Human rights activists have urged consumers to be conscious of the labor practices employed by manufacturers, especially in developing nations, saying that if we accept moral responsibility for our impact on third world workers, we must buy products from manufacturers that do not take advantage of their workers. It is nearly impossible, however, to determine which manufacturers are employing fair labor practices. Because of this impossibility there can be no moral obligation to choose products in the way these activists urge, because__.

Question: Which one of the following principles provides the most appropriate completion for the argument?

Choices:
- A moral choice is more important than a moral action.
- The morally correct option is the one that maximizes a person's effort to do good.
- It is more important to identify the moral choice than to act.
- A person cannot have a moral duty to do what is impossible.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / urge-01
                       :ARG0 (z3 / activist
                                 :purpose (z4 / right-05
                                              :ARG1 (z5 / human)))
                       :ARG1 (z6 / person
                                 :ARG0-of (z7 / consume-01))
                       :ARG2 (z8 / realize-01
                                 :ARG0 z6
                                 :ARG1 (z9 / practice-01
                                           :ARG0 (z10 / person
                                                      :ARG0-of (z11 / manufacture-01))
                                           :ARG1 (z12 / labor-01)
                                           :ARG1-of (z13 / employ-02
                                                         :ARG0 z10
                                                         :location (z14 / nation
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z15 / develop-02)
                                                                        :mod (z16 / especially))))))
              :op2 (z17 / say-01
                        :ARG0 z3
                        :ARG1 (z18 / obligate-01
                                   :ARG1 (z19 / we)
                                   :ARG2 (z20 / buy-01
                                              :ARG0 z19
                                              :ARG1 (z21 / product)
                                              :ARG2 (z22 / company
                                                         :ARG0-of (z23 / manufacture-01)
                                                         :ARG0-of (z24 / take-advantage-02
                                                                       :polarity -
                                                                       :ARG1 (z25 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z26 / work-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z22)))))
                                   :condition (z27 / accept-01
                                                   :ARG0 z19
                                                   :ARG1 (z28 / responsible-01
                                                              :ARG0 z19
                                                              :ARG1 (z29 / impact-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z19
                                                                         :ARG1 (z30 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z31 / work-01)
                                                                                :mod (z32 / world
                                                                                :ord (z33 / ordinal-entity
                                                                                :value 3))))
                                                              :ARG1-of (z34 / moral-02)))))
              :op3 (z35 / say-01
                        :ARG0 z3
                        :ARG1 (z36 / obligate-01
                                   :ARG1 z19
                                   :ARG2 (z37 / buy-01
                                              :ARG0 z19
                                              :ARG1 (z38 / product)
                                              :ARG2 (z39 / company
                                                         :ARG0-of (z40 / manufacture-01)
                                                         :ARG0-of (z41 / take-advantage-02
                                                                       :polarity -
                                                                       :ARG1 (z42 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z43 / work-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z39)))))))
              :op4 (z44 / have-concession-91
                        :ARG1 (z45 / possible-01
                                   :polarity -
                                   :ARG1 (z46 / determine-01
                                              :ARG1 (z47 / company
                                                         :ARG0-of (z48 / manufacture-01)
                                                         :ARG0-of (z49 / employ-02
                                                                       :ARG1 (z50 / practice-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z51 / labor-01)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z52 / fair-01)))))
                                   :mod (z53 / near))))
    :snt2 (z54 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z55 / possible-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z56 / obligate-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z57 / choose-01
                                                :ARG1 (z58 / product)
                                                :manner (z59 / way
                                                             :ARG1-of (z60 / urge-01
                                                                           :ARG0 (z61 / activist
                                                                                :mod (z62 / this)))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z63 / moral-02))
                          :ARG1 (z64 / cause-01))
               :snt3 (z65 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z66 / possible-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z67 / possible-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG1 (z68 / choose-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z69 / product)
                                                           :manner (z70 / way
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z71 / urge-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z72 / activist
                                                                                :mod (z73 / this))))
                                                           :ARG1-of (z74 / moral-02)))))
               :snt4 (z75 / contrast-01
                          :ARG2 (z76 / possible-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z77 / determine-01
                                                :ARG1 (z78 / company
                                                           :ARG0-of (z79 / manufacture-01)
                                                           :ARG0-of (z80 / employ-02
                                                                         :ARG1 (z81 / practice-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z82 / labor-01)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z83 / fair-01))))
                                                :location (z84 / nation
                                                               :ARG1-of (z85 / develop-02)))))
               :snt5 (z86 / say-01
                          :ARG0 (z87 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z88 / have-org-role-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z89 / activist
                                                              :purpose (z90 / right-05
                                                                            :ARG1 (z91 / human))))))
               :ARG1 (z92 / obligate-01
                          :ARG1 (z93 / and
                                     :op1 (z94 / go-01
                                               :ARG1 (z95 / birthday)
                                               :ARG4 (z96 / out))
                                     :op2 (z97 / buy-01
                                               :ARG0 z65
                                               :ARG1 (z98 / product)))))
    :snt6 (z99 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z100 / possible-01
                           :polarity -
                           :ARG1 (z101 / obligate-01
                                       :polarity -
                                       :ARG1 (z1000 / choose-01
                                                    :ARG1 (z1001 / product)
                                                    :manner (z1002 / way
                                                                   :ARG1-of (z1003 / urge-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z1004 / activist
                                                                                :mod (z1005 / this)))))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ urge-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ activist(z3) ∧ :purpose(z3, z4) ∧ right-05(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ human(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z6) ∧ consume-01(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z8) ∧ realize-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z6) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ practice-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ person(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z10) ∧ manufacture-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z12) ∧ labor-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z9) ∧ employ-02(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z10) ∧ :location(z13, z14) ∧ nation(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ develop-02(z15) ∧ :mod(z14, z16) ∧ especially(z16) ∧ :op2(z1, z17) ∧ say-01(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ :condition(z18, z27) ∧ accept-01(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ responsible-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ impact-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ person(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z30) ∧ work-01(z31) ∧ :mod(z30, z32) ∧ world(z32) ∧ :ord(z32, z33) ∧ ordinal-entity(z33) ∧ :value(z33, 3) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z28) ∧ moral-02(z34) ∧ obligate-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ we(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z20) ∧ buy-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ product(z21) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z22) ∧ company(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z22) ∧ manufacture-01(z23) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z24, z22) ∧ take-advantage-02(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ person(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z25) ∧ work-01(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z22)) ∧ :op3(z1, z35) ∧ say-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ obligate-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z19) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z37) ∧ buy-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ product(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z39) ∧ company(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z39) ∧ manufacture-01(z40) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z41, z39) ∧ take-advantage-02(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ person(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z42) ∧ work-01(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z39)) ∧ :op4(z1, z44) ∧ have-concession-91(z44) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ possible-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ determine-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ company(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z47) ∧ manufacture-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z47) ∧ employ-02(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ practice-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ labor-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z50) ∧ fair-01(z52) ∧ :mod(z45, z53) ∧ near(z53)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z54) ∧ cause-01(z54) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z54, z55) ∧ possible-01(z55) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ obligate-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ choose-01(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ product(z58) ∧ :manner(z57, z59) ∧ way(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z59) ∧ urge-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ activist(z61) ∧ :mod(z61, z62) ∧ this(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z56) ∧ moral-02(z63)) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z64) ∧ cause-01(z64)) ∧ :snt3(z54, z65) ∧ cause-01(z65) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z65, z66) ∧ possible-01(z66) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ possible-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ choose-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ product(z69) ∧ :manner(z68, z70) ∧ way(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z70) ∧ urge-01(z71) ∧ :ARG0(z71, z72) ∧ activist(z72) ∧ :mod(z72, z73) ∧ this(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z68) ∧ moral-02(z74))) ∧ :snt4(z54, z75) ∧ contrast-01(z75) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z75, z76) ∧ possible-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ determine-01(z77) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z78) ∧ company(z78) ∧ :ARG0(z79, z78) ∧ manufacture-01(z79) ∧ :ARG0(z80, z78) ∧ employ-02(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z81) ∧ practice-01(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z82) ∧ labor-01(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z81) ∧ fair-01(z83) ∧ :location(z77, z84) ∧ nation(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z84) ∧ develop-02(z85)) ∧ :snt5(z54, z86) ∧ say-01(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z87) ∧ person(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z88, z87) ∧ have-org-role-91(z88) ∧ :ARG2(z88, z89) ∧ activist(z89) ∧ :purpose(z89, z90) ∧ right-05(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z91) ∧ human(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z92) ∧ obligate-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ and(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, z94) ∧ go-01(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z95) ∧ birthday(z95) ∧ :ARG4(z94, z96) ∧ out(z96) ∧ :op2(z93, z97) ∧ buy-01(z97) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z65) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z98) ∧ product(z98) ∧ :snt6(z0, z99) ∧ cause-01(z99) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z99, z100) ∧ possible-01(z100) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z100, z101) ∧ obligate-01(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z1000) ∧ choose-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z1001) ∧ product(z1001) ∧ :manner(z1000, z1002) ∧ way(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1002) ∧ urge-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG0(z1003, z1004) ∧ activist(z1004) ∧ :mod(z1004, z1005) ∧ this(z1005)))


