / reason-01)
                        :time (z4 / need-01
                                  :ARG0 (z5 / person)
                                  :ARG1 (z6 / judge-01
                                            :ARG0 z5
                                            :ARG1-of (z7 / rely-01
                                                         :ARG1-of (z8 / possible-01))
                                            :purpose (z9 / decide-01
                                                         :ARG0 z5
                                                         :ARG1 (z10 / thing
                                                                    :manner-of (z11 / act-02
                                                                                :ARG0 z5
                                                                                :ARG1 (z12 / situation
                                                                                :mod (z13 / complex))))))))
              :ARG2 (z14 / rely-01
                         :ARG1 z2
                         :ARG1-of (z15 / possible-01))
              :ARG3 (z16 / most))
    :snt2 (z17 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z18 / use-01
                          :ARG1 (z19 / tool
                                     :mod (z20 / rational
                                               :polarity -)
                                     :example (z21 / and
                                                   :op1 (z22 / hunch-01)
                                                   :op2 (z23 / habit)))
                          :frequency (z24 / often))
               :ARG2 (z25 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z26 / resort-01
                                     :ARG1 (z27 / reason-01))
                          :ARG2 (z28 / easy-05
                                     :ARG1 z26)
                          :ARG3 (z29 / most)
                          :ARG1-of (z30 / doubt-01
                                        :polarity -)
                          :time (z31 / or
                                     :op1 (z32 / matter-01
                                               :ARG1 (z33 / it)
                                               :quant (z34 / lot))
                                     :op2 (z35 / depend-01
                                               :ARG0 (z36 / or
                                                          :op1 (z37 / succeed-01)
                                                          :op2 (z38 / fail-01))
                                               :ARG1 (z39 / judge-01
                                                          :ARG0 (z40 / you)))))
               :snt3 (z41 / have-03
                          :ARG0 (z42 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z43 / and
                                     :op1 (z44 / method
                                               :ARG1-of (z45 / reasonable-02)
                                               :ARG1-of (z46 / test-01
                                                             :duration (z47 / time
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z48 / long-03)))
                                               :quant (z49 / some)
                                               :ARG1-of (z50 / use-01
                                                             :ARG2 (z51 / determine-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z52 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z53 / appropriate-02
                                                                                :ARG1 (z54 / thing))
                                                                                :op2 (z55 / true-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z56 / thing))))
                                                             :ARG1-of (z57 / possible-01)))
                                     :op2 (z58 / series
                                               :consist-of (z59 / principle
                                                                :ARG1-of (z60 / establish-01)
                                                                :ARG0-of (z61 / guide-01
                                                                              :ARG1 z42
                                                                              :ARG2 (z62 / draw-02
                                                                                :ARG0 z42
                                                                                :ARG1 (z63 / inference)
                                                                                :ARG2 (z64 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z65 / know-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z42)))))))
                          :time (z66 / already))
               :snt4 (z67 / have-03
                          :ARG0 (z68 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z69 / method
                                     :ARG1-of (z70 / reasonable-02)
                                     :quant (z71 / some)
                                     :ARG1-of (z72 / use-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z73 / determine-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z74 / and
                                                                         :op1 (z75 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z76 / appropriate-02))
                                                                         :op2 (z77 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z78 / true-01))))
                                                   :ARG1-of (z79 / possible-01))))
               :snt5 (z80 / have-03
                          :ARG0 (z81 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z82 / method
