When volcanic lava solidifies, it becomes uniformly magnetized in the direction in which the Earth' s magnetic field points. There are significant differences in the direction of magnetization among solidified lava flows from different volcanoes that erupted at different times over the past several million years. Ttherefore, it must be that the direction of the Earth' s magnetic field has changed over time. Since lava flows differing by thousands of years in age often have very similar directions of magnetization, the change in the direction of the Earth' s magnetic field must take place very gradually over hundreds of thousands of years.

Question: The argument that the direction of the Earth's magnetic field has changed over time requires the assumption that

Choices:
- not all solidified lava has changed the direction of its magnetization unpredictably
- only lava can be used to measure the direction of the Earth's magnetic field as it existed in the distant past
- as lava flows down the side of a volcano, it picks up magnetized rocks
- a single volcano can produce lava of differing consistencies during different eruptions

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / become-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / lava
                        :mod (z3 / volcano))
              :ARG2 (z4 / magnetize-01
                        :ARG1 z2
                        :ARG1-of (z5 / uniform-02)
                        :direction (z6 / direction
                                       :ARG2-of (z7 / point-01
                                                    :ARG0 (z8 / field
                                                              :mod (z9 / magnet)
                                                              :poss (z10 / planet
                                                                         :wiki "Earth"
                                                                         :name (z11 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Earth"))))))
              :time (z12 / solidify-01
                         :ARG1 z2))
    :snt2 (z13 / differ-02
               :ARG1 (z14 / direct-01
                          :ARG1 (z15 / magnetization))
               :ARG2 (z16 / flow-01
                          :ARG1 (z17 / lava)
                          :source (z18 / volcano
                                       :ARG1-of (z19 / differ-02)
                                       :ARG0-of (z20 / erupt-01
                                                     :time (z21 / time
                                                                :ARG1-of (z22 / differ-02))
                                                     :time (z23 / before
                                                                :op1 (z24 / now)
                                                                :duration (z25 / several
                                                                               :op1 (z26 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1000000
                                                                                :unit (z27 / year))))))
                          :ARG1-of (z28 / solid-02))
               :ARG1-of (z29 / significant-02))
    :snt3 (z30 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z31 / infer-01
                          :ARG1 (z32 / obligate-01
                                     :ARG2 (z33 / change-01
                                                :ARG1 (z34 / direction
                                                           :poss (z35 / field
                                                                      :mod (z36 / magnet)
                                                                      :poss (z37 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Earth"
                                                                                :name (z38 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Earth"))))
                                                :mod (z39 / over-time)))))
    :snt4 (z40 / obligate-01
               :ARG2 (z41 / change-01
                          :ARG1 (z42 / direction
                                     :poss (z43 / field
                                                :mod (z44 / magnet)
                                                :poss (z45 / planet
                                                           :wiki "Earth"
                                                           :name (z46 / name
                                                                      :op1 "Earth"))))
                          :manner (z47 / gradual
                                       :degree (z48 / very))
                          :duration (z49 / multiple
                                         :op1 (z50 / temporal-quantity
                                                   :quant 100000
                                                   :unit (z51 / year))))
