Consumer: I would like to have the features contained in the latest upgrade to your computer software package, but I am leery of installing the upgrade because a friend has told me he had a problem with it. Company representative: We have distributed nearly 3, 000 copies of the upgrade and we have received fewer than 100 calls saying that it has caused problems. So it is very unlikely that you will experience any problems with the upgrade.

Question: The reasoning in the company representative's argument is most vulnerable to criticism because it fails to consider the possibility that

Choices:
- a significant number of people have experienced problems with the upgrade but have not reported them
- some of the reported problems were a result of users failing to follow instructions
- the consumer will experience software problems if the upgrade is not installed
- some of the problems people have experienced with the upgrade have been quite serious

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / consume-01))
              :ARG1 (z4 / contrast-01
                        :ARG1 (z5 / like-02
                                  :ARG0 z2
                                  :ARG1 (z6 / contain-01
                                            :ARG0 (z7 / upgrade-02
                                                      :ARG1 (z8 / package
                                                                :mod (z9 / software
                                                                         :mod (z10 / computer))
                                                                :poss (z11 / you))
                                                      :mod (z12 / last))
                                            :ARG1 (z13 / feature)))
                        :ARG2 (z14 / leery
                                   :topic (z15 / install-01
                                               :ARG0 z2
                                               :ARG1 (z16 / upgrade-02))
                                   :ARG1-of (z17 / cause-01
                                                 :ARG0 (z18 / tell-01
                                                            :ARG0 (z19 / person
                                                                       :ARG0-of (z20 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                                :ARG1 z2
                                                                                :ARG2 (z21 / friend)))
                                                            :ARG1 (z22 / have-03
                                                                       :ARG0 z19
                                                                       :ARG1 (z23 / problem
                                                                                :topic z16))
                                                            :ARG2 z2))))
              :snt2 (z24 / say-01
                         :ARG0 (z25 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z26 / represent-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z27 / company)))
                         :ARG1 (z28 / and
                                    :op1 (z29 / distribute-01
                                              :ARG0 z25
                                              :ARG1 (z30 / copy-01
                                                         :ARG1 (z31 / upgrade-02)
                                                         :quant (z32 / nearly
                                                                     :op1 3000)))
                                    :op2 (z33 / receive-01
                                              :ARG0 z25
                                              :ARG1 (z34 / call-02
                                                         :quant (z35 / less-than
                                                                     :op1 100)
                                                         :ARG0-of (z36 / say-01
                                                                       :ARG1 (z37 / cause-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z31
                                                                                :ARG1 (z38 / problem)))))))
              :snt3 (z39 / cause-01
                         :ARG1 (z40 / likely-01
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 (z41 / experience-01
                                               :ARG0 (z42 / you)
                                               :ARG1 (z43 / problem
                                                          :mod (z44 / any)
                                                          :topic (z45 / upgrade-01)))
                                    :degree (z46 / very)))
              :snt4 (z47 / say-01
                         :ARG0 (z48 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z49 / have-org-role-91
                                                  :ARG1 (z50 / company)
                                                  :ARG2 (z51 / represent-01)))
                         :ARG1 (z52 / and
                                    :op1 (z53 / hand-out-03
                                              :ARG1 (z54 / copy-01
                                                         :ARG1 z31))
                                    :op2 (z55 / receive-01
                                              :ARG0 z50
                                              :ARG1 (z56 / call-02
                                                         :quant (z57 / less-than
                                                                     :op1 100)
                                                         :ARG0-of (z58 / say-01
                                                                       :ARG1 (z59 / cause-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z31
                                                                                :ARG1 (z60 / problem)))))))
              :snt5 (z61 / say-01
                         :ARG0 (z62 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z63 / have-rel-role-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z64 / mother)))
                         :ARG1 (z65 / contrast-01
                                    :ARG1 (z66 / like-02
                                               :ARG0 z62
                                               :ARG1 (z67 / have-03
                                                          :ARG0 z62
                                                          :ARG1 (z68 / contain-01
                                                                     :ARG0 (z69 / upgrade-02
                                                                                :mod (z70 / last))
                                                                     :ARG1 (z71 / feature)
                                                                     :location (z72 / package
                                                                                :mod (z73 / software
                                                                                :mod (z74 / computer)
                                                                                :poss z42))))
                                               :ARG2 (z75 / leery
                                                          :topic (z76 / install-01
                                                                      :ARG0 z62
                                                                      :ARG1 (z77 / upgrade-02))
                                                          :ARG1-of (z78 / cause-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z79 / have-03
                                                                                :ARG0 z62
                                                                                :ARG1 (z80 / problem
                                                                                :topic z52)))))))
              :snt6 (z81 / say-01
                         :ARG0 (z82 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z83 / have-rel-role-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z84 / friend)))
                         :ARG1 (z85 / contrast-01
                                    :ARG1 (z86 / like-02
                                               :ARG0 z62
                                               :ARG1 (z92 / have-03
                                                          :ARG0 z62
                                                          :ARG1 (z93 / contain-01
                                                                     :ARG0 (z94 / upgrade-02)
                                                                     :ARG1 (z95 / feature)))
                                               :ARG2 (z96 / have-03
                                                          :ARG0 z62
                                                          :ARG1 (z97 / contain-01
                                                                     :ARG0 (z98 / upgrade-02
                                                                                :mod (z99 / last))
                                                                     :ARG1 (z100 / package
                                                                                :mod (z101 / software
                                                                                :mod (z102 / computer))))))))
              :snt7 (z1000 / say-01
                           :ARG0 (z1001 / person
                                        :ARG0-of (z1002 / have-rel-role-91
                                                        :ARG2 (z1003 / fiancee)))
                           :ARG1 (z1004 / age-01
                                        :ARG1 (z1005 / person
                                                     :ARG0-of (z87 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                   :ARG2 (z88 / fiancee)))
                                        :ARG2 (z89 / out-of
                                                   :op1 (z90 / bride-01)))))
    :snt8 (z91 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z1006 / person
                            :ARG0-of (z1007 / break-heart-31
                                            :ARG1 (z1008 / break-heart-31)))
               :ARG1 (z1009 / have-concession-91
                            :ARG1 (z1010 / likely-01
                                         :polarity -
                                         :ARG1 (z1011 / experience-01
                                                      :ARG0 (z1012 / you)
                                                      :ARG1 (z1013 / problem
                                                                   :mod (z1014 / any)
                                                                   :topic (z1015 / upgrade-02)))
                                         :ARG2-of (z1016 / have-degree-91
                                                         :ARG1 z1013
                                                         :ARG3 (z1017 / very)))))
    :snt9 (z1018 / say-01
                 :ARG0 (z1019 / person
                              :ARG0-of (z1020 / have-rel-role-91
                                              :ARG2 (z1021 / bride-01))
                              :ARG1 (z1022 / out-of-mind-12
                                           :ARG1 (z1023 / bride-01))
                              :ARG2 (z1024 / bride-01))))


On the evening of Oct 6, Zhang Qiang either went to the cinema to see a film or visited his friend Qin Ling. If Zhang Qiang drove home that night, he wouldn't have gone to the cinema. Only zhang Qiang and Qin Ling agreed in advance, Zhang Qiang can visit her, in fact, zhang Qiang can not agree with Qin Ling in advance.

Question: Based on the above statement, which of the following can be concluded?

