University president: Our pool of applicants has been shrinking over the past few years. One possible explanation of this unwelcome phenomenon is that we charge too little for tuition and fees. Prospective students and their parents conclude that the quality of education they would receive at this institution is not as high as that offered by institutions with higher tuition. So, if we want to increase the size of our applicant pool, we need to raise our tuition and fees.

Question: The university president's argument requires the assumption that

Choices:
- the proposed explanation for the decline in applications applies in this case
- there is no additional explanation for the university's shrinking applicant pool
- the quality of a university education is dependent on the amount of tuition charged by the university
- the amount charged by the university for tuition has not increased in recent years

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / university)
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / president)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / shrink-01
                        :ARG1 (z7 / pool-01
                                  :ARG0 z4
                                  :ARG1 (z8 / person
                                            :ARG0-of (z9 / apply-01)))
                        :time (z10 / before
                                   :op1 (z11 / now)
                                   :duration (z12 / few
                                                  :op1 (z13 / temporal-quantity
                                                            :quant 1
                                                            :unit (z14 / year))))))
    :snt2 (z15 / explain-01
               :ARG0 (z16 / we)
               :ARG1 (z17 / phenomenon
                          :ARG1-of (z18 / welcome-01
                                        :polarity -)
                          :mod (z19 / this))
               :ARG2 (z20 / charge-01
                          :ARG0 z16
                          :ARG1 (z21 / and
                                     :op1 (z22 / tuition)
                                     :op2 (z23 / fee))
                          :ARG3 (z24 / and
                                     :op1 z22
                                     :op2 z23)
                          :ARG1-of (z25 / have-quant-91
                                        :ARG2 (z26 / little)
                                        :ARG3 (z27 / too)))
               :ARG1-of (z28 / possible-01)
               :mod (z29 / one))
    :snt3 (z30 / conclude-01
               :ARG0 (z31 / and
                          :op1 (z32 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z33 / study-01)
                                    :ARG1-of (z34 / prospective-01))
                          :op2 (z35 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z36 / have-rel-role-91
                                                  :ARG1 z32
                                                  :ARG2 (z37 / parent))))
               :ARG1 (z38 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z39 / quality
                                     :ARG1-of (z40 / receive-01
                                                   :ARG0 z31
                                                   :ARG2 (z41 / institution
                                                              :mod (z42 / this))))
                          :ARG2 (z43 / high-02
                                     :ARG1 z39)
                          :ARG3 (z44 / equal
                                     :polarity -)
                          :ARG4 (z45 / quality
                                     :ARG1-of (z46 / receive-01
                                                   :ARG0 z31
                                                   :ARG2 z41)
                                     :ARG1-of (z47 / offer-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z48 / institution
                                                              :ARG0-of (z49 / have-03
                                                                            :ARG1 (z50 / tuition
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z51 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z52 / high-02)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z53 / more)))))))))
    :snt4 (z54 / need-01
               :ARG0 (z55 / we)
               :ARG1 (z56 / raise-01
                          :ARG0 z55
                          :ARG1 (z57 / and
                                     :op1 (z58 / tuition)
                                     :op2 (z59 / fee)
                                     :poss z55))
               :condition (z60 / want-01
                               :ARG0 z55
                               :ARG1 (z61 / increase-01
                                          :ARG0 z55
                                          :ARG1 (z62 / size-01
                                                     :ARG1 (z63 / pool
                                                                :consist-of (z64 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z65 / apply-01))
                                                                :poss z55)))))
    :snt5 (z66 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z67 / need-01
                          :ARG0 (z68 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z69 / raise-01
                                     :ARG0 z68
                                     :ARG1 (z70 / and
                                                :op1 (z71 / tuition)
                                                :op2 (z72 / fee)
                                                :poss z68))))
    :snt6 (z73 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z74 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z75 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG1 (z76 / university)
                                        :ARG2 (z77 / president)))
               :ARG1 (z78 / shrink-01
                          :ARG1 (z79 / pool
                                     :consist-of (z80 / person
                                                      :ARG0-of (z81 / apply-01)))
                          :time (z82 / before
                                     :op1 (z83 / now)
                                     :duration (z84 / few
                                                    :op1 (z85 / temporal-quantity
                                                              :quant 1
                                                              :unit (z86 / year))))))
    :snt7 (z87 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z88 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z89 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG1 (z90 / university)
                                        :ARG2 (z91 / president)))
               :ARG1 (z92 / shrink-01
                          :ARG1 (z93 / and
                                     :op1 (z94 / tuition)
                                     :op2 (z95 / fee)
                                     :poss z90)
                          :time (z96 / before
                                     :op1 (z97 / now)
                                     :duration (z98 / few
                                                    :op1 (z99 / temporal-quantity
                                                              :quant 1
                                                              :unit (z100 / year))))))
    :snt8 (z1000 / explain-01
                 :ARG0 (z1001 / thing
                              :quant 1
                              :ARG1-of (z1002 / explain-01
                                              :ARG1 (z1003 / phenomenon
                                                           :ARG1-of (z1004 / welcome-01
                                                                           :polarity -)
                                                           :mod (z1005 / this))))
                 :ARG1 (z1006 / charge-01
                              :ARG0 (z1007 / we)
                              :ARG1 (z1008 / and
                                           :op1 (z1009 / tuition)
                                           :op2 (z101 / fee)
                                           :ARG1-of (z102 / have-quant-91
                                                          :ARG2 (z103 / little)
                                                          :ARG3 (z104 / too))))
                 :ARG1-of (z105 / possible-01))
    :snt9 (z106 / conclude-01
                :ARG0 (z1010 / and
                             :op1 (z1011 / person
                                         :ARG0-of (z1012 / study-01
                                                         :ARG1-of (z1013 / prospective-00)))
                             :op2 (z1014 / person
                                         :ARG0-of (z1015 / have-rel-role-91
                                                         :ARG1 z1013
                                                         :ARG2 (z1016 / parent))))
                :ARG1 (z1017 / quality
                             :ARG1-of (z1018 / have-degree-91
                                             :polarity -
                                             :ARG2 (z1019 / quality
                                                          :ARG1-of (z1020 / receive-01
                                                                          :ARG0 z86))
                                             :ARG3 (z1021 / as-quality
                                                          :ARG1-of (z1022 / receive-01
                                                                          :ARG0 z86)
                                                          :location (z1023 / institution
                                                                           :mod (z1024 / institution
