Anthropologist: It was formerly believed that prehistoric Homo sapiens ancestors of contemporary humans interbred with Neanderthals, but DNA testing of a Neanderthal' s remains indicates that this is not the case. The DNA of contemporary humans is significantly different from that of the Neanderthal.

Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the anthropologist's argument?

Choices:
- Any similarity in the DNA of two species must be the result of interbreeding.
- The DNA of prehistoric Homo sapiens ancestors of contemporary humans was not significantly more similar to that of Neanderthals than is the DNA of contemporary humans.
- At least some Neanderthals lived at the same time and in the same places as prehistoric Homo sapiens ancestors of contemporary humans.
- DNA testing of remains is significantly less reliable than DNA testing of samples from living species.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / anthropologist)
              :ARG1 (z3 / contrast-01
                        :ARG1 (z4 / believe-01
                                  :ARG1 (z5 / interbreeder-01
                                            :ARG0 (z6 / person
                                                      :ARG0-of (z7 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                   :ARG1 (z8 / human
                                                                             :mod (z9 / contemporary))
                                                                   :ARG2 (z10 / ancestor
                                                                              :mod (z11 / species
                                                                                :wiki "Homo_sapiens"
                                                                                :name (z12 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Homo"
                                                                                :op2 "Sapiens"))
                                                                              :time (z13 / era
                                                                                :mod (z14 / prehistoric)))))
                                            :ARG1 (z15 / person
                                                       :mod (z16 / species
                                                                 :wiki "Neanderthal"
                                                                 :name (z17 / name
                                                                            :op1 "Neanderthal"))))
                                  :time (z18 / former))
                        :ARG2 (z19 / indicate-01
                                   :ARG0 (z20 / test-01
                                              :ARG1 (z21 / thing
                                                         :ARG1-of (z22 / remain-01)
                                                         :mod z16)
                                              :ARG2 (z23 / nucleic-acid
                                                         :wiki "DNA"
                                                         :name (z24 / name
                                                                    :op1 "DNA")))
                                   :ARG1 (z25 / case
                                              :polarity -
                                              :domain z5))))
    :snt2 (z26 / differ-02
               :ARG1 (z27 / nucleic-acid
                          :wiki "DNA"
                          :name (z28 / name
                                     :op1 "DNA")
                          :poss (z29 / human
                                     :mod (z30 / contemporary)))
               :ARG2 (z31 / nucleic-acid
                          :wiki "DNA"
                          :name (z32 / name
                                     :op1 "DNA")
                          :poss (z33 / person
                                     :mod (z34 / planet
                                               :wiki "Neanderthal"
                                               :name (z35 / name
                                                          :op1 "Neanderthal"))))
               :ARG1-of (z36 / significant-02))
    :snt3 (z37 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z38 / seem-01
                          :ARG1 (z39 / interbreeder-01
                                     :ARG0 (z40 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z41 / have-rel-role-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z42 / ancestor
                                                                         :mod (z43 / species
                                                                                :wiki "Homo_sapiens"
                                                                                :name (z44 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Homo"
                                                                                :op2 "Sapiens"))
                                                                         :time (z45 / prehistoric))))
                                     :ARG1 (z46 / person
                                                :mod (z47 / species
                                                          :wiki "Neanderthal"
                                                          :name (z48 / name
                                                                     :op1 "Neanderthal")))))
               :ARG2 (z49 / seem-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 z39)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ anthropologist(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ contrast-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ believe-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ interbreeder-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z6) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ human(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ contemporary(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z10) ∧ ancestor(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ species(z11) ∧ :wiki(z11, "Homo_sapiens") ∧ :name(z11, z12) ∧ name(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, "Homo") ∧ :op2(z12, "Sapiens") ∧ :time(z10, z13) ∧ era(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ prehistoric(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z15) ∧ person(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ species(z16) ∧ :wiki(z16, "Neanderthal") ∧ :name(z16, z17) ∧ name(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, "Neanderthal") ∧ :time(z4, z18) ∧ former(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z19) ∧ indicate-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ test-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ thing(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z21) ∧ remain-01(z22) ∧ :mod(z21, z16) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z23) ∧ nucleic-acid(z23) ∧ :wiki(z23, "DNA") ∧ :name(z23, z24) ∧ name(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, "DNA") ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z19, z25) ∧ case(z25) ∧ :domain(z25, z5)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z26) ∧ differ-02(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ nucleic-acid(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "DNA") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "DNA") ∧ :poss(z27, z29) ∧ human(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z30) ∧ contemporary(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z31) ∧ nucleic-acid(z31) ∧ :wiki(z31, "DNA") ∧ :name(z31, z32) ∧ name(z32) ∧ :op1(z32, "DNA") ∧ :poss(z31, z33) ∧ person(z33) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ planet(z34) ∧ :wiki(z34, "Neanderthal") ∧ :name(z34, z35) ∧ name(z35) ∧ :op1(z35, "Neanderthal") ∧ :ARG1(z36, z26) ∧ significant-02(z36) ∧ :snt3(z0, z37) ∧ have-concession-91(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ seem-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ interbreeder-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z40) ∧ person(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z40) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ ancestor(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ species(z43) ∧ :wiki(z43, "Homo_sapiens") ∧ :name(z43, z44) ∧ name(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, "Homo") ∧ :op2(z44, "Sapiens") ∧ :time(z42, z45) ∧ prehistoric(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z46) ∧ person(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ species(z47) ∧ :wiki(z47, "Neanderthal") ∧ :name(z47, z48) ∧ name(z48) ∧ :op1(z48, "Neanderthal") ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z37, z49) ∧ seem-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z39))


A street comprehensive management committee has a total of 6 members: F, G, H, I, M and P. Each of these members shall serve as a member of at least one of the three sub-committees under the Comprehensive Management Committee. Each sub-committee consists of three different members. The known information is as follows: one of the six members serves as a member of three subcommittees. F is not a member of the same subcommittee as G. H is not a member of the same subcommittee as I.

Question: Which of the following options must be true?