                                     :ARG1-of (z83 / establish-01)
                                     :quant (z84 / many)
                                     :ARG0-of (z85 / guide-01
                                                   :ARG1 z81
                                                   :ARG2 (z86 / draw-02
                                                              :ARG0 z81
                                                              :ARG1 (z87 / infinity)
                                                              :ARG2 (z88 / thing
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z89 / know-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z81)))))
                          :snt6 (z90 / use-01
                                     :ARG1 (z91 / tool
                                                :ARG1-of (z92 / rational
                                                              :polarity -
                                                              :example (z93 / and
                                                                            :op1 (z1000 / hunch)
                                                                            :op2 (z1001 / habit)))
                                                :ARG2 (z1002 / decide-01
                                                             :ARG0 z81
                                                             :ARG1 (z1003 / thing
                                                                          :manner-of (z1004 / act-02
                                                                                :ARG0 z81
                                                                                :location (z1005 / situation
                                                                                :mod (z1006 / complex)))))))
                          :snt7 (z1007 / have-03
                                       :ARG0 (z1008 / we)
                                       :ARG1 (z1009 / method
                                                    :ARG1-of (z1010 / reasonable-02)
                                                    :quant (z1011 / some)
                                                    :ARG1-of (z1012 / test-01
                                                                    :duration (z1013 / time
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1014 / long-03)))))
                          :snt8 (z1015 / have-03
                                       :ARG0 (z1016 / we)
                                       :ARG1 (z1017 / method
                                                    :ARG1-of (z1018 / use-01
                                                                    :ARG2 (z1019 / determine-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z94 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z95 / appropriate-02)))
                                                                    :ARG1-of (z96 / possible-01))))
                          :snt9 (z97 / way
                                     :ARG1-of (z98 / have-degree-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z99 / easy-05
                                                              :ARG1 (z100 / resort-01
                                                                          :ARG1 (z101 / reason-01)))
                                                   :ARG3 (z1020 / most))
                                     :ARG1-of (z1021 / doubt-01
                                                     :polarity -)
                                     :domain (z1022 / way
                                                    :manner-of (z1023 / succeed-01
                                                                      :ARG1 (z1024 / succeed-01
                                                                                :time (z1025 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z1026 / matter-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1027 / it))
                                                                                :op2 (z1028 / depend-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z1029 / judge-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z1030 / you)
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1031 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1032 / judge-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z1030)))))))))
                          :ARG1 (z1034 / resort-01
                                       :ARG1 (z1035 / reason-01))
                          :ARG3 (z1036 / most))))


Recent medical and anthropological data show that prohibitions on the use of certain foods served important social, economic, and medical functions in ancient cultures. But these data cannot explain the origin of the prohibitions involved, since those who originally adopted and enforced them did not have access to the same data as modern researchers.

Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

Choices:
- The social, economic, and medical problems of a society may lead to the adoption of contradictory food prohibitions.
- The original purpose of a food prohibition is often forgotten a few generations after the prohibition is introduced.
- The origin of a food prohibition must be explained with reference to the understanding that the people who adopted and enforced the prohibition had.
- The social importance of the origin of a food prohibition is independent of the nutritional value of the food prohibited.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / show-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / and
                        :op1 (z3 / data
                                 :mod (z4 / medicine))
                        :op2 (z5 / data
                                 :mod (z6 / anthropology))