                                                                                :mod (z1025 / this))))))
                :ARG1-of (z1026 / have-degree-91
                                :ARG2 (z1027 / high-02
                                             :ARG1 (z1028 / quality
                                                          :ARG1-of (z1029 / receive-01
                                                                          :ARG0 z86)))
                                :ARG3 (z1030 / equal)
                                :ARG4 (z1031 / quality
                                             :ARG1-of (z1032 / offer-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z1033 / institution
                                                                          :ARG0-of (z1034 / have-03
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1035 / tuition
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1036 / high-02
                                                                                :ARG2-of (z1037 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG1 z1035
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1038 / more))))))))
                                :ARG1-of (z1039 / have-degree-91
                                                :ARG2 (z1040 / high-02
                                                             :ARG1 z1035)
                                                :ARG3 (z1041 / equal)
                                                :ARG4 (z1042 / quality
                                                             :ARG1-of (z107 / receive-01
                                                                            :ARG0 z86))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ have-org-role-91(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ university(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z5) ∧ president(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ shrink-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ pool-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ person(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z8) ∧ apply-01(z9) ∧ :time(z6, z10) ∧ before(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, z11) ∧ now(z11) ∧ :duration(z10, z12) ∧ few(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ temporal-quantity(z13) ∧ :quant(z13, 1) ∧ :unit(z13, z14) ∧ year(z14) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ explain-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ we(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z17) ∧ phenomenon(z17) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z18, z17) ∧ welcome-01(z18)) ∧ :mod(z17, z19) ∧ this(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z20) ∧ charge-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ and(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ tuition(z22) ∧ :op2(z21, z23) ∧ fee(z23) ∧ :ARG3(z20, z24) ∧ and(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z22) ∧ :op2(z24, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z20) ∧ have-quant-91(z25) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z26) ∧ little(z26) ∧ :ARG3(z25, z27) ∧ too(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z15) ∧ possible-01(z28) ∧ :mod(z15, z29) ∧ one(z29) ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ conclude-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ person(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z32) ∧ study-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z32) ∧ prospective-01(z34) ∧ :op2(z31, z35) ∧ person(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z35) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z32) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z37) ∧ parent(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z38) ∧ have-degree-91(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ quality(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z39) ∧ receive-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z31) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z41) ∧ institution(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ this(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z43) ∧ high-02(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z39) ∧ ¬(:ARG3(z38, z44) ∧ equal(z44)) ∧ :ARG4(z38, z45) ∧ quality(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z45) ∧ receive-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z31) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z45) ∧ offer-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ institution(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z48) ∧ have-03(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ tuition(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z50) ∧ have-degree-91(z51) ∧ :ARG2(z51, z52) ∧ high-02(z52) ∧ :ARG3(z51, z53) ∧ more(z53) ∧ :snt4(z0, z54) ∧ :condition(z54, z60) ∧ want-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z55) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ increase-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z55) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z62) ∧ size-01(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ pool(z63) ∧ :consist(z64, z63) ∧ person(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z64) ∧ apply-01(z65) ∧ :poss(z63, z55) ∧ need-01(z54) ∧ :ARG0(z54, z55) ∧ we(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z56) ∧ raise-01(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z55) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ and(z57) ∧ :op1(z57, z58) ∧ tuition(z58) ∧ :op2(z57, z59) ∧ fee(z59) ∧ :poss(z57, z55) ∧ :snt5(z0, z66) ∧ cause-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ need-01(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z68) ∧ we(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z69) ∧ raise-01(z69) ∧ :ARG0(z69, z68) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ and(z70) ∧ :op1(z70, z71) ∧ tuition(z71) ∧ :op2(z70, z72) ∧ fee(z72) ∧ :poss(z70, z68) ∧ :snt6(z0, z73) ∧ say-01(z73) ∧ :ARG0(z73, z74) ∧ person(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z75, z74) ∧ have-org-role-91(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ university(z76) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z77) ∧ president(z77) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z78) ∧ shrink-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ pool(z79) ∧ :consist(z80, z79) ∧ person(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z80) ∧ apply-01(z81) ∧ :time(z78, z82) ∧ before(z82) ∧ :op1(z82, z83) ∧ now(z83) ∧ :duration(z82, z84) ∧ few(z84) ∧ :op1(z84, z85) ∧ temporal-quantity(z85) ∧ :quant(z85, 1) ∧ :unit(z85, z86) ∧ year(z86) ∧ :snt7(z0, z87) ∧ say-01(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z88) ∧ person(z88) ∧ :ARG0(z89, z88) ∧ have-org-role-91(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ university(z90) ∧ :ARG2(z89, z91) ∧ president(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z92) ∧ shrink-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ and(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, z94) ∧ tuition(z94) ∧ :op2(z93, z95) ∧ fee(z95) ∧ :poss(z93, z90) ∧ :time(z92, z96) ∧ before(z96) ∧ :op1(z96, z97) ∧ now(z97) ∧ :duration(z96, z98) ∧ few(z98) ∧ :op1(z98, z99) ∧ temporal-quantity(z99) ∧ :quant(z99, 1) ∧ :unit(z99, z100) ∧ year(z100) ∧ :snt8(z0, z1000) ∧ explain-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG0(z1000, z1001) ∧ thing(z1001) ∧ :quant(z1001, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z1001) ∧ explain-01(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z1003) ∧ phenomenon(z1003) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1004, z1003) ∧ welcome-01(z1004)) ∧ :mod(z1003, z1005) ∧ this(z1005) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z1006) ∧ charge-01(z1006) ∧ :ARG0(z1006, z1007) ∧ we(z1007) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z1008) ∧ and(z1008) ∧ :op1(z1008, z1009) ∧ tuition(z1009) ∧ :op2(z1008, z101) ∧ fee(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z102, z1008) ∧ have-quant-91(z102) ∧ :ARG2(z102, z103) ∧ little(z103) ∧ :ARG3(z102, z104) ∧ too(z104) ∧ :ARG1(z105, z1000) ∧ possible-01(z105) ∧ :snt9(z0, z106) ∧ conclude-01(z106) ∧ :ARG0(z106, z1010) ∧ and(z1010) ∧ :op1(z1010, z1011) ∧ person(z1011) ∧ :ARG0(z1012, z1011) ∧ study-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z1012) ∧ prospective-00(z1013) ∧ :op2(z1010, z1014) ∧ person(z1014) ∧ :ARG0(z1015, z1014) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1013) ∧ :ARG2(z1015, z1016) ∧ parent(z1016) ∧ :ARG1(z106, z1017) ∧ quality(z1017) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1018, z1017) ∧ have-degree-91(z1018) ∧ :ARG2(z1018, z1019) ∧ quality(z1019) ∧ :ARG1(z1020, z1019) ∧ receive-01(z1020) ∧ :ARG0(z1020, z86) ∧ :ARG3(z1018, z1021) ∧ as-quality(z1021) ∧ :ARG1(z1022, z1021) ∧ receive-01(z1022) ∧ :ARG0(z1022, z86) ∧ :location(z1021, z1023) ∧ institution(z1023) ∧ :mod(z1023, z1024) ∧ institution(z1024) ∧ :mod(z1024, z1025) ∧ this(z1025)) ∧ :ARG1(z1026, z106) ∧ have-degree-91(z1026) ∧ :ARG2(z1026, z1027) ∧ high-02(z1027) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1028) ∧ quality(z1028) ∧ :ARG1(z1029, z1028) ∧ receive-01(z1029) ∧ :ARG0(z1029, z86) ∧ :ARG3(z1026, z1030) ∧ equal(z1030) ∧ :ARG4(z1026, z1031) ∧ quality(z1031) ∧ :ARG1(z1032, z1031) ∧ offer-01(z1032) ∧ :ARG0(z1032, z1033) ∧ institution(z1033) ∧ :ARG0(z1034, z1033) ∧ have-03(z1034) ∧ :ARG1(z1034, z1035) ∧ tuition(z1035) ∧ :ARG1(z1036, z1035) ∧ high-02(z1036) ∧ :ARG2(z1037, z1036) ∧ have-degree-91(z1037) ∧ :ARG1(z1037, z1035) ∧ :ARG3(z1037, z1038) ∧ more(z1038) ∧ :ARG1(z1039, z1026) ∧ have-degree-91(z1039) ∧ :ARG2(z1039, z1040) ∧ high-02(z1040) ∧ :ARG1(z1040, z1035) ∧ :ARG3(z1039, z1041) ∧ equal(z1041) ∧ :ARG4(z1039, z1042) ∧ quality(z1042) ∧ :ARG1(z107, z1042) ∧ receive-01(z107) ∧ :ARG0(z107, z86)