Choices:
- One of F or G is a member of three sub-committees.
- One of H or I is a member of three sub-committees.
- P or M is a member of only one sub-committee.
- One member happens to be a member of the two sub-committees.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-03
              :ARG0 (z2 / committee
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / manage-01
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / street)
                                     :mod (z5 / comprehensive)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / member
                        :quant 6
                        :ARG2-of (z7 / total-01)
                        :ARG2-of (z8 / include-91
                                     :ARG1 (z9 / and
                                               :op1 (z10 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z11 / name
                                                                    :op1 "F"))
                                               :op2 (z12 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z13 / name
                                                                    :op1 "G"))
                                               :op3 (z14 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z15 / name
                                                                    :op1 "H"))
                                               :op4 (z16 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z17 / name
                                                                    :op1 "I"))
                                               :op5 (z18 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z19 / name
                                                                    :op1 "M"))
                                               :op6 (z20 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z21 / name
                                                                    :op1 "P"))
                                               :op7 (z22 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z23 / name
                                                                    :op1 "H"))
                                               :op8 (z24 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z25 / name
                                                                    :op1 "I"))
                                               :op9 (z26 / member
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z27 / name
                                                                    :op1 "M"))
                                               :op10 (z28 / member
                                                          :wiki -
                                                          :name (z29 / name
                                                                     :op1 "P")))))
              :snt2 (z30 / recommend-01
                         :ARG1 (z31 / serve-01
                                    :ARG0 (z32 / member
                                               :mod (z33 / each)
                                               :ARG1-of (z34 / include-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z35 / member
                                                                        :quant 1
                                                                        :ARG2-of (z36 / have-org-role-91
                                                                                :ARG0 z32
                                                                                :ARG1 (z37 / subcommittee
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z38 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z39 / subcommittee
                                                                                :quant 3
                                                                                :part-of (z40 / organization
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z41 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Comprehensive"
                                                                                :op2 "Management"
                                                                                :op3 "Committee")))))))))
                                    :ARG1 (z42 / member
                                               :ARG2-of (z43 / have-org-role-91
                                                             :ARG0 z32
                                                             :ARG1 (z44 / at-least
                                                                        :op1 (z45 / subcommittee
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z46 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z47 / subcommittee
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :part-of z40))))))))
              :snt3 (z48 / consist-01
                         :ARG1 (z49 / subcommittee
                                    :mod (z50 / each))
                         :ARG2 (z51 / member
                                    :quant 3
                                    :ARG1-of (z52 / differ-02)))
              :snt4 (z53 / consist-01
                         :ARG1 (z54 / subcommittee
                                    :mod (z55 / each))
                         :ARG2 (z56 / member
                                    :quant 3
                                    :ARG1-of (z57 / differ-02)))
              :snt5 (z58 / serve-01
                         :ARG0 (z59 / member
                                    :quant 1
                                    :ARG1-of (z60 / include-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z61 / member
                                                             :quant 6)))
                         :ARG1 (z62 / member
                                    :ARG2-of (z63 / have-org-role-91
                                                  :ARG0 z59
                                                  :ARG1 (z64 / subcommittee
                                                             :quant 3))))
              :snt6 (z65 / information
                         :ARG1-of (z66 / know-01)
                         :ARG1-of (z67 / follow-04)
                         :domain (z68 / and
                                      :op1 (z69 / have-org-role-91
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG0 (z70 / person
                                                           :wiki -
                                                           :name (z71 / name
                                                                      :op1 "F"))
                                                :ARG1 (z72 / subcommittee
                                                           :ARG1-of (z73 / same-01))
                                                :ARG2 (z74 / member))
                                      :op2 (z75 / have-org-role-91
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG0 (z76 / person
                                                           :wiki -
                                                           :name (z77 / name
                                                                      :op1 "H"))
                                                :ARG1 (z78 / subcommittee
                                                           :ARG1-of (z79 / same-01))
                                                :ARG2 (z80 / member))
                                      :op3 (z81 / have-org-role-91
                                                :ARG0 (z82 / person
                                                           :wiki -
                                                           :name (z83 / name
                                                                      :op1 "I"))
                                                :ARG1 (z84 / subcommittee
                                                           :ARG1-of (z85 / same-01
                                                                         :polarity -))
                                                :ARG2 (z86 / member))
                                      :op4 (z87 / have-org-role-91
                                                :ARG0 (z88 / person
                                                           :wiki -
                                                           :name (z89 / name
                                                                      :op1 "H")
                                                           :ARG1-of (z90 / include-91
                                                                         :ARG2 (z91 / subcommittee)))
                                                :ARG2 (z92 / member))
                                      :op5 (z93 / have-org-role-91
                                                :ARG0 (z94 / person
                                                           :wiki -
                                                           :name (z95 / name
                                                                      :op1 "M")
                                                           :ARG1-of (z96 / include-91
                                                                         :ARG2 (z97 / subcommittee)))
                                                :ARG2 (z98 / member))
                                      :op6 (z1000 / person
                                                  :wiki -
                                                  :name (z1001 / name
                                                               :op1 "P")
                                                  :ARG1-of (z1002 / include-91
                                                                  :ARG2 z96))
                                      :op7 (z1003 / person
                                                  :wiki -
                                                  :name (z1004 / name
                                                               :op1 "R.")
                                                  :ARG1-of (z1005 / include-91
                                                                  :ARG2 z96))
                                      :op8 (z1006 / person
                                                  :wiki -
                                                  :name (z1007 / name
                                                               :op1 "M.")
                                                  :ARG1-of (z1008 / include-91
                                                                  :ARG2 z96)
                                                  :op9 (z1009 / member)
                                                  :op10 (z1010 / person
                                                               :wiki -
                                                               :name (z1011 / name
                                                                            :op1 "R."
                                                                            :op2 "M.")
                                                               :ARG1-of (z1012 / include-91
                                                                               :ARG2 z96)
                                                               :op11 (z1013 / person
                                                                            :wiki -
                                                                            :name (z1014 / name