                        :time (z7 / recent))
              :ARG1 (z8 / serve-01
                        :ARG0 (z9 / prohibit-01
                                  :ARG1 (z10 / use-01
                                             :ARG1 (z11 / food
                                                        :mod (z12 / certain))))
                        :ARG1 (z13 / function-01
                                   :ARG0 z9
                                   :ARG1 (z14 / and
                                              :op1 (z15 / social-03)
                                              :op2 (z16 / economy)
                                              :op3 (z17 / medicine))
                                   :ARG1-of (z18 / important-01))
                        :location (z19 / culture
                                       :mod (z20 / ancient))))
    :snt2 (z21 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z22 / possible-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z23 / explain-01
                                     :ARG0 (z24 / data
                                                :mod (z25 / this))
                                     :ARG1 (z26 / originate-01
                                                :ARG1 (z27 / prohibit-01
                                                           :ARG1-of (z28 / involve-01))))
                          :ARG1-of (z29 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z30 / have-03
                                                   :polarity -
                                                   :ARG0 (z31 / person
                                                              :ARG0-of (z32 / adopt-01
                                                                            :ARG1 z27
                                                                            :mod (z33 / original))
                                                              :ARG0-of (z34 / enforce-01
                                                                            :ARG1 z27
                                                                            :mod z33))
                                                   :ARG1 (z35 / access-01
                                                              :ARG0 z31
                                                              :ARG1 (z36 / data
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z37 / same-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z38 / data
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z39 / access-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z40 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z41 / research-01)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z42 / modern-02))))))))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ show-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ and(z2) ∧ :op1(z2, z3) ∧ data(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ medicine(z4) ∧ :op2(z2, z5) ∧ data(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ anthropology(z6) ∧ :time(z2, z7) ∧ recent(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z8) ∧ serve-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ prohibit-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ use-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ food(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ certain(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z13) ∧ function-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ and(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, z15) ∧ social-03(z15) ∧ :op2(z14, z16) ∧ economy(z16) ∧ :op3(z14, z17) ∧ medicine(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z13) ∧ important-01(z18) ∧ :location(z8, z19) ∧ culture(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ ancient(z20) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ contrast-01(z21) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z21, z22) ∧ possible-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ explain-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ data(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ this(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z26) ∧ originate-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ prohibit-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ involve-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z22) ∧ cause-01(z29) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ have-03(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ person(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z31) ∧ adopt-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z27) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ original(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z31) ∧ enforce-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z27) ∧ :mod(z34, z33) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z35) ∧ access-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z31) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ data(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ same-01(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z38) ∧ data(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z38) ∧ access-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z40) ∧ person(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z40) ∧ research-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z40) ∧ modern-02(z42)))


Collective behavior in the form of institutional arrangements and policy guidance. It is just a comprehensive expression of many personal wishes and personal choices. Unless each and every one of us cares about the environment and takes concrete actions, no government will have the incentive (or pressure) to implement environmental policies. Even if the government has formulated sound environmental laws and regulations, if every citizen does not take the initiative to abide by them, then no matter how good the environmental laws and regulations are, they will not achieve the desired results.