When hypnotized subjects are told that they are deaf and are then asked whether they can hear the hypnotist, they reply, No.  Some theorists try to explain this result by arguing that the selves of hypnotized subjects are dissociated into separate parts, and that the part that is deaf is dissociated from the part that replies.

Question: Which of the following challenges indicates the most serious weakness in the attempted explanation described above?

Choices:
- Why does the part that replies not answer, Yes?
- Why do the subjects appear to accept the hypnotist's suggestion that they are deaf?
- Why do hypnotized subjects all respond the same way in the situation described?
- Why are the observed facts in need of any special explanation?

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / reply-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / subject
                        :ARG1-of (z3 / hypnotize-01))
              :ARG1 (z4 / no)
              :time (z5 / and
                        :op1 (z6 / tell-01
                                 :ARG1 (z7 / deaf
                                           :domain z2)
                                 :ARG2 z2)
                        :op2 (z8 / ask-01
                                 :ARG1 (z9 / truth-value
                                           :polarity-of (z10 / possible-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z11 / hear-01
                                                                        :ARG0 z2
                                                                        :ARG2 (z12 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z13 / hypnotize-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z2)))))
                                 :ARG2 z2
                                 :time (z14 / then))))
    :snt2 (z15 / try-01
               :ARG0 (z16 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z17 / theorize-01)
                          :mod (z18 / some))
               :ARG1 (z19 / explain-01
                          :ARG0 z16
                          :ARG1 (z20 / thing
                                     :ARG2-of (z21 / result-01)
                                     :mod (z22 / this))
                          :manner (z23 / argue-01
                                       :ARG0 z16
                                       :ARG1 (z24 / and
                                                  :op1 (z25 / dissociate-01
                                                            :ARG1 (z26 / part
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z27 / separate-02)
                                                                       :part-of (z28 / subject
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z29 / hypnotize-01))))
                                                  :op2 (z30 / dissociate-01
                                                            :ARG1 (z31 / part
                                                                       :ARG0-of (z32 / deaf-02))
                                                            :ARG2 (z33 / part
                                                                       :ARG0-of (z34 / reply-01)))))))
    :snt3 (z35 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z36 / ceremony
                          :purpose (z37 / blow-01))
               :direction (z38 / ahead))
    :snt4 (z39 / dissociate-01
               :ARG1 (z40 / part
                          :ARG0-of (z41 / deaf-01)
                          :part z40)
               :ARG2 (z42 / part
                          :ARG0-of (z43 / reply-01))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ reply-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ subject(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z2) ∧ hypnotize-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ no(z4) ∧ :time(z1, z5) ∧ and(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, z6) ∧ tell-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ deaf(z7) ∧ :domain(z7, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z2) ∧ :op2(z5, z8) ∧ ask-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ truth-value(z9) ∧ :polarity(z10, z9) ∧ possible-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ hear-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ person(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z12) ∧ hypnotize-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z8, z2) ∧ :time(z8, z14) ∧ then(z14) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ try-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ person(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z16) ∧ theorize-01(z17) ∧ :mod(z16, z18) ∧ some(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z19) ∧ explain-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ thing(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z20) ∧ result-01(z21) ∧ :mod(z20, z22) ∧ this(z22) ∧ :manner(z19, z23) ∧ argue-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ and(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z25) ∧ dissociate-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ part(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z26) ∧ separate-02(z27) ∧ :part(z28, z26) ∧ subject(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z28) ∧ hypnotize-01(z29) ∧ :op2(z24, z30) ∧ dissociate-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ part(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z31) ∧ deaf-02(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z33) ∧ part(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z33) ∧ reply-01(z34) ∧ :snt3(z0, z35) ∧ go-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ ceremony(z36) ∧ :purpose(z36, z37) ∧ blow-01(z37) ∧ :direction(z35, z38) ∧ ahead(z38) ∧ :snt4(z0, z39) ∧ dissociate-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ part(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z40) ∧ deaf-01(z41) ∧ :part(z40, z40) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z42) ∧ part(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z42) ∧ reply-01(z43)


False empathy bias, also known as false consistency deviation, means that people often overestimate or exaggerate the universality of their beliefs, judgments and behaviors. When knowing others, they always like to give their own characteristics to others, assuming that they are the same as themselves, and when they encounter conflicting information, they will firmly believe in the correctness of their beliefs and judgments.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to false empathy bias?

Choices:
- Xiaoming likes playing online games very much and often skips classes to play games. He thinks that those students who study all day long are unable to play because they want to play closely at home.
- Zhang and Li are both young teachers in the College of Humanities. They often discuss academic issues together. They often hold different opinions and think that the other is wrong.
- The mother sweated while taking care of the children while doing the housework, so she took off her coat. She was afraid that the child next to her would be hot, so she helped the child take off her clothes, causing the child to catch a cold.
- Some college students will hang billboards around the campus to get paid, they think that those who do not agree to hang up are arrogant cowards, while those who do not agree to hang billboards will think that those who agree to hang up are pretending to be crazy and foolish.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / mean-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / bias-01
                        :ARG3 (z3 / empathy)
                        :mod (z4 / false)
                        :ARG1-of (z5 / know-02
                                     :ARG2 (z6 / deviate-01
                                               :ARG1 (z7 / consistent-02
                                                         :mod z4)
                                               :mod z4)
                                     :mod (z8 / also)))
              :ARG2 (z9 / or
                        :op1 (z10 / overestimate-01
                                  :ARG0 (z11 / person)
                                  :ARG1 (z12 / universal
                                             :domain (z13 / and
                                                          :op1 (z14 / believe-01
                                                                    :ARG0 z11)
                                                          :op2 (z15 / judge-01
                                                                    :ARG0 z11)
                                                          :op3 (z16 / behave-01
                                                                    :ARG0 z11))))
                        :op2 (z17 / exaggerate-01
                                  :ARG0 z11
                                  :ARG1 z12)
                        :frequency (z18 / often)))
    :snt2 (z19 / and
               :op1 (z20 / like-01
                         :ARG0 (z21 / they)
                         :ARG1 (z22 / give-01
                                    :ARG0 z21
                                    :ARG1 (z23 / thing
                                               :ARG2-of (z24 / characteristic-02
                                                             :ARG1 z21))
                                    :ARG2 (z25 / other)
                                    :manner (z26 / assume-02
                                                 :ARG0 z21
                                                 :ARG1 (z27 / same-01
                                                            :ARG1 z25
                                                            :ARG2 z21)))
                         :time (z28 / always)
                         :time (z29 / know-02
                                    :ARG0 z21
                                    :ARG1 z25))
               :op2 (z30 / believe-01
                         :ARG0 z21
                         :ARG1 (z31 / correct-02
                                    :ARG1 (z32 / and
                                               :op1 (z33 / believe-01
                                                         :ARG0 z21)
                                               :op2 (z34 / judge-01
                                                         :ARG0 z21)))
                         :ARG1-of (z35 / firm-03)
                         :time (z36 / encounter-01
                                    :ARG0 z21
                                    :ARG1 (z37 / information
                                               :ARG0-of (z38 / conflict-01)))))
    :snt3 (z39 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z40 / like-01
                          :ARG0 z21
                          :ARG1 (z41 / give-01
                                     :ARG0 z21
                                     :ARG1 (z42 / thing
                                                :ARG2-of (z43 / characteristic-02
                                                              :ARG1 z21))
                                     :ARG2 z25)
                          :time (z44 / always)
                          :time (z45 / know-02
                                     :ARG0 z21
                                     :ARG1 (z46 / person
                                                :mod (z47 / other))))
               :snt4 (z48 / and
                          :op1 (z49 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 (z50 / time)
                                    :direction (z51 / out))
                          :op2 (z52 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 (z53 / time)
                                    :direction (z54 / back))
                          :time (z55 / encounter-01
                                     :ARG0 z21
                                     :ARG1 (z56 / information
                                                :ARG0-of (z57 / conflict-01))))
               :snt5 (z58 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z59 / believe-01
                                     :ARG0 z21
                                     :ARG1 (z60 / correctness
                                                :domain (z61 / and
                                                             :op1 (z62 / believe-01
                                                                       :ARG0 z21)
                                                             :op2 (z63 / judge-01
                                                                       :ARG0 z21)))
                                     :ARG1-of (z64 / firm-03))
                          :ARG2 (z65 / encounter-01
                                     :ARG0 z21
                                     :ARG1 (z66 / information
                                                :ARG0-of (z67 / conflict-01)))))
    :snt1 (z68 / mean-01
               :ARG1 (z69 / bias-01
                          :ARG3 (z70 / empathy
                                     :mod (z71 / false)))
               :ARG2 (z72 / mean-01
                          :ARG1 z69
                          :ARG2 (z73 / deviate-01
                                     :ARG1 (z74 / consistent-02
                                                :polarity -)
                                     :mod (z75 / false)))))


Confirmation bias refers to the fact that once a belief is established, people try to find examples that are consistent with it and ignore those that are not.

Question: Based on the above definition, which of the following is the most likely the confirmation bias?

Choices:
- Despite being told that all kimchi ingredients in the pickle jar are made at the same time, chef Xiao Huang still thinks that using the kimchi in the yellow jar to cook fish-flavored pork will be more delicious.
- The stock manager told a client named Xiaoming that a stock would go up while telling other clients behind his back that the stock would go down. As a result, the stock went up, so Xiaoming trusted the manager very much.
- Xiaogang was obsessed with the lottery because he thought it would be a windfall one day. Though he never won the lottery, he idled around all day and even took out a loan to buy a lottery ticket.
- Xiaodong often worried when he heard some so called Prophet conclude that he was going to be in a car accident. Eventually, after a brush with another vehicle, Xiaodong trusted the prophet more.

(z0 / refer-01
    :ARG1 (z1 / bias-01
              :ARG3 (z2 / confirm-01))
    :ARG2 (z3 / and
              :op1 (z4 / try-01
                       :ARG0 (z5 / person)
                       :ARG1 (z6 / find-01
                                 :ARG0 z5
                                 :ARG1 (z7 / example
                                           :ARG1-of (z8 / consistent-01
                                                        :ARG2 z20))))
              :op2 (z9 / ignore-01
                       :ARG0 z5
                       :ARG1 (z10 / example
                                  :ARG1-of (z11 / consistent-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG2 z20)))
              :time (z12 / establish-01
                         :ARG1 (z13 / thing
                                    :ARG1-of (z14 / believe-01))))
    :ARG1-of (z15 / refer-03
                  :ARG0 z1))

refer-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ bias-01(z1) ∧ :ARG3(z1, z2) ∧ confirm-01(z2) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z3) ∧ and(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, z4) ∧ try-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ person(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z6) ∧ find-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ example(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ consistent-01(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z8, z20) ∧ :op2(z3, z9) ∧ ignore-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z5) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ example(z10) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ consistent-01(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z20)) ∧ :time(z3, z12) ∧ establish-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ thing(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ believe-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z0) ∧ refer-03(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z1)


A special education program for 3-and 5-year-olds in the study increases their chances of success in school education in the future, according to a study. Therefore, similar educational programmes for all children will improve their chances of success in future school education.