                                                                                :op1 "R."
                                                                                :op2 "M.")
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z1015 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 z96)))
                                                  :op12 (z1016 / person
                                                               :wiki -
                                                               :name (z1017 / name
                                                                            :op1 "R."
                                                                            :op2 "A."
                                                                            :op3 "A."
                                                                            :op4 "A."
                                                                            :op5 "A."
                                                                            :op13 "A."
                                                                            :op14 "Street"
                                                                            :op15 "Management"
                                                                            :op16 "Committee"
                                                                            :op17 "Complete"
                                                                            :op18 "under"
                                                                            :op19 "the"
                                                                            :op21 "Comprehensive"
                                                                            :op22 "Management"
                                                                            :op24 "Committee"
                                                                            :op25 "."
                                                                            :op26 "."
                                                                            :op27 "Complete"
                                                                            :op27 "."
                                                                            :op28 "."
                                                                            :op32 "."
                                                                            :op33 "._A."
                                                                            :op38 "A."
                                                                            :op36 "A."
                                                                            :op38 "A."
                                                                            :op39 "Street"
                                                                            :op41 "Management"
                                                                            :op48 "Committee"
                                                                            :op45 "Complete"
                                                                            :op6 "._A.")))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-03(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ committee(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ manage-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ street(z4) ∧ :mod(z3, z5) ∧ comprehensive(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ member(z6) ∧ :quant(z6, 6) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z6) ∧ total-01(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z8, z6) ∧ include-91(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ and(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ member(z10) ∧ :wiki(z10, -) ∧ :name(z10, z11) ∧ name(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, "F") ∧ :op2(z9, z12) ∧ member(z12) ∧ :wiki(z12, -) ∧ :name(z12, z13) ∧ name(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, "G") ∧ :op3(z9, z14) ∧ member(z14) ∧ :wiki(z14, -) ∧ :name(z14, z15) ∧ name(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, "H") ∧ :op4(z9, z16) ∧ member(z16) ∧ :wiki(z16, -) ∧ :name(z16, z17) ∧ name(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, "I") ∧ :op5(z9, z18) ∧ member(z18) ∧ :wiki(z18, -) ∧ :name(z18, z19) ∧ name(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, "M") ∧ :op6(z9, z20) ∧ member(z20) ∧ :wiki(z20, -) ∧ :name(z20, z21) ∧ name(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, "P") ∧ :op7(z9, z22) ∧ member(z22) ∧ :wiki(z22, -) ∧ :name(z22, z23) ∧ name(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, "H") ∧ :op8(z9, z24) ∧ member(z24) ∧ :wiki(z24, -) ∧ :name(z24, z25) ∧ name(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, "I") ∧ :op9(z9, z26) ∧ member(z26) ∧ :wiki(z26, -) ∧ :name(z26, z27) ∧ name(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, "M") ∧ :op10(z9, z28) ∧ member(z28) ∧ :wiki(z28, -) ∧ :name(z28, z29) ∧ name(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, "P") ∧ :snt2(z1, z30) ∧ recommend-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ serve-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ member(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ each(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z32) ∧ include-91(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z35) ∧ member(z35) ∧ :quant(z35, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z35) ∧ have-org-role-91(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z32) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ subcommittee(z37) ∧ :quant(z37, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ include-91(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z39) ∧ subcommittee(z39) ∧ :quant(z39, 3) ∧ :part(z40, z39) ∧ organization(z40) ∧ :wiki(z40, -) ∧ :name(z40, z41) ∧ name(z41) ∧ :op1(z41, "Comprehensive") ∧ :op2(z41, "Management") ∧ :op3(z41, "Committee") ∧ :ARG1(z31, z42) ∧ member(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z42) ∧ have-org-role-91(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z32) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ at-least(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, z45) ∧ subcommittee(z45) ∧ :quant(z45, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z45) ∧ include-91(z46) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z47) ∧ subcommittee(z47) ∧ :quant(z47, 1) ∧ :part(z40, z47) ∧ :snt3(z1, z48) ∧ consist-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ subcommittee(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ each(z50) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z51) ∧ member(z51) ∧ :quant(z51, 3) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z51) ∧ differ-02(z52) ∧ :snt4(z1, z53) ∧ consist-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ subcommittee(z54) ∧ :mod(z54, z55) ∧ each(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z56) ∧ member(z56) ∧ :quant(z56, 3) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z56) ∧ differ-02(z57) ∧ :snt5(z1, z58) ∧ serve-01(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z59) ∧ member(z59) ∧ :quant(z59, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z59) ∧ include-91(z60) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z61) ∧ member(z61) ∧ :quant(z61, 6) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z62) ∧ member(z62) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z62) ∧ have-org-role-91(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z59) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ subcommittee(z64) ∧ :quant(z64, 3) ∧ :snt6(z1, z65) ∧ information(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z65) ∧ know-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z65) ∧ follow-04(z67) ∧ :domain(z65, z68) ∧ and(z68) ∧ ¬(:op1(z68, z69) ∧ have-org-role-91(z69) ∧ :ARG0(z69, z70) ∧ person(z70) ∧ :wiki(z70, -) ∧ :name(z70, z71) ∧ name(z71) ∧ :op1(z71, "F") ∧ :ARG1(z69, z72) ∧ subcommittee(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z72) ∧ same-01(z73) ∧ :ARG2(z69, z74) ∧ member(z74)) ∧ ¬(:op2(z68, z75) ∧ have-org-role-91(z75) ∧ :ARG0(z75, z76) ∧ person(z76) ∧ :wiki(z76, -) ∧ :name(z76, z77) ∧ name(z77) ∧ :op1(z77, "H") ∧ :ARG1(z75, z78) ∧ subcommittee(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z78) ∧ same-01(z79) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z80) ∧ member(z80)) ∧ :op3(z68, z81) ∧ have-org-role-91(z81) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z82) ∧ person(z82) ∧ :wiki(z82, -) ∧ :name(z82, z83) ∧ name(z83) ∧ :op1(z83, "I") ∧ :ARG1(z81, z84) ∧ subcommittee(z84) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z85, z84) ∧ same-01(z85)) ∧ :ARG2(z81, z86) ∧ member(z86) ∧ :op4(z68, z87) ∧ have-org-role-91(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z88) ∧ person(z88) ∧ :wiki(z88, -) ∧ :name(z88, z89) ∧ name(z89) ∧ :op1(z89, "H") ∧ :ARG1(z90, z88) ∧ include-91(z90) ∧ :ARG2(z90, z91) ∧ subcommittee(z91) ∧ :ARG2(z87, z92) ∧ member(z92) ∧ :op5(z68, z93) ∧ have-org-role-91(z93) ∧ :ARG0(z93, z94) ∧ person(z94) ∧ :wiki(z94, -) ∧ :name(z94, z95) ∧ name(z95) ∧ :op1(z95, "M") ∧ :ARG1(z96, z94) ∧ include-91(z96) ∧ :ARG2(z96, z97) ∧ subcommittee(z97) ∧ :ARG2(z93, z98) ∧ member(z98) ∧ :op6(z68, z1000) ∧ person(z1000) ∧ :wiki(z1000, -) ∧ :name(z1000, z1001) ∧ name(z1001) ∧ :op1(z1001, "P") ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z1000) ∧ include-91(z1002) ∧ :ARG2(z1002, z96) ∧ :op7(z68, z1003) ∧ person(z1003) ∧ :wiki(z1003, -) ∧ :name(z1003, z1004) ∧ name(z1004) ∧ :op1(z1004, "R.") ∧ :ARG1(z1005, z1003) ∧ include-91(z1005) ∧ :ARG2(z1005, z96) ∧ :op8(z68, z1006) ∧ person(z1006) ∧ :wiki(z1006, -) ∧ :name(z1006, z1007) ∧ name(z1007) ∧ :op1(z1007, "M.") ∧ :ARG1(z1008, z1006) ∧ include-91(z1008) ∧ :ARG2(z1008, z96) ∧ :op9(z1006, z1009) ∧ member(z1009) ∧ :op10(z1006, z1010) ∧ person(z1010) ∧ :wiki(z1010, -) ∧ :name(z1010, z1011) ∧ name(z1011) ∧ :op1(z1011, "R.") ∧ :op2(z1011, "M.") ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1010) ∧ include-91(z1012) ∧ :ARG2(z1012, z96) ∧ :op11(z1010, z1013) ∧ person(z1013) ∧ :wiki(z1013, -) ∧ :name(z1013, z1014) ∧ name(z1014) ∧ :op1(z1014, "R.") ∧ :op2(z1014, "M.") ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1013) ∧ include-91(z1015) ∧ :ARG2(z1015, z96) ∧ :op12(z1006, z1016) ∧ person(z1016) ∧ :wiki(z1016, -) ∧ :name(z1016, z1017) ∧ name(z1017) ∧ :op1(z1017, "R.") ∧ :op2(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op3(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op4(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op5(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op13(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op14(z1017, "Street") ∧ :op15(z1017, "Management") ∧ :op16(z1017, "Committee") ∧ :op17(z1017, "Complete") ∧ :op18(z1017, "under") ∧ :op19(z1017, "the") ∧ :op21(z1017, "Comprehensive") ∧ :op22(z1017, "Management") ∧ :op24(z1017, "Committee") ∧ :op25(z1017, ".") ∧ :op26(z1017, ".") ∧ :op27(z1017, "Complete") ∧ :op27(z1017, ".") ∧ :op28(z1017, ".") ∧ :op32(z1017, ".") ∧ :op33(z1017, "._A.") ∧ :op38(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op36(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op38(z1017, "A.") ∧ :op39(z1017, "Street") ∧ :op41(z1017, "Management") ∧ :op48(z1017, "Committee") ∧ :op45(z1017, "Complete") ∧ :op6(z1017, "._A.")


Whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. However, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.

Question: If the voters' reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?

Choices:
- Major political scandals can practically always be blamed on incumbents, but whether those incumbents should be voted out of office depends on who their challengers are.
- When a major political scandal is blamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment is more accurate than any judgment that incumbents from only one party are to blame.
- When major political scandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than of the parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible must be penalized when possible.
- Incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal should not seek reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned to office.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / return-02
              :ARG1 (z2 / incumbent
                        :mod (z3 / all
                                 :mod (z4 / virtual))
                        :source (z5 / party
                                    :mod (z6 / whatever))
                        :ARG0-of (z7 / seek-01
                                     :ARG1 (z8 / reelect-01
                                               :ARG1 z2)))
              :ARG2 (z9 / office)
              :time (z10 / and
                         :op1 (z11 / erupt-01
                                   :ARG1 (z12 / scandal
                                              :mod (z13 / politics)
                                              :ARG1-of (z14 / major-02))
                                   :time (z15 / before
                                              :op1 (z16 / elect-01))
                                   :time (z17 / any))
                         :op2 (z18 / blame-01
                                   :ARG0 (z19 / person
                                              :ARG0-of (z20 / vote-01))
                                   :ARG1 (z21 / party
                                              :mod (z22 / all))
                                   :ARG2 z12
                                   :ARG1-of (z23 / equal-01
                                                 :degree (z24 / about)))))
    :snt2 (z25 / return-01
               :ARG1 (z26 / incumbent
                          :mod (z27 / all)
                          :source (z28 / party
                                       :mod (z29 / whatever))
                          :ARG0-of (z30 / seek-01
                                        :ARG1 (z31 / reelect-01
                                                   :ARG1 z26)))
               :ARG4 (z32 / office)
               :time (z33 / and
                          :op1 (z34 / erupt-01
                                    :ARG1 (z35 / scandal
                                               :mod (z36 / politics)
                                               :ARG1-of (z37 / major-02))
                                    :time (z38 / before
                                               :op1 (z39 / elect-01)))
                          :op2 (z40 / blame-01
                                    :ARG0 z19
                                    :ARG1 (z41 / party
                                               :mod (z42 / all))
                                    :ARG2 z35
                                    :ARG1-of (z43 / equal-01))))
    :snt3 (z44 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z45 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z46 / defeat-01
                                     :ARG0 (z47 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z48 / challenge-01)
                                                :source (z49 / party
                                                             :mod (z50 / other)))
                                     :ARG1 (z51 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z52 / have-org-role-91
                                                              :ARG1 (z53 / party
                                                                         :mod (z54 / that))
                                                              :ARG2 (z55 / incumbent))))
                          :condition (z56 / blame-01
                                          :ARG0 (z57 / person
                                                     :ARG0-of (z58 / vote-01))
                                          :ARG1 (z59 / party
                                                     :quant 1
                                                     :mod (z60 / only))
                                          :ARG2 (z61 / scandal
                                                     :mod (z62 / such)))))
    :snt4 (z63 / and
               :op1 (z64 / high-02
                         :ARG1 (z65 / proportion
                                    :quant-of (z66 / person
                                                   :mod (z67 / incumbent)
                                                   :ARG0-of (z68 / seek-01
                                                                 :ARG1 (z69 / reelect-01
                                                                            :ARG1 z66)))))
               :op2 (z70 / constant
                         :ARG1-of (z71 / remarkable-02)
                         :time (z72 / date-interval
                                    :op1 (z73 / elect-01)
                                    :op2 (z74 / elect-01))))
    :snt5 (z75 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z76 / proportion
                          :quant-of (z77 / person
                                         :mod (z78 / incumbent)
                                         :ARG0-of (z79 / seek-01
                                                       :ARG1 (z80 / reelect-01
                                                                  :ARG1 z77))))
               :ARG4 (z81 / rate-entity-91
                          :ARG3 (z82 / temporal-quantity
                                     :quant 1
                                     :unit (z83 / year))
                          :ARG4 (z84 / elect-01)))
    :snt6 (z85 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z86 / proportion
                          :quant-of z77
                          :ARG0-of (z87 / seek-01
                                        :ARG1 (z88 / reelect-01
                                                   :ARG1 z77)))
               :ARG4 (z89 / rate-entity-91
                          :ARG3 (z90 / temporal-quantity
                                     :quant 1
                                     :unit (z91 / year))
                          :ARG4 (z92 / elect-01)))
    :snt7 (z93 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z94 / blame-01
                          :ARG0 (z95 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z96 / vote-01))
                          :ARG1 (z97 / party
                                     :quant 1
                                     :mod (z98 / only))
                          :ARG2 (z99 / scandal
                                     :mod (z100 / such))))
    :snt8 (z1000 / likely-01
                 :ARG1 (z1001 / defeat-01
                              :ARG0 (z1002 / person
                                           :ARG0-of (z1003 / challenge-01
                                                           :ARG1 z77))
                              :ARG1 (z1004 / person
                                           :mod (z101 / party
                                                      :mod (z102 / other)))))
    :snt9 (z103 / rate-entity-91
                :ARG3 (z104 / temporal-quantity
                            :quant 1
                            :unit (z105 / year))
                :ARG4 (z106 / elect-01))
    :snt10 (z1005 / rate-entity-91
                  :ARG3 (z1006 / temporal-quantity
                               :quant 1
                               :unit (z1007 / year))
                  :prep-from (z1008 / elect-01)
                  :prep-to (z1009 / elect-01))
    :snt11 (z1010 / rate-entity-91
                  :ARG1 (z1011 / proportion
                               :quant-of z77
                               :ARG0-of (z1012 / seek-01
                                               :ARG1 (z1013 / reelect-01
                                                            :ARG1 z77))
                               :ARG1-of (z1014 / high-02)
                               :ARG1-of (z1015 / constant
                                               :ARG2-of (z1016 / remarkable-02))))
    :snt12 (z1017 / rate-entity-91
                  :ARG1 (z1018 / have-03
                               :ARG0 (z1019 / person
                                            :mod (z1020 / incumbency)
                                            :ARG0-of (z1021 / seek-01
                                                            :ARG1 (z1022 / reelect-01
                                                                         :ARG1 z1020)))
                               :ARG1-of (z1023 / include-91
                                               :ARG2 (z1024 / include-91
                                                            :ARG2 z2
                                                            :ARG3 (z1025 / party
                                                                         :mod (z1026 / party
                                                                                :mod (z1027 / whatever))))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ return-02(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ incumbent(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ all(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ virtual(z4) ∧ :source(z2, z5) ∧ party(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ whatever(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z2) ∧ seek-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ reelect-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z9) ∧ office(z9) ∧ :time(z1, z10) ∧ and(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, z11) ∧ erupt-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ scandal(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ politics(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z12) ∧ major-02(z14) ∧ :time(z11, z15) ∧ before(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, z16) ∧ elect-01(z16) ∧ :time(z11, z17) ∧ any(z17) ∧ :op2(z10, z18) ∧ blame-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ person(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z19) ∧ vote-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z21) ∧ party(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ all(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z12) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z18) ∧ equal-01(z23) ∧ :degree(z23, z24) ∧ about(z24) ∧ :snt2(z0, z25) ∧ return-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ incumbent(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ all(z27) ∧ :source(z26, z28) ∧ party(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ whatever(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z26) ∧ seek-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ reelect-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z26) ∧ :ARG4(z25, z32) ∧ office(z32) ∧ :time(z25, z33) ∧ and(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, z34) ∧ erupt-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ scandal(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ politics(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z35) ∧ major-02(z37) ∧ :time(z34, z38) ∧ before(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, z39) ∧ elect-01(z39) ∧ :op2(z33, z40) ∧ blame-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ party(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ all(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z40) ∧ equal-01(z43) ∧ :snt3(z0, z44) ∧ contrast-01(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z45) ∧ :condition(z45, z56) ∧ blame-01(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z57) ∧ person(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z57) ∧ vote-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z59) ∧ party(z59) ∧ :quant(z59, 1) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ only(z60) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z61) ∧ scandal(z61) ∧ :mod(z61, z62) ∧ such(z62) ∧ likely-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ defeat-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z47) ∧ person(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z47) ∧ challenge-01(z48) ∧ :source(z47, z49) ∧ party(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ other(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z51) ∧ person(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z51) ∧ have-org-role-91(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ party(z53) ∧ :mod(z53, z54) ∧ that(z54) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z55) ∧ incumbent(z55) ∧ :snt4(z0, z63) ∧ and(z63) ∧ :op1(z63, z64) ∧ high-02(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ proportion(z65) ∧ :quant(z66, z65) ∧ person(z66) ∧ :mod(z66, z67) ∧ incumbent(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z68, z66) ∧ seek-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ reelect-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z66) ∧ :op2(z63, z70) ∧ constant(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z70) ∧ remarkable-02(z71) ∧ :time(z70, z72) ∧ date-interval(z72) ∧ :op1(z72, z73) ∧ elect-01(z73) ∧ :op2(z72, z74) ∧ elect-01(z74) ∧ :snt5(z0, z75) ∧ go-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ proportion(z76) ∧ :quant(z77, z76) ∧ person(z77) ∧ :mod(z77, z78) ∧ incumbent(z78) ∧ :ARG0(z79, z77) ∧ seek-01(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ reelect-01(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z77) ∧ :ARG4(z75, z81) ∧ rate-entity-91(z81) ∧ :ARG3(z81, z82) ∧ temporal-quantity(z82) ∧ :quant(z82, 1) ∧ :unit(z82, z83) ∧ year(z83) ∧ :ARG4(z81, z84) ∧ elect-01(z84) ∧ :snt6(z0, z85) ∧ go-01(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z86) ∧ proportion(z86) ∧ :quant(z77, z86) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z86) ∧ seek-01(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ reelect-01(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z77) ∧ :ARG4(z85, z89) ∧ rate-entity-91(z89) ∧ :ARG3(z89, z90) ∧ temporal-quantity(z90) ∧ :quant(z90, 1) ∧ :unit(z90, z91) ∧ year(z91) ∧ :ARG4(z89, z92) ∧ elect-01(z92) ∧ :snt7(z0, z93) ∧ contrast-01(z93) ∧ :ARG2(z93, z94) ∧ blame-01(z94) ∧ :ARG0(z94, z95) ∧ person(z95) ∧ :ARG0(z96, z95) ∧ vote-01(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z97) ∧ party(z97) ∧ :quant(z97, 1) ∧ :mod(z97, z98) ∧ only(z98) ∧ :ARG2(z94, z99) ∧ scandal(z99) ∧ :mod(z99, z100) ∧ such(z100) ∧ :snt8(z0, z1000) ∧ likely-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z1001) ∧ defeat-01(z1001) ∧ :ARG0(z1001, z1002) ∧ person(z1002) ∧ :ARG0(z1003, z1002) ∧ challenge-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z77) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1004) ∧ person(z1004) ∧ :mod(z1004, z101) ∧ party(z101) ∧ :mod(z101, z102) ∧ other(z102) ∧ :snt9(z0, z103) ∧ rate-entity-91(z103) ∧ :ARG3(z103, z104) ∧ temporal-quantity(z104) ∧ :quant(z104, 1) ∧ :unit(z104, z105) ∧ year(z105) ∧ :ARG4(z103, z106) ∧ elect-01(z106) ∧ :snt10(z0, z1005) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1005) ∧ :ARG3(z1005, z1006) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1006) ∧ :quant(z1006, 1) ∧ :unit(z1006, z1007) ∧ year(z1007) ∧ :prep-from(z1005, z1008) ∧ elect-01(z1008) ∧ :prep-to(z1005, z1009) ∧ elect-01(z1009) ∧ :snt11(z0, z1010) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1010) ∧ :ARG1(z1010, z1011) ∧ proportion(z1011) ∧ :quant(z77, z1011) ∧ :ARG0(z1012, z1011) ∧ seek-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1013) ∧ reelect-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z77) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1011) ∧ high-02(z1014) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1011) ∧ constant(z1015) ∧ :ARG2(z1016, z1015) ∧ remarkable-02(z1016) ∧ :snt12(z0, z1017) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1017) ∧ :ARG1(z1017, z1018) ∧ have-03(z1018) ∧ :ARG0(z1018, z1019) ∧ person(z1019) ∧ :mod(z1019, z1020) ∧ incumbency(z1020) ∧ :ARG0(z1021, z1019) ∧ seek-01(z1021) ∧ :ARG1(z1021, z1022) ∧ reelect-01(z1022) ∧ :ARG1(z1022, z1020) ∧ :ARG1(z1023, z1018) ∧ include-91(z1023) ∧ :ARG2(z1023, z1024) ∧ include-91(z1024) ∧ :ARG2(z1024, z2) ∧ :ARG3(z1024, z1025) ∧ party(z1025) ∧ :mod(z1025, z1026) ∧ party(z1026) ∧ :mod(z1026, z1027) ∧ whatever(z1027)