               :ARG1-of (z52 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z53 / resemble-01
                                        :ARG1 (z54 / direction
                                                   :mod (z55 / magnetization)
                                                   :poss (z56 / flow-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z57 / lava)
                                                              :ARG1-of (z58 / differ-02
                                                                            :ARG3 (z59 / age-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z57
                                                                                :ARG2 (z60 / multiple
                                                                                :op1 (z61 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1000
                                                                                :unit (z62 / year))))))
                                                   :degree (z63 / very)
                                                   :frequency (z64 / often))))
               :snt5 (z65 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z66 / resemble-01
                                     :ARG1 (z67 / direction
                                                :mod (z68 / magnetization)
                                                :poss (z69 / flow-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z70 / lava)
                                                           :ARG1-of (z71 / solid-02)))
                                     :ARG2 (z72 / direction
                                                :mod z27)
                                     :degree (z73 / very))
                          :ARG1 (z74 / obligate-01
                                     :ARG2 (z75 / change-01
                                                :ARG1 (z76 / direction
                                                           :poss (z77 / field
                                                                      :mod (z78 / magnet)
                                                                      :poss (z79 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Earth"
                                                                                :name (z80 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Earth")))))))
               :snt6 (z81 / cause-01
                          :ARG1 (z82 / obligate-01
                                     :ARG1 (z83 / change-01
                                                :ARG1 (z84 / direction
                                                           :poss (z85 / field
                                                                      :mod (z86 / magnet)
                                                                      :poss (z87 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Earth"
                                                                                :name (z88 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Earth"))))
                                                :mod (z89 / over-time))))
               :snt7 (z90 / become-01
                          :ARG1 (z91 / lava
                                     :ARG1-of (z92 / solid-02)
                                     :source (z93 / volcano
                                                  :ARG1-of (z94 / differ-02)
                                                  :ARG0-of (z95 / erupt-01
                                                                :time (z96 / time
                                                                           :ARG1-of (z97 / differ-02))
                                                                :time (z98 / before
                                                                           :op1 (z99 / now)
                                                                           :duration (z100 / several
                                                                                :op1 (z101 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1000000
                                                                                :unit (z102 / year)))))))
                          :ARG2 (z103 / magnetize-01
                                      :ARG1 z91
                                      :ARG1-of (z104 / differ-02)))
               :snt8 (z1000 / differ-02
                            :ARG1 (z1001 / flow-01
                                         :ARG1 (z1002 / lava)
                                         :ARG1-of (z1003 / solid-02)
                                         :ARG1-of (z1004 / age-01
                                                         :ARG2 (z1005 / multiple
                                                                      :op1 (z1006 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1000
                                                                                :unit (z1007 / year))))))