Question: Which of the following is the main point supported by this passage?

Choices:
- The government has the responsibility to raise the environmental awareness of the whole people
- Complete environmental protection regulations are the key to the success or failure of environmental protection policies
- Environmental protection regulations formulated by the government should reflect the wishes of citizens
- Every citizen should raise his own environmental awareness

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / behave-01
              :mod (z2 / collective)
              :manner (z3 / form
                          :mod (z4 / and
                                   :op1 (z5 / arrange-01
                                            :mod (z6 / institution))
                                   :op2 (z7 / guide-01
                                            :ARG1 (z8 / policy-01)))))
    :snt2 (z9 / express-01
              :ARG0 (z10 / it)
              :ARG1 (z11 / and
                         :op1 (z12 / wish-01
                                   :ARG1-of (z13 / personal-02)
                                   :quant (z14 / many))
                         :op2 (z15 / choose-01
                                   :ARG1-of z13))
              :mod (z16 / comprehensive)
              :mod (z17 / just))
    :snt3 (z18 / have-03
               :polarity -
               :ARG0 (z19 / government-organization
                          :ARG0-of (z20 / govern-01))
               :ARG1 (z21 / or
                          :op1 (z22 / incentivize-01
                                    :ARG1 z19
                                    :ARG2 (z23 / implement-01
                                               :ARG0 z19
                                               :ARG1 (z24 / policy-01
                                                          :ARG2 (z25 / environment))))
                          :op2 (z26 / pressure-01
                                    :ARG1 z19
                                    :ARG2 z23))
               :condition (z27 / and
                               :op1 (z28 / care-01
                                         :ARG0 (z29 / we
                                                    :mod (z30 / each)
                                                    :mod (z31 / every))
                                         :ARG1 (z32 / environment))
                               :op2 (z33 / act-02
                                         :ARG0 z29
                                         :ARG1-of (z34 / concrete-02))))
    :snt4 (z35 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z36 / achieve-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z37 / they)
                          :ARG1 (z38 / thing
                                     :ARG2-of (z39 / result-01)
                                     :ARG1-of (z40 / desire-01))
                          :ARG1-of (z41 / regardless-91
                                        :ARG2 (z42 / thing
                                                   :degree-of (z43 / good-02
                                                                   :ARG1 (z44 / and
                                                                              :op1 (z45 / law
                                                                                :mod (z46 / environment))
                                                                              :op2 (z47 / regulate-01
                                                                                :mod z46))))))
               :ARG2 (z48 / even-if
                          :op1 (z49 / formulate-01
                                    :ARG0 (z50 / government-organization
                                               :ARG0-of (z51 / govern-01))
                                    :ARG1 (z52 / and
                                               :op1 (z53 / law
                                                         :mod (z54 / environment))
                                               :op2 (z55 / regulate-01
                                                         :mod z54)
                                               :mod (z56 / sound)))))
    :snt5 (z57 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z58 / initiate-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z59 / citizen
                                     :mod (z60 / every))
                          :ARG1 (z61 / abide-01
                                     :ARG0 z59
                                     :ARG1 z31))
               :ARG2 (z62 / even-if
                          :op1 (z63 / formulated
                                    :ARG0 z50
                                    :ARG1 (z64 / and
                                               :op1 (z65 / law
                                                         :mod (z66 / environment))
                                               :op2 (z67 / regulate-01
                                                         :mod (z68 / environment)))))
               :snt6 (z69 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z70 / achieve-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 z50
                                     :ARG1 (z71 / thing
                                                :ARG2-of (z72 / result-01)
                                                :ARG1-of (z73 / desire-01))
                                     :time (z74 / then))
                          :ARG2 (z75 / matter-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z76 / and
                                                :op1 (z77 / care-03
                                                          :ARG0 (z78 / citizen