Erosion refers to the process in which external forces such as wind, water, glacier and wave change the ground rocks and their weathering materials under the state of motion. Erosion can be divided into mechanical and chemical denudation.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is an erosive action?

Choices:
- Exposed man-made statues in the long-term wind and rain, there will be mechanical erosion, and even collapse and fragmentation
- Plant roots exert physical pressure on the rock in cracks and provide a channel for water and chemicals to penetrate, causing the rock to break down and crack
- Soluble limestone partially dissolves in flowing water to form natural solution and then runs off with water, resulting in rock mass shrinking or even disappearing, forming karst landform
- In areas where temperature variation is prominent, water in the rock alternates between freezing and thawing, expanding as it freezes and driving wedges into the rock mass, causing the rock to collapse

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / erode-01)
              :ARG2 (z3 / process-02
                        :ARG1 (z4 / change-01
                                  :ARG0 (z5 / force
                                            :mod (z6 / external)
                                            :example (z7 / and
                                                         :op1 (z8 / wind)
                                                         :op2 (z9 / water)
                                                         :op3 (z10 / glacier)
                                                         :op4 (z11 / wave)))
                                  :ARG1 (z12 / and
                                             :op1 (z13 / rock
                                                       :mod (z14 / ground))
                                             :op2 (z15 / material
                                                       :ARG0-of (z16 / weather-01)
                                                       :poss z13))
                                  :manner (z17 / state
                                               :mod (z18 / motion)))))
    :snt2 (z19 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z20 / divide-02
                          :ARG1 (z21 / erode-01)
                          :ARG2 (z22 / and
                                     :op1 (z23 / denudate-01
                                               :mod (z24 / mechanics))
                                     :op2 (z25 / denudate-01
                                               :mod (z26 / chemical)))))
    :snt3 (z27 / and
               :op1 (z28 / go-01
                         :direction (z29 / out))
               :op2 (z30 / go-01
                         :direction (z31 / back))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ erode-01(z2) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z3) ∧ process-02(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ change-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ force(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ external(z6) ∧ :example(z5, z7) ∧ and(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, z8) ∧ wind(z8) ∧ :op2(z7, z9) ∧ water(z9) ∧ :op3(z7, z10) ∧ glacier(z10) ∧ :op4(z7, z11) ∧ wave(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z12) ∧ and(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ rock(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ ground(z14) ∧ :op2(z12, z15) ∧ material(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z15) ∧ weather-01(z16) ∧ :poss(z15, z13) ∧ :manner(z4, z17) ∧ state(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ motion(z18) ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ possible-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ divide-02(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ erode-01(z21) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z22) ∧ and(z22) ∧ :op1(z22, z23) ∧ denudate-01(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ mechanics(z24) ∧ :op2(z22, z25) ∧ denudate-01(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ chemical(z26) ∧ :snt3(z0, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ go-01(z28) ∧ :direction(z28, z29) ∧ out(z29) ∧ :op2(z27, z30) ∧ go-01(z30) ∧ :direction(z30, z31) ∧ back(z31)


A company has six general manager assistants F, G, H, I, M and P, and three departments. Each department is just under the charge of three general manager assistants. Each general manager assistant is in charge of at least one department. The following conditions must be met: (1) there is and only one general manager assistant in charge of three departments at the same time. (2) F and G are not in charge of the same department. (3) H and I are not in charge of the same department.

Question: If F and M are not in charge of the same department, which of the following options must be correct?

Choices:
- F and H are in charge of the same department
- F and I are in charge of the same department
- I and P are in charge of the same department
- M and G are in charge of the same department