Choices:
- That evening Zhang Qiang and Qin Ling went to the cinema to see a film.
- That evening Zhang Qiang visited his friend Qinling.
- Zhang Qiang didn't drive home that night.
- Zhang Qiang didn't go to the cinema that night.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / or
              :op1 (z2 / go-02
                       :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                 :wiki "Zhang_Qiang"
                                 :name (z4 / name
                                           :op1 "Zhang"
                                           :op2 "Qiang"))
                       :ARG4 (z5 / cinema)
                       :purpose (z6 / see-01
                                    :ARG0 z3
                                    :ARG1 (z7 / film)))
              :op2 (z8 / visit-01
                       :ARG0 z3
                       :ARG1 (z9 / person
                                 :wiki "Qin_Ling"
                                 :name (z10 / name
                                            :op1 "Qin"
                                            :op2 "Ling")
                                 :ARG0-of (z11 / have-rel-role-91
                                               :ARG1 z3
                                               :ARG2 (z12 / friend))))
              :time (z13 / date-entity
                         :day 6
                         :month 10
                         :dayperiod (z14 / evening)))
    :snt2 (z15 / go-02
               :polarity -
               :ARG0 (z16 / person
                          :wiki "Zhang_Qiang"
                          :name (z17 / name
                                     :op1 "Zhang"
                                     :op2 "Qiang"))
               :ARG4 (z18 / cinema)
               :condition (z19 / drive-01
                               :ARG0 z16
                               :destination (z20 / home)
                               :time (z21 / date-entity
                                          :dayperiod (z22 / night)
                                          :mod (z23 / that))))
    :snt3 (z24 / and
               :op1 (z25 / agree-01
                         :ARG0 (z26 / and
                                    :op1 (z27 / person
                                              :wiki "Zhang_Qiang"
                                              :name (z28 / name
                                                         :op1 "Zhang"
                                                         :op2 "Qiang")
                                              :mod (z29 / only))
                                    :op2 z9)
                         :ARG1-of (z30 / in-advance-04))
               :op2 (z31 / possible-01
                         :ARG1 (z32 / visit-01
                                    :ARG0 z27
                                    :ARG1 (z33 / person
                                               :wiki "Qin_Qiang"
                                               :name (z34 / name
                                                          :op1 "Qin"
                                                          :op2 "Ling"))))
               :op3 (z35 / possible-01
                         :polarity -
                         :ARG1 (z36 / agree-01
                                    :ARG0 z27
                                    :ARG2 z33
                                    :ARG1-of (z37 / in-advance-04))
                         :mod (z38 / in-fact)))
    :snt4 (z39 / go-02
               :polarity -
               :ARG0 (z40 / he)
               :ARG4 (z41 / cinema)
               :condition (z42 / drive-01
                               :ARG0 z40
                               :destination (z43 / home)
                               :time (z44 / date-entity
                                          :dayperiod (z45 / night)
                                          :mod (z46 / that)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ or(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ go-02(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, "Zhang_Qiang") ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "Zhang") ∧ :op2(z4, "Qiang") ∧ :ARG4(z2, z5) ∧ cinema(z5) ∧ :purpose(z2, z6) ∧ see-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ film(z7) ∧ :op2(z1, z8) ∧ visit-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ person(z9) ∧ :wiki(z9, "Qin_Ling") ∧ :name(z9, z10) ∧ name(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, "Qin") ∧ :op2(z10, "Ling") ∧ :ARG0(z11, z9) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z3) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ friend(z12) ∧ :time(z1, z13) ∧ date-entity(z13) ∧ :day(z13, 6) ∧ :month(z13, 10) ∧ :dayperiod(z13, z14) ∧ evening(z14) ∧ ¬(:snt2(z0, z15) ∧ :condition(z15, z19) ∧ drive-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z16) ∧ :destination(z19, z20) ∧ home(z20) ∧ :time(z19, z21) ∧ date-entity(z21) ∧ :dayperiod(z21, z22) ∧ night(z22) ∧ :mod(z21, z23) ∧ that(z23) ∧ go-02(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ person(z16) ∧ :wiki(z16, "Zhang_Qiang") ∧ :name(z16, z17) ∧ name(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, "Zhang") ∧ :op2(z17, "Qiang") ∧ :ARG4(z15, z18) ∧ cinema(z18)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z24) ∧ and(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z25) ∧ agree-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ and(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ person(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "Zhang_Qiang") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "Zhang") ∧ :op2(z28, "Qiang") ∧ :mod(z27, z29) ∧ only(z29) ∧ :op2(z26, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z25) ∧ in-advance-04(z30) ∧ :op2(z24, z31) ∧ possible-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ visit-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z27) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ person(z33) ∧ :wiki(z33, "Qin_Qiang") ∧ :name(z33, z34) ∧ name(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, "Qin") ∧ :op2(z34, "Ling") ∧ ¬(:op3(z24, z35) ∧ possible-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ agree-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z27) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z33) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ in-advance-04(z37) ∧ :mod(z35, z38) ∧ in-fact(z38)) ∧ ¬(:snt4(z0, z39) ∧ :condition(z39, z42) ∧ drive-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z40) ∧ :destination(z42, z43) ∧ home(z43) ∧ :time(z42, z44) ∧ date-entity(z44) ∧ :dayperiod(z44, z45) ∧ night(z45) ∧ :mod(z44, z46) ∧ that(z46) ∧ go-02(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z40) ∧ he(z40) ∧ :ARG4(z39, z41) ∧ cinema(z41))


If this reform measure is not welcomed by the cadres, we should revise it. If it is not popular with workers, we should adopt a new reform measure. And this measure must be either unpopular with cadres or workers.

Question: If the above statement is true, which of the followings must be true?

Choices:
- We should revise this reform measure if and only if it does not reduce its reputation among workers.
- We should strive to popularize this reform measure among cadres or workers.
- If the revision of this reform measure will not affect its popularity among cadres, we should revise it immediately.
- If this reform measure is welcomed by the cadres, we should adopt a new reform measure.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / recommend-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / revise-01
                        :ARG0 (z3 / we)
                        :ARG1 (z12 / measure-02
                                   :ARG1 (z13 / reform-01)
                                   :ARG1-of (z14 / new-01)))
              :condition (z4 / welcome-01
                             :polarity -
                             :ARG0 (z5 / cadre)
                             :ARG1 (z6 / measure-02
                                       :ARG1 (z7 / reform-01)
                                       :mod (z8 / this))))
    :snt2 (z9 / recommend-01
              :ARG1 (z10 / adopt-01
                         :ARG0 (z11 / we)
                         :ARG1 z12)
              :condition (z15 / popular-02
                              :polarity -
                              :ARG1 (z16 / it)
                              :ARG2 (z17 / person
                                         :ARG0-of (z18 / work-01))))
    :snt3 (z19 / and
               :op2 (z20 / obligate-01
                         :ARG2 (z21 / popular-02
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 (z22 / measure-02
                                               :ARG1 (z23 / reform-01)
                                               :mod (z24 / this))
                                    :ARG2 (z25 / or
                                               :op1 (z26 / cadre)
                                               :op2 (z27 / person
                                                         :ARG0-of (z28 / work-01)))
                                    :mod (z29 / either))))
    :snt4 (z30 / and
               :op2 (z31 / obligate-01
                         :ARG2 (z32 / popular-02
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 (z33 / measure-02
                                               :ARG1 (z34 / reform-01)
                                               :mod (z35 / this))
                                    :ARG2 (z36 / or
                                               :op1 z26
                                               :op2 z27))))
    :snt5 (z37 / and
               :op2 (z38 / recommend-01
                         :ARG1 (z39 / adopt-01
                                    :ARG0 (z40 / we)
                                    :ARG1 (z41 / measure-02
                                               :ARG1 (z42 / reform-01)
                                               :ARG1-of (z43 / new-01)))))
    :snt6 (z44 / and
               :op1 (z45 / go-01
                         :ARG1 (z46 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z47 / work-01))
                         :direction (z48 / out))
               :op2 (z49 / sign-up-03
                         :ARG1 z46))
    :snt7 (z50 / welcome-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG0 (z51 / cadre)
               :ARG1 (z52 / measure-02
                          :ARG1 (z53 / reform-01)
                          :mod (z54 / this)))
    :snt8 (z55 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z56 / revise-01
                          :ARG0 (z57 / we)
                          :ARG1 z52)))


Statistics show that the proportion of cars with airbags in car accidents is higher than those without airbags, so installing airbags in cars does not make car owners safer.

Question: Which of the following options best points out the loopholes in the above argument?

Choices:
- Without additional instructions, it is assumed that any car equipped with airbags may have a car accident
- Ignoring this possibility, car owners who do not install airbags will pay more attention to driving carefully
- Incorrect assumption that the airbag will open automatically in any car accident
- The possibility of a car accident is incorrectly equated with the severity of the car owner's injury in the accident

(z0 / show-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / statistic)
    :ARG1 (z2 / have-degree-91
              :ARG1 (z3 / proportion
                        :quant-of (z4 / car
                                      :ARG0-of (z5 / accident
                                                   :mod (z6 / car))
                                      :ARG0-of (z7 / have-03
                                                   :ARG1 (z8 / airbag))))
              :ARG2 (z9 / high-02
                        :ARG1 z3)
              :ARG3 (z10 / more)
              :ARG4 (z11 / proportion
                         :quant-of (z12 / car
                                        :ARG0-of (z13 / accident
                                                      :polarity -
                                                      :mod z6)
                                        :ARG0-of (z14 / have-03
                                                      :polarity -
                                                      :ARG1 z8))))
    :ARG0-of (z15 / cause-01
                  :ARG1 (z16 / make-02
                             :polarity -
                             :ARG0 (z17 / install-01
                                        :ARG1 z8
                                        :ARG2 z6)
                             :ARG1 (z18 / have-degree-91
                                        :ARG1 (z19 / person
                                                   :ARG0-of (z20 / own-01
                                                                 :ARG1 z6))
                                        :ARG2 (z21 / safe-01
                                                   :ARG0 z19)
                                        :ARG3 (z22 / more))))
    :ARG0-of (z23 / cause-01
                  :ARG1 (z24 / go-01
                             :ARG1 (z25 / time)
                             :direction (z26 / out)
                             :ARG1-of (z27 / cause-01
                                           :ARG0 (z28 / install-01
                                                      :ARG1 z8
                                                      :ARG2 z6)))))


In some grass-roots units, the masses always talk back to cadres, and some even cause emotional antagonism between the cadres and the masses. The main reason is that some grass-roots cadres ignore the defensive psychology of the masses. Psychologists believe that when people are criticized by others, they instinctively develop a sense of defense, that is, the psychology of defense. Even if they have done obvious and unshirkable mistakes, some people will explain several objective reasons to justify themselves and dilute the adverse effects of their obsolescence. Generally speaking, defense psychology mainly has the following two manifestations: one is to explain the problem through defense and the other is to evade responsibility.