                                                                     :mod (z79 / every))
                                                          :ARG1 (z80 / environment))
                                                :op2 (z81 / act-02
                                                          :ARG0 z78
                                                          :ARG1-of (z82 / concrete-02)))))
               :snt7 (z83 / express-01
                          :ARG0 (z84 / it)
                          :ARG1 (z85 / and
                                     :op1 (z86 / wish-01
                                               :ARG1-of (z87 / personal-02)
                                               :quant (z88 / many))
                                     :op2 (z89 / choose-01
                                               :ARG1-of (z90 / personal-02)
                                               :quant (z91 / many)))
                          :mod (z92 / comprehensive))
               :snt8 (z93 / express-01
                          :ARG0 (z94 / it)
                          :ARG1 (z95 / and
                                     :op1 (z1000 / wish-01
                                                 :ARG1-of (z1001 / personal-02))
                                     :op2 (z1002 / choose-01
                                                 :ARG1-of (z1003 / personal-02)
                                                 :quant (z1004 / many)))
                          :mod (z1005 / comprehensive))
               :snt9 (z1006 / have-concession-91
                            :ARG1 (z1007 / have-03
                                         :polarity -
                                         :ARG0 (z1008 / government-organization
                                                      :ARG0-of (z1009 / govern-01))
                                         :ARG1 (z1010 / or
                                                      :op1 (z1011 / incentivize-01
                                                                  :ARG1 z1008
                                                                  :ARG2 (z1012 / implement-01
                                                                               :ARG0 z1008
                                                                               :ARG1 (z1013 / policy-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1014 / environment))))
                                                      :op2 (z1015 / pressure-01
                                                                  :ARG1 z1008)))))
    :snt10 (z1016 / have-concession-91
                  :ARG1 (z1017 / have-concession-91
                               :ARG2 (z1018 / initiate-01
                                            :polarity -
                                            :ARG0 (z96 / citizen
                                                       :mod (z97 / every))
                                            :ARG1 (z98 / abide-01
                                                       :ARG0 z96
                                                       :ARG1 z96))))
    :snt11 (z99 / have-concession-91
                :ARG1 (z100 / have-03
                            :ARG0 z96
                            :ARG1 (z101 / initiate-01
                                        :ARG0 z96
                                        :ARG1 (z102 / abide-01
                                                    :ARG0 z96
                                                    :ARG1 z96))))
    :snt12 (z1019 / and
                  :op1 (z1020 / birthday-00
                              :ARG1 (z1021 / and
                                           :op1 (z103 / strawman-00)
                                           :op2 (z104 / bouquet)
                                           :op3 (z105 / thread-01)
                                           :op4 (z106 / thread-02)
                                           :op5 (z1022 / thread-01)
                                           :op16 (z1023 / thread-02)
                                           :op17 (z107 / thread-02)
                                           :op18 (z1024 / thread-02)
                                           :op19 (z1025 / thread
                                                        :ARG1-of (z1026 / synchronize-01)))
                              :op20 (z1027 / have-03
                                           :ARG0 (z108 / we)
                                           :ARG1 (z1028 / and
                                                        :op1 (z1029 / care-01
                                                                    :ARG0 (z1030 / we)
                                                                    :ARG1 (z1031 / environment))
                                                        :op2 (z1032 / act-02
                                                                    :ARG0 z96)))
                              :op21 (z1033 / care-03
                                           :ARG0 z96
                                           :ARG1 (z1034 / environment)))
                  :snt2 (z1035 / and
                               :op1 (z1036 / care-03
                                           :ARG0 z96
                                           :ARG1 (z1037 / environment))
                               :op2 (z1038 / care-03
                                           :ARG0 z96
                                           :ARG1 (z1039 / environment)))
                  :op22 (z1040 / citizen
                               :mod (z1041 / every)))
    :op23 (z1042 / care-03
                 :ARG0 z96