Question: Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above point of view?

Choices:
- In the United States, parents of preschoolers are attracted by the popularity of education, and they do not know what kind of early education is beneficial for their children
- Children's cognitive ability is constantly changing at the age of 3 to 5 years old
- The investigators did not realize that they included a large number of children who had previously received another kind of education and training
- Many parents mistakenly believe that early formal education will take up time when children can better explore the world on their own

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / study-01)
              :ARG1 (z3 / increase-01
                        :ARG0 (z4 / program
                                  :topic (z5 / educate-01
                                             :ARG1 (z6 / and
                                                       :op1 (z7 / person
                                                                :age (z8 / temporal-quantity
                                                                         :quant 3
                                                                         :unit (z9 / year)))
                                                       :op2 (z10 / person
                                                                 :age (z11 / temporal-quantity
                                                                           :quant 5
                                                                           :unit (z12 / year))))
                                             :ARG1-of (z13 / special-02))
                                  :beneficiary (z14 / person
                                                    :ARG1-of (z15 / study-01)))
                        :ARG1 (z16 / chance-02
                                   :ARG0 z14
                                   :ARG1 (z17 / succeed-01
                                              :ARG0 z14
                                              :ARG1 (z18 / educate-01
                                                         :mod (z19 / school))
                                              :time (z20 / future)))))
    :snt2 (z21 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z22 / improve-01
                          :ARG0 (z23 / program
                                     :topic (z24 / educate-01)
                                     :ARG1-of (z25 / resemble-01)
                                     :beneficiary (z26 / child
                                                       :mod (z27 / all)))
                          :ARG1 (z28 / chance-02
                                     :ARG0 z26
                                     :ARG1 (z29 / succeed-01
                                                :ARG0 z26
                                                :ARG1 z18
                                                :time z20))
                          :ARG1-of (z30 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z31 / improve-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z32 / program
                                                              :topic (z33 / educate-01)
                                                              :beneficiary z26
                                                              :ARG1-of z25)
                                                   :ARG1 (z34 / chance-02
                                                              :ARG0 z26
                                                              :ARG1 (z35 / succeed-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z26
                                                                         :ARG1 z18
                                                                         :time (z36 / future)))))))
    :snt3 (z37 / publication-91
               :ARG0 (z38 / i)
               :ARG1 (z39 / study))
    :snt4 (z40 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z42 / have-rel-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z43 / child))
                          :age (z44 / and
                                    :op1 (z45 / temporal-quantity
                                              :quant 3
                                              :unit (z46 / year))
                                    :op2 (z47 / temporal-quantity
                                              :quant 5
                                              :unit (z48 / year))))
               :direction (z49 / out)
               :manner (z50 / sign-01)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ study-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ increase-01(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z4) ∧ program(z4) ∧ :topic(z4, z5) ∧ educate-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ and(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, z7) ∧ person(z7) ∧ :age(z7, z8) ∧ temporal-quantity(z8) ∧ :quant(z8, 3) ∧ :unit(z8, z9) ∧ year(z9) ∧ :op2(z6, z10) ∧ person(z10) ∧ :age(z10, z11) ∧ temporal-quantity(z11) ∧ :quant(z11, 5) ∧ :unit(z11, z12) ∧ year(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z5) ∧ special-02(z13) ∧ :beneficiary(z4, z14) ∧ person(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ study-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z16) ∧ chance-02(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z14) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ succeed-01(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z14) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ educate-01(z18) ∧ :mod(z18, z19) ∧ school(z19) ∧ :time(z17, z20) ∧ future(z20) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ cause-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ improve-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ program(z23) ∧ :topic(z23, z24) ∧ educate-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z23) ∧ resemble-01(z25) ∧ :beneficiary(z23, z26) ∧ child(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ all(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z28) ∧ chance-02(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ succeed-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z18) ∧ :time(z29, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z22) ∧ cause-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ improve-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ program(z32) ∧ :topic(z32, z33) ∧ educate-01(z33) ∧ :beneficiary(z32, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z32) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z34) ∧ chance-02(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ succeed-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z18) ∧ :time(z35, z36) ∧ future(z36) ∧ :snt3(z0, z37) ∧ publication-91(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ i(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z39) ∧ study(z39) ∧ :snt4(z0, z40) ∧ go-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ person(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z41) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z43) ∧ child(z43) ∧ :age(z41, z44) ∧ and(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, z45) ∧ temporal-quantity(z45) ∧ :quant(z45, 3) ∧ :unit(z45, z46) ∧ year(z46) ∧ :op2(z44, z47) ∧ temporal-quantity(z47) ∧ :quant(z47, 5) ∧ :unit(z47, z48) ∧ year(z48) ∧ :direction(z40, z49) ∧ out(z49) ∧ :manner(z40, z50) ∧ sign-01(z50)


Evaporative cooling refers to that the liquid absorbs heat in the process of evaporating into gas, so as to reduce the surrounding temperature and play a cooling effect. Evaporative cooling effect refers to that in the social group composed of people with the same purpose or interest, the value of the group is similar to the overall temperature of the liquid. When the members with higher value leave the community, the average value of the community itself will decrease.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is the evaporative cooling effect?

Choices:
- After the head of a Hip-Hop club in a university graduated, the club never won a good ranking in the Hip-Hop competition.
- A singer in a well-known pop music singing group died unexpectedly, and a large number of fans believed that the departure of this singer caused the overall singing level of the group to be greatly reduced.
- Some teachers of an educational institution left the institution to start their own education company, making the institution's market competition more severe.
- At the beginning of the establishment of the film review team of a social networking site, the number of people was small and the quality of film review was high. Later, a large number of people joined the group to upload film reviews, which reduced the overall quality of film reviews here.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / cool-01
                        :mod (z3 / evaporate-01))
              :ARG2 (z4 / absorb-01
                        :ARG0 (z5 / liquid)
                        :ARG1 (z6 / heat)
                        :time (z7 / process-02
                                  :ARG1 (z8 / evaporate-01
                                            :ARG1 z5
                                            :ARG2 (z9 / gas)))
                        :purpose (z10 / and
                                      :op1 (z11 / reduce-01
                                                :ARG0 z5
                                                :ARG1 (z12 / temperature
                                                           :ARG1-of (z13 / surround-01
                                                                         :ARG2 z5)))
                                      :op2 (z14 / play-02
                                                :ARG0 z5
                                                :ARG1 (z15 / affect-01
                                                           :ARG0 z5
                                                           :ARG2 (z16 / cool-01))))))
    :snt2 (z17 / refer-01
               :ARG1 (z18 / affect-01
                          :ARG0 (z19 / cool-01
                                     :mod (z20 / evaporate-01)))
               :ARG2 (z21 / resemble-01
                          :ARG1 (z22 / value-01
                                     :ARG1 (z23 / group
                                                :mod (z24 / society)
                                                :ARG1-of (z25 / compose-01
                                                              :ARG2 (z26 / person
                                                                         :ARG0-of (z27 / have-03
                                                                                :ARG1 (z28 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z29 / purpose
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z30 / same-01))
                                                                                :op2 (z31 / interest
                                                                                :ARG1-of z30)))))))
                          :ARG2 (z32 / temperature
                                     :mod (z33 / overall)
                                     :poss (z34 / liquid))))
    :snt3 (z35 / decrease-01
               :ARG1 (z36 / value-01
                          :ARG1 (z37 / community)
                          :ARG1-of (z38 / average-01))
               :time (z39 / leave-11
                          :ARG0 (z40 / member
                                     :ARG0-of (z41 / have-03
                                                   :ARG1 (z42 / value
                                                              :ARG1-of (z43 / have-degree-91
                                                                            :ARG2 (z44 / high-02
                                                                                :ARG1 z42)
                                                                            :ARG3 (z45 / more)))))
                          :ARG1 z37)
               :condition (z46 / leave-15
                               :ARG0 (z47 / member
                                          :ARG0-of (z48 / have-03
                                                        :ARG1 (z49 / value-01
                                                                   :ARG1-of (z50 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z51 / high-02
                                                                                :ARG1 z49)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z52 / more)))))
                               :ARG1 z37)))


Babies learn by touching objects, playing around and observing the behavior of adults, but robots usually learn only according to programmed procedures. As a result, some scientists try to develop robots that learn more like babies. They think that since babies are the most efficient learners on earth, why not design robots that can learn as effortlessly as babies?