Question: According to the above text, which of the following options is correct?

Choices:
- The reason why the masses defend themselves is to let the cadres find out the real situation.
- Grass-roots cadres should distinguish different situations and correctly deal with their defense towards the masses.
- People who do something wrong but take a fluke in order to evade responsibility are easy to have a defensive psychology.
- The dispute between grass-roots cadres and the masses is due to the neglect of the defensive psychology of the masses.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / talk-01
                       :ARG0 (z3 / mass)
                       :ARG2 (z4 / cadre)
                       :direction (z5 / back)
                       :time (z6 / always)
                       :location (z7 / unit
                                     :mod (z8 / grass-roots)
                                     :mod (z9 / some)))
              :op2 (z10 / cause-01
                        :ARG0 (z11 / person
                                   :quant (z12 / some))
                        :ARG1 (z13 / antagonize-01
                                   :ARG0 z11
                                   :ARG1 z3
                                   :mod (z14 / emotion))
                        :mod (z15 / even))
              :location z7)
    :snt2 (z16 / reason
               :mod (z17 / main)
               :domain (z18 / ignore-01
                            :ARG0 (z19 / cadre
                                       :mod (z20 / grass-roots)
                                       :mod (z21 / some))
                            :ARG1 (z22 / psychology
                                       :mod (z23 / defend-01)
                                       :poss (z24 / mass))))
    :snt3 (z25 / believe-01
               :ARG0 (z26 / psychologist)
               :ARG1 (z27 / develop-02
                          :ARG0 (z28 / person)
                          :ARG1 (z29 / sense-01
                                     :ARG0 z28
                                     :ARG1 (z30 / defend-01)
                                     :ARG1-of (z31 / mean-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z32 / psychology
                                                              :mod z30)))
                          :manner (z33 / instinct)
                          :time (z34 / criticize-01
                                     :ARG0 (z35 / person
                                                :mod (z36 / other))
                                     :ARG1 z28)))
    :snt4 (z37 / explain-01
               :ARG0 (z38 / person
                          :mod (z39 / some))
               :ARG1 (z40 / reason
                          :quant (z41 / several)
                          :mod (z42 / objective)
                          :purpose (z43 / and
                                        :op1 (z44 / justify-01
                                                  :ARG0 z38
                                                  :ARG1 z38)
                                        :op2 (z45 / dilute-01
                                                  :ARG0 z38
                                                  :ARG1 (z46 / affect-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z47 / obsolescence
                                                                        :poss z38)
                                                             :mod (z48 / adverse)))))
               :concession (z49 / even-if
                                :op1 (z50 / mistake-02
                                          :ARG0 z38
                                          :ARG1-of (z51 / obvious-01)
                                          :ARG1-of (z52 / shirk-01
                                                        :ARG1-of (z53 / possible-01
                                                                      :polarity -))))
               :purpose (z54 / and
                             :op1 (z55 / justify-01
                                       :ARG0 z38
                                       :ARG1 z38)
                             :op2 (z56 / evade-01
                                       :ARG0 z38
                                       :ARG1 (z57 / responsible-01
                                                  :ARG0 z38)))
               :ARG1-of (z58 / general-02)
               :mod (z59 / main))
    :snt5 (z60 / manifest-01
               :ARG1 (z61 / psychology
                          :mod (z62 / defend-01))
               :ARG2 (z63 / and
                          :op1 (z64 / explain-01
                                    :ARG0 (z65 / one)
                                    :ARG1 (z66 / problem)
                                    :manner (z67 / defend-01))
                          :op2 (z68 / evade-01
                                    :ARG0 (z69 / other)
                                    :ARG1 (z70 / responsible-01)))
               :ARG1-of (z71 / follow-01))
    :snt6 (z72 / speak-01
               :ARG1 (z73 / and
                          :op1 (z74 / explain-01
                                    :ARG0 (z75 / one)
                                    :ARG1 (z76 / problem)
                                    :manner (z77 / defend-01))
                          :op2 (z78 / explain-01
                                    :ARG0 (z79 / other)
                                    :ARG1 (z80 / problem)
                                    :manner (z81 / defend-01)))
               :ARG1-of (z82 / general-02))
    :snt7 (z83 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z84 / explain-01
                          :ARG0 (z85 / person
                                     :mod (z86 / some))
                          :ARG1 (z87 / reason
                                     :quant (z88 / several)
                                     :mod (z89 / objective))
                          :purpose (z90 / and
                                        :op1 (z91 / justify-01
                                                  :ARG0 z85
                                                  :ARG1 z85)
                                        :op2 (z92 / dilute-01
                                                  :ARG0 z85
                                                  :ARG1 (z93 / affect-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z94 / obsolescence
                                                                        :poss z85)
                                                             :ARG1 (z95 / adverse)))))
               :ARG2 (z96 / do-02
                          :ARG0 z85
                          :ARG1 (z97 / mistake-02
                                     :ARG0 z85)))
    :snt8 (z98 / believe-01
               :ARG0 (z1000 / psychologist)
               :ARG1 (z1001 / develop-02
                            :ARG0 (z1002 / person)
                            :ARG1 (z1003 / sense-01
                                         :ARG0 z1002
                                         :ARG1 (z1004 / defend-01)
                                         :ARG1-of (z1005 / mean-01
                                                         :ARG2 (z1006 / psychology
                                                                      :mod z41)))
                            :manner (z1007 / instinct)))
    :snt9 (z1008 / believe-01
                 :ARG0 (z1009 / person)
                 :ARG1 (z1010 / develop-02
                              :ARG0 z1002
                              :ARG1 (z1011 / sense-01
                                           :ARG0 z1002
                                           :ARG1 (z1012 / defend-01)
                                           :ARG1-of (z1013 / mean-01
                                                           :ARG2 (z1014 / psychology
                                                                        :mod z1012)))))
    :snt10 (z1015 / be-temporally-at-91
                  :ARG1 (z1016 / talk-01
                               :ARG0 (z1017 / mass)
                               :ARG2 (z1018 / cadre
                                            :mod (z1019 / some))
                               :location (z1020 / unit
                                                :mod (z1021 / grass-roots)
                                                :mod (z1022 / some)))
                  :prep-in (z1023 / unit
                                  :mod (z1024 / grass-roots)))
    :snt11 (z1025 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z1026 / some)
                  :ARG1 (z1027 / antagonize-01
                               :ARG0 (z1028 / cadre
                                            :mod (z1029 / some))
                               :ARG1 (z1030 / mass)
                               :mod (z1031 / emotion))
                  :op1 (z1032 / mass))
    :prep-in (z99 / unit
                  :mod (z100 / grass-roots)
                  :mod (z101 / some)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ talk-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ mass(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z4) ∧ cadre(z4) ∧ :direction(z2, z5) ∧ back(z5) ∧ :time(z2, z6) ∧ always(z6) ∧ :location(z2, z7) ∧ unit(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ grass-roots(z8) ∧ :mod(z7, z9) ∧ some(z9) ∧ :op2(z1, z10) ∧ cause-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ person(z11) ∧ :quant(z11, z12) ∧ some(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z13) ∧ antagonize-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z11) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z3) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ emotion(z14) ∧ :mod(z10, z15) ∧ even(z15) ∧ :location(z1, z7) ∧ :snt2(z0, z16) ∧ reason(z16) ∧ :mod(z16, z17) ∧ main(z17) ∧ :domain(z16, z18) ∧ ignore-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ cadre(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ grass-roots(z20) ∧ :mod(z19, z21) ∧ some(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z22) ∧ psychology(z22) ∧ :mod(z22, z23) ∧ defend-01(z23) ∧ :poss(z22, z24) ∧ mass(z24) ∧ :snt3(z0, z25) ∧ believe-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ psychologist(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z27) ∧ develop-02(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z28) ∧ person(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z29) ∧ sense-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ defend-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z29) ∧ mean-01(z31) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z32) ∧ psychology(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z30) ∧ :manner(z27, z33) ∧ instinct(z33) ∧ :time(z27, z34) ∧ criticize-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ person(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ other(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z28) ∧ :snt4(z0, z37) ∧ explain-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ person(z38) ∧ :mod(z38, z39) ∧ some(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z40) ∧ reason(z40) ∧ :quant(z40, z41) ∧ several(z41) ∧ :mod(z40, z42) ∧ objective(z42) ∧ :purpose(z40, z43) ∧ and(z43) ∧ :op1(z43, z44) ∧ justify-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z38) ∧ :op2(z43, z45) ∧ dilute-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ affect-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z47) ∧ obsolescence(z47) ∧ :poss(z47, z38) ∧ :mod(z46, z48) ∧ adverse(z48) ∧ :concession(z37, z49) ∧ even-if(z49) ∧ :op1(z49, z50) ∧ mistake-02(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z50) ∧ obvious-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z50) ∧ shirk-01(z52) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z53, z52) ∧ possible-01(z53)) ∧ :purpose(z37, z54) ∧ and(z54) ∧ :op1(z54, z55) ∧ justify-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z38) ∧ :op2(z54, z56) ∧ evade-01(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ responsible-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z37) ∧ general-02(z58) ∧ :mod(z37, z59) ∧ main(z59) ∧ :snt5(z0, z60) ∧ manifest-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ psychology(z61) ∧ :mod(z61, z62) ∧ defend-01(z62) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z63) ∧ and(z63) ∧ :op1(z63, z64) ∧ explain-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ one(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z66) ∧ problem(z66) ∧ :manner(z64, z67) ∧ defend-01(z67) ∧ :op2(z63, z68) ∧ evade-01(z68) ∧ :ARG0(z68, z69) ∧ other(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z70) ∧ responsible-01(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z60) ∧ follow-01(z71) ∧ :snt6(z0, z72) ∧ speak-01(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ and(z73) ∧ :op1(z73, z74) ∧ explain-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z75) ∧ one(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z76) ∧ problem(z76) ∧ :manner(z74, z77) ∧ defend-01(z77) ∧ :op2(z73, z78) ∧ explain-01(z78) ∧ :ARG0(z78, z79) ∧ other(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z80) ∧ problem(z80) ∧ :manner(z78, z81) ∧ defend-01(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z72) ∧ general-02(z82) ∧ :snt7(z0, z83) ∧ have-concession-91(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z84) ∧ explain-01(z84) ∧ :ARG0(z84, z85) ∧ person(z85) ∧ :mod(z85, z86) ∧ some(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z87) ∧ reason(z87) ∧ :quant(z87, z88) ∧ several(z88) ∧ :mod(z87, z89) ∧ objective(z89) ∧ :purpose(z84, z90) ∧ and(z90) ∧ :op1(z90, z91) ∧ justify-01(z91) ∧ :ARG0(z91, z85) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z85) ∧ :op2(z90, z92) ∧ dilute-01(z92) ∧ :ARG0(z92, z85) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ affect-01(z93) ∧ :ARG0(z93, z94) ∧ obsolescence(z94) ∧ :poss(z94, z85) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z95) ∧ adverse(z95) ∧ :ARG2(z83, z96) ∧ do-02(z96) ∧ :ARG0(z96, z85) ∧ :ARG1(z96, z97) ∧ mistake-02(z97) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z85) ∧ :snt8(z0, z98) ∧ believe-01(z98) ∧ :ARG0(z98, z1000) ∧ psychologist(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z1001) ∧ develop-02(z1001) ∧ :ARG0(z1001, z1002) ∧ person(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1003) ∧ sense-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG0(z1003, z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1004) ∧ defend-01(z1004) ∧ :ARG1(z1005, z1003) ∧ mean-01(z1005) ∧ :ARG2(z1005, z1006) ∧ psychology(z1006) ∧ :mod(z1006, z41) ∧ :manner(z1001, z1007) ∧ instinct(z1007) ∧ :snt9(z0, z1008) ∧ believe-01(z1008) ∧ :ARG0(z1008, z1009) ∧ person(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1008, z1010) ∧ develop-02(z1010) ∧ :ARG0(z1010, z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1010, z1011) ∧ sense-01(z1011) ∧ :ARG0(z1011, z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z1012) ∧ defend-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z1011) ∧ mean-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG2(z1013, z1014) ∧ psychology(z1014) ∧ :mod(z1014, z1012) ∧ :snt10(z0, z1015) ∧ be-temporally-at-91(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1016) ∧ talk-01(z1016) ∧ :ARG0(z1016, z1017) ∧ mass(z1017) ∧ :ARG2(z1016, z1018) ∧ cadre(z1018) ∧ :mod(z1018, z1019) ∧ some(z1019) ∧ :location(z1016, z1020) ∧ unit(z1020) ∧ :mod(z1020, z1021) ∧ grass-roots(z1021) ∧ :mod(z1020, z1022) ∧ some(z1022) ∧ :prep-in(z1015, z1023) ∧ unit(z1023) ∧ :mod(z1023, z1024) ∧ grass-roots(z1024) ∧ :snt11(z0, z1025) ∧ cause-01(z1025) ∧ :ARG0(z1025, z1026) ∧ some(z1026) ∧ :ARG1(z1025, z1027) ∧ antagonize-01(z1027) ∧ :ARG0(z1027, z1028) ∧ cadre(z1028) ∧ :mod(z1028, z1029) ∧ some(z1029) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1030) ∧ mass(z1030) ∧ :mod(z1027, z1031) ∧ emotion(z1031) ∧ :op1(z1025, z1032) ∧ mass(z1032) ∧ :prep-in(z0, z99) ∧ unit(z99) ∧ :mod(z99, z100) ∧ grass-roots(z100) ∧ :mod(z99, z101) ∧ some(z101)