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-03
              :ARG0 (z2 / company)
              :ARG1 (z3 / and
                        :op1 (z4 / and
                                 :op1 (z5 / person
                                          :wiki -
                                          :name (z6 / name
                                                    :op1 "F"))
                                 :op2 (z7 / person
                                          :wiki -
                                          :name (z8 / name
                                                    :op1 "G"))
                                 :op3 (z9 / person
                                          :wiki -
                                          :name (z10 / name
                                                     :op1 "H"))
                                 :op4 (z11 / person
                                           :wiki -
                                           :name (z12 / name
                                                      :op1 "I"))
                                 :op5 (z13 / person
                                           :wiki -
                                           :name (z14 / name
                                                      :op1 "M"))
                                 :op6 (z15 / person
                                           :wiki -
                                           :name (z16 / name
                                                      :op1 "P"))
                                 :op7 (z17 / person
                                           :wiki -
                                           :name (z18 / name
                                                      :op1 "F"))
                                 :op8 (z19 / person
                                           :wiki -
                                           :name (z20 / name
                                                      :op1 "H"))
                                 :op9 (z21 / person
                                           :wiki -
                                           :name (z22 / name
                                                      :op1 "I"))
                                 :op10 (z23 / person
                                            :wiki -
                                            :name (z24 / name
                                                       :op1 "M"))
                                 :op11 (z25 / person
                                            :wiki -
                                            :name (z26 / name
                                                       :op1 "P"))
                                 :op12 (z27 / department
                                            :quant 3)
                                 :ARG2-of (z28 / charge-08
                                               :ARG1 (z29 / person
                                                          :quant 3
                                                          :ARG0-of (z30 / assist-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z31 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z32 / manage-01
                                                                                :mod (z33 / general)))))
                                               :mod (z34 / just))))
              :snt2 (z35 / charge-08
                         :ARG0 (z36 / person
                                    :quant 3
                                    :ARG0-of (z37 / assist-01
                                                  :ARG1 z31))
                         :ARG1 (z38 / department
                                    :mod (z39 / each))
                         :ARG2 (z40 / at-least
                                    :op1 (z41 / department
                                              :quant 1)))
              :snt3 (z42 / charge-08
                         :li 2
                         :ARG1 (z43 / and
                                    :op1 (z44 / person
                                              :wiki -
                                              :name (z45 / name
                                                         :op1 "F"))
                                    :op2 (z46 / person
                                              :wiki -
                                              :name (z47 / name
                                                         :op1 "G"))
                                    :op3 (z48 / person
                                              :wiki -
                                              :name (z49 / name
                                                         :op1 "H"))
                                    :op4 (z50 / person
                                              :wiki -
                                              :name (z51 / name
                                                         :op1 "I"))
                                    :op5 (z52 / person
                                              :wiki -
                                              :name (z53 / name
                                                         :op1 "M"))
                                    :op6 (z54 / person
                                              :wiki -
                                              :name (z55 / name
                                                         :op1 "P"))
                                    :ARG2 (z56 / department
                                               :quant 3))
                         :snt4 (z57 / charge-08
                                    :li 3
                                    :ARG1 (z58 / department
                                               :mod (z59 / each))
                                    :ARG2 (z60 / assist-01
                                               :ARG0 (z61 / person
                                                          :quant 3
                                                          :ARG0-of (z62 / assist-01
                                                                        :ARG1 z31
                                                                        :mod (z63 / general)))
                                               :mod (z64 / just)))
                         :snt5 (z65 / obligate-01
                                    :ARG1 (z66 / meet-01
                                               :ARG1 (z67 / condition
                                                          :ARG1-of (z68 / follow-01)
                                                          :example (z69 / and
                                                                        :op1 (z70 / charge-08
                                                                                :li 1
                                                                                :ARG1 (z71 / person
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :mod (z72 / only)
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z73 / assist-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z31
                                                                                :mod (z74 / general)))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z75 / department
                                                                                :quant 3)
                                                                                :time (z76 / time
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z77 / same-01)))
                                                                        :op2 (z78 / charge-08
                                                                                :li 3
                                                                                :ARG1 (z79 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z80 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z81 / name
                                                                                :op1 "F"))
                                                                                :op2 (z82 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z83 / name
                                                                                :op1 "G"))
                                                                                :op3 (z84 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z85 / name
                                                                                :op1 "H"))
                                                                                :op4 (z86 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1000 / name
                                                                                :op1 "I"))
                                                                                :op5 (z1001 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1002 / name
                                                                                :op1 "M"))
                                                                                :op6 (z1003 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1004 / name
                                                                                :op1 "P"))
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z1005 / assist-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z31
                                                                                :mod (z1006 / general))))))
                                               :snt6 (z1007 / charge-08
                                                            :ARG1 (z1008 / person
                                                                         :quant 6
                                                                         :ARG0-of (z1009 / assist-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z31
                                                                                :mod (z1010 / general))
                                                                         :ARG2 (z1011 / department
                                                                                :quant (z1012 / at-least
                                                                                :op1 (z1013 / at-least
                                                                                :op1 1)))))
                                               :snt7 (z1014 / charge-08
                                                            :ARG1 (z1015 / person
                                                                         :quant 1
                                                                         :ARG0-of (z1016 / assist-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z31
                                                                                :mod (z1017 / general)))
                                                            :ARG2 (z1018 / department
                                                                         :quant (z1019 / at-least
                                                                                :op1 1)))
                                               :snt8 (z1020 / obligate-01
                                                            :ARG1 (z1021 / meet-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z1022 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z1023 / charge-08
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1024 / person
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1025 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1026 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z1027 / assist-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z31
                                                                                :mod (z1028 / general)))))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1029 / department
                                                                                :quant 3)
                                                                                :time (z87 / same-01)))
                                                                         :op2 (z88 / charge-08
                                                                                :ARG1 (z89 / charge-08
                                                                                :ARG1 (z90 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z91 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z92 / name
                                                                                :op1 "F"))
                                                                                :op2 (z93 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z94 / name
                                                                                :op1 "G"))
                                                                                :op3 (z95 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z96 / name
                                                                                :op1 "H"))
                                                                                :op4 (z97 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z98 / name
                                                                                :op1 "I"))
                                                                                :op5 (z99 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z100 / name
                                                                                :op1 "M")))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z101 / department
                                                                                :quant 1)))
                                                                         :snt9 (z102 / department
                                                                                :quant 2
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z103 / same-01))
                                                                         :snt10 (z104 / charge-08
                                                                                :ARG1 (z105 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z106 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1030 / name
                                                                                :op1 "H")
                                                                                :op2 (z1031 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1032 / name
                                                                                :op1 "I")))
                                                                                :op2 (z1033 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1034 / name
                                                                                :op1 "M")))
                                                                                :ARG2-of (z1035 / charge-08
                                                                                :ARG1 z99)))
                                                            :snt11 (z1036 / charge-08
                                                                          :ARG1 z99)
                                                            :snt12 (z107 / department
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z108 / department))))))))


The number of codfish in the North Atlantic has declined substantially as the population of harp seals has increased from two million to more than three million. Some blame the seal for the shrinking cod population, but cod plays a negligible role in the seal' s diet. It is ttherefore unlikely that the increase in the seal population has contributed significantly to the decline in the cod population.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Choices:
- The harp seal thrives in water that is too cold to support a dense population of cod.
- Cod feed almost exclusively on capelin, a fish that is a staple of the harp seal's diet.
- Water pollution poses a more serious threat to cod than to the harp seal.
- People who fish for cod commercially are inconvenienced by the presence of large numbers of seals near traditional fishing grounds.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / decline-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / number
                        :quant-of (z3 / codfish)
                        :location (z4 / ocean
                                      :wiki "North_Atlantic"
                                      :name (z5 / name
                                                :op1 "North"
                                                :op2 "Atlantic")))
              :manner (z6 / substantial)
              :ARG1-of (z7 / cause-01
                           :ARG0 (z8 / increase-01
                                     :ARG1 (z9 / population
                                               :mod (z10 / seal))
                                     :ARG3 2000000
                                     :ARG4 (z11 / more-than
                                                :op1 3000000)))
              :ARG1-of (z12 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z13 / increase-01
                                       :ARG1 (z14 / population
                                                  :mod (z15 / seal
                                                            :mod (z16 / harp)))
                                       :ARG3 2000000
                                       :ARG4 (z17 / more-than
                                                  :op1 3000000))))
    :snt2 (z18 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z19 / blame-01
                          :ARG0 (z20 / some)
                          :ARG1 (z21 / seal)
                          :ARG2 (z22 / shrink-01
                                     :ARG1 (z23 / population
                                                :mod (z24 / codfish))))
               :ARG2 (z25 / play-02
                          :ARG0 z24
                          :ARG1 (z26 / role
                                     :mod (z27 / negligible)
                                     :topic (z28 / diet
                                                 :poss z21))))
    :snt3 (z29 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z30 / likely-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z31 / contribute-01
                                     :ARG0 (z32 / increase-01
                                                :ARG1 (z33 / population
                                                           :mod (z34 / seal)))
                                     :ARG1 (z35 / decline-01
                                                :ARG1 (z36 / populate-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z37 / codfish)))
                                     :ARG2 (z38 / decline-01
                                                :ARG1 z36)
                                     :ARG1-of (z39 / significant-02))))
    :snt4 (z40 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / likely-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z42 / contribute-01
                                     :ARG0 (z43 / increase-01
                                                :ARG1 (z44 / population
                                                           :mod (z45 / seal)))
                                     :ARG1 (z46 / decline-01
                                                :ARG1 (z47 / populate-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z48 / codfish)))
                                     :ARG2 z42
                                     :ARG1-of (z49 / significant-02)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ decline-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ number(z2) ∧ :quant(z3, z2) ∧ codfish(z3) ∧ :location(z2, z4) ∧ ocean(z4) ∧ :wiki(z4, "North_Atlantic") ∧ :name(z4, z5) ∧ name(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, "North") ∧ :op2(z5, "Atlantic") ∧ :manner(z1, z6) ∧ substantial(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z1) ∧ cause-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z8) ∧ increase-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ population(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ seal(z10) ∧ :ARG3(z8, 2000000) ∧ :ARG4(z8, z11) ∧ more-than(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, 3000000) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z1) ∧ cause-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ increase-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ population(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ seal(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ harp(z16) ∧ :ARG3(z13, 2000000) ∧ :ARG4(z13, z17) ∧ more-than(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, 3000000) ∧ :snt2(z0, z18) ∧ contrast-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ blame-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ some(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z21) ∧ seal(z21) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z22) ∧ shrink-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ population(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ codfish(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z25) ∧ play-02(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ role(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ negligible(z27) ∧ :topic(z26, z28) ∧ diet(z28) ∧ :poss(z28, z21) ∧ :snt3(z0, z29) ∧ cause-01(z29) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ likely-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ contribute-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ increase-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ population(z33) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ seal(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z35) ∧ decline-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ populate-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ codfish(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z38) ∧ decline-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z36) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z31) ∧ significant-02(z39)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z40) ∧ cause-01(z40) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ likely-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ contribute-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ increase-01(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ population(z44) ∧ :mod(z44, z45) ∧ seal(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z46) ∧ decline-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ populate-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ codfish(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z42) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z42) ∧ significant-02(z49))