The traditional view is that taking vitamin C supplements every day can effectively prevent colds. However, a new study has found that this method has no obvious effect on most people.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- People who exercise for a long time have fewer colds in a year than those who take vitamin C supplements, and they heal faster
- Generally speaking, most people catch a cold on average 2 ~ 4 times a year. Those who take vitamin C supplements are as likely to catch a cold as those who don't
- Vitamin C supplementation can reduce the duration of cold in adults by 8% and children by 13.6%
- People who are often exposed to cold weather can reduce the risk of catching a cold by a quarter if they take vitamin C supplements every day

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / view-02
              :ARG1 (z2 / possible-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / prevent-01
                                  :ARG0 (z4 / take-01
                                            :ARG1 (z5 / supplement
                                                      :mod (z6 / small-molecule
                                                               :wiki "Vitamin_C"
                                                               :name (z7 / name
                                                                         :op1 "vitamin"
                                                                         :op2 "C")))
                                            :frequency (z8 / rate-entity-91
                                                           :ARG3 (z9 / temporal-quantity
                                                                     :quant 1
                                                                     :unit (z10 / day))))
                                  :ARG1 (z11 / cold-01)
                                  :ARG1-of (z12 / effective-04)))
              :mod (z13 / tradition))
    :snt2 (z14 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z15 / find-01
                          :ARG0 (z16 / study-01
                                     :ARG1-of (z17 / new-01))
                          :ARG1 (z18 / affect-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 (z19 / method
                                                :mod (z20 / this))
                                     :ARG1 (z21 / person
                                                :mod (z22 / most))
                                     :ARG1-of (z23 / obvious-01))))
    :snt3 (z24 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z25 / prevent-01
                          :ARG0 (z26 / take-01
                                     :ARG1 (z27 / supplement
                                                :mod (z28 / small-molecule
                                                          :wiki "Vitamin_C"
                                                          :name (z29 / name
                                                                     :op1 "vitamin"
                                                                     :op2 "C")))
                                     :frequency (z30 / rate-entity-91
                                                     :ARG3 (z31 / temporal-quantity
                                                                :quant 1
                                                                :unit (z32 / day))))
                          :ARG1 (z33 / cold-01)
                          :ARG1-of (z34 / effective-04)))
    :snt4 (z35 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z36 / find-02
                          :ARG0 (z37 / study
                                     :ARG1-of (z38 / new-01))
                          :ARG1 (z39 / affect-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 (z40 / method
                                                :mod (z41 / this))
                                     :ARG1 (z42 / person
                                                :mod (z43 / most))
                                     :ARG1-of (z44 / obvious-01)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ view-02(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ possible-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ prevent-01(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z4) ∧ take-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ supplement(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ small-molecule(z6) ∧ :wiki(z6, "Vitamin_C") ∧ :name(z6, z7) ∧ name(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, "vitamin") ∧ :op2(z7, "C") ∧ :frequency(z4, z8) ∧ rate-entity-91(z8) ∧ :ARG3(z8, z9) ∧ temporal-quantity(z9) ∧ :quant(z9, 1) ∧ :unit(z9, z10) ∧ day(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z11) ∧ cold-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z3) ∧ effective-04(z12) ∧ :mod(z1, z13) ∧ tradition(z13) ∧ :snt2(z0, z14) ∧ contrast-01(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ find-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ study-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z16) ∧ new-01(z17) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z15, z18) ∧ affect-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ method(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ this(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z21) ∧ person(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ most(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z18) ∧ obvious-01(z23)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z24) ∧ possible-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ prevent-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ take-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ supplement(z27) ∧ :mod(z27, z28) ∧ small-molecule(z28) ∧ :wiki(z28, "Vitamin_C") ∧ :name(z28, z29) ∧ name(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, "vitamin") ∧ :op2(z29, "C") ∧ :frequency(z26, z30) ∧ rate-entity-91(z30) ∧ :ARG3(z30, z31) ∧ temporal-quantity(z31) ∧ :quant(z31, 1) ∧ :unit(z31, z32) ∧ day(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z33) ∧ cold-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z25) ∧ effective-04(z34) ∧ :snt4(z0, z35) ∧ contrast-01(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z36) ∧ find-02(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z37) ∧ study(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ new-01(z38) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z36, z39) ∧ affect-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z40) ∧ method(z40) ∧ :mod(z40, z41) ∧ this(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z42) ∧ person(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ most(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z39) ∧ obvious-01(z44))


The cocktail party effect is that at a cocktail party, many people are having various conversations at the same time, but a person can only pay attention to and participate in one of the conversations at the same time, it is a matter of attention distribution. Due to the limited psychological resources, information can only be filtered  at the same time, with the most important or interesting information as the object of attention. As a selection filter, attention acts like a knob on the radio, blocking most unwanted information and holding on to what is needed to get it into consciousness.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following is not a cocktail party effect?