Knowing that he wants to go to bed early, he can't help but stay up late to watch TV dramas; he knows that smoking and drinking are harmful to his health, but he can't resist the temptation to smoke and drink; he knows that exercise is good, but he doesn't bother to walk a step. In life, many people are not lack of health knowledge, they are more lack of self-discipline. People with self-discipline will go to bed early, avoid certain foods and keep exercising. If a person adheres to the spirit of self-discipline, he will not indulge himself, he will be able to maintain his circadian rhythm and live a healthy and happy life.

Question: According to the above statement, which of the following options can be obtained?

Choices:
- All people who stick to sports are very disciplined
- Some people who lack self-discipline do not lack health knowledge
- If a person does not adhere to the spirit of self-discipline, he will indulge himself
- People who maintain their circadian rhythm can live a healthy and happy life

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / possible-01
              :polarity -
              :ARG1 (z2 / help-02
                        :ARG0 (z3 / he)
                        :ARG1 (z4 / stay-01
                                  :ARG1 z3
                                  :ARG3 (z5 / up
                                            :time (z6 / late))
                                  :purpose (z7 / watch-01
                                               :ARG0 z3
                                               :ARG1 (z8 / drama
                                                         :medium (z9 / television)))))
              :ARG1-of (z10 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z11 / know-01
                                       :ARG0 z3
                                       :ARG1 (z12 / want-01
                                                  :ARG0 z3
                                                  :ARG1 (z13 / bed-02
                                                             :ARG0 z3
                                                             :time (z14 / early))))))
    :snt2 (z15 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z16 / know-01
                          :ARG0 (z17 / he)
                          :ARG1 (z18 / harmful-02
                                     :ARG0 (z19 / and
                                                :op1 (z20 / smoke-02)
                                                :op2 (z21 / drink-01))
                                     :ARG1 (z22 / healthy
                                                :domain z17)))
               :ARG2 (z23 / possible-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z24 / resist-01
                                     :ARG0 z17
                                     :ARG1 (z25 / tempt-01
                                                :ARG1 z17
                                                :ARG2 (z26 / and
                                                           :op1 z20
                                                           :op2 z21)))))
    :snt3 (z27 / know-01
               :ARG0 (z28 / he)
               :ARG1 (z29 / good-02
                          :ARG1 (z30 / exercise-02))
               :concession-of (z31 / bother-02
                                   :polarity -
                                   :ARG0 z28
                                   :ARG1 (z32 / walk-01
                                              :ARG0 z28
                                              :ARG2 (z33 / step))))
    :snt4 (z34 / and
               :op1 (z35 / go-02
                         :ARG0 (z36 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z37 / discipline-01
                                                  :ARG1 z36))
                         :ARG4 (z38 / bed-02
                                    :ARG0 z36
                                    :time (z39 / early)))
               :op2 (z40 / avoid-01
                         :ARG0 z36
                         :ARG1 (z41 / food
                                    :mod (z42 / certain)))
               :op3 (z43 / keep-02
                         :ARG0 z36
                         :ARG1 (z44 / exercise-02
                                    :ARG0 z36)))
    :snt5 (z45 / and
               :op1 (z46 / indulge-01
                         :polarity -
                         :ARG0 (z47 / person
                                    :ARG1-of z46))
               :op2 (z48 / possible-01
                         :ARG1 (z49 / and
                                    :op1 (z50 / maintain-01
                                              :ARG0 z47
                                              :ARG1 (z51 / rhythm
                                                         :mod (z52 / chronology)
                                                         :poss z47))
                                    :op2 (z53 / live-01
                                              :ARG0 z47
                                              :ARG1 (z54 / life
                                                         :mod (z55 / healthy)
                                                         :ARG1-of (z56 / happy-01)))))
               :condition (z57 / adhere-02
                               :ARG0 (z58 / person)
                               :ARG1 (z59 / spirit
                                          :mod (z60 / discipline-01
                                                    :ARG1 z58))))
    :snt6 (z61 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z62 / lack-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z63 / person
                                     :quant (z64 / many))
                          :ARG1 (z65 / know-01
                                     :ARG1 (z66 / health)))
               :ARG2 (z67 / lack-01
                          :ARG0 (z68 / person
                                     :quant (z69 / many))
                          :ARG1 (z70 / discipline-01)
                          :mod (z71 / more))
               :snt7 (z72 / lack-01
                          :ARG1 (z73 / discipline-01)
                          :mod (z74 / more))
               :snt8 (z75 / and
                          :op1 (z76 / go-02
                                    :ARG0 (z77 / person
                                               :ARG0-of (z78 / discipline-01))
                                    :ARG4 (z79 / bed-02
                                               :ARG1 z77)
                                    :time (z80 / early))
                          :op2 (z81 / and
                                    :op1 (z82 / go-02
                                              :ARG0 (z83 / person
                                                         :ARG0-of (z84 / discipline-01))
                                              :ARG4 (z85 / bed-02
                                                         :ARG1 z77))
                                    :op2 (z86 / avoid-01
                                              :ARG0 (z87 / person
                                                         :ARG0-of (z88 / discipline-01)))
                                    :ARG1 (z89 / food
                                               :mod (z90 / certain))))
               :snt9 (z91 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z92 / know-01
                                     :ARG0 (z93 / he)
                                     :ARG1 (z94 / good-02
                                                :ARG1 (z95 / exercise-02)))
                          :ARG2 (z96 / bother-02
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z97 / walk-01
                                                :ARG1 (z98 / walk-01
                                                           :ARG2 (z99 / step))))))
    :snt10 (z100 / have-concession-91
                 :ARG1 (z101 / know-01
                             :ARG0 (z102 / he)
                             :ARG1 (z1000 / know-01
                                          :ARG1 (z1001 / good-02
                                                       :ARG1 (z1002 / exercise-02))))
                 :ARG2 (z1003 / know-01
                              :polarity -
                              :ARG1 (z1004 / and
                                           :op1 (z1005 / smoke-02)
                                           :op2 (z1006 / drink-01))))
    :snt11 (z1007 / have-concession-91
                  :ARG1 (z1008 / know-01
                               :ARG1 (z1009 / and
                                            :op1 (z1010 / smoke-02)
                                            :op2 (z1011 / drink-01))))
    :snt12 (z1012 / contrast-01
                  :ARG1 (z1013 / know-01
                               :ARG1 (z1014 / and
                                            :op1 (z1015 / smoke-02)
                                            :op2 (z1016 / smoke-02)))
                  :ARG2 (z1017 / possible-01
                               :polarity -
                               :ARG1 (z1018 / resist-01
                                            :ARG1 (z1019 / tempt-01))))
    :snt13 (z1020 / have-concession-91
                  :ARG1 (z1021 / know-01
                               :ARG1 (z1022 / and
                                            :op1 (z1023 / know-01
                                                        :polarity -
                                                        :ARG0 (z1024 / you)
                                                        :ARG1 (z1025 / and
                                                                     :op1 (z1026 / smoke-02)
                                                                     :op2 (z103 / drink-01))))
                               :op2 (z104 / know-01
                                          :polarity -
                                          :ARG1 (z105 / live-01
                                                      :ARG1 (z106 / life
                                                                  :mod (z1027 / healthy)
                                                                  :ARG1-of (z1028 / happy-01))))))
    :snt14 (z1029 / live-01
                  :ARG1 (z1030 / life
                               :ARG1-of (z1031 / live-01))))