               :ARG3 (z1008 / direction
                            :ARG1-of (z1009 / resemble-01)))
    :snt9 (z1010 / differ-02
                 :ARG1 (z1011 / flow-01
                              :ARG1 (z1012 / lava)
                              :ARG1-of (z1013 / klose-01)
                              :ARG1-of (z1014 / solid-02)))
    :snt10 (z1015 / erupt-01
                  :ARG1 (z1016 / volcano
                               :ARG1-of (z1017 / erupt-01
                                               :time (z1018 / multiple
                                                            :op1 (z105 / temporal-quantity
                                                                       :quant 1
                                                                       :unit (z106 / year))))))
    :snt11 (z1019 / age-01
                  :ARG1 z96
                  :ARG2 (z1020 / multiple
                               :op1 (z1021 / temporal-quantity
                                           :quant 1
                                           :unit (z1022 / year))))
    :snt12 (z1023 / multiple
                  :op1 (z1024 / temporal-quantity
                              :quant 1
                              :unit (z1025 / year)))
    :snt14 (z1026 / multiple
                  :op1 (z1027 / temporal-quantity
                              :quant 1
                              :unit (z1028 / year)))
    :snt15 (z1029 / multiple
                  :op1 (z1030 / hour))
    :snt16 (z107 / moon))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ become-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ lava(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ volcano(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ magnetize-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ uniform-02(z5) ∧ :direction(z4, z6) ∧ direction(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z6) ∧ point-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z8) ∧ field(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ magnet(z9) ∧ :poss(z8, z10) ∧ planet(z10) ∧ :wiki(z10, "Earth") ∧ :name(z10, z11) ∧ name(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, "Earth") ∧ :time(z1, z12) ∧ solidify-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z2) ∧ :snt2(z0, z13) ∧ differ-02(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ direct-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ magnetization(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z16) ∧ flow-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ lava(z17) ∧ :source(z16, z18) ∧ volcano(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z18) ∧ differ-02(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z18) ∧ erupt-01(z20) ∧ :time(z20, z21) ∧ time(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z21) ∧ differ-02(z22) ∧ :time(z20, z23) ∧ before(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, z24) ∧ now(z24) ∧ :duration(z23, z25) ∧ several(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, z26) ∧ temporal-quantity(z26) ∧ :quant(z26, 1000000) ∧ :unit(z26, z27) ∧ year(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z16) ∧ solid-02(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z13) ∧ significant-02(z29) ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ cause-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ infer-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ obligate-01(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ change-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ direction(z34) ∧ :poss(z34, z35) ∧ field(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ magnet(z36) ∧ :poss(z35, z37) ∧ planet(z37) ∧ :wiki(z37, "Earth") ∧ :name(z37, z38) ∧ name(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, "Earth") ∧ :mod(z33, z39) ∧ over-time(z39) ∧ :snt4(z0, z40) ∧ obligate-01(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z41) ∧ change-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ direction(z42) ∧ :poss(z42, z43) ∧ field(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z44) ∧ magnet(z44) ∧ :poss(z43, z45) ∧ planet(z45) ∧ :wiki(z45, "Earth") ∧ :name(z45, z46) ∧ name(z46) ∧ :op1(z46, "Earth") ∧ :manner(z41, z47) ∧ gradual(z47) ∧ :degree(z47, z48) ∧ very(z48) ∧ :duration(z41, z49) ∧ multiple(z49) ∧ :op1(z49, z50) ∧ temporal-quantity(z50) ∧ :quant(z50, 100000) ∧ :unit(z50, z51) ∧ year(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z40) ∧ cause-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ resemble-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ direction(z54) ∧ :mod(z54, z55) ∧ magnetization(z55) ∧ :poss(z54, z56) ∧ flow-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ lava(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z56) ∧ differ-02(z58) ∧ :ARG3(z58, z59) ∧ age-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z57) ∧ :ARG2(z59, z60) ∧ multiple(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, z61) ∧ temporal-quantity(z61) ∧ :quant(z61, 1000) ∧ :unit(z61, z62) ∧ year(z62) ∧ :degree(z54, z63) ∧ very(z63) ∧ :frequency(z54, z64) ∧ often(z64) ∧ :snt5(z40, z65) ∧ cause-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z66) ∧ resemble-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ direction(z67) ∧ :mod(z67, z68) ∧ magnetization(z68) ∧ :poss(z67, z69) ∧ flow-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ lava(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z69) ∧ solid-02(z71) ∧ :ARG2(z66, z72) ∧ direction(z72) ∧ :mod(z72, z27) ∧ :degree(z66, z73) ∧ very(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z74) ∧ obligate-01(z74) ∧ :ARG2(z74, z75) ∧ change-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ direction(z76) ∧ :poss(z76, z77) ∧ field(z77) ∧ :mod(z77, z78) ∧ magnet(z78) ∧ :poss(z77, z79) ∧ planet(z79) ∧ :wiki(z79, "Earth") ∧ :name(z79, z80) ∧ name(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, "Earth") ∧ :snt6(z40, z81) ∧ cause-01(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z82) ∧ obligate-01(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z83) ∧ change-01(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z84) ∧ direction(z84) ∧ :poss(z84, z85) ∧ field(z85) ∧ :mod(z85, z86) ∧ magnet(z86) ∧ :poss(z85, z87) ∧ planet(z87) ∧ :wiki(z87, "Earth") ∧ :name(z87, z88) ∧ name(z88) ∧ :op1(z88, "Earth") ∧ :mod(z83, z89) ∧ over-time(z89) ∧ :snt7(z40, z90) ∧ become-01(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z91) ∧ lava(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z91) ∧ solid-02(z92) ∧ :source(z91, z93) ∧ volcano(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z93) ∧ differ-02(z94) ∧ :ARG0(z95, z93) ∧ erupt-01(z95) ∧ :time(z95, z96) ∧ time(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z96) ∧ differ-02(z97) ∧ :time(z95, z98) ∧ before(z98) ∧ :op1(z98, z99) ∧ now(z99) ∧ :duration(z98, z100) ∧ several(z100) ∧ :op1(z100, z101) ∧ temporal-quantity(z101) ∧ :quant(z101, 1000000) ∧ :unit(z101, z102) ∧ year(z102) ∧ :ARG2(z90, z103) ∧ magnetize-01(z103) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z91) ∧ :ARG1(z104, z103) ∧ differ-02(z104) ∧ :snt8(z40, z1000) ∧ differ-02(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z1001) ∧ flow-01(z1001) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1002) ∧ lava(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1001) ∧ solid-02(z1003) ∧ :ARG1(z1004, z1001) ∧ age-01(z1004) ∧ :ARG2(z1004, z1005) ∧ multiple(z1005) ∧ :op1(z1005, z1006) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1006) ∧ :quant(z1006, 1000) ∧ :unit(z1006, z1007) ∧ year(z1007) ∧ :ARG3(z40, z1008) ∧ direction(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1008) ∧ resemble-01(z1009) ∧ :snt9(z0, z1010) ∧ differ-02(z1010) ∧ :ARG1(z1010, z1011) ∧ flow-01(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z1012) ∧ lava(z1012) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z1011) ∧ klose-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1011) ∧ solid-02(z1014) ∧ :snt10(z0, z1015) ∧ erupt-01(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1016) ∧ volcano(z1016) ∧ :ARG1(z1017, z1016) ∧ erupt-01(z1017) ∧ :time(z1017, z1018) ∧ multiple(z1018) ∧ :op1(z1018, z105) ∧ temporal-quantity(z105) ∧ :quant(z105, 1) ∧ :unit(z105, z106) ∧ year(z106) ∧ :snt11(z0, z1019) ∧ age-01(z1019) ∧ :ARG1(z1019, z96) ∧ :ARG2(z1019, z1020) ∧ multiple(z1020) ∧ :op1(z1020, z1021) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1021) ∧ :quant(z1021, 1) ∧ :unit(z1021, z1022) ∧ year(z1022) ∧ :snt12(z0, z1023) ∧ multiple(z1023) ∧ :op1(z1023, z1024) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1024) ∧ :quant(z1024, 1) ∧ :unit(z1024, z1025) ∧ year(z1025) ∧ :snt14(z0, z1026) ∧ multiple(z1026) ∧ :op1(z1026, z1027) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1027) ∧ :quant(z1027, 1) ∧ :unit(z1027, z1028) ∧ year(z1028) ∧ :snt15(z0, z1029) ∧ multiple(z1029) ∧ :op1(z1029, z1030) ∧ hour(z1030) ∧ :snt16(z0, z107) ∧ moon(z107)


Throughout the Popoya Islands community pressure is exerted on people who win the national lottery to share their good fortune with their neighbors. When people living in rural areas win the lottery they invariably throw elaborate neighborhood feasts, often wiping out all of their lottery winnings. However, in the cities, lottery winners frequently use their winnings for their own personal investment rather than sharing their good fortune with their neighbors.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the difference between the behavior of lottery winners in rural areas and those in cities?

Choices:
- Lottery winners in rural areas are notified of winning by public posting of lists of winners, but notification in the city is by private mail.
- Families in rural areas in the Popoyas many contain twelve or fourteen people, but city families average six or seven.
- Popoyan city dwellers tend to buy several lottery tickets at a time, but they buy tickets less frequently than do rural dwellers.