Choices:
- The audience in the lecture paid attention to the Thunder and lightning outside.
- He switched from one topic to another at the birthday party and talked eloquently.
- Few people have noticed the cameo appearance of Stephen Chow in the 83 The Legend of the Condor Heroes.
- The wedding guests turned their eyes to the bride and groom.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / affect-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / party-01
                        :mod (z3 / cocktail))
              :ARG2 (z4 / contrast-01
                        :ARG1 (z5 / have-03
                                  :ARG0 (z6 / person
                                            :quant (z7 / many))
                                  :ARG1 (z8 / converse-01
                                            :mod (z9 / various))
                                  :time (z10 / time
                                             :ARG1-of (z11 / same-01)))
                        :ARG2 (z12 / possible-01
                                   :ARG1 (z13 / and
                                              :op1 (z14 / attend-02
                                                        :ARG0 (z15 / person)
                                                        :ARG1 (z16 / converse-01
                                                                   :quant 1
                                                                   :ARG1-of (z17 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 z8)))
                                              :op2 (z18 / participate-01
                                                        :ARG0 z15
                                                        :ARG1 z16)
                                              :mod (z19 / only)
                                              :time z10)))
              :snt2 (z20 / matter
                         :topic (z21 / distribute-01
                                     :ARG1 (z22 / attend-02))
                         :domain (z23 / it))
              :snt3 (z24 / possible-01
                         :ARG1 (z25 / filter-02
                                    :ARG1 (z26 / information)
                                    :ARG1-of (z27 / cause-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z28 / resource
                                                             :mod (z29 / psychological)
                                                             :ARG1-of (z30 / limit-01)))
                                    :time (z31 / same-01)
                                    :prep-with (z32 / information
                                                    :ARG1-of (z33 / have-degree-91
                                                                  :ARG2 (z34 / or
                                                                             :op1 (z35 / important-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z32)
                                                                             :op2 (z36 / interest-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z32))
                                                                  :ARG3 (z37 / most))
                                                    :prep-as (z38 / object
                                                                  :ARG1-of (z39 / attend-02)))
                                    :prep-as (z40 / filter-02
                                                  :ARG1 (z41 / select-01))
                                    :prep-as (z42 / act-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z43 / attend-02)
                                                  :ARG1-of (z44 / resemble-01
                                                                :ARG2 (z45 / knob
                                                                           :location (z46 / radio)))
                                                  :manner (z47 / and
                                                               :op1 (z48 / block-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z43
                                                                         :ARG1 (z49 / information
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z50 / want-01
                                                                                :polarity -)
                                                                                :quant (z51 / most)))
                                                               :op2 (z52 / hold-on-06
                                                                         :ARG0 z43
                                                                         :ARG1 (z53 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z54 / need-01
                                                                                :purpose (z55 / get-05
                                                                                :ARG0 z43
                                                                                :ARG1 z49
                                                                                :ARG2 (z56 / consciousness))))))
                                                  :prep-as (z57 / thing
                                                                :ARG2-of (z58 / filter-02
                                                                              :ARG1 (z59 / select-01))))
                                    :prep-as (z60 / act-01
                                                  :ARG0 z43
                                                  :ARG1 (z61 / thing
                                                             :ARG2-of (z62 / knob
                                                                           :location (z63 / radio))))))
              :snt4 (z64 / have-concession-91
                         :ARG1 (z65 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z66 / and
                                               :op1 (z67 / attend-02
                                                         :ARG0 (z68 / person)
                                                         :ARG1 (z69 / converse-01
                                                                    :quant 1
                                                                    :ARG1-of (z70 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z71 / converse-01)))
                                                         :time (z72 / time
                                                                    :ARG1-of (z73 / same-01)))
                                               :op2 (z74 / participate-01
                                                         :ARG0 z68
                                                         :ARG1 (z75 / converse-01
                                                                    :quant 1
                                                                    :ARG1-of (z76 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z77 / converse-01)))))
                                    :ARG2 (z78 / possible-01
                                               :ARG1 (z79 / filter-02
                                                          :ARG1 (z80 / information)
                                                          :time (z81 / time
                                                                     :ARG1-of (z82 / same-01))
                                                          :ARG1-of (z83 / cause-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z84 / limit-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z85 / resource
                                                                                :mod (z86 / psychology)))))))
                         :snt5 (z87 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 (z88 / attend-02)
                                    :ARG4 (z89 / birthday)
                                    :time (z90 / time
                                               :ARG1-of (z91 / same-01)))
                         :snt6 (z92 / be-temporally-at-91
                                    :ARG1 (z93 / converse-01
                                               :quant 1
                                               :ARG1-of (z94 / include-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z95 / converse-01)))
                                    :ARG2 (z96 / time
                                               :ARG1-of (z97 / same-01)))
                         :snt7 (z98 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 (z99 / converse-01
                                               :quant 1
                                               :ARG1-of (z100 / include-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z101 / converse-01))))
                         :snt8 (z102 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z103 / filter-02
                                                 :ARG1 (z104 / information)
                                                 :time (z105 / time
                                                             :ARG1-of (z106 / same-01))
                                                 :prep-with (z1000 / object
                                                                   :ARG1-of (z1001 / attend-02)
                                                                   :domain (z1002 / object
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1003 / attract-01)))))
                         :snt9 (z1004 / and
                                      :op1 (z1005 / block-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z1006 / attend-02)
                                                  :ARG1 (z1007 / information
                                                               :ARG1-of (z1008 / have-degree-91
                                                                               :ARG2 (z1009 / important-01)
                                                                               :ARG3 (z1010 / most)))
                                                  :prep-as (z1011 / object
                                                                  :ARG1-of (z1012 / attend-02)))
                                      :snt10 (z107 / hold-on-05
                                                   :ARG1 (z1013 / information
                                                                :ARG1-of (z1014 / need-01
                                                                                :purpose (z1015 / get-05
                                                                                :ARG1 z1013
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1016 / consciousness)))))
                                      :snt11 (z1017 / and
                                                    :op1 (z1018 / block-01
                                                                :ARG0 (z1019 / attend-02)
                                                                :ARG1 (z1020 / information
                                                                             :ARG1-of (z1021 / want-01
                                                                                :polarity -)))
                                                    :prep-as (z1022 / information
                                                                    :ARG1-of (z1023 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1024 / need-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z1016)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1025 / most))))
                                      :snt13 (z1026 / and
                                                    :op1 (z1027 / possible-01
                                                                :ARG1 (z1028 / and
                                                                             :op1 (z1029 / attend-02)
                                                                             :op2 (z108 / attend-02))
                                                                :prep-inventive (z1030 / hold-on-05
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1031 / information))
                                                                :prep-in (z1032 / party)))))
              :snt14 (z1033 / and
                            :op1 (z1034 / possible-01
                                        :ARG1 (z1035 / and
                                                     :op1 (z1036 / attend-02)
                                                     :op2 (z1037 / attend-02))
                                        :op2 (z1038 / participate-01
                                                    :ARG0 (z1039 / participate-01
                                                                 :ARG1 (z1040 / converse-01)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ affect-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ party-01(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ cocktail(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ contrast-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ have-03(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :quant(z6, z7) ∧ many(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z8) ∧ converse-01(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ various(z9) ∧ :time(z5, z10) ∧ time(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ same-01(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z12) ∧ possible-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ and(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, z14) ∧ attend-02(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z15) ∧ person(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z16) ∧ converse-01(z16) ∧ :quant(z16, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z16) ∧ include-91(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z8) ∧ :op2(z13, z18) ∧ participate-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z15) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z16) ∧ :mod(z13, z19) ∧ only(z19) ∧ :time(z13, z10) ∧ :snt2(z1, z20) ∧ matter(z20) ∧ :topic(z20, z21) ∧ distribute-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ attend-02(z22) ∧ :domain(z20, z23) ∧ it(z23) ∧ :snt3(z1, z24) ∧ possible-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ filter-02(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ information(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z25) ∧ cause-01(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z28) ∧ resource(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ psychological(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z28) ∧ limit-01(z30) ∧ :time(z25, z31) ∧ same-01(z31) ∧ :prep-with(z25, z32) ∧ information(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z32) ∧ have-degree-91(z33) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ or(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, z35) ∧ important-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z32) ∧ :op2(z34, z36) ∧ interest-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z32) ∧ :ARG3(z33, z37) ∧ most(z37) ∧ :prep-as(z32, z38) ∧ object(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z38) ∧ attend-02(z39) ∧ :prep-as(z25, z40) ∧ filter-02(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ select-01(z41) ∧ :prep-as(z25, z42) ∧ act-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ attend-02(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z42) ∧ resemble-01(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z45) ∧ knob(z45) ∧ :location(z45, z46) ∧ radio(z46) ∧ :manner(z42, z47) ∧ and(z47) ∧ :op1(z47, z48) ∧ block-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z43) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ information(z49) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z50, z49) ∧ want-01(z50)) ∧ :quant(z49, z51) ∧ most(z51) ∧ :op2(z47, z52) ∧ hold-on-06(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z43) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ thing(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z53) ∧ need-01(z54) ∧ :purpose(z54, z55) ∧ get-05(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z43) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z49) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z56) ∧ consciousness(z56) ∧ :prep-as(z42, z57) ∧ thing(z57) ∧ :ARG2(z58, z57) ∧ filter-02(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ select-01(z59) ∧ :prep-as(z25, z60) ∧ act-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z43) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ thing(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z62, z61) ∧ knob(z62) ∧ :location(z62, z63) ∧ radio(z63) ∧ :snt4(z1, z64) ∧ have-concession-91(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ possible-01(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ and(z66) ∧ :op1(z66, z67) ∧ attend-02(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z68) ∧ person(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z69) ∧ converse-01(z69) ∧ :quant(z69, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z69) ∧ include-91(z70) ∧ :ARG2(z70, z71) ∧ converse-01(z71) ∧ :time(z67, z72) ∧ time(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z72) ∧ same-01(z73) ∧ :op2(z66, z74) ∧ participate-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z68) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z75) ∧ converse-01(z75) ∧ :quant(z75, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z75) ∧ include-91(z76) ∧ :ARG2(z76, z77) ∧ converse-01(z77) ∧ :ARG2(z65, z78) ∧ possible-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ filter-02(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ information(z80) ∧ :time(z79, z81) ∧ time(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z81) ∧ same-01(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z79) ∧ cause-01(z83) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z84) ∧ limit-01(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ resource(z85) ∧ :mod(z85, z86) ∧ psychology(z86) ∧ :snt5(z64, z87) ∧ go-01(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ attend-02(z88) ∧ :ARG4(z87, z89) ∧ birthday(z89) ∧ :time(z87, z90) ∧ time(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z90) ∧ same-01(z91) ∧ :snt6(z64, z92) ∧ be-temporally-at-91(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ converse-01(z93) ∧ :quant(z93, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z93) ∧ include-91(z94) ∧ :ARG2(z94, z95) ∧ converse-01(z95) ∧ :ARG2(z92, z96) ∧ time(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z96) ∧ same-01(z97) ∧ :snt7(z64, z98) ∧ go-01(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z99) ∧ converse-01(z99) ∧ :quant(z99, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z99) ∧ include-91(z100) ∧ :ARG2(z100, z101) ∧ converse-01(z101) ∧ :snt8(z64, z102) ∧ possible-01(z102) ∧ :ARG1(z102, z103) ∧ filter-02(z103) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z104) ∧ information(z104) ∧ :time(z103, z105) ∧ time(z105) ∧ :ARG1(z106, z105) ∧ same-01(z106) ∧ :prep-with(z103, z1000) ∧ object(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1000) ∧ attend-02(z1001) ∧ :domain(z1000, z1002) ∧ object(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1002) ∧ attract-01(z1003) ∧ :snt9(z64, z1004) ∧ and(z1004) ∧ :op1(z1004, z1005) ∧ block-01(z1005) ∧ :ARG0(z1005, z1006) ∧ attend-02(z1006) ∧ :ARG1(z1005, z1007) ∧ information(z1007) ∧ :ARG1(z1008, z1007) ∧ have-degree-91(z1008) ∧ :ARG2(z1008, z1009) ∧ important-01(z1009) ∧ :ARG3(z1008, z1010) ∧ most(z1010) ∧ :prep-as(z1005, z1011) ∧ object(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1011) ∧ attend-02(z1012) ∧ :snt10(z1004, z107) ∧ hold-on-05(z107) ∧ :ARG1(z107, z1013) ∧ information(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1013) ∧ need-01(z1014) ∧ :purpose(z1014, z1015) ∧ get-05(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1013) ∧ :ARG2(z1015, z1016) ∧ consciousness(z1016) ∧ :snt11(z1004, z1017) ∧ and(z1017) ∧ :op1(z1017, z1018) ∧ block-01(z1018) ∧ :ARG0(z1018, z1019) ∧ attend-02(z1019) ∧ :ARG1(z1018, z1020) ∧ information(z1020) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1021, z1020) ∧ want-01(z1021)) ∧ :prep-as(z1017, z1022) ∧ information(z1022) ∧ :ARG1(z1023, z1022) ∧ have-degree-91(z1023) ∧ :ARG2(z1023, z1024) ∧ need-01(z1024) ∧ :ARG1(z1024, z1016) ∧ :ARG3(z1023, z1025) ∧ most(z1025) ∧ :snt13(z1004, z1026) ∧ and(z1026) ∧ :op1(z1026, z1027) ∧ possible-01(z1027) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1028) ∧ and(z1028) ∧ :op1(z1028, z1029) ∧ attend-02(z1029) ∧ :op2(z1028, z108) ∧ attend-02(z108) ∧ :prep-inventive(z1027, z1030) ∧ hold-on-05(z1030) ∧ :ARG1(z1030, z1031) ∧ information(z1031) ∧ :prep-in(z1027, z1032) ∧ party(z1032) ∧ :snt14(z1, z1033) ∧ and(z1033) ∧ :op1(z1033, z1034) ∧ possible-01(z1034) ∧ :ARG1(z1034, z1035) ∧ and(z1035) ∧ :op1(z1035, z1036) ∧ attend-02(z1036) ∧ :op2(z1035, z1037) ∧ attend-02(z1037) ∧ :op2(z1034, z1038) ∧ participate-01(z1038) ∧ :ARG0(z1038, z1039) ∧ participate-01(z1039) ∧ :ARG1(z1039, z1040) ∧ converse-01(z1040)


Ripple effect refers to the different psychological states of people in different areas in an emergency. The closer they are to the center of the crisis, the higher their risk perception and negative emotions will be.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following qualifies as a ripple effect?