To reduce waste of raw materials, the government of Sperland is considering requiring household appliances to be broken down for salvage when discarded. To cover the cost of salvage, the government is planning to charge a fee, which would be imposed when the appliance is first sold. Imposing the fee at the time of salvage would reduce waste more effectively, however, because consumers tend to keep old appliances longer if they are faced with a fee for discarding them.

Question: Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Choices:
- Many nonfunctioning appliances that are currently discarded could be repaired at relatively little expense.
- The fee provides manufacturers with no incentive to produce appliances that are more durable.
- Increasing the cost of disposing of an appliance properly increases the incentive to dispose of it improperly.
- For people who have bought new appliances recently, the salvage fee would not need to be paid for a number of years.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / consider-02
              :ARG0 (z2 / government-organization
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / govern-01
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / city
                                               :wiki "Sperland"
                                               :name (z5 / name
                                                         :op1 "Sperland"))))
              :ARG1 (z6 / require-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1 (z7 / break-down-12
                                  :ARG1 (z8 / appliance
                                            :mod (z9 / household))
                                  :purpose (z10 / salvage-01
                                                :ARG1 z8)
                                  :time (z11 / discard-01
                                             :ARG1 z8)))
              :purpose (z12 / reduce-01
                            :ARG0 z2
                            :ARG1 (z13 / waste-01
                                       :ARG1 (z14 / material
                                                  :mod (z15 / raw)))))
    :snt2 (z16 / plan-01
               :ARG0 (z17 / government-organization
                          :ARG0-of (z18 / govern-01))
               :ARG1 (z19 / charge-01
                          :ARG0 z17
                          :ARG1 (z20 / fee
                                     :ARG1-of (z21 / impose-01
                                                   :time (z22 / sell-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z23 / appliance)
                                                              :ord (z24 / ordinal-entity
                                                                        :value 1))))
                          :purpose (z25 / cover-01
                                        :ARG0 z17
                                        :ARG1 (z26 / cost-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z27 / salvage-01)))))
    :snt3 (z28 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z29 / reduce-01
                          :ARG0 (z30 / impose-01
                                     :ARG1 (z31 / fee)
                                     :time (z32 / salvage-01))
                          :ARG1 (z33 / waste-01)
                          :ARG1-of (z34 / effective-04
                                        :ARG2-of (z35 / have-degree-91
                                                      :ARG1 z30
                                                      :ARG3 (z36 / more)))
                          :ARG1-of (z37 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z38 / tend-02
                                                   :ARG1 (z39 / person
                                                              :ARG0-of (z40 / consume-01))
                                                   :ARG2 (z41 / keep-01
                                                              :ARG0 z39
                                                              :ARG1 (z42 / appliance
                                                                         :mod (z43 / old))
                                                              :ARG1-of (z44 / have-degree-91
                                                                            :ARG2 (z45 / long-03
                                                                                :ARG1 z41)
                                                                            :ARG3 (z46 / more))
                                                              :condition (z47 / face-01
                                                                              :ARG0 z39
                                                                              :ARG1 (z48 / fee
                                                                                :purpose (z49 / discard-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z39
                                                                                :ARG1 z42))))
                                                   :ARG1-of (z50 / cause-01
                                                                 :ARG0 (z51 / tend-02
                                                                            :ARG1 z39
                                                                            :ARG2 (z52 / keep-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z39
                                                                                :ARG1 z42
                                                                                :duration (z53 / long-03
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z54 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z55 / long-03)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z56 / more))))))))))
    :snt2 (z57 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z58 / plan-01
                          :ARG0 (z59 / government-organization
                                     :ARG0-of (z60 / govern-01))
                          :ARG1 (z61 / charge-01
                                     :ARG0 z59
                                     :ARG1 (z62 / fee
                                                :ARG1-of (z63 / impose-01
                                                              :time (z64 / sell-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z65 / appliance)
                                                                         :ord (z66 / ordinal-entity
                                                                                :value 1)))))
                          :purpose (z67 / cover-01
                                        :ARG0 z59
                                        :ARG1 (z68 / cost-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z69 / salvage-01))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ consider-02(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ government-organization(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ govern-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ city(z4) ∧ :wiki(z4, "Sperland") ∧ :name(z4, z5) ∧ name(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, "Sperland") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ require-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ break-down-12(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ appliance(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ household(z9) ∧ :purpose(z7, z10) ∧ salvage-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z8) ∧ :time(z7, z11) ∧ discard-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z8) ∧ :purpose(z1, z12) ∧ reduce-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ waste-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ material(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ raw(z15) ∧ :snt2(z0, z16) ∧ plan-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ government-organization(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ govern-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z19) ∧ charge-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z17) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ fee(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ impose-01(z21) ∧ :time(z21, z22) ∧ sell-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ appliance(z23) ∧ :ord(z22, z24) ∧ ordinal-entity(z24) ∧ :value(z24, 1) ∧ :purpose(z19, z25) ∧ cover-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z17) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ cost-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ salvage-01(z27) ∧ :snt3(z0, z28) ∧ contrast-01(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ reduce-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ impose-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ fee(z31) ∧ :time(z30, z32) ∧ salvage-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z33) ∧ waste-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z29) ∧ effective-04(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z34) ∧ have-degree-91(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z30) ∧ :ARG3(z35, z36) ∧ more(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z29) ∧ cause-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ tend-02(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ person(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z39) ∧ consume-01(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z41) ∧ :condition(z41, z47) ∧ face-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z39) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ fee(z48) ∧ :purpose(z48, z49) ∧ discard-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z39) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z42) ∧ keep-01(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z39) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ appliance(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ old(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z41) ∧ have-degree-91(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z45) ∧ long-03(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z41) ∧ :ARG3(z44, z46) ∧ more(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z38) ∧ cause-01(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z51) ∧ tend-02(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z39) ∧ :ARG2(z51, z52) ∧ keep-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z39) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z42) ∧ :duration(z52, z53) ∧ long-03(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z53) ∧ have-degree-91(z54) ∧ :ARG2(z54, z55) ∧ long-03(z55) ∧ :ARG3(z54, z56) ∧ more(z56) ∧ :snt2(z0, z57) ∧ have-concession-91(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ plan-01(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z59) ∧ government-organization(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z59) ∧ govern-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z61) ∧ charge-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z59) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z62) ∧ fee(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z62) ∧ impose-01(z63) ∧ :time(z63, z64) ∧ sell-01(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ appliance(z65) ∧ :ord(z64, z66) ∧ ordinal-entity(z66) ∧ :value(z66, 1) ∧ :purpose(z58, z67) ∧ cover-01(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z59) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ cost-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ salvage-01(z69)


Smithtown University' s fund-raisers succeeded in getting donations from 80 percent of the potential donors they contacted. This success rate, exceptionally high for university fund-raisers, does not indicate that they were doing a good job. On the contrary, since the people most likely to donate are those who have donated in the past, good fund-raisers constantly try less-likely prospects in an effort to expand the donor base. The high success rate shows insufficient canvassing effort.