On the basis of incontestable proof that car safety seats will greatly reduce the number of serious injuries sustained by children in car accidents, laws have been passed mandating the use of these seats. Unexpectedly, it has since been found that a large number of children who are riding in safety seats continue to receive serious injuries that safety seats were specifically designed to avoid, and in the prevention of which they in fact have proven to be effective.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, could by itself adequately explain the unexpected finding reported in the passage?

Choices:
- The protection afforded by child safety seats depends on their being used properly, which many parents fail to do.
- The high cost of child safety seats has caused many parents to delay purchasing them.
- Many parents are defying the law by not using safety seats for their children.
- Children are more likely to make automobile trips now than they were before the introduction of the safety seat.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / pass-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / law
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / mandate-01
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / use-01
                                               :ARG1 (z5 / seat
                                                         :purpose (z6 / safe-01)))))
              :ARG1-of (z7 / base-02
                           :ARG2 (z8 / prove-01
                                     :ARG1 (z9 / reduce-01
                                               :ARG0 z5
                                               :ARG1 (z10 / number
                                                          :quant-of (z11 / injure-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z12 / child)
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z13 / sustain-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z12
                                                                                :time (z14 / accident
                                                                                :mod (z15 / car)))
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z16 / serious-02)))
                                               :degree (z17 / great))
                                     :ARG1-of (z18 / refute-01
                                                   :polarity -
                                                   :ARG1-of (z19 / possible-01)))))
    :snt2 (z20 / find-01
               :ARG1 (z21 / continue-01
                          :ARG0 (z22 / child
                                     :quant (z23 / number
                                                 :mod (z24 / large))
                                     :ARG1-of (z25 / ride-01
                                                   :instrument (z26 / seat
                                                                    :purpose (z27 / safe-01))))
                          :ARG1 (z28 / receive-01
                                     :ARG0 z22
                                     :ARG1 (z29 / injure-01
                                                :ARG1 z22
                                                :ARG1-of (z30 / serious-02)
                                                :ARG1-of (z31 / avoid-01
                                                              :ARG0 z26
                                                              :ARG2-of (z32 / design-01
                                                                            :ARG1 z26
                                                                            :ARG3-of (z33 / specific-02)))
                                                :ARG2-of (z34 / prevent-01
                                                              :ARG0 z26
                                                              :ARG1-of (z35 / prove-01
                                                                            :mod (z36 / in-fact))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z37 / serious-02)))
               :time (z38 / since)
               :ARG1-of (z39 / surprise-01
                             :polarity -))
    :snt3 (z40 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / time
                          :time-of (z42 / lunch-01))
               :direction (z43 / up)))


History has told us more than once that when society changes rapidly, new things continue to emerge, old relationships continue to change, language is impacted and with the change, there is a big mineral deposit in front of us.Because the law of this language has not been fully formed, it seems childish, rough and chaotic, but there are treasures buried in the gold of the language, if it is used indiscriminately as it is, it is bound to destroy the purity of the language, if it is processed and tempered, but it can create a model of artistic language, which is the reality in front of the writer.

Question: According to the above conclusion, which of the following options is correct?

Choices:
- When society changes rapidly, language will change with it
- With the rapid change of society and the change of language, writers should pay attention to casting language
- In the period of rapid social change, writers should undertake the important task of creating artistic language models
- We are faced with a great mineral deposit of language, in which there are treasures and gold