Choices:
- The air outside the typhoon rotates violently, while the wind flow in the center is relatively weak. Therefore, the negative emotions of victims are gradually increased from the eye of the storm area
- The risk perception, mental health level and coping behavior of the people in the severely affected areas were significantly higher than those in the non-severely affected areas
- The closer people are to waste incineration plants and nuclear reactors, the higher their risk perception and the stronger their anxiety
- The less time it takes for a pandemic to break out, the greater the level of anxiety and panic

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / effect
                        :wiki "Ripple_effect"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Ripple"
                                  :op2 "Effect"))
              :ARG2 (z4 / state
                        :mod (z5 / psychological)
                        :ARG1-of (z6 / differ-02)
                        :poss (z7 / person
                                  :location (z8 / area
                                                :ARG1-of z6))
                        :time (z9 / emergency)))
    :snt2 (z10 / correlate-91
               :ARG1 (z11 / more
                          :ARG3-of (z12 / have-degree-91
                                        :ARG1 (z13 / close-10
                                                   :ARG1 (z14 / they)
                                                   :ARG2 (z15 / center
                                                              :mod (z16 / crisis)))
                                        :ARG2 (z17 / close-10
                                                   :ARG1 z14
                                                   :ARG2 z15)))
               :ARG2 (z18 / more
                          :ARG3-of (z19 / have-degree-91
                                        :ARG1 (z20 / and
                                                   :op1 (z21 / perceive-01
                                                             :ARG0 z14
                                                             :ARG1 (z22 / risk-01
                                                                        :ARG0 z14))
                                                   :op2 (z23 / emotion
                                                             :ARG0-of (z24 / negative-02)))
                                        :ARG2 (z25 / high-02
                                                   :ARG1 z20))))
    :snt3 (z26 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z27 / close-10
                          :ARG1 z14
                          :ARG2 (z28 / center
                                     :mod (z29 / crisis))
                          :ARG2-of (z30 / have-degree-91
                                        :ARG1 z14
                                        :ARG3 (z31 / more)))
               :ARG1 (z32 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z33 / and
                                     :op1 (z34 / perceive-01
                                               :ARG0 z14
                                               :ARG1 (z35 / risk-01
                                                          :ARG0 z14))
                                     :op2 (z36 / emotion
                                               :ARG0-of (z37 / negative-02)))
                          :ARG2 (z38 / high-02
                                     :ARG1 z33)
                          :ARG3 (z39 / more)))
    :snt1 (z40 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / emergency)
               :direction (z42 / out)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ effect(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Ripple_effect") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Ripple") ∧ :op2(z3, "Effect") ∧ :ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ state(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ psychological(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z4) ∧ differ-02(z6) ∧ :poss(z4, z7) ∧ person(z7) ∧ :location(z7, z8) ∧ area(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z8) ∧ :time(z4, z9) ∧ emergency(z9) ∧ :snt2(z0, z10) ∧ correlate-91(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ more(z11) ∧ :ARG3(z12, z11) ∧ have-degree-91(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ close-10(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ they(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z15) ∧ center(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ crisis(z16) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z17) ∧ close-10(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z14) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z15) ∧ :ARG2(z10, z18) ∧ more(z18) ∧ :ARG3(z19, z18) ∧ have-degree-91(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ and(z20) ∧ :op1(z20, z21) ∧ perceive-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z14) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ risk-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z14) ∧ :op2(z20, z23) ∧ emotion(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z23) ∧ negative-02(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z25) ∧ high-02(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z20) ∧ :snt3(z0, z26) ∧ cause-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z27) ∧ close-10(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z14) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z28) ∧ center(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ crisis(z29) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z27) ∧ have-degree-91(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z14) ∧ :ARG3(z30, z31) ∧ more(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z32) ∧ have-degree-91(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ and(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, z34) ∧ perceive-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z14) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ risk-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z14) ∧ :op2(z33, z36) ∧ emotion(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z36) ∧ negative-02(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z38) ∧ high-02(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z33) ∧ :ARG3(z32, z39) ∧ more(z39) ∧ :snt1(z0, z40) ∧ go-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ emergency(z41) ∧ :direction(z40, z42) ∧ out(z42)


A person from the human resources management department of a company pointed out: due to the limited recruitment positions in our company, it is impossible for all candidates to be hired in this recruitment examination.

Question: Which of the following can lead to the above conclusion of the person?

Choices:
- In this recruitment examination, some candidates may be hired
- In this recruitment examination, there may be candidates who will not be hired
- In this recruitment examination, there are bound to be candidates who will not be hired
- In this recruitment examination, there must be candidates to be hired

(z0 / point-out-02
    :ARG0 (z1 / person
              :ARG0-of (z2 / have-org-role-91
                           :ARG1 (z3 / department
                                     :ARG0-of (z4 / manage-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z5 / resource
                                                            :mod (z6 / human)))
                                     :part-of (z7 / company))))
    :ARG1 (z8 / possible-01
              :polarity -
              :ARG1 (z9 / hire-01
                        :ARG1 (z10 / candidate
                                   :mod (z11 / all))
                        :ARG2 (z12 / examine-01
                                   :ARG1 (z13 / recruit-01)
                                   :mod (z14 / this)))
              :ARG1-of (z15 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z16 / position
                                       :topic z13
                                       :ARG1-of (z17 / limit-01)
                                       :location (z18 / company
                                                      :poss z7)))
              :ARG1-of (z19 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z20 / position
                                       :topic z13
                                       :ARG1-of z17))))

point-out-02(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ person(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z1) ∧ have-org-role-91(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ department(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ manage-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ resource(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ human(z6) ∧ :part(z7, z3) ∧ company(z7) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z0, z8) ∧ possible-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ hire-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ candidate(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ all(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z12) ∧ examine-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ recruit-01(z13) ∧ :mod(z12, z14) ∧ this(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z8) ∧ cause-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ position(z16) ∧ :topic(z16, z13) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z16) ∧ limit-01(z17) ∧ :location(z16, z18) ∧ company(z18) ∧ :poss(z18, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z8) ∧ cause-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ position(z20) ∧ :topic(z20, z13) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z20))


Even the most diligent people in the world cannot finish reading all the books in the world.

Question: Which of the followings is a logical inference from the above statement?

Choices:
- The most diligent person in the world cannot read all the books in the world.
- The most diligent people in the world may not be able to read all the books in the world.
- The most diligent person in the world may read all the books in the world.
- People who read all the books in the world must be the most diligent people in the world.

(z0 / possible-01
    :polarity -
    :ARG1 (z1 / finish-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :mod (z3 / even)
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / have-degree-91
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / diligent)
                                     :ARG3 (z6 / most)
                                     :ARG5 (z7 / person
                                               :location (z8 / world))))
              :ARG1 (z9 / read-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1 (z10 / book
                                   :mod (z11 / all)
                                   :location z8)))
    :ARG1-of (z12 / say-01
                  :ARG0 (z13 / i)))

¬(possible-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ finish-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ even(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z2) ∧ have-degree-91(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ diligent(z5) ∧ :ARG3(z4, z6) ∧ most(z6) ∧ :ARG5(z4, z7) ∧ person(z7) ∧ :location(z7, z8) ∧ world(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z9) ∧ read-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ book(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ all(z11) ∧ :location(z10, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z0) ∧ say-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ i(z13))


In previous foreign communication and exchanges, our diplomats often encountered such a situation: foreigners were deterred by China's broad and profound and complex cultural history. Even we cannot describe this profound change of ancient civilization precisely. Our strategic frameworks and slogans such as peaceful rise and harmonious World focus more on foreign strategic decision-makers. Instead of aiming at those ordinary foreign people who do not know much about China, by the standards of modern image management, our advertising words and symbols are not very close to the masses, and in terms of visual touch and emotional imagination, it always makes people feel a little flawed.

Question: Which of the following is the core issue discussed in this passage?