Question: Which of the following, if true, provides more support for the argument?

Choices:
- This year the average size of the donations to Smithtown University from new donors when the university's fund-raisers had contacted was larger than the average size of donations from donors who had given to the university before.
- The majority of the donations that fund-raisers succeeded in getting for Smithtown University this year were from donors who had never given to the university before.
- This year most of the donations that came to Smithtown University from people who had previously donated to it were made without the university's fund-raisers having made any contact with the donors.
- Smithtown University's fund-raisers were successful in their contacts with potential donors who had never given before about as frequently as were fund-raisers for other universities in their contacts with such people.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / succeed-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / raise-02
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / fund))
                        :poss (z5 / university
                                  :wiki "Smithtown_University"
                                  :name (z6 / name
                                            :op1 "Smithtown"
                                            :op2 "University")))
              :ARG1 (z7 / get-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1 (z8 / thing
                                  :ARG1-of (z9 / donate-01))
                        :ARG2 (z10 / person
                                   :ARG1-of (z11 / include-91
                                                 :ARG2 (z12 / person
                                                            :ARG0-of (z13 / donate-01)
                                                            :mod (z14 / potential)
                                                            :ARG1-of (z15 / contact-01
                                                                          :ARG0 z2))
                                                 :ARG3 (z16 / percentage-entity
                                                            :value 80)))))
    :snt2 (z17 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z18 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z19 / likely-01
                                     :ARG1 (z20 / donate-01
                                                :ARG0 (z21 / person
                                                           :ARG0-of (z22 / donate-01
                                                                         :time (z23 / past))))
                                     :ARG2-of (z24 / have-degree-91
                                                   :ARG1 z20
                                                   :ARG3 (z25 / most)))
                          :ARG1 (z26 / try-01
                                     :ARG0 (z27 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z28 / raise-02
                                                              :ARG1 (z29 / fund))
                                                :ARG1-of (z30 / good-03))
                                     :ARG1 (z31 / prospect-02
                                                :ARG1-of (z32 / have-degree-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z33 / likely-01
                                                                         :ARG1 z31)
                                                              :ARG3 (z34 / less)))
                                     :frequency (z35 / constant)
                                     :purpose (z36 / effort-01
                                                   :ARG0 z27
                                                   :ARG1 (z37 / expand-01
                                                              :ARG0 z27
                                                              :ARG1 (z38 / base-02
                                                                         :ARG1 (z39 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z40 / donate-01))))))))
    :snt3 (z41 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z42 / show-01
                          :ARG0 (z43 / rate
                                     :mod (z44 / succeed-01)
                                     :ARG1-of (z45 / high-02
                                                   :degree (z46 / exceptional))
                                     :mod (z47 / this)
                                     :ARG1-of (z48 / include-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z49 / rate
                                                              :mod z44
                                                              :ARG1-of (z50 / succeed-01
                                                                            :ARG0 (z51 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z52 / raise-02
                                                                                :ARG1 (z53 / fund))
                                                                                :mod (z54 / university))))))
                          :ARG1 (z55 / suffice-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 (z56 / effort-01
                                                :ARG1 (z57 / canvass-01)
                                                :ARG0-of (z58 / suffice-01
                                                              :polarity -))))
               :snt4 (z59 / indicate-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z60 / rate
                                     :mod (z61 / succeed-01)
                                     :ARG1-of (z62 / high-02
                                                   :degree (z63 / exceptional))
                                     :mod (z64 / this))
                          :ARG1 (z65 / do-02
                                     :ARG0 (z66 / they)
                                     :ARG1 (z67 / job
                                                :ARG1-of (z68 / good-02))))
               :snt5 (z69 / contrast-01
                          :ARG2 (z70 / try-01
                                     :ARG0 (z71 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z72 / raise-02
                                                              :ARG1 (z73 / fund))
                                                :ARG1-of (z74 / good-03))
                                     :ARG1 (z75 / prospect-02
                                                :ARG1-of (z76 / have-degree-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z77 / likely-01
                                                                         :ARG1 z75)
                                                              :ARG3 (z78 / less)))
                                     :purpose (z79 / effort-01
                                                   :ARG0 z71
                                                   :ARG1 (z80 / expand-01
                                                              :ARG0 z71
                                                              :ARG1 (z81 / base
                                                                         :consist-of (z82 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z83 / donate-01)))))
                                     :manner (z84 / constant)))
               :snt6 (z85 / contrast-01
                          :ARG2 (z86 / show-01
                                     :ARG0 (z87 / rate
                                                :mod (z88 / rate
                                                          :mod (z89 / succeed-01)
                                                          :ARG1-of (z90 / high-02))
                                                :ARG1-of (z91 / high-02))
                                     :ARG1 (z92 / effort-01
                                                :ARG1 (z93 / canvass-01)
                                                :ARG0-of (z94 / suffice-01
                                                              :polarity -))))
               :snt7 (z95 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z96 / cause-01
                                     :ARG0 (z97 / likely-01
                                                :ARG1 (z98 / donate-01
                                                           :ARG0 (z99 / person
                                                                      :ARG0-of (z100 / donate-01)))
                                                :ARG2-of (z101 / have-degree-91
                                                               :ARG1 z99
                                                               :ARG3 (z102 / most)
                                                               :ARG5 (z103 / person
                                                                           :ARG0-of (z104 / donate-01
                                                                                :time (z105 / past))))))))
    :ARG0 (z1001 / person
                 :ARG0-of (z1002 / raise-02
                                 :ARG1 (z1003 / fund))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ succeed-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ raise-02(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ fund(z4) ∧ :poss(z2, z5) ∧ university(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, "Smithtown_University") ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "Smithtown") ∧ :op2(z6, "University") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z7) ∧ get-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ thing(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ donate-01(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z10) ∧ person(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ include-91(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ person(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z12) ∧ donate-01(z13) ∧ :mod(z12, z14) ∧ potential(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z12) ∧ contact-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z2) ∧ :ARG3(z11, z16) ∧ percentage-entity(z16) ∧ :value(z16, 80) ∧ :snt2(z0, z17) ∧ contrast-01(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z18) ∧ cause-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ likely-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ donate-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ person(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z21) ∧ donate-01(z22) ∧ :time(z22, z23) ∧ past(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z19) ∧ have-degree-91(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z20) ∧ :ARG3(z24, z25) ∧ most(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z26) ∧ try-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z27) ∧ person(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z27) ∧ raise-02(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ fund(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z27) ∧ good-03(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z31) ∧ prospect-02(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z31) ∧ have-degree-91(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ likely-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z31) ∧ :ARG3(z32, z34) ∧ less(z34) ∧ :frequency(z26, z35) ∧ constant(z35) ∧ :purpose(z26, z36) ∧ effort-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z27) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ expand-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z27) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ base-02(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ person(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z39) ∧ donate-01(z40) ∧ :snt3(z0, z41) ∧ contrast-01(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ show-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ rate(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z44) ∧ succeed-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z43) ∧ high-02(z45) ∧ :degree(z45, z46) ∧ exceptional(z46) ∧ :mod(z43, z47) ∧ this(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z43) ∧ include-91(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z49) ∧ rate(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z44) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z49) ∧ succeed-01(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z51) ∧ person(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z51) ∧ raise-02(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ fund(z53) ∧ :mod(z51, z54) ∧ university(z54) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z42, z55) ∧ suffice-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ effort-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ canvass-01(z57) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z58, z56) ∧ suffice-01(z58))) ∧ ¬(:snt4(z41, z59) ∧ indicate-01(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z59, z60) ∧ rate(z60) ∧ :mod(z60, z61) ∧ succeed-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z60) ∧ high-02(z62) ∧ :degree(z62, z63) ∧ exceptional(z63) ∧ :mod(z60, z64) ∧ this(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z65) ∧ do-02(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z66) ∧ they(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z67) ∧ job(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z67) ∧ good-02(z68)) ∧ :snt5(z41, z69) ∧ contrast-01(z69) ∧ :ARG2(z69, z70) ∧ try-01(z70) ∧ :ARG0(z70, z71) ∧ person(z71) ∧ :ARG0(z72, z71) ∧ raise-02(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ fund(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z71) ∧ good-03(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z75) ∧ prospect-02(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z75) ∧ have-degree-91(z76) ∧ :ARG2(z76, z77) ∧ likely-01(z77) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z75) ∧ :ARG3(z76, z78) ∧ less(z78) ∧ :purpose(z70, z79) ∧ effort-01(z79) ∧ :ARG0(z79, z71) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ expand-01(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z80, z71) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z81) ∧ base(z81) ∧ :consist(z82, z81) ∧ person(z82) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z82) ∧ donate-01(z83) ∧ :manner(z70, z84) ∧ constant(z84) ∧ :snt6(z41, z85) ∧ contrast-01(z85) ∧ :ARG2(z85, z86) ∧ show-01(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z87) ∧ rate(z87) ∧ :mod(z87, z88) ∧ rate(z88) ∧ :mod(z88, z89) ∧ succeed-01(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z88) ∧ high-02(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z87) ∧ high-02(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z92) ∧ effort-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ canvass-01(z93) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z94, z92) ∧ suffice-01(z94)) ∧ :snt7(z41, z95) ∧ have-concession-91(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z96) ∧ cause-01(z96) ∧ :ARG0(z96, z97) ∧ likely-01(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z98) ∧ donate-01(z98) ∧ :ARG0(z98, z99) ∧ person(z99) ∧ :ARG0(z100, z99) ∧ donate-01(z100) ∧ :ARG2(z101, z97) ∧ have-degree-91(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z99) ∧ :ARG3(z101, z102) ∧ most(z102) ∧ :ARG5(z101, z103) ∧ person(z103) ∧ :ARG0(z104, z103) ∧ donate-01(z104) ∧ :time(z104, z105) ∧ past(z105) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1001) ∧ person(z1001) ∧ :ARG0(z1002, z1001) ∧ raise-02(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z1003) ∧ fund(z1003)