Question: Which of the following is most likely to be the hypothesis of the above-mentioned scientist's point of view?

Choices:
- Babies are born with learning ability, and their brains are different from those of other animal cubs
- Learning by touching, playing and observing is the most efficient way of learning on earth
- Even the best robots can't learn better than the worst baby learners
- If robots can learn like babies, they may be smarter than humans

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / contrast-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / learn-01
                        :ARG0 (z3 / baby)
                        :manner (z4 / and
                                    :op1 (z5 / touch-01
                                             :ARG0 z3
                                             :ARG1 (z6 / object))
                                    :op2 (z7 / play-01
                                             :ARG0 z3
                                             :location (z8 / around))
                                    :op3 (z9 / observe-01
                                             :ARG0 z3
                                             :ARG1 (z10 / behave-01
                                                        :ARG0 (z11 / adult)))))
              :ARG2 (z12 / learn-01
                         :ARG0 (z13 / robot)
                         :manner (z14 / conform-01
                                      :ARG1 z13
                                      :ARG2 (z15 / procedure
                                                 :ARG1-of (z16 / program-01))
                                      :mod (z17 / only))
                         :mod (z18 / usual)))
    :snt2 (z19 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z20 / try-01
                          :ARG0 (z21 / scientist
                                     :quant (z22 / some))
                          :ARG1 (z23 / develop-02
                                     :ARG0 z21
                                     :ARG1 (z24 / robot
                                                :ARG0-of (z25 / learn-01
                                                              :ARG1-of (z26 / have-degree-91
                                                                            :ARG2 (z27 / resemble-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z24
                                                                                :ARG2 (z28 / baby))
                                                                            :ARG3 (z29 / more))))))
               :snt3 (z30 / think-01
                          :ARG0 (z31 / they)
                          :ARG1 (z32 / cause-01
                                     :ARG0 (z33 / amr-unknown)
                                     :ARG1 (z34 / design-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG1 (z35 / robot
                                                           :ARG1-of (z36 / capable-01
                                                                         :ARG2 (z37 / learn-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z35
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z38 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z39 / easy-05
                                                                                :ARG1 z37)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z40 / equal)
                                                                                :ARG4 (z41 / baby)))))
                                                :ARG3 (z42 / robot
                                                           :ARG1-of (z43 / have-degree-91
                                                                         :ARG2 (z44 / efficient-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z35)
                                                                         :ARG3 (z45 / most)
                                                                         :ARG5 (z46 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Earth"
                                                                                :name (z47 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Earth")))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z48 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z49 / amr-unknown))))
               :snt4 (z50 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z51 / learn-01
                                     :ARG0 (z52 / robot)
                                     :manner (z53 / have-degree-91
                                                  :ARG1 z52
                                                  :ARG2 (z54 / easy-05
                                                             :ARG1 z52)
                                                  :ARG3 (z55 / equal)
                                                  :ARG4 (z56 / baby)))
                          :ARG2 (z57 / and
                                     :op1 (z58 / go-01
                                               :ARG1 (z59 / baby)
                                               :direction (z60 / out))
                                     :op2 (z61 / bouquet-01
                                               :ARG1 z59)))
               :snt5 (z62 / result-01
                          :ARG2 (z63 / try-01
                                     :ARG0 (z64 / scientist)
                                     :ARG1 (z65 / develop-02
                                                :ARG0 z64
                                                :ARG1 (z66 / robot
                                                           :ARG0-of (z67 / learn-01
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z68 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z69 / resemble-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z66
                                                                                :ARG2 (z70 / baby)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z71 / more))))))))
               :snt6 (z72 / think-01
                          :ARG0 (z73 / they)
                          :ARG1 (z74 / cause-01
                                     :ARG0 (z75 / amr-unknown)
                                     :ARG1 (z76 / design-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG1 (z77 / robot
                                                           :ARG0-of (z78 / learn-01
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z79 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z80 / efficient-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z77)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z81 / most)
                                                                                :ARG5 (z82 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z83 / learn-01)
                                                                                :location z46))))
                                                :ARG3 (z84 / design-01
                                                           :ARG1 z77))))
               :snt7 (z85 / learn-01
                          :ARG0 (z86 / baby)
                          :manner (z87 / and
                                       :op1 (z88 / touch-01
                                                 :ARG0 z86
                                                 :ARG1 (z89 / object))
                                       :op2 (z90 / play-01
                                                 :ARG0 z86
                                                 :ARG1 (z91 / behave-01
                                                            :ARG0 (z92 / adult))))
                          :snt8 (z93 / observe-01
                                     :ARG0 z86
                                     :ARG1 (z94 / behave-01
                                                :ARG0 (z95 / adult))))
               :snt9 (z96 / learn-01
                          :ARG0 (z97 / baby)
                          :manner (z98 / and
                                       :op1 (z99 / touch-03
                                                 :ARG0 z97
                                                 :ARG1 (z100 / object))
                                       :op2 (z101 / play-01
                                                  :ARG0 z97
                                                  :ARG1 (z102 / around))))
               :snt10 (z103 / learn-01
                            :ARG0 (z1000 / robot)
                            :manner (z1001 / conform-01
                                           :ARG1 (z1002 / procedure
                                                        :ARG1-of (z1003 / program-01)))
                            :ARG2 (z1004 / procedure
                                         :ARG1-of (z1005 / conform-01
                                                         :ARG2 z1004)
                                         :mod (z1006 / only)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ contrast-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ learn-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ baby(z3) ∧ :manner(z2, z4) ∧ and(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, z5) ∧ touch-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ object(z6) ∧ :op2(z4, z7) ∧ play-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z3) ∧ :location(z7, z8) ∧ around(z8) ∧ :op3(z4, z9) ∧ observe-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ behave-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ adult(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z12) ∧ learn-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ robot(z13) ∧ :manner(z12, z14) ∧ conform-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ procedure(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ program-01(z16) ∧ :mod(z14, z17) ∧ only(z17) ∧ :mod(z12, z18) ∧ usual(z18) ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ cause-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ try-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ scientist(z21) ∧ :quant(z21, z22) ∧ some(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z23) ∧ develop-02(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z21) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ robot(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z24) ∧ learn-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z25) ∧ have-degree-91(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z27) ∧ resemble-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z24) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z28) ∧ baby(z28) ∧ :ARG3(z26, z29) ∧ more(z29) ∧ :snt3(z19, z30) ∧ think-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ they(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z32) ∧ cause-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ amr-unknown(z33) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z32, z34) ∧ design-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ robot(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z35) ∧ capable-01(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z37) ∧ learn-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ have-degree-91(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z39) ∧ easy-05(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z37) ∧ :ARG3(z38, z40) ∧ equal(z40) ∧ :ARG4(z38, z41) ∧ baby(z41) ∧ :ARG3(z34, z42) ∧ robot(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ have-degree-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ efficient-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z35) ∧ :ARG3(z43, z45) ∧ most(z45) ∧ :ARG5(z43, z46) ∧ planet(z46) ∧ :wiki(z46, "Earth") ∧ :name(z46, z47) ∧ name(z47) ∧ :op1(z47, "Earth")) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z32) ∧ cause-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z49) ∧ amr-unknown(z49) ∧ :snt4(z19, z50) ∧ have-concession-91(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ learn-01(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z52) ∧ robot(z52) ∧ :manner(z51, z53) ∧ have-degree-91(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z52) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z54) ∧ easy-05(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z52) ∧ :ARG3(z53, z55) ∧ equal(z55) ∧ :ARG4(z53, z56) ∧ baby(z56) ∧ :ARG2(z50, z57) ∧ and(z57) ∧ :op1(z57, z58) ∧ go-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ baby(z59) ∧ :direction(z58, z60) ∧ out(z60) ∧ :op2(z57, z61) ∧ bouquet-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z59) ∧ :snt5(z19, z62) ∧ result-01(z62) ∧ :ARG2(z62, z63) ∧ try-01(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z64) ∧ scientist(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z65) ∧ develop-02(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z64) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ robot(z66) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z66) ∧ learn-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z67) ∧ have-degree-91(z68) ∧ :ARG2(z68, z69) ∧ resemble-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z66) ∧ :ARG2(z69, z70) ∧ baby(z70) ∧ :ARG3(z69, z71) ∧ more(z71) ∧ :snt6(z19, z72) ∧ think-01(z72) ∧ :ARG0(z72, z73) ∧ they(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z74) ∧ cause-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z75) ∧ amr-unknown(z75) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z74, z76) ∧ design-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ robot(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z78, z77) ∧ learn-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z78) ∧ have-degree-91(z79) ∧ :ARG2(z79, z80) ∧ efficient-01(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z77) ∧ :ARG3(z79, z81) ∧ most(z81) ∧ :ARG5(z79, z82) ∧ person(z82) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z82) ∧ learn-01(z83) ∧ :location(z82, z46) ∧ :ARG3(z76, z84) ∧ design-01(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z77)) ∧ :snt7(z19, z85) ∧ learn-01(z85) ∧ :ARG0(z85, z86) ∧ baby(z86) ∧ :manner(z85, z87) ∧ and(z87) ∧ :op1(z87, z88) ∧ touch-01(z88) ∧ :ARG0(z88, z86) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z89) ∧ object(z89) ∧ :op2(z87, z90) ∧ play-01(z90) ∧ :ARG0(z90, z86) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z91) ∧ behave-01(z91) ∧ :ARG0(z91, z92) ∧ adult(z92) ∧ :snt8(z85, z93) ∧ observe-01(z93) ∧ :ARG0(z93, z86) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z94) ∧ behave-01(z94) ∧ :ARG0(z94, z95) ∧ adult(z95) ∧ :snt9(z19, z96) ∧ learn-01(z96) ∧ :ARG0(z96, z97) ∧ baby(z97) ∧ :manner(z96, z98) ∧ and(z98) ∧ :op1(z98, z99) ∧ touch-03(z99) ∧ :ARG0(z99, z97) ∧ :ARG1(z99, z100) ∧ object(z100) ∧ :op2(z98, z101) ∧ play-01(z101) ∧ :ARG0(z101, z97) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ around(z102) ∧ :snt10(z19, z103) ∧ learn-01(z103) ∧ :ARG0(z103, z1000) ∧ robot(z1000) ∧ :manner(z103, z1001) ∧ conform-01(z1001) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1002) ∧ procedure(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1002) ∧ program-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG2(z103, z1004) ∧ procedure(z1004) ∧ :ARG1(z1005, z1004) ∧ conform-01(z1005) ∧ :ARG2(z1005, z1004) ∧ :mod(z1004, z1006) ∧ only(z1006)