Choices:
- The difficulties encountered by diplomats in foreign exchanges
- The difficulties that the ancient civilization needs to break through to the world
- Misunderstandings in China's foreign communication
- The objective gap between Chinese and Western cultures

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / encounter-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / we)
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / diplomat)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / situation
                        :mod (z7 / such)
                        :ARG1-of (z8 / mean-01
                                     :ARG2 (z9 / deter-01
                                               :ARG0 (z10 / history
                                                          :mod (z11 / culture)
                                                          :poss (z12 / country
                                                                     :wiki "China"
                                                                     :name (z13 / name
                                                                                :op1 "China"))
                                                          :mod (z14 / broad)
                                                          :mod (z15 / profound)
                                                          :mod (z16 / complex))
                                               :ARG1 (z17 / person
                                                          :mod (z18 / foreign)))))
              :time (z19 / and
                         :op1 (z20 / communicate-01
                                   :ARG0 z4
                                   :mod (z21 / foreign))
                         :op2 (z22 / exchange-01
                                   :ARG0 z4
                                   :mod z21)
                         :time (z23 / previous))
              :time (z24 / and
                         :op1 (z25 / communicate-01
                                   :ARG0 z4
                                   :mod z21)
                         :op2 (z26 / exchange-01
                                   :ARG0 z4
                                   :mod z21))
              :frequency (z27 / often))
    :snt2 (z28 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z29 / describe-01
                          :ARG0 (z30 / we
                                     :mod (z31 / even))
                          :ARG1 (z32 / change-01
                                     :ARG1 (z33 / civilization
                                                :mod (z34 / ancient))
                                     :mod (z35 / profound)
                                     :mod (z36 / this))
                          :manner (z37 / precise)))
    :snt3 (z38 / focus-01
               :ARG0 (z39 / and
                          :op1 (z40 / framework
                                    :mod (z41 / strategy)
                                    :poss (z42 / we))
                          :op2 (z43 / slogan
                                    :mod z41
                                    :example (z44 / and
                                                  :op1 (z45 / rise-01
                                                            :manner (z46 / peaceful))
                                                  :op2 (z47 / world
                                                            :ARG1-of (z48 / harmony)))))
               :ARG2 (z49 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z50 / decide-01
                                        :mod (z51 / strategic))
                          :mod (z52 / foreign))
               :ARG1-of (z53 / have-quant-91
                             :ARG3 (z54 / more)))
    :snt4 (z55 / instead-of-91
               :ARG1 (z56 / close-06
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z57 / and
                                     :op1 (z58 / word)
                                     :op2 (z59 / thing
                                               :ARG1-of (z60 / symbolize-01))
                                     :poss (z61 / we)
                                     :purpose (z62 / advertise-01))
                          :ARG2 (z63 / mass)
                          :degree (z64 / very))
               :ARG2 (z65 / aim-01
                          :ARG0 z52
                          :ARG1 (z66 / person
                                     :mod (z67 / that)
                                     :mod (z68 / ordinary)
                                     :mod (z69 / foreign)
                                     :ARG0-of (z70 / know-01
                                                   :polarity -
                                                   :ARG1 (z71 / much
                                                              :topic (z72 / country
                                                                          :wiki "China"
                                                                          :name (z73 / name
                                                                                :op1 "China")))))
                          :ARG1-of (z74 / standard-02
                                        :ARG2 (z75 / manage-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z76 / image)
                                                   :mod (z77 / modern)))))
    :snt5 (z78 / and
               :op1 (z79 / close-10
                         :polarity -
                         :ARG1 (z80 / and
                                    :op1 (z81 / word)
                                    :op2 (z82 / symbol)
                                    :poss z52
                                    :purpose (z83 / advertise-01))
                         :ARG2 (z84 / mass)
                         :degree (z85 / very))
               :op2 (z86 / make-02
                         :ARG0 z36
                         :ARG1 (z87 / feel-01
                                    :ARG0 (z88 / person)
                                    :ARG1 (z89 / flaw-01
                                               :ARG1 z67
                                               :degree (z90 / little)))
                         :time (z91 / always)
                         :topic (z92 / and
                                     :op1 (z93 / touch
                                               :mod (z94 / visual))
                                     :op2 (z95 / imagine-01
                                               :mod (z96 / emotion)))
                         :prep-in (z97 / term
                                       :topic (z98 / and
                                                   :op1 (z1000 / touch
                                                               :mod (z1001 / visual))
                                                   :op2 (z1002 / imagine-01
                                                               :mod (z1003 / emotion)))))
               :prep-in (z1004 / term
                               :mod (z1005 / always)))
    :snt6 (z1006 / possible-01
                 :polarity -
                 :ARG1 (z1007 / describe-01
                              :ARG0 (z1008 / we)
                              :ARG1 (z1009 / change-01
                                           :ARG1 (z1010 / civilization
                                                        :mod (z1011 / ancient))
                                           :mod (z1012 / profound)
                                           :mod (z1013 / this))
                              :manner (z1014 / precise)))
    :snt7 (z1015 / possible-01
                 :polarity -
                 :ARG1 (z1016 / describe-01
                              :ARG0 (z1017 / person
                                           :ARG0-of (z1018 / have-org-role-91
                                                           :ARG2 (z1019 / diplomat)))))
    :snt8 (z1020 / encounter-01
                 :ARG0 (z1021 / person
                              :ARG0-of (z1022 / have-org-role-91
                                              :ARG2 (z1023 / diplomat)))
                 :ARG1 (z1024 / situation
                              :mod (z1025 / such))
                 :time (z1026 / often)
                 :prep-in (z1027 / and
                                 :op1 (z1028 / communicate-01
                                             :ARG0 (z1029 / diplomat
                                                          :poss z4)
                                             :mod (z1030 / foreign)