Newspaper report: The government' s health department is unable to explain the recent finding that over time a 10 percent increase in the price of cigarettes caused a 5 percent reduction in the number of smokers. This is a surprising finding because cigarettes are known to be highly addictive and numerous studies have demonstrated that an increase in the price of cigarettes almost never causes people to quit smoking.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the finding that the increase in the price of cigarettes reduced the number of smokers?

Choices:
- The extent to which cigarettes are addictive depends on the brain physiology unique to the human species.
- The 10 percent price increase followed a recent 15 percent price increase.
- Previous price increases have also, over time, caused a reduction in the number of smokers.
- As cigarette prices rise, the annual number of deaths of smokers surpasses the annual number of new smokers.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / report-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / newspaper)
              :ARG1 (z3 / possible-01
                        :polarity -
                        :ARG1 (z4 / explain-01
                                  :ARG0 (z5 / government-organization
                                            :wiki -
                                            :name (z6 / name
                                                      :op1 "Health"
                                                      :op2 "Department")
                                            :part-of (z7 / government-organization
                                                         :ARG0-of (z8 / govern-01)))
                                  :ARG1 (z9 / find-01
                                            :ARG1 (z10 / cause-01
                                                       :ARG0 (z11 / increase-01
                                                                  :ARG1 (z12 / price-01
                                                                             :ARG1 (z13 / cigarette))
                                                                  :ARG2 (z14 / percentage-entity
                                                                             :value 10)
                                                                  :mod (z15 / over-time))
                                                       :ARG1 (z16 / reduce-01
                                                                  :ARG1 (z17 / number
                                                                             :quant-of (z18 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z19 / smoke-02)))
                                                                  :ARG2 (z20 / percentage-entity
                                                                             :value 5)))
                                            :time (z21 / recent))))
              :snt2 (z22 / surprise-01
                         :ARG0 (z23 / find-01
                                    :ARG1 (z24 / this))
                         :ARG1-of (z25 / cause-01
                                       :ARG0 (z26 / and
                                                  :op1 (z27 / know-01
                                                            :ARG1 (z28 / addictive-02
                                                                       :ARG0 (z29 / cigarette)
                                                                       :degree (z30 / high-02)))
                                                  :op2 (z31 / demonstrate-01
                                                            :ARG0 (z32 / study-01
                                                                       :quant (z33 / numerous))
                                                            :ARG1 (z34 / cause-01
                                                                       :polarity -
                                                                       :ARG0 (z35 / increase-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z36 / price-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z37 / cigarette)))
                                                                       :ARG1 (z38 / quit-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z39 / person)
                                                                                :ARG1 (z40 / smoke-02
                                                                                :ARG0 z39))
                                                                       :time (z41 / ever
                                                                                :mod (z42 / almost))))))))
    :wiki -
    :name (z44 / name
               :op1 "Newspaper"))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ report-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ newspaper(z2) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ possible-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ explain-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ government-organization(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, -) ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "Health") ∧ :op2(z6, "Department") ∧ :part(z7, z5) ∧ government-organization(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z7) ∧ govern-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z9) ∧ find-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ cause-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ increase-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ price-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ cigarette(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z14) ∧ percentage-entity(z14) ∧ :value(z14, 10) ∧ :mod(z11, z15) ∧ over-time(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z16) ∧ reduce-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ number(z17) ∧ :quant(z18, z17) ∧ person(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z18) ∧ smoke-02(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z20) ∧ percentage-entity(z20) ∧ :value(z20, 5) ∧ :time(z9, z21) ∧ recent(z21)) ∧ :snt2(z1, z22) ∧ surprise-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ find-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ this(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z22) ∧ cause-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ and(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ know-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ addictive-02(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ cigarette(z29) ∧ :degree(z28, z30) ∧ high-02(z30) ∧ :op2(z26, z31) ∧ demonstrate-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ study-01(z32) ∧ :quant(z32, z33) ∧ numerous(z33) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z31, z34) ∧ cause-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ increase-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ price-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ cigarette(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z38) ∧ quit-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ person(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z40) ∧ smoke-02(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z39) ∧ :time(z34, z41) ∧ ever(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ almost(z42)) ∧ :wiki(z0, -) ∧ :name(z0, z44) ∧ name(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, "Newspaper")


The scene of mountains is beautiful after the rain, even if no one appreciates it.

Question: Which of the following is refuted by the above text?

Choices:
- Beauty is only skin deep.
- The taste is uncountable.
- Beauty is only in the eyes of people.
- People just want to see what they like.

(z0 / have-concession-91
    :ARG1 (z1 / beautiful-02
              :ARG1 (z2 / scene
                        :mod (z3 / mountain))
              :time (z4 / after
                        :op1 (z5 / rain-01)))
    :ARG2 (z6 / even-if
              :op1 (z7 / appreciate-02
                       :ARG0 (z8 / no-one)
                       :ARG1 z1)))

have-concession-91(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ beautiful-02(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ scene(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ mountain(z3) ∧ :time(z1, z4) ∧ after(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, z5) ∧ rain-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z6) ∧ even-if(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, z7) ∧ appreciate-02(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z8) ∧ no-one(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z1)


Supply-induced demand refers to the fact that suppliers use information superior to consumers and prioritize their own interests to encourage consumers to buy more products and services.

Question: According to the above definition,  which of the followings is not classified as supply-induced demand?

Choices:
- A department store is on promotion. During the New Year's Holiday, the price of a certain product will be raised at first, and then the product will be promoted by the means of 200 yuan for free 50 yuan extra
- A supermarket salesperson allowed customers to drink a certain foreign brand beverage for free, and declared that the beverage was the first choice of successful people in the country
- When Ms. Lin went to a beauty shop with a free voucher, the beautician said that the whitening products were very effective and could make her 10 years younger. Ms. Lin then ordered a year of beauty service there
- Mr. Li went to a certain electrical appliance city in order to change his mobile phone, he consulted the salesperson in detail and bought a mobile phone that he liked.

(z0 / refer-01
    :ARG1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / use-01
                       :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                 :ARG0-of (z4 / supply-01))
                       :ARG1 (z5 / information
                                 :ARG1-of (z6 / superior-01
                                              :ARG2 (z7 / information
                                                        :ARG1-of (z8 / use-01
                                                                     :ARG0 (z9 / person
                                                                               :ARG0-of (z10 / consume-01)))))))
              :op2 (z11 / prioritize-01
                        :ARG0 z3
                        :ARG1 (z12 / interest
                                   :poss z3)
                        :purpose (z13 / encourage-01
                                      :ARG0 z3
                                      :ARG1 z9
                                      :ARG2 (z14 / buy-01
                                                 :ARG0 z9
                                                 :ARG1 (z15 / and
                                                            :op1 (z16 / product)
                                                            :op2 (z17 / service)
                                                            :mod (z18 / more))))))
    :ARG2 (z19 / demand-01
               :ARG1-of (z20 / induce-01
                             :ARG0 (z21 / supply-01)))
    :ARG1-of (z22 / mean-01
                  :ARG2 (z23 / and
                             :op1 (z24 / use-01
                                       :ARG0 z3
                                       :ARG1 (z25 / information
                                                  :ARG1-of (z26 / superior-01
                                                                :ARG2 z7)))
                             :op2 (z27 / prioritize-01
                                       :ARG0 z3
                                       :ARG1 (z28 / interest
                                                  :poss z3)
                                       :purpose (z29 / encourage-01
                                                     :ARG0 z3
                                                     :ARG1 z9
                                                     :ARG2 (z30 / buy-01
                                                                :ARG0 z9
                                                                :ARG1 (z31 / and
                                                                           :op1 (z32 / product)
                                                                           :op2 (z33 / service)
                                                                           :mod (z34 / more))))))))

refer-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ use-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ supply-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z5) ∧ information(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ superior-01(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z7) ∧ information(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ use-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ person(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z9) ∧ consume-01(z10) ∧ :op2(z1, z11) ∧ prioritize-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ interest(z12) ∧ :poss(z12, z3) ∧ :purpose(z11, z13) ∧ encourage-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z9) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z14) ∧ buy-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ and(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, z16) ∧ product(z16) ∧ :op2(z15, z17) ∧ service(z17) ∧ :mod(z15, z18) ∧ more(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z19) ∧ demand-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ induce-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ supply-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z0) ∧ mean-01(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z23) ∧ and(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, z24) ∧ use-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ information(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z25) ∧ superior-01(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z7) ∧ :op2(z23, z27) ∧ prioritize-01(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ interest(z28) ∧ :poss(z28, z3) ∧ :purpose(z27, z29) ∧ encourage-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z9) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z30) ∧ buy-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ product(z32) ∧ :op2(z31, z33) ∧ service(z33) ∧ :mod(z31, z34) ∧ more(z34)