Stem cells are all over the human body, which fascinates scientists because they have the ability to become any type of cells. This ability means that they may repair or replace damaged tissue. While stimulating the growth of stem cells by laser is likely to achieve tissue growth, researchers believe that laser technology may become a tool for change in the field of medicine.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- The principle of the effect of different wave bands of laser on body tissue is not clear.
- Some cases have shown that laser can damage children's retina and affect their vision.
- At present, laser stimulated growth has not been tested on human body, and the risk remains to be evaluated.
- Laser treatment of molars with cavities can gradually restore the damaged tooth tissue.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / be-located-at-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / cell
                        :mod (z3 / stem))
              :ARG2 (z4 / all-over
                        :op1 (z5 / body
                                 :mod (z6 / human)))
              :ARG0-of (z7 / fascinate-01
                           :ARG1 (z8 / scientist)
                           :ARG1-of (z9 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z10 / capable-01
                                                   :ARG1 z2
                                                   :ARG2 (z11 / become-01
                                                              :ARG1 z2
                                                              :ARG2 (z12 / cell
                                                                         :mod (z13 / type
                                                                                :mod (z14 / any))))))))
    :snt2 (z15 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z16 / believe-01
                          :ARG0 (z17 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z18 / research-01))
                          :ARG1 (z19 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z20 / become-01
                                                :ARG1 (z21 / technology
                                                           :mod (z22 / laser))
                                                :ARG2 (z23 / tool
                                                           :purpose (z24 / change-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z25 / field
                                                                                :mod (z26 / medicine)))))))
               :ARG2 (z27 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z28 / achieve-01
                                     :ARG0 (z29 / stimulate-01
                                                :ARG0 (z30 / laser)
                                                :ARG1 (z31 / grow-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z32 / cell
                                                                      :mod (z33 / stem))))
                                     :ARG1 (z34 / grow-01
                                                :ARG1 (z35 / tissue)))))
    :snt3 (z36 / mean-01
               :ARG1 (z37 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z38 / or
                                     :op1 (z39 / repair-01
                                               :ARG0 (z40 / they)
                                               :ARG1 (z41 / tissue
                                                          :ARG1-of (z42 / damage-01)))
                                     :op2 (z43 / replace-01
                                               :ARG0 z40
                                               :ARG1 z41)))
               :ARG2 (z44 / capable-01
                          :ARG1 z40
                          :ARG2 (z45 / become-01
                                     :ARG1 z40
                                     :ARG2 (z46 / cell
                                                :mod (z47 / type
                                                          :mod (z48 / any))))
                          :mod (z49 / this)))
    :snt4 (z50 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z51 / believe-01
                          :ARG0 (z52 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z53 / research-01))
                          :ARG1 (z54 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z55 / become-01
                                                :ARG1 (z56 / technology
                                                           :mod (z57 / laser))
                                                :ARG2 (z58 / tool
                                                           :purpose (z59 / change-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z60 / field
                                                                                :mod (z61 / medicine)))))))
               :ARG2 (z62 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z63 / achieve-01
                                     :ARG0 (z64 / stimulate-01
                                                :ARG0 (z65 / laser)
                                                :ARG1 (z66 / grow-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z67 / cell)))
                                     :ARG1 (z68 / grow-01
                                                :ARG1 (z69 / tissue))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ be-located-at-91(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ cell(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ stem(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ all-over(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, z5) ∧ body(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ human(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z1) ∧ fascinate-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ scientist(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z7) ∧ cause-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ capable-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z10, z11) ∧ become-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ cell(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ type(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ any(z14) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ contrast-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ believe-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ research-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z19) ∧ possible-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ become-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ technology(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ laser(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z23) ∧ tool(z23) ∧ :purpose(z23, z24) ∧ change-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ field(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ medicine(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z27) ∧ likely-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ achieve-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ stimulate-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ laser(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z31) ∧ grow-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ cell(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ stem(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z34) ∧ grow-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ tissue(z35) ∧ :snt3(z0, z36) ∧ mean-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ possible-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ or(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, z39) ∧ repair-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z40) ∧ they(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z41) ∧ tissue(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ damage-01(z42) ∧ :op2(z38, z43) ∧ replace-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z40) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z44) ∧ capable-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z40) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z45) ∧ become-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z40) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z46) ∧ cell(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ type(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z48) ∧ any(z48) ∧ :mod(z44, z49) ∧ this(z49) ∧ :snt4(z0, z50) ∧ have-concession-91(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ believe-01(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z52) ∧ person(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z53, z52) ∧ research-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z54) ∧ possible-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ become-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ technology(z56) ∧ :mod(z56, z57) ∧ laser(z57) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z58) ∧ tool(z58) ∧ :purpose(z58, z59) ∧ change-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ field(z60) ∧ :mod(z60, z61) ∧ medicine(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z50, z62) ∧ likely-01(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ achieve-01(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z64) ∧ stimulate-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ laser(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z66) ∧ grow-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ cell(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z68) ∧ grow-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ tissue(z69)


Plantings of cotton bioengineered to produce its own insecticide against bollworms, a major cause of crop failure, sustained little bollworm damage until this year. This year the plantings are being seriously damaged by bollworms. Bollworms, however, are not necessarily developing resistance to the cotton' s insecticide. Bollworms breed on corn, and last year more corn than usual was planted throughout cotton-growing regions. So it is likely that the cotton is simply being overwhelmed by corn-bred bollworms.

Question: In evaluating the argument, which of the following would it be most useful to establish?