                                             :time (z1031 / previous))
                                 :op2 (z1032 / exchange-01
                                             :ARG0 z1029
                                             :mod z1030))
                 :prep-in (z1033 / and
                                 :op1 (z1034 / communicate-01
                                             :ARG0 z1029
                                             :ARG1 (z1035 / foreign))
                                 :op2 (z1036 / exchange-01
                                             :ARG0 z1029
                                             :ARG1 z1035)
                                 :time (z1037 / previous)))
    :prep-in (z1038 / situation
                    :mod (z1039 / determine-01
                                :ARG0 (z1040 / history
                                             :mod (z1041 / culture)
                                             :poss z12
                                             :mod (z1042 / profound)
                                             :ARG1-of (z1043 / broad-02)
                                             :ARG1-of (z1044 / profound))))
    :prep-by (z1045 / determine-01
                    :ARG1 (z1046 / person
                                 :mod (z1047 / foreign))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ encounter-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ have-org-role-91(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ we(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z5) ∧ diplomat(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ situation(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ such(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z6) ∧ mean-01(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z8, z9) ∧ deter-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ history(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ culture(z11) ∧ :poss(z10, z12) ∧ country(z12) ∧ :wiki(z12, "China") ∧ :name(z12, z13) ∧ name(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, "China") ∧ :mod(z10, z14) ∧ broad(z14) ∧ :mod(z10, z15) ∧ profound(z15) ∧ :mod(z10, z16) ∧ complex(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ foreign(z18) ∧ :time(z1, z19) ∧ and(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ communicate-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z4) ∧ :mod(z20, z21) ∧ foreign(z21) ∧ :op2(z19, z22) ∧ exchange-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z4) ∧ :mod(z22, z21) ∧ :time(z19, z23) ∧ previous(z23) ∧ :time(z1, z24) ∧ and(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z25) ∧ communicate-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z4) ∧ :mod(z25, z21) ∧ :op2(z24, z26) ∧ exchange-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z4) ∧ :mod(z26, z21) ∧ :frequency(z1, z27) ∧ often(z27) ∧ ¬(:snt2(z0, z28) ∧ possible-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ describe-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ we(z30) ∧ :mod(z30, z31) ∧ even(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z32) ∧ change-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ civilization(z33) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ ancient(z34) ∧ :mod(z32, z35) ∧ profound(z35) ∧ :mod(z32, z36) ∧ this(z36) ∧ :manner(z29, z37) ∧ precise(z37)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z38) ∧ focus-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ and(z39) ∧ :op1(z39, z40) ∧ framework(z40) ∧ :mod(z40, z41) ∧ strategy(z41) ∧ :poss(z40, z42) ∧ we(z42) ∧ :op2(z39, z43) ∧ slogan(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z41) ∧ :example(z43, z44) ∧ and(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, z45) ∧ rise-01(z45) ∧ :manner(z45, z46) ∧ peaceful(z46) ∧ :op2(z44, z47) ∧ world(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z47) ∧ harmony(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z49) ∧ person(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z49) ∧ decide-01(z50) ∧ :mod(z50, z51) ∧ strategic(z51) ∧ :mod(z49, z52) ∧ foreign(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z38) ∧ have-quant-91(z53) ∧ :ARG3(z53, z54) ∧ more(z54) ∧ :snt4(z0, z55) ∧ instead-of-91(z55) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ close-06(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ and(z57) ∧ :op1(z57, z58) ∧ word(z58) ∧ :op2(z57, z59) ∧ thing(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z59) ∧ symbolize-01(z60) ∧ :poss(z57, z61) ∧ we(z61) ∧ :purpose(z57, z62) ∧ advertise-01(z62) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z63) ∧ mass(z63) ∧ :degree(z56, z64) ∧ very(z64)) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z65) ∧ aim-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z52) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ person(z66) ∧ :mod(z66, z67) ∧ that(z67) ∧ :mod(z66, z68) ∧ ordinary(z68) ∧ :mod(z66, z69) ∧ foreign(z69) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z70, z66) ∧ know-01(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ much(z71) ∧ :topic(z71, z72) ∧ country(z72) ∧ :wiki(z72, "China") ∧ :name(z72, z73) ∧ name(z73) ∧ :op1(z73, "China")) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z65) ∧ standard-02(z74) ∧ :ARG2(z74, z75) ∧ manage-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ image(z76) ∧ :mod(z75, z77) ∧ modern(z77) ∧ :snt5(z0, z78) ∧ and(z78) ∧ ¬(:op1(z78, z79) ∧ close-10(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ and(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, z81) ∧ word(z81) ∧ :op2(z80, z82) ∧ symbol(z82) ∧ :poss(z80, z52) ∧ :purpose(z80, z83) ∧ advertise-01(z83) ∧ :ARG2(z79, z84) ∧ mass(z84) ∧ :degree(z79, z85) ∧ very(z85)) ∧ :op2(z78, z86) ∧ make-02(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z36) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z87) ∧ feel-01(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z88) ∧ person(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z89) ∧ flaw-01(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z67) ∧ :degree(z89, z90) ∧ little(z90) ∧ :time(z86, z91) ∧ always(z91) ∧ :topic(z86, z92) ∧ and(z92) ∧ :op1(z92, z93) ∧ touch(z93) ∧ :mod(z93, z94) ∧ visual(z94) ∧ :op2(z92, z95) ∧ imagine-01(z95) ∧ :mod(z95, z96) ∧ emotion(z96) ∧ :prep-in(z86, z97) ∧ term(z97) ∧ :topic(z97, z98) ∧ and(z98) ∧ :op1(z98, z1000) ∧ touch(z1000) ∧ :mod(z1000, z1001) ∧ visual(z1001) ∧ :op2(z98, z1002) ∧ imagine-01(z1002) ∧ :mod(z1002, z1003) ∧ emotion(z1003) ∧ :prep-in(z78, z1004) ∧ term(z1004) ∧ :mod(z1004, z1005) ∧ always(z1005) ∧ ¬(:snt6(z0, z1006) ∧ possible-01(z1006) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z1007) ∧ describe-01(z1007) ∧ :ARG0(z1007, z1008) ∧ we(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1009) ∧ change-01(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1010) ∧ civilization(z1010) ∧ :mod(z1010, z1011) ∧ ancient(z1011) ∧ :mod(z1009, z1012) ∧ profound(z1012) ∧ :mod(z1009, z1013) ∧ this(z1013) ∧ :manner(z1007, z1014) ∧ precise(z1014)) ∧ ¬(:snt7(z0, z1015) ∧ possible-01(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1016) ∧ describe-01(z1016) ∧ :ARG0(z1016, z1017) ∧ person(z1017) ∧ :ARG0(z1018, z1017) ∧ have-org-role-91(z1018) ∧ :ARG2(z1018, z1019) ∧ diplomat(z1019)) ∧ :snt8(z0, z1020) ∧ encounter-01(z1020) ∧ :ARG0(z1020, z1021) ∧ person(z1021) ∧ :ARG0(z1022, z1021) ∧ have-org-role-91(z1022) ∧ :ARG2(z1022, z1023) ∧ diplomat(z1023) ∧ :ARG1(z1020, z1024) ∧ situation(z1024) ∧ :mod(z1024, z1025) ∧ such(z1025) ∧ :time(z1020, z1026) ∧ often(z1026) ∧ :prep-in(z1020, z1027) ∧ and(z1027) ∧ :op1(z1027, z1028) ∧ communicate-01(z1028) ∧ :ARG0(z1028, z1029) ∧ diplomat(z1029) ∧ :poss(z1029, z4) ∧ :mod(z1028, z1030) ∧ foreign(z1030) ∧ :time(z1028, z1031) ∧ previous(z1031) ∧ :op2(z1027, z1032) ∧ exchange-01(z1032) ∧ :ARG0(z1032, z1029) ∧ :mod(z1032, z1030) ∧ :prep-in(z1020, z1033) ∧ and(z1033) ∧ :op1(z1033, z1034) ∧ communicate-01(z1034) ∧ :ARG0(z1034, z1029) ∧ :ARG1(z1034, z1035) ∧ foreign(z1035) ∧ :op2(z1033, z1036) ∧ exchange-01(z1036) ∧ :ARG0(z1036, z1029) ∧ :ARG1(z1036, z1035) ∧ :time(z1033, z1037) ∧ previous(z1037) ∧ :prep-in(z0, z1038) ∧ situation(z1038) ∧ :mod(z1038, z1039) ∧ determine-01(z1039) ∧ :ARG0(z1039, z1040) ∧ history(z1040) ∧ :mod(z1040, z1041) ∧ culture(z1041) ∧ :poss(z1040, z12) ∧ :mod(z1040, z1042) ∧ profound(z1042) ∧ :ARG1(z1043, z1040) ∧ broad-02(z1043) ∧ :ARG1(z1044, z1040) ∧ profound(z1044) ∧ :prep-by(z0, z1045) ∧ determine-01(z1045) ∧ :ARG1(z1045, z1046) ∧ person(z1046) ∧ :mod(z1046, z1047) ∧ foreign(z1047)