Utrania was formerly a major petroleum exporter, but in recent decades economic stagnation and restrictive regulations inhibited investment in new oil fields. In consequence, Utranian oil exports dropped steadily as old fields became depleted. Utrania' s currently improving economic situation, together with less restrictive regulations, will undoubtedly result in the rapid development of new fields. However, it would be premature to conclude that the rapid development of new fields will result in higher oil exports, because__.

Question: Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

Choices:
- the price of oil is expected to remain relatively stable over the next several years
- the improvement in the economic situation in Utrania is expected to result in a dramatic increase in the proportion of Utranians who own automobiles
- most of the investment in new oil fields in Utrania is expected to come from foreign sources
- new technology is available to recover oil from old oil fields formerly regarded as depleted

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / contrast-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / export-01
                        :ARG0 (z3 / country
                                  :wiki "Iran"
                                  :name (z4 / name
                                            :op1 "Utrania"))
                        :ARG1 (z5 / petroleum)
                        :ARG1-of (z6 / major-02)
                        :time (z7 / former))
              :ARG2 (z8 / inhibit-01
                        :ARG0 (z9 / and
                                  :op1 (z10 / stagnate-01
                                            :ARG1 (z11 / economy))
                                  :op2 (z12 / regulate-01
                                            :ARG0-of (z13 / restrict-01)))
                        :ARG1 (z14 / invest-01
                                   :ARG2 (z15 / field
                                              :ARG1-of (z16 / new-01)))
                        :time (z17 / decade
                                   :mod (z18 / recent)))
              :concession (z19 / drop-01
                               :ARG1 (z20 / export-01
                                          :ARG0 z3
                                          :ARG1 (z21 / oil))
                               :manner (z22 / steady)
                               :time (z23 / become-01
                                          :ARG1 (z24 / field
                                                     :mod (z25 / old))
                                          :ARG2 (z26 / deplete-01
                                                     :ARG1 z24))
                               :ARG2-of (z27 / consequence-03)))
    :snt2 (z28 / result-01
               :ARG1 (z29 / and
                          :op1 (z30 / situation
                                    :ARG1-of (z31 / improve-01
                                                  :time (z32 / current))
                                    :mod (z33 / economy)
                                    :poss (z34 / country
                                               :wiki "Iran"
                                               :name (z35 / name
                                                          :op1 "Iran")))
                          :op2 (z36 / regulate-01
                                    :ARG1-of (z37 / have-degree-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z38 / restrict-01)
                                                  :ARG3 (z39 / less))))
               :ARG2 (z40 / develop-02
                          :ARG1 (z41 / field
                                     :ARG1-of (z42 / new-01))
                          :manner (z43 / rapid))
               :ARG1-of (z44 / doubt-01
                             :polarity -))
    :snt3 (z45 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z46 / premature
                          :domain (z47 / conclude-01
                                       :ARG1 (z48 / result-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z49 / develop-02
                                                             :ARG1 (z50 / field
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z51 / new-01))
                                                             :manner (z52 / rapid))
                                                  :ARG2 (z53 / export-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z54 / oil)
                                                             :ARG1-of (z55 / have-degree-91
                                                                           :ARG2 (z56 / high-02
                                                                                :ARG1 z53)
                                                                           :ARG3 (z57 / more)))))
                          :ARG1-of (z58 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z59 / and
                                                   :op1 (z60 / go-01
                                                             :direction (z61 / ahead)
                                                             :manner (z62 / steady))
                                                   :op2 (z63 / become-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z64 / field
                                                                        :mod (z65 / old))
                                                             :ARG2 (z66 / deplete-01
                                                                        :ARG1 z64)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ contrast-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ export-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ country(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, "Iran") ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "Utrania") ∧ :ARG1(z2, z5) ∧ petroleum(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z2) ∧ major-02(z6) ∧ :time(z2, z7) ∧ former(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z8) ∧ inhibit-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ and(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ stagnate-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ economy(z11) ∧ :op2(z9, z12) ∧ regulate-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z12) ∧ restrict-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z14) ∧ invest-01(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ field(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ new-01(z16) ∧ :time(z8, z17) ∧ decade(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ recent(z18) ∧ :concession(z1, z19) ∧ drop-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ export-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ oil(z21) ∧ :manner(z19, z22) ∧ steady(z22) ∧ :time(z19, z23) ∧ become-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ field(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ old(z25) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z26) ∧ deplete-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z24) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z19) ∧ consequence-03(z27) ∧ :snt2(z0, z28) ∧ result-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ and(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, z30) ∧ situation(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z30) ∧ improve-01(z31) ∧ :time(z31, z32) ∧ current(z32) ∧ :mod(z30, z33) ∧ economy(z33) ∧ :poss(z30, z34) ∧ country(z34) ∧ :wiki(z34, "Iran") ∧ :name(z34, z35) ∧ name(z35) ∧ :op1(z35, "Iran") ∧ :op2(z29, z36) ∧ regulate-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ have-degree-91(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z38) ∧ restrict-01(z38) ∧ :ARG3(z37, z39) ∧ less(z39) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z40) ∧ develop-02(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ field(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ new-01(z42) ∧ :manner(z40, z43) ∧ rapid(z43) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z44, z28) ∧ doubt-01(z44)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z45) ∧ have-concession-91(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ premature(z46) ∧ :domain(z46, z47) ∧ conclude-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ result-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ develop-02(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ field(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z50) ∧ new-01(z51) ∧ :manner(z49, z52) ∧ rapid(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z53) ∧ export-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ oil(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z53) ∧ have-degree-91(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z56) ∧ high-02(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z53) ∧ :ARG3(z55, z57) ∧ more(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z46) ∧ cause-01(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z59) ∧ and(z59) ∧ :op1(z59, z60) ∧ go-01(z60) ∧ :direction(z60, z61) ∧ ahead(z61) ∧ :manner(z60, z62) ∧ steady(z62) ∧ :op2(z59, z63) ∧ become-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ field(z64) ∧ :mod(z64, z65) ∧ old(z65) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z66) ∧ deplete-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z64)


Behavior that violates morality is against human nature, and all things that go against human nature are equally bad. Because it is immoral to kill a man, killing one person is as bad as killing a hundred people.

Question: Which of the following options is most consistent with the principles expressed above?

Choices:
- Sacrificing one person to save one person is as noble as sacrificing one person to save a hundred people.
- Robbery is not only immoral, but also against human nature, it is as bad as killing a person.
- When you have to kill one person to save another, it is as bad as not to kill someone.
- Since rape is immoral, society should prevent rape in the same way that it prevents the killing of people.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / oppose-01
                       :ARG0 (z3 / behave-01
                                 :ARG0-of (z4 / violate-01
                                              :ARG1 (z5 / morality)))
                       :ARG1 (z6 / nature
                                 :mod (z7 / human)))
              :op2 (z8 / bad-07
                       :ARG1 (z9 / thing
                                 :ARG0-of (z10 / go-06
                                               :ARG2 (z11 / against
                                                          :op1 z6))
                                 :mod (z12 / all))
                       :ARG2-of (z13 / equal-01
                                     :ARG1 z9)))
    :snt2 (z14 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z15 / moral-02
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z16 / kill-01
                                     :ARG1 (z17 / man)))
               :ARG1 (z18 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z19 / kill-01
                                     :ARG1 (z20 / person
                                                :quant 1))
                          :ARG2 (z21 / bad-07
                                     :ARG1 z19)
                          :ARG3 (z22 / equal)
                          :ARG4 (z23 / kill-01
                                     :ARG1 (z24 / person
                                                :quant 100))))
    :snt3 (z25 / have-degree-91
               :ARG1 (z26 / go-02
                          :ARG0 (z27 / marry-01)
                          :direction (z28 / out))
               :ARG2 (z29 / bad-07
                          :ARG1 z26)
               :ARG3 (z30 / equal)
               :ARG4 (z31 / go-02
                          :ARG0 z27
                          :direction (z32 / inside)))
    :snt4 (z33 / die-01
               :ARG1 (z34 / person
                          :quant 1)))