                 :ARG1 (z1043 / environment)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ behave-01(z1) ∧ :mod(z1, z2) ∧ collective(z2) ∧ :manner(z1, z3) ∧ form(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ and(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, z5) ∧ arrange-01(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ institution(z6) ∧ :op2(z4, z7) ∧ guide-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ policy-01(z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ express-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ it(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z11) ∧ and(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, z12) ∧ wish-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z12) ∧ personal-02(z13) ∧ :quant(z12, z14) ∧ many(z14) ∧ :op2(z11, z15) ∧ choose-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z15) ∧ :mod(z9, z16) ∧ comprehensive(z16) ∧ :mod(z9, z17) ∧ just(z17) ∧ ¬(:snt3(z0, z18) ∧ :condition(z18, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ care-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ we(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z30) ∧ each(z30) ∧ :mod(z29, z31) ∧ every(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z32) ∧ environment(z32) ∧ :op2(z27, z33) ∧ act-02(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z33) ∧ concrete-02(z34) ∧ have-03(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ government-organization(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z19) ∧ govern-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z21) ∧ or(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ incentivize-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z19) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z23) ∧ implement-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ policy-01(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ environment(z25) ∧ :op2(z21, z26) ∧ pressure-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z19) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z23)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z35) ∧ have-concession-91(z35) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ achieve-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z37) ∧ they(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z38) ∧ thing(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z38) ∧ result-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z38) ∧ desire-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z36) ∧ regardless-91(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ thing(z42) ∧ :degree(z43, z42) ∧ good-02(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ and(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, z45) ∧ law(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ environment(z46) ∧ :op2(z44, z47) ∧ regulate-01(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z46)) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z48) ∧ even-if(z48) ∧ :op1(z48, z49) ∧ formulate-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z50) ∧ government-organization(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z50) ∧ govern-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z52) ∧ and(z52) ∧ :op1(z52, z53) ∧ law(z53) ∧ :mod(z53, z54) ∧ environment(z54) ∧ :op2(z52, z55) ∧ regulate-01(z55) ∧ :mod(z55, z54) ∧ :mod(z52, z56) ∧ sound(z56) ∧ :snt5(z0, z57) ∧ have-concession-91(z57) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ initiate-01(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z59) ∧ citizen(z59) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ every(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z61) ∧ abide-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z59) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z31)) ∧ :ARG2(z57, z62) ∧ even-if(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, z63) ∧ formulated(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z50) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ and(z64) ∧ :op1(z64, z65) ∧ law(z65) ∧ :mod(z65, z66) ∧ environment(z66) ∧ :op2(z64, z67) ∧ regulate-01(z67) ∧ :mod(z67, z68) ∧ environment(z68) ∧ :snt6(z57, z69) ∧ have-concession-91(z69) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ achieve-01(z70) ∧ :ARG0(z70, z50) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ thing(z71) ∧ :ARG2(z72, z71) ∧ result-01(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z71) ∧ desire-01(z73) ∧ :time(z70, z74) ∧ then(z74)) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z69, z75) ∧ matter-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ and(z76) ∧ :op1(z76, z77) ∧ care-03(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z77, z78) ∧ citizen(z78) ∧ :mod(z78, z79) ∧ every(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z80) ∧ environment(z80) ∧ :op2(z76, z81) ∧ act-02(z81) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z78) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z81) ∧ concrete-02(z82)) ∧ :snt7(z57, z83) ∧ express-01(z83) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z84) ∧ it(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z85) ∧ and(z85) ∧ :op1(z85, z86) ∧ wish-01(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z86) ∧ personal-02(z87) ∧ :quant(z86, z88) ∧ many(z88) ∧ :op2(z85, z89) ∧ choose-01(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z89) ∧ personal-02(z90) ∧ :quant(z89, z91) ∧ many(z91) ∧ :mod(z83, z92) ∧ comprehensive(z92) ∧ :snt8(z57, z93) ∧ express-01(z93) ∧ :ARG0(z93, z94) ∧ it(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z95) ∧ and(z95) ∧ :op1(z95, z1000) ∧ wish-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1000) ∧ personal-02(z1001) ∧ :op2(z95, z1002) ∧ choose-01(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1002) ∧ personal-02(z1003) ∧ :quant(z1002, z1004) ∧ many(z1004) ∧ :mod(z93, z1005) ∧ comprehensive(z1005) ∧ :snt9(z57, z1006) ∧ have-concession-91(z1006) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1006, z1007) ∧ have-03(z1007) ∧ :ARG0(z1007, z1008) ∧ government-organization(z1008) ∧ :ARG0(z1009, z1008) ∧ govern-01(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1010) ∧ or(z1010) ∧ :op1(z1010, z1011) ∧ incentivize-01(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z1008) ∧ :ARG2(z1011, z1012) ∧ implement-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG0(z1012, z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1013) ∧ policy-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG2(z1013, z1014) ∧ environment(z1014) ∧ :op2(z1010, z1015) ∧ pressure-01(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1008)) ∧ :snt10(z0, z1016) ∧ have-concession-91(z1016) ∧ :ARG1(z1016, z1017) ∧ have-concession-91(z1017) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z1017, z1018) ∧ initiate-01(z1018) ∧ :ARG0(z1018, z96) ∧ citizen(z96) ∧ :mod(z96, z97) ∧ every(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z1018, z98) ∧ abide-01(z98) ∧ :ARG0(z98, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z96)) ∧ :snt11(z0, z99) ∧ have-concession-91(z99) ∧ :ARG1(z99, z100) ∧ have-03(z100) ∧ :ARG0(z100, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z101) ∧ initiate-01(z101) ∧ :ARG0(z101, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ abide-01(z102) ∧ :ARG0(z102, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z102, z96) ∧ :snt12(z0, z1019) ∧ and(z1019) ∧ :op1(z1019, z1020) ∧ birthday-00(z1020) ∧ :ARG1(z1020, z1021) ∧ and(z1021) ∧ :op1(z1021, z103) ∧ strawman-00(z103) ∧ :op2(z1021, z104) ∧ bouquet(z104) ∧ :op3(z1021, z105) ∧ thread-01(z105) ∧ :op4(z1021, z106) ∧ thread-02(z106) ∧ :op5(z1021, z1022) ∧ thread-01(z1022) ∧ :op16(z1021, z1023) ∧ thread-02(z1023) ∧ :op17(z1021, z107) ∧ thread-02(z107) ∧ :op18(z1021, z1024) ∧ thread-02(z1024) ∧ :op19(z1021, z1025) ∧ thread(z1025) ∧ :ARG1(z1026, z1025) ∧ synchronize-01(z1026) ∧ :op20(z1020, z1027) ∧ have-03(z1027) ∧ :ARG0(z1027, z108) ∧ we(z108) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1028) ∧ and(z1028) ∧ :op1(z1028, z1029) ∧ care-01(z1029) ∧ :ARG0(z1029, z1030) ∧ we(z1030) ∧ :ARG1(z1029, z1031) ∧ environment(z1031) ∧ :op2(z1028, z1032) ∧ act-02(z1032) ∧ :ARG0(z1032, z96) ∧ :op21(z1020, z1033) ∧ care-03(z1033) ∧ :ARG0(z1033, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z1033, z1034) ∧ environment(z1034) ∧ :snt2(z1019, z1035) ∧ and(z1035) ∧ :op1(z1035, z1036) ∧ care-03(z1036) ∧ :ARG0(z1036, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z1036, z1037) ∧ environment(z1037) ∧ :op2(z1035, z1038) ∧ care-03(z1038) ∧ :ARG0(z1038, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z1038, z1039) ∧ environment(z1039) ∧ :op22(z1019, z1040) ∧ citizen(z1040) ∧ :mod(z1040, z1041) ∧ every(z1041) ∧ :op23(z0, z1042) ∧ care-03(z1042) ∧ :ARG0(z1042, z96) ∧ :ARG1(z1042, z1043) ∧ environment(z1043)


Safeguarding personal interests is the only motivation for personal behavior. Therefore, safeguarding personal interests is the main factor affecting personal behavior.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, weakens the argument of the stem?

Choices:
- Whether safeguarding personal interests is the only motivation for personal behavior is worth discussing.
- Sometimes motivation cannot be the main factor affecting individual behavior.
- There are both conflicts and consistency between personal interests.
- The act of safeguarding personal interests can also be beneficial to the public interest.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / motivate-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / safeguard-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / interest
                                  :ARG1-of (z4 / personal-02)))
              :ARG1 (z5 / behave-01
                        :ARG1-of z4)
              :mod (z6 / only))
    :snt2 (z7 / cause-01
              :ARG1 (z8 / factor
                        :mod (z9 / main)
                        :ARG0-of (z10 / affect-01
                                      :ARG1 (z11 / behave-01
                                                 :ARG1-of (z12 / personal-02)))
                        :domain (z13 / safeguarding
                                     :ARG1 (z14 / interest
                                                :ARG1-of (z15 / personal-02)))))
    :snt3 (z16 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z17 / outsource-01
                          :ARG1 (z18 / support-01
                                     :ARG1 (z19 / behave-01
                                                :ARG1-of (z20 / personal-02)))
                          :ARG2 (z21 / outsource-01))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ motivate-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ safeguard-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ interest(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ personal-02(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ behave-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ :mod(z1, z6) ∧ only(z6) ∧ :snt2(z0, z7) ∧ cause-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ factor(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ main(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z8) ∧ affect-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ behave-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ personal-02(z12) ∧ :domain(z8, z13) ∧ safeguarding(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ interest(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ personal-02(z15) ∧ :snt3(z0, z16) ∧ cause-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ outsource-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ support-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ behave-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ personal-02(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z21) ∧ outsource-01(z21)