Some ornithologists believe that many species of songbirds are threatened by deforestation. Yet they also claim that, despite recent reforestation, matters continue to worsen, since it is fragmentation of forest rather than reduction of forest size that endangers songbird species. The introduction of open spaces and corridors in forests reduces the distance of songbird nests from unforested areas and thus reduces the songbirds' natural shield from predators.

Question: The claim that there has recently been reforestation plays which one of the following roles in the ornithologists' argument?

Choices:
- It is presented as evidence for the claim that songbirds' predators are threatened by extinction unless they have open spaces and corridors that give them access to their prey.
- It is presented as a phenomenon that is compatible with the ornithologists' claim that the threat to songbirds continues to worsen.
- It is used as evidence that songbirds' predators will continue to have a habitat and so will continue to pose a threat to songbirds.
- It is used as evidence that various species of songbirds will continue to be threatened with extinction.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / believe-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / ornithologist
                        :quant (z3 / some))
              :ARG1 (z4 / threaten-01
                        :ARG0 (z5 / deforest-01)
                        :ARG2 (z6 / species
                                  :mod (z7 / songbird)
                                  :quant (z8 / many))))
    :snt2 (z9 / have-concession-91
              :ARG1 (z10 / claim-01
                         :ARG0 (z11 / they)
                         :ARG1 (z12 / continue-01
                                    :ARG0 (z13 / matter)
                                    :ARG1 (z14 / worsen-01
                                               :ARG1 z13)
                                    :ARG1-of (z15 / cause-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z16 / endanger-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z17 / fragment-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z18 / forest)
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z19 / instead-of-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z20 / reduce-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z21 / size-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z18))))
                                                             :ARG1 (z22 / species
                                                                        :mod (z23 / songbird))
                                                             :ARG1-of (z24 / instead-of-91
                                                                           :ARG2 (z25 / reduce-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z26 / size-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z18)))))
                                    :concession (z27 / reforest-01
                                                     :time (z28 / recent)))
                         :mod (z29 / also)))
    :snt3 (z30 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z31 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z32 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z33 / ornithologist)))
               :ARG1 (z34 / threaten-01
                          :ARG0 (z35 / deforest-01)
                          :ARG2 (z36 / species
                                     :mod (z37 / songbird)
                                     :quant (z38 / many))))
    :snt4 (z39 / introduce-02
               :ARG1 (z40 / and
                          :op1 (z41 / space
                                    :ARG1-of (z42 / open-06))
                          :op2 (z43 / corridor)
                          :location (z44 / forest))
               :ARG0-of (z45 / reduce-01
                             :ARG1 (z46 / distance-01
                                        :ARG1 (z47 / nest-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z48 / songbird))
                                        :ARG2 (z49 / area
                                                   :ARG1-of (z50 / forest
                                                                 :polarity -)))
                             :ARG0-of (z51 / cause-01
                                           :ARG1 (z52 / reduce-01
                                                      :ARG1 (z53 / shield
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z54 / natural-03)
                                                                 :poss z48
                                                                 :ARG2 (z55 / predator)))))
               :ARG0-of (z56 / cause-01
                             :ARG1 (z57 / reduce-01
                                        :ARG1 (z58 / distance
                                                   :ARG3-of (z59 / distance-01
                                                                 :ARG1 (z60 / nest-01
                                                                            :ARG0 (z61 / songbird))
                                                                 :ARG2 (z62 / area
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z63 / forest
                                                                                :polarity -))))
                                        :ARG0-of (z64 / cause-01
                                                      :ARG1 (z65 / reduce-01
                                                                 :ARG1 (z66 / shield
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z67 / natural-03)
                                                                            :poss z48
                                                                            :ARG3 (z68 / predator)))))))
    :snt5 (z69 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z70 / continue-01
                          :ARG1 (z71 / worsen-01
                                     :ARG1 (z72 / matter)))
               :ARG2 (z73 / reforest-01
                          :time (z74 / recent)))
    :snt6 (z75 / break-heart-31
               :ARG1 (z76 / and
                          :op1 (z77 / nest-01
                                    :ARG0 (z78 / songbird))
                          :op2 (z79 / nest-01
                                    :ARG0 (z80 / songbird)))
               :time (z81 / before
                          :op1 (z82 / now)))
    :snt7 (z83 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z84 / i)
               :ARG1 (z85 / threaten-01
                          :ARG0 (z86 / deforest-01)
                          :ARG1 (z87 / and
                                     :op1 (z88 / nest-01
                                               :ARG0 (z89 / songbird)
                                               :op2 (z90 / nest-01
                                                         :ARG0 (z91 / songbird)))
                                     :quant (z92 / many)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ believe-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ ornithologist(z2) ∧ :quant(z2, z3) ∧ some(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ threaten-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ deforest-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z6) ∧ species(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ songbird(z7) ∧ :quant(z6, z8) ∧ many(z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ have-concession-91(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ claim-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ they(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z12) ∧ continue-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ matter(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z14) ∧ worsen-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z12) ∧ cause-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ endanger-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ fragment-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ forest(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z17) ∧ instead-of-91(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z20) ∧ reduce-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ size-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z18) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z22) ∧ species(z22) ∧ :mod(z22, z23) ∧ songbird(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z16) ∧ instead-of-91(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ reduce-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ size-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z18) ∧ :concession(z12, z27) ∧ reforest-01(z27) ∧ :time(z27, z28) ∧ recent(z28) ∧ :mod(z10, z29) ∧ also(z29) ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ say-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ person(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z31) ∧ have-org-role-91(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ ornithologist(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z34) ∧ threaten-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ deforest-01(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z36) ∧ species(z36) ∧ :mod(z36, z37) ∧ songbird(z37) ∧ :quant(z36, z38) ∧ many(z38) ∧ :snt4(z0, z39) ∧ introduce-02(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ and(z40) ∧ :op1(z40, z41) ∧ space(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ open-06(z42) ∧ :op2(z40, z43) ∧ corridor(z43) ∧ :location(z40, z44) ∧ forest(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z39) ∧ reduce-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ distance-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ nest-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ songbird(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z49) ∧ area(z49) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z50, z49) ∧ forest(z50)) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z45) ∧ cause-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z52) ∧ reduce-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ shield(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z53) ∧ natural-03(z54) ∧ :poss(z53, z48) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z55) ∧ predator(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z39) ∧ cause-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ reduce-01(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ distance(z58) ∧ :ARG3(z59, z58) ∧ distance-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ nest-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ songbird(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z59, z62) ∧ area(z62) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z63, z62) ∧ forest(z63)) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z57) ∧ cause-01(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ reduce-01(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ shield(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z66) ∧ natural-03(z67) ∧ :poss(z66, z48) ∧ :ARG3(z66, z68) ∧ predator(z68) ∧ :snt5(z0, z69) ∧ have-concession-91(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ continue-01(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ worsen-01(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z72) ∧ matter(z72) ∧ :ARG2(z69, z73) ∧ reforest-01(z73) ∧ :time(z73, z74) ∧ recent(z74) ∧ :snt6(z0, z75) ∧ break-heart-31(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ and(z76) ∧ :op1(z76, z77) ∧ nest-01(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z77, z78) ∧ songbird(z78) ∧ :op2(z76, z79) ∧ nest-01(z79) ∧ :ARG0(z79, z80) ∧ songbird(z80) ∧ :time(z75, z81) ∧ before(z81) ∧ :op1(z81, z82) ∧ now(z82) ∧ :snt7(z0, z83) ∧ say-01(z83) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z84) ∧ i(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z85) ∧ threaten-01(z85) ∧ :ARG0(z85, z86) ∧ deforest-01(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z87) ∧ and(z87) ∧ :op1(z87, z88) ∧ nest-01(z88) ∧ :ARG0(z88, z89) ∧ songbird(z89) ∧ :op2(z88, z90) ∧ nest-01(z90) ∧ :ARG0(z90, z91) ∧ songbird(z91) ∧ :quant(z87, z92) ∧ many(z92)


As regards memory, the brain responds best to repeated patterns, such as the melodic and rhythmic patterns of music. This is why we can remember long strings of information or text, which would normally be impossible to memorize, when they are put to music. Given that music aids memory, it might seem that funny jokes would be easy to remember, since, like music, they normally elicit an emotional response in us. However, jokes are usually very difficult to remember, since . __.

Question: Which one of the following most logically completes the passage?

Choices:
- for most people, certain memories elicit a strong emotional response
- people can hold in short-term memory only a few chunks of unpattemed information at a time
- jokes work not by conforming to repeated patterns but by breaking them
- jokes, unlike music, always have content that is verbal or at least clearly symbolic