Choices:
- Whether plantings of cotton that does not produce the insecticide are suffering unusually extensive damage from bollworms this year
- Whether corn could be bioengineered to produce the insecticide
- Whether there are insecticides that can be used against bollworms that have developed resistance to the insecticide produced by the bioengineered cotton
- Whether plantings of bioengineered cotton are frequently damaged by insect pests other than bollworms

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / damage-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / bollworm)
              :ARG1 (z3 / thing
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / plant-01))
              :ARG1-of (z5 / serious-02)
              :time (z6 / year
                        :mod (z7 / this)))
    :snt2 (z8 / sustain-01
              :ARG0 (z9 / plant-01
                        :ARG1 (z10 / cotton
                                   :ARG1-of (z11 / engineer-01
                                                 :ARG2 (z12 / produce-01
                                                            :ARG0 z10
                                                            :ARG1 (z13 / insecticide
                                                                       :ARG0-of (z14 / counter-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z15 / bollworm
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z16 / cause-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z17 / fail-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z18 / crop)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z19 / major-02))))
                                                                                :poss z10))))))
              :ARG1 (z20 / damage-01
                         :ARG0 (z21 / bollworm)
                         :ARG1 z9
                         :quant (z22 / little))
              :time (z23 / until
                         :op1 (z24 / year
                                   :mod (z25 / this))))
    :snt3 (z26 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z27 / need-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z28 / develop-02
                                     :ARG0 (z29 / bollworm)
                                     :ARG1 (z30 / resist-01
                                                :ARG0 z29
                                                :ARG1 (z31 / insecticide
                                                           :poss (z32 / cotton))))))
    :snt4 (z33 / and
               :op1 (z34 / breed-01
                         :ARG0 (z35 / bollworm)
                         :ARG1 (z36 / corn))
               :op2 (z37 / plant-01
                         :ARG1 (z38 / corn
                                    :ARG1-of (z39 / have-quant-91
                                                  :ARG3 (z40 / more)
                                                  :ARG4 (z41 / corn
                                                             :mod (z42 / usual))))
                         :location (z43 / region
                                        :location-of (z44 / grow-03
                                                          :ARG1 (z45 / cotton)))
                         :time (z46 / year
                                    :mod (z47 / last)))
               :snt5 (z48 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z49 / overwhelm-01
                                     :ARG0 (z50 / bollworm
                                                :ARG1-of (z51 / breed-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z52 / corn)))
                                     :ARG1 (z53 / cotton)
                                     :ARG1-of (z54 / simple-02))))
    :snt6 (z55 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z56 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z57 / overwhelm-01
                                     :ARG0 (z58 / bollworm
                                                :ARG1-of (z59 / breed-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z60 / corn)))
                                     :ARG1 (z61 / cotton)
                                     :ARG1-of (z62 / simple-02))))
    :snt7 (z63 / and
               :op1 (z64 / breed-01
                         :ARG0 (z65 / bollworm)
                         :ARG1 (z66 / corn))
               :op2 (z67 / plant-01
                         :ARG1 (z68 / corn
                                    :ARG1-of (z69 / have-quant-91
                                                  :ARG3 (z70 / more)
                                                  :ARG4 (z71 / corn
                                                             :mod (z72 / usual))))
                         :ARG2 (z73 / region
                                    :location-of (z74 / grow-03
                                                      :ARG1 (z75 / cotton)))
                         :time (z76 / year
                                    :mod (z77 / last))))
    :snt8 (z78 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z79 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z80 / overwhelm-01
                                     :ARG0 (z81 / bollworm
                                                :ARG1-of (z82 / breed-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z83 / corn)))
                                     :ARG1 (z84 / cotton)
                                     :ARG1-of (z85 / simple-02))))
    :snt9 (z86 / damage-01
               :ARG0 (z87 / bollworm)
               :ARG1 (z88 / plant-01)
               :ARG1-of (z89 / serious-02)
               :time (z90 / year
                          :mod (z91 / this)))
    :snt10 (z92 / damage-01
                :ARG0 (z93 / bollworm)
                :ARG1 (z94 / thing
                           :ARG1-of (z95 / plant-01))
                :degree (z96 / little)
                :time (z97 / until
                           :op1 (z98 / year
                                     :mod (z99 / this)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ damage-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ bollworm(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ thing(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ plant-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z1) ∧ serious-02(z5) ∧ :time(z1, z6) ∧ year(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ this(z7) ∧ :snt2(z0, z8) ∧ sustain-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ plant-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ cotton(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ engineer-01(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ produce-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ insecticide(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z13) ∧ counter-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ bollworm(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z15) ∧ cause-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ fail-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ crop(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z17) ∧ major-02(z19) ∧ :poss(z14, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z20) ∧ damage-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ bollworm(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z9) ∧ :quant(z20, z22) ∧ little(z22) ∧ :time(z8, z23) ∧ until(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, z24) ∧ year(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ this(z25) ∧ :snt3(z0, z26) ∧ have-concession-91(z26) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ need-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ develop-02(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ bollworm(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z30) ∧ resist-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ insecticide(z31) ∧ :poss(z31, z32) ∧ cotton(z32)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z33) ∧ and(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, z34) ∧ breed-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ bollworm(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z36) ∧ corn(z36) ∧ :op2(z33, z37) ∧ plant-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ corn(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z38) ∧ have-quant-91(z39) ∧ :ARG3(z39, z40) ∧ more(z40) ∧ :ARG4(z39, z41) ∧ corn(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ usual(z42) ∧ :location(z37, z43) ∧ region(z43) ∧ :location(z44, z43) ∧ grow-03(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ cotton(z45) ∧ :time(z37, z46) ∧ year(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ last(z47) ∧ :snt5(z33, z48) ∧ likely-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ overwhelm-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z50) ∧ bollworm(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z50) ∧ breed-01(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z52) ∧ corn(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z53) ∧ cotton(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z49) ∧ simple-02(z54) ∧ :snt6(z0, z55) ∧ cause-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ likely-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ overwhelm-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z58) ∧ bollworm(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z58) ∧ breed-01(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z59, z60) ∧ corn(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z61) ∧ cotton(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z57) ∧ simple-02(z62) ∧ :snt7(z0, z63) ∧ and(z63) ∧ :op1(z63, z64) ∧ breed-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ bollworm(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z66) ∧ corn(z66) ∧ :op2(z63, z67) ∧ plant-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ corn(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z68) ∧ have-quant-91(z69) ∧ :ARG3(z69, z70) ∧ more(z70) ∧ :ARG4(z69, z71) ∧ corn(z71) ∧ :mod(z71, z72) ∧ usual(z72) ∧ :ARG2(z67, z73) ∧ region(z73) ∧ :location(z74, z73) ∧ grow-03(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z75) ∧ cotton(z75) ∧ :time(z67, z76) ∧ year(z76) ∧ :mod(z76, z77) ∧ last(z77) ∧ :snt8(z0, z78) ∧ have-concession-91(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ likely-01(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ overwhelm-01(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z80, z81) ∧ bollworm(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z81) ∧ breed-01(z82) ∧ :ARG0(z82, z83) ∧ corn(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z84) ∧ cotton(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z80) ∧ simple-02(z85) ∧ :snt9(z0, z86) ∧ damage-01(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z87) ∧ bollworm(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z88) ∧ plant-01(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z86) ∧ serious-02(z89) ∧ :time(z86, z90) ∧ year(z90) ∧ :mod(z90, z91) ∧ this(z91) ∧ :snt10(z0, z92) ∧ damage-01(z92) ∧ :ARG0(z92, z93) ∧ bollworm(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z94) ∧ thing(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z94) ∧ plant-01(z95) ∧ :degree(z92, z96) ∧ little(z96) ∧ :time(z92, z97) ∧ until(z97) ∧ :op1(z97, z98) ∧ year(z98) ∧ :mod(z98, z99) ∧ this(z99)


There are four assertions about a criminal case: (1) there is evidence that Chen Hu did not commit the crime; (2) the perpetrator is either Wang Guang, Chen Hu, or Zhu Tong; (3) there is also evidence that Wang Guang didn't commit to crime; (4) The TV screen showed that at the time of the crime, Zhu Tong was in the audience of a football game far away from the crime scene.

Question: Which of the followings is a correct description of the four assertions in the above?

Choices:
- From the above assertion it can be deduced that there is only one crime.
- At least one of the above assertions is false.
- From these assertions, it can be deduced that the evidence that Wang Guang did not commit the crime is false.
- Zhu Tong was definitely not in the audience at the football match.