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / tell-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / history)
              :ARG1 (z3 / and
                        :op1 (z4 / continue-01
                                 :ARG1 (z5 / emerge-02
                                           :ARG0 (z6 / thing
                                                     :ARG1-of (z7 / new-01)))
                                 :time (z8 / change-01
                                           :ARG1 (z9 / society)
                                           :manner (z10 / rapid)))
                        :op2 (z11 / continue-01
                                  :ARG1 (z12 / change-01
                                             :ARG1 (z13 / relation-03
                                                        :mod (z14 / old)))
                                  :time z8)
                        :op3 (z15 / impact-01
                                  :ARG1 (z16 / language))
                        :op4 (z17 / deposit-01
                                  :ARG1 (z18 / mineral)
                                  :ARG2 (z19 / in-front-of
                                             :op1 (z20 / we))
                                  :mod (z21 / big)
                                  :ARG1-of (z22 / cause-01
                                                :ARG0 (z23 / change-01))))
              :ARG2 z20
              :frequency (z24 / more-than
                              :op1 1))
    :snt2 (z25 / tell-01
               :ARG0 (z26 / history)
               :ARG1 (z27 / and
                          :op1 (z28 / continue-01
                                    :ARG1 (z29 / emerge-02
                                               :ARG0 (z30 / thing
                                                          :ARG1-of (z31 / new-01))
                                               :time (z32 / change-01
                                                          :ARG1 (z33 / society)
                                                          :manner (z34 / rapid)))
                                    :op2 (z35 / change-01
                                              :ARG1 (z36 / relation-03
                                                         :mod (z37 / old))
                                              :time z32)
                                    :op3 (z38 / deposit-01
                                              :ARG1 (z39 / mineral)
                                              :ARG2 (z40 / in-front-of
                                                         :op1 z20)
                                              :ARG1-of (z41 / cause-01
                                                            :ARG0 (z42 / change-01))))
                          :ARG2 z20))
    :snt3 (z43 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z44 / seem-01
                          :ARG1 (z45 / and
                                     :op1 (z46 / childish)
                                     :op2 (z47 / rough)
                                     :op3 (z48 / chaos)
                                     :domain z30)
                          :ARG1-of (z49 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z50 / form-01
                                                   :polarity -
                                                   :ARG1 (z51 / law
                                                              :poss (z52 / language
                                                                         :mod (z53 / this)))
                                                   :degree (z54 / full))))
               :ARG2 (z55 / bury-01
                          :ARG1 (z56 / treasure)
                          :ARG2 (z57 / gold
                                     :part-of (z58 / language))))
    :snt4 (z59 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z60 / and
                          :op1 (z61 / bind-01
                                    :ARG1 (z62 / destroy-01
                                               :ARG0 z41
                                               :ARG1 (z63 / pure-02
                                                          :ARG1 (z64 / language)))
                                    :condition (z65 / use-01
                                                    :ARG1 z41
                                                    :manner (z66 / discriminate-01
                                                                 :polarity -)))
                          :op2 (z67 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z68 / destroy-01
                                               :ARG0 z41
                                               :ARG1 (z69 / pure-02
                                                          :ARG1 (z70 / language)))
                                    :condition (z71 / and
                                                    :op1 (z72 / process-01
                                                              :ARG1 z41)
                                                    :op2 (z73 / temper-01
                                                              :ARG1 z41))))
               :ARG2 (z74 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z75 / create-01
                                     :ARG0 z41
                                     :ARG1 (z76 / model
                                                :mod (z77 / language
                                                          :mod (z78 / art))
                                                :domain (z79 / reality
                                                             :location (z80 / in-front-of
                                                                            :op1 (z81 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z82 / write-01))))))))
    :snt5 (z83 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z84 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z85 / create-01
                                     :ARG0 z41
                                     :ARG1 (z86 / model
                                                :mod (z87 / language
                                                          :mod (z88 / art)))))
               :ARG2 (z89 / use-01
                          :ARG1 z41
                          :manner (z90 / discriminate-01
                                       :polarity -)))
    :snt6 (z91 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z92 / bury-01
                          :ARG1 (z93 / treasure)
                          :ARG2 (z94 / gold
                                     :part-of (z95 / language)))
               :ARG2 (z96 / and
                          :op1 (z97 / use-01
                                    :ARG1 (z98 / language)
                                    :manner (z99 / discriminate-01
                                                 :polarity -)))
               :op2 (z100 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z101 / create-01
                                      :ARG0 z41
                                      :ARG1 (z102 / model
                                                  :mod (z103 / language
                                                             :mod (z104 / art))
                                                  :domain (z105 / reality
                                                                :location (z106 / in-front-of
                                                                                :op1 (z1000 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z1001 / write-01)))))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ tell-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ history(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ and(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, z4) ∧ continue-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ emerge-02(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ thing(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ new-01(z7) ∧ :time(z4, z8) ∧ change-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ society(z9) ∧ :manner(z8, z10) ∧ rapid(z10) ∧ :op2(z3, z11) ∧ continue-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ change-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ relation-03(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ old(z14) ∧ :time(z11, z8) ∧ :op3(z3, z15) ∧ impact-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ language(z16) ∧ :op4(z3, z17) ∧ deposit-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ mineral(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z19) ∧ in-front-of(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ we(z20) ∧ :mod(z17, z21) ∧ big(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z17) ∧ cause-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ change-01(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z20) ∧ :frequency(z1, z24) ∧ more-than(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, 1) ∧ :snt2(z0, z25) ∧ tell-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ history(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ continue-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ emerge-02(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ thing(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z30) ∧ new-01(z31) ∧ :time(z29, z32) ∧ change-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ society(z33) ∧ :manner(z32, z34) ∧ rapid(z34) ∧ :op2(z28, z35) ∧ change-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ relation-03(z36) ∧ :mod(z36, z37) ∧ old(z37) ∧ :time(z35, z32) ∧ :op3(z28, z38) ∧ deposit-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ mineral(z39) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z40) ∧ in-front-of(z40) ∧ :op1(z40, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z38) ∧ cause-01(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z42) ∧ change-01(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z20) ∧ :snt3(z0, z43) ∧ contrast-01(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ seem-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ and(z45) ∧ :op1(z45, z46) ∧ childish(z46) ∧ :op2(z45, z47) ∧ rough(z47) ∧ :op3(z45, z48) ∧ chaos(z48) ∧ :domain(z45, z30) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z44) ∧ cause-01(z49) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z49, z50) ∧ form-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ law(z51) ∧ :poss(z51, z52) ∧ language(z52) ∧ :mod(z52, z53) ∧ this(z53) ∧ :degree(z50, z54) ∧ full(z54)) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z55) ∧ bury-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ treasure(z56) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z57) ∧ gold(z57) ∧ :part(z58, z57) ∧ language(z58) ∧ :snt4(z0, z59) ∧ contrast-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ and(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, z61) ∧ :condition(z61, z65) ∧ use-01(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z41) ∧ ¬(:manner(z65, z66) ∧ discriminate-01(z66)) ∧ bind-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z62) ∧ destroy-01(z62) ∧ :ARG0(z62, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ pure-02(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ language(z64) ∧ :op2(z60, z67) ∧ :condition(z67, z71) ∧ and(z71) ∧ :op1(z71, z72) ∧ process-01(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z41) ∧ :op2(z71, z73) ∧ temper-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z41) ∧ possible-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ destroy-01(z68) ∧ :ARG0(z68, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ pure-02(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ language(z70) ∧ :ARG2(z59, z74) ∧ possible-01(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z75) ∧ create-01(z75) ∧ :ARG0(z75, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ model(z76) ∧ :mod(z76, z77) ∧ language(z77) ∧ :mod(z77, z78) ∧ art(z78) ∧ :domain(z76, z79) ∧ reality(z79) ∧ :location(z79, z80) ∧ in-front-of(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, z81) ∧ person(z81) ∧ :ARG0(z82, z81) ∧ write-01(z82) ∧ :snt5(z0, z83) ∧ have-concession-91(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z84) ∧ possible-01(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ create-01(z85) ∧ :ARG0(z85, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z86) ∧ model(z86) ∧ :mod(z86, z87) ∧ language(z87) ∧ :mod(z87, z88) ∧ art(z88) ∧ :ARG2(z83, z89) ∧ use-01(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z41) ∧ ¬(:manner(z89, z90) ∧ discriminate-01(z90)) ∧ :snt6(z0, z91) ∧ have-concession-91(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ bury-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ treasure(z93) ∧ :ARG2(z92, z94) ∧ gold(z94) ∧ :part(z95, z94) ∧ language(z95) ∧ :ARG2(z91, z96) ∧ and(z96) ∧ :op1(z96, z97) ∧ use-01(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z98) ∧ language(z98) ∧ ¬(:manner(z97, z99) ∧ discriminate-01(z99)) ∧ :op2(z91, z100) ∧ possible-01(z100) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z101) ∧ create-01(z101) ∧ :ARG0(z101, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ model(z102) ∧ :mod(z102, z103) ∧ language(z103) ∧ :mod(z103, z104) ∧ art(z104) ∧ :domain(z102, z105) ∧ reality(z105) ∧ :location(z105, z106) ∧ in-front-of(z106) ∧ :op1(z106, z1000) ∧ person(z1000) ∧ :ARG0(z1001, z1000) ∧ write-01(z1001)


According to a commercial survey, sales of skiing equipment in city A are higher than those in city B, indicating that residents in city A prefer skiing to those in city B.

Question: Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusions of this investigation?

Choices:
- The population of city B is larger than that of city A.
- All the skiing equipment in city A is produced in city B.
- The champions of multiple national skiing competitions are all from city A.
- In recent years, a city has made great efforts to develop its tourism industry and many tourists have learned skiing in  city A.

(z0 / say-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / survey-01
              :mod (z2 / commerce))
    :ARG1 (z3 / high-02
              :ARG1 (z4 / sell-01
                        :ARG1 (z5 / equipment
                                  :purpose (z6 / ski-01))
                        :location (z7 / city
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z8 / name
                                                :op1 "A")))
              :ARG2-of (z9 / have-degree-91
                           :ARG1 z4
                           :ARG3 (z10 / more)
                           :ARG4 (z11 / sell-01
                                      :ARG1 z5
                                      :location (z12 / city
                                                     :wiki -
                                                     :name (z13 / name
                                                                :op1 "B"))))
              :ARG0-of (z14 / indicate-01
                            :ARG1 (z15 / prefer-01
                                       :ARG0 (z16 / person
                                                  :ARG0-of (z17 / reside-01
                                                                :ARG1 z7))
                                       :ARG1 z6
                                       :ARG2 (z18 / prefer-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z19 / person
                                                             :ARG0-of (z20 / reside-01
                                                                           :ARG1 z12))
                                                  :ARG1 (z21 / person
                                                             :ARG0-of (z22 / reside-01
                                                                           :ARG1 z12))))))
    :ARG1-of (z23 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z24 / say-01
                             :ARG0 z1
                             :ARG1 (z25 / go-01
                                        :ARG1 (z26 / sell-01
                                                   :ARG1 z5)
                                        :ARG2 (z27 / high-02
                                                   :ARG1 z26
                                                   :ARG2-of (z28 / have-degree-91
                                                                 :ARG1 z26
                                                                 :ARG3 (z29 / more)
                                                                 :ARG4 (z30 / sell-01
                                                                            :ARG1 z5
                                                                            :location z12)))))))