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / respond-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / brain)
              :ARG1 (z3 / pattern
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / repeat-01)
                        :example (z5 / and
                                     :op1 (z6 / pattern
                                              :mod (z7 / melody))
                                     :op2 (z8 / pattern
                                              :mod (z9 / rhythm))
                                     :poss (z10 / music)))
              :ARG2 (z11 / memory)
              :manner (z12 / good-02
                           :ARG2-of (z13 / have-degree-91
                                         :ARG1 z1
                                         :ARG3 (z14 / most)))
              :topic z11)
    :snt2 (z15 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z16 / remember-01
                          :ARG0 (z17 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z18 / string
                                     :ARG1-of (z19 / long-03)
                                     :consist-of (z20 / or
                                                      :op1 (z21 / information)
                                                      :op2 (z22 / text))
                                     :ARG1-of (z23 / memorize-01
                                                   :ARG1-of (z24 / possible-01
                                                                 :polarity -
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z25 / normal-02))))
                          :time (z26 / put-03
                                     :ARG1 z18
                                     :ARG2 (z27 / music)))
               :ARG0-of (z28 / cause-01
                             :ARG1 (z29 / possible-01
                                        :ARG1 (z30 / seem-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z31 / easy-05
                                                              :ARG1 (z32 / remember-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z33 / joke-01
                                                                                :mod (z34 / funny)))
                                                              :ARG1-of (z35 / cause-01
                                                                            :ARG0 (z36 / elicit-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z33
                                                                                :ARG1 (z37 / respond-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z17
                                                                                :ARG2 (z38 / emotion))
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z39 / normal-02)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z40 / resemble-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z41 / music)))))))))
    :snt3 (z42 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z43 / difficult
                          :degree (z44 / very)
                          :domain (z45 / remember-01
                                       :ARG1 (z46 / joke-01))
                          :mod (z47 / usual)
                          :ARG1-of (z48 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z49 / time
                                                   :ARG1-of (z50 / pass-03)))))
    :snt4 (z51 / give-01
               :ARG1 (z52 / aid-01
                          :ARG0 (z53 / music)
                          :ARG1 (z54 / memory)))
    :snt5 (z55 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z56 / seem-01
                          :ARG1 (z57 / easy-05
                                     :ARG1 (z58 / remember-01
                                                :ARG1 (z59 / joke-01))
                                     :ARG1-of (z60 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z61 / elicit-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z62 / and
                                                                         :op1 (z63 / pattern
                                                                                :mod (z64 / melody))
                                                                         :op2 (z65 / pattern
                                                                                :mod (z66 / rhythm))
                                                                         :poss (z67 / music))
                                                              :ARG1 (z68 / respond-01
                                                                         :ARG0 (z69 / brain)
                                                                         :ARG1 (z70 / pattern)
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z71 / repeat-01))))))
               :snt6 (z72 / cause-01
                          :ARG1 (z73 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z74 / remember-01
                                                :ARG0 (z75 / we)
                                                :ARG1 (z76 / string
                                                           :ARG1-of (z77 / long-03)
                                                           :consist-of (z78 / string
                                                                            :consist-of (z79 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z80 / information)
                                                                                :op2 (z81 / text))
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z82 / memorize-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z83 / possible-01
                                                                                :polarity -
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z84 / normal-02)))))
                                                :time (z85 / put-03
                                                           :ARG1 z76
                                                           :ARG2 (z86 / music)))))
               :snt7 (z87 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z88 / difficult
                                     :domain (z89 / remember-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z90 / joke-01)
                                                  :mod (z91 / usual)))
                          :ARG2 (z92 / time
                                     :ARG1-of (z93 / pass-03)))
               :snt8 (z94 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z95 / string-entity
                                     :value ".___.__")
                          :ARG1 (z96 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z97 / remember-01
                                                :ARG0 (z98 / we)
                                                :ARG1 (z99 / string
                                                           :consist-of (z100 / information)
                                                           :ARG1-of (z101 / long-03)))))
               :snt9 (z102 / cause-01
                           :ARG1 (z103 / possible-01
                                       :polarity -
                                       :ARG1 (z1000 / memorize-01
                                                    :ARG0 (z1001 / we)
                                                    :ARG1 (z1002 / string
                                                                 :consist-of (z1003 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z1004 / information)
                                                                                :op2 (z1005 / text))
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z1006 / long-03)))))
               :snt10 (z1007 / cause-01
                             :ARG1 (z1008 / possible-01
                                          :polarity -
                                          :ARG1 (z1009 / memorize-01
                                                       :ARG0 (z1010 / we)
                                                       :ARG1 (z1011 / string
                                                                    :consist-of (z1012 / music)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ respond-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ brain(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ pattern(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ repeat-01(z4) ∧ :example(z3, z5) ∧ and(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, z6) ∧ pattern(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ melody(z7) ∧ :op2(z5, z8) ∧ pattern(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ rhythm(z9) ∧ :poss(z5, z10) ∧ music(z10) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z11) ∧ memory(z11) ∧ :manner(z1, z12) ∧ good-02(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z12) ∧ have-degree-91(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z1) ∧ :ARG3(z13, z14) ∧ most(z14) ∧ :topic(z1, z11) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ possible-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ remember-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ we(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z18) ∧ string(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z18) ∧ long-03(z19) ∧ :consist(z20, z18) ∧ or(z20) ∧ :op1(z20, z21) ∧ information(z21) ∧ :op2(z20, z22) ∧ text(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z18) ∧ memorize-01(z23) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z24, z23) ∧ possible-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z24) ∧ normal-02(z25)) ∧ :time(z16, z26) ∧ put-03(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z18) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z27) ∧ music(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z15) ∧ cause-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ possible-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ seem-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ easy-05(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ remember-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ joke-01(z33) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ funny(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z31) ∧ cause-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z36) ∧ elicit-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z33) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ respond-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z17) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z38) ∧ emotion(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z36) ∧ normal-02(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z36) ∧ resemble-01(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z41) ∧ music(z41) ∧ :snt3(z0, z42) ∧ contrast-01(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z43) ∧ difficult(z43) ∧ :degree(z43, z44) ∧ very(z44) ∧ :domain(z43, z45) ∧ remember-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ joke-01(z46) ∧ :mod(z43, z47) ∧ usual(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z43) ∧ cause-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z49) ∧ time(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z49) ∧ pass-03(z50) ∧ :snt4(z0, z51) ∧ give-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z52) ∧ aid-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ music(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z54) ∧ memory(z54) ∧ :snt5(z0, z55) ∧ possible-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ seem-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ easy-05(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ remember-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ joke-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z57) ∧ cause-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ elicit-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z62) ∧ and(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, z63) ∧ pattern(z63) ∧ :mod(z63, z64) ∧ melody(z64) ∧ :op2(z62, z65) ∧ pattern(z65) ∧ :mod(z65, z66) ∧ rhythm(z66) ∧ :poss(z62, z67) ∧ music(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z68) ∧ respond-01(z68) ∧ :ARG0(z68, z69) ∧ brain(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z70) ∧ pattern(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z68) ∧ repeat-01(z71) ∧ :snt6(z55, z72) ∧ cause-01(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ possible-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ remember-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z75) ∧ we(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z76) ∧ string(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z76) ∧ long-03(z77) ∧ :consist(z78, z76) ∧ string(z78) ∧ :consist(z79, z78) ∧ or(z79) ∧ :op1(z79, z80) ∧ information(z80) ∧ :op2(z79, z81) ∧ text(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z78) ∧ memorize-01(z82) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z83, z82) ∧ possible-01(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z83) ∧ normal-02(z84)) ∧ :time(z74, z85) ∧ put-03(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z76) ∧ :ARG2(z85, z86) ∧ music(z86) ∧ :snt7(z55, z87) ∧ have-concession-91(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ difficult(z88) ∧ :domain(z88, z89) ∧ remember-01(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ joke-01(z90) ∧ :mod(z89, z91) ∧ usual(z91) ∧ :ARG2(z87, z92) ∧ time(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z92) ∧ pass-03(z93) ∧ :snt8(z55, z94) ∧ cause-01(z94) ∧ :ARG0(z94, z95) ∧ string-entity(z95) ∧ :value(z95, ".___.__") ∧ :ARG1(z94, z96) ∧ possible-01(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z96, z97) ∧ remember-01(z97) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z98) ∧ we(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z99) ∧ string(z99) ∧ :consist(z100, z99) ∧ information(z100) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z99) ∧ long-03(z101) ∧ :snt9(z55, z102) ∧ cause-01(z102) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z102, z103) ∧ possible-01(z103) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z1000) ∧ memorize-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG0(z1000, z1001) ∧ we(z1001) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z1002) ∧ string(z1002) ∧ :consist(z1003, z1002) ∧ or(z1003) ∧ :op1(z1003, z1004) ∧ information(z1004) ∧ :op2(z1003, z1005) ∧ text(z1005) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z1002) ∧ long-03(z1006)) ∧ :snt10(z55, z1007) ∧ cause-01(z1007) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1007, z1008) ∧ possible-01(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1008, z1009) ∧ memorize-01(z1009) ∧ :ARG0(z1009, z1010) ∧ we(z1010) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1011) ∧ string(z1011) ∧ :consist(z1012, z1011) ∧ music(z1012))


In many bird samples, it is first discovered that the predator's bird makes a warning call, so the flock of birds disperses. There is a theory that the calling bird saves its companion by attracting attention to itself, that is, to Self-sacrifice for the benefit of the flock.

Question: Which of the following can most directly weaken the above conclusion?

Choices:
- When many bird flocks roost, some birds will take turns to act as a guard, and make calls when they are in danger, thereby increasing the flock's chances of survival
- The shouting bird wants to find a safer position, but dare not break the original formation privately, otherwise the predator will find a single bird out of the formation
- When danger comes, the yelling bird may be in a safer position than its companion. It yells to remind its mate
- There is a genetic relationship between the bird flocks, and the siblings have the same genes.Although the shouting birds may sacrifice themselves, they can save more siblings and continue their genes

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / discover-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / call-03
                        :ARG0 (z3 / bird
                                  :poss (z4 / predator))
                        :ARG1 (z5 / warn-01
                                  :ARG0 z3)
                        :ARG0-of (z6 / cause-01
                                     :ARG1 (z7 / disperse-01
                                               :ARG1 (z8 / flock
                                                         :consist-of (z9 / bird)))))
              :ord (z10 / ordinal-entity
                        :value 1)
              :location (z11 / sample-01
                             :ARG1 (z12 / bird)
                             :quant (z13 / many)))
    :snt2 (z14 / theory
               :topic (z15 / save-02
                           :ARG0 (z16 / bird
                                      :ARG0-of (z17 / call-02))
                           :ARG1 (z18 / person
                                      :ARG0-of (z19 / have-rel-role-91
                                                    :ARG1 z16
                                                    :ARG2 (z20 / companion)))
                           :manner (z21 / attract-01
                                        :ARG0 z16
                                        :ARG1 (z22 / attend-02
                                                   :ARG1 z16)
                                        :ARG1-of (z23 / mean-01
                                                      :ARG2 (z24 / sacrifice-01
                                                                 :ARG0 z16
                                                                 :ARG1 z16
                                                                 :ARG2 (z25 / benefit-01
                                                                            :ARG1 (z26 / flock)))))))
    :snt3 (z27 / theory
               :topic (z28 / save-02
                           :ARG0 (z29 / bird
                                      :ARG0-of (z30 / call-03))
                           :ARG1 z29
                           :manner (z31 / attract-01
                                        :ARG0 z29
                                        :ARG1 (z32 / attend-02
                                                   :ARG1 z29))
                           :purpose (z33 / sacrifice-01
                                         :ARG0 z29
                                         :ARG1 z29
                                         :purpose (z34 / benefit-01
                                                       :ARG1 z26)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ discover-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ call-03(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ bird(z3) ∧ :poss(z3, z4) ∧ predator(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z5) ∧ warn-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z3) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z2) ∧ cause-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ disperse-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ flock(z8) ∧ :consist(z9, z8) ∧ bird(z9) ∧ :ord(z1, z10) ∧ ordinal-entity(z10) ∧ :value(z10, 1) ∧ :location(z1, z11) ∧ sample-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ bird(z12) ∧ :quant(z11, z13) ∧ many(z13) ∧ :snt2(z0, z14) ∧ theory(z14) ∧ :topic(z14, z15) ∧ save-02(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ bird(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z16) ∧ call-02(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z18) ∧ person(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z18) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z16) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z20) ∧ companion(z20) ∧ :manner(z15, z21) ∧ attract-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ attend-02(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z21) ∧ mean-01(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z24) ∧ sacrifice-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z16) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ benefit-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ flock(z26) ∧ :snt3(z0, z27) ∧ theory(z27) ∧ :topic(z27, z28) ∧ save-02(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ bird(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z29) ∧ call-03(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ :manner(z28, z31) ∧ attract-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ attend-02(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z29) ∧ :purpose(z28, z33) ∧ sacrifice-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z29) ∧ :purpose(z33, z34) ∧ benefit-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z26)