(z0 / assert-02
    :quant 4
    :ARG1 (z1 / case-03
              :ARG1 (z2 / criminal-03))
    :ARG2 (z3 / and
              :op1 (z4 / evidence-01
                       :li 1
                       :ARG1 (z5 / commit-02
                                 :polarity -
                                 :ARG0 (z6 / person
                                           :wiki "Chen_Hu"
                                           :name (z7 / name
                                                     :op1 "Chen"
                                                     :op2 "Hu"))
                                 :ARG1 (z8 / crime-02)))
              :op2 (z9 / evidence-01
                       :li 2
                       :ARG1 (z10 / person
                                  :ARG0-of (z11 / perpetrate-01)
                                  :domain (z12 / or
                                               :op1 (z13 / person
                                                         :wiki "Wang_Guang_(e3000 / entrepreneur)"
                                                         :name (z14 / name
                                                                    :op1 "Wang"
                                                                    :op2 "Guang"))
                                               :op2 (z15 / person
                                                         :wiki "Chen_Hu"
                                                         :name (z16 / name
                                                                    :op1 "Chen"
                                                                    :op2 "Hu"))
                                               :op3 (z17 / person
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z18 / name
                                                                    :op1 "Zhu"
                                                                    :op2 "Tong")))))
              :op3 (z19 / evidence-01
                        :li 3
                        :ARG1 (z20 / commit-01
                                   :polarity -
                                   :ARG1 z13
                                   :ARG2 z8)
                        :mod (z21 / also))
              :op4 (z22 / show-01
                        :li 4
                        :ARG0 (z23 / screen
                                   :mod (z24 / television))
                        :ARG1 (z25 / audience
                                   :mod (z26 / game
                                             :mod (z27 / football))
                                   :location (z28 / away
                                                  :op1 (z29 / scene
                                                            :mod z8)
                                                  :quant (z30 / far))
                                   :time z8))
              :op5 (z31 / appear-01
                        :ARG1 (z32 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z33 / name
                                              :op1 "Zhu"
                                              :op2 "Tong")
                                   :location (z34 / audience
                                                  :mod (z35 / game
                                                            :mod (z36 / football)))
                                   :time z8)
                        :medium (z37 / screen
                                     :mod z24)))
    :topic (z38 / case-03
                :ARG1 (z39 / criminal-03)))

assert-02(z0) ∧ :quant(z0, 4) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ case-03(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ criminal-03(z2) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z3) ∧ and(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, z4) ∧ evidence-01(z4) ∧ :li(z4, 1) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ commit-02(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :wiki(z6, "Chen_Hu") ∧ :name(z6, z7) ∧ name(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, "Chen") ∧ :op2(z7, "Hu") ∧ :ARG1(z5, z8) ∧ crime-02(z8)) ∧ :op2(z3, z9) ∧ evidence-01(z9) ∧ :li(z9, 2) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ person(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z10) ∧ perpetrate-01(z11) ∧ :domain(z10, z12) ∧ or(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ person(z13) ∧ :wiki(z13, "Wang_Guang_(e3000 / entrepreneur)") ∧ :name(z13, z14) ∧ name(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, "Wang") ∧ :op2(z14, "Guang") ∧ :op2(z12, z15) ∧ person(z15) ∧ :wiki(z15, "Chen_Hu") ∧ :name(z15, z16) ∧ name(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, "Chen") ∧ :op2(z16, "Hu") ∧ :op3(z12, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :wiki(z17, -) ∧ :name(z17, z18) ∧ name(z18) ∧ :op1(z18, "Zhu") ∧ :op2(z18, "Tong") ∧ :op3(z3, z19) ∧ evidence-01(z19) ∧ :li(z19, 3) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ commit-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z13) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z8)) ∧ :mod(z19, z21) ∧ also(z21) ∧ :op4(z3, z22) ∧ show-01(z22) ∧ :li(z22, 4) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ screen(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ television(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z25) ∧ audience(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ game(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ football(z27) ∧ :location(z25, z28) ∧ away(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, z29) ∧ scene(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z8) ∧ :quant(z28, z30) ∧ far(z30) ∧ :time(z25, z8) ∧ :op5(z3, z31) ∧ appear-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ person(z32) ∧ :wiki(z32, -) ∧ :name(z32, z33) ∧ name(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, "Zhu") ∧ :op2(z33, "Tong") ∧ :location(z32, z34) ∧ audience(z34) ∧ :mod(z34, z35) ∧ game(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ football(z36) ∧ :time(z32, z8) ∧ :medium(z31, z37) ∧ screen(z37) ∧ :mod(z37, z24) ∧ :topic(z0, z38) ∧ case-03(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ criminal-03(z39)


In July 2018, the State Sports General Administration issued the Notice on Holding the 2018 National E-sports Open, listing some well-known online games as official competitions, and the champions and runners-up of the finals will be eligible for national training. The country is calling on students to boycott Internet addiction and issued the notice at the same time, and it seems to be contradictory.

Question: Which of the followings can best explain this seemingly contradictory phenomenon?

Choices:
- Professional e-sports training is essentially different from entertaining online games.
- Actual combat is not a key factor to improve the level of online games.
- The improvement of online games is inseparable from a lot of practical training.
- For students, studies are far more important than online games.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / issue-01
                       :ARG0 (z3 / government-organization
                                 :wiki -
                                 :name (z4 / name
                                           :op1 "State"
                                           :op2 "Sports"
                                           :op3 "General"
                                           :op4 "Administration"))
                       :ARG1 (z5 / thing
                                 :wiki -
                                 :name (z6 / name
                                           :op1 "Notice"
                                           :op2 "on"
                                           :op3 "Holding"
                                           :op4 "the"
                                           :op5 "2018"
                                           :op6 "National"
                                           :op7 "E-Sports"
                                           :op8 "Open")))
              :op2 (z7 / list-01
                       :ARG0 z3
                       :ARG1 (z8 / game
                                 :medium (z9 / online)
                                 :quant (z10 / some)
                                 :ARG1-of (z11 / know-02
                                               :degree (z12 / well)))
                       :ARG2 (z13 / compete-01
                                  :mod (z14 / official)))
              :op3 (z15 / qualify-02
                        :ARG1 (z16 / and
                                   :op1 (z17 / person
                                             :ARG0-of (z18 / win-01
                                                           :ARG2 (z19 / final)))
                                   :op2 (z20 / person
                                             :ARG0-of (z21 / run-02
                                                           :ARG1 z19)))
                        :ARG2 (z22 / train-01
                                   :mod (z23 / nation)))
              :time (z24 / date-entity
                         :month 7
                         :year 2018))
    :snt2 (z25 / seem-01
               :ARG1 (z26 / contradict-01
                          :ARG0 (z27 / and
                                     :op1 (z28 / call-03
                                               :ARG0 (z29 / country)
                                               :ARG1 (z30 / boycott-01
                                                          :ARG0 z29
                                                          :ARG1 (z31 / addict-01
                                                                     :ARG1 z29
                                                                     :ARG2 (z32 / internet)))
                                               :ARG2 (z33 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z34 / study-01)))
                                     :op2 (z35 / issue-01
                                               :ARG0 z29
                                               :ARG1 (z36 / notice-03)
                                               :time (z37 / time
                                                          :ARG1-of (z38 / same-01))))))
    :ARG1 (z40 / time)
    :ARG4 (z41 / date-entity
               :month 7
               :year 2018)
    :direction (z42 / up))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ issue-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ government-organization(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, -) ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "State") ∧ :op2(z4, "Sports") ∧ :op3(z4, "General") ∧ :op4(z4, "Administration") ∧ :ARG1(z2, z5) ∧ thing(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, -) ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "Notice") ∧ :op2(z6, "on") ∧ :op3(z6, "Holding") ∧ :op4(z6, "the") ∧ :op5(z6, "2018") ∧ :op6(z6, "National") ∧ :op7(z6, "E-Sports") ∧ :op8(z6, "Open") ∧ :op2(z1, z7) ∧ list-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ game(z8) ∧ :medium(z8, z9) ∧ online(z9) ∧ :quant(z8, z10) ∧ some(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z8) ∧ know-02(z11) ∧ :degree(z11, z12) ∧ well(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z13) ∧ compete-01(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ official(z14) ∧ :op3(z1, z15) ∧ qualify-02(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ and(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ win-01(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z19) ∧ final(z19) ∧ :op2(z16, z20) ∧ person(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z20) ∧ run-02(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z19) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z22) ∧ train-01(z22) ∧ :mod(z22, z23) ∧ nation(z23) ∧ :time(z1, z24) ∧ date-entity(z24) ∧ :month(z24, 7) ∧ :year(z24, 2018) ∧ :snt2(z0, z25) ∧ seem-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ contradict-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ call-03(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ country(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z30) ∧ boycott-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ addict-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z29) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z32) ∧ internet(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z33) ∧ person(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z33) ∧ study-01(z34) ∧ :op2(z27, z35) ∧ issue-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ notice-03(z36) ∧ :time(z35, z37) ∧ time(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ same-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z40) ∧ time(z40) ∧ :ARG4(z0, z41) ∧ date-entity(z41) ∧ :month(z41, 7) ∧ :year(z41, 2018) ∧ :direction(z0, z42) ∧ up(z42)