- Twice as many lottery tickets are sold in rural areas as are sold in the city.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / exert-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / pressure-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / person
                                  :ARG0-of (z4 / win-01
                                               :ARG1 (z5 / lottery
                                                         :mod (z6 / nation))))
                        :ARG2 (z7 / share-01
                                  :ARG0 z3
                                  :ARG1 (z8 / fortune
                                            :ARG1-of (z9 / good-02)
                                            :poss z3)
                                  :ARG2 (z10 / person
                                             :ARG1-of (z11 / neighbor-01
                                                           :ARG2 z3)))
                        :mod (z12 / community))
              :location (z13 / throughout
                             :op1 (z14 / island
                                       :wiki "Popoya_Islands"
                                       :name (z15 / name
                                                  :op1 "Popoya"
                                                  :op2 "Islands"))))
    :snt2 (z16 / throw-01
               :ARG0 (z17 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z18 / live-01
                                        :location (z19 / area
                                                       :mod (z20 / rural))))
               :ARG1 (z21 / feast
                          :mod (z22 / elaborate)
                          :mod (z23 / neighborhood))
               :manner (z24 / variable
                            :polarity -)
               :ARG0-of (z25 / cause-01
                             :ARG1 (z26 / wipe-out-02
                                        :ARG0 z17
                                        :ARG1 (z27 / thing
                                                   :ARG1-of (z28 / win-01
                                                                 :ARG0 z17
                                                                 :ARG2 (z29 / lottery))
                                                   :mod (z30 / all))
                                        :frequency (z31 / often))))
    :snt3 (z32 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z33 / use-01
                          :ARG0 (z34 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z35 / win-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z36 / lottery)))
                          :ARG1 (z37 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z38 / win-01
                                                   :ARG0 z34))
                          :ARG2 (z39 / invest-01
                                     :ARG0 z34
                                     :ARG1-of (z40 / personal-02
                                                   :ARG2 z34))
                          :ARG1-of (z41 / instead-of-91
                                        :ARG2 (z42 / share-01
                                                   :ARG0 z34
                                                   :ARG1 (z43 / fortune
                                                              :ARG1-of (z44 / good-02)
                                                              :poss z34)
                                                   :ARG2 (z45 / person
                                                              :ARG1-of (z46 / neighbor-01
                                                                            :ARG2 z34))))
                          :ARG1-of (z47 / frequent-02)
                          :location (z48 / city)))
    :snt4 (z49 / throw-05
               :ARG0 (z50 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z51 / live-01
                                        :location (z52 / area
                                                       :mod (z53 / rural))))
               :ARG1 (z54 / feast
                          :mod (z55 / neighborhood)
                          :ARG1-of (z56 / elaborate-02))
               :manner (z57 / variable
                            :polarity -)
               :time (z58 / win-01
                          :ARG0 z50
                          :ARG2 (z59 / lottery)))
    :snt5 (z60 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z61 / use-01
                          :ARG0 (z62 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z63 / win-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z64 / lottery)))
                          :ARG1 (z65 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z66 / win-01
                                                   :ARG0 z62))
                          :ARG2 (z67 / invest-01
                                     :ARG0 z62
                                     :ARG1-of (z68 / personal-02
                                                   :ARG2 z62))
                          :ARG1-of (z69 / instead-of-91
                                        :ARG2 (z70 / share-01
                                                   :ARG0 z62
                                                   :ARG1 (z71 / fortune
                                                              :ARG1-of (z72 / good-02)
                                                              :poss z62)
                                                   :ARG2 (z73 / person
                                                              :ARG1-of (z74 / neighbor-01
                                                                            :ARG2 z62))))
                          :location (z75 / city)))
    :ARG0 (z77 / person
               :ARG0-of (z78 / live-01
                             :location (z79 / area
                                            :mod (z80 / rural))))
    :ARG1 (z81 / feast-01
               :mod (z82 / neighborhood)
               :ARG1-of (z83 / elaborate-02))
    :manner (z84 / often))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ exert-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ pressure-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ win-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ lottery(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ nation(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z7) ∧ share-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ fortune(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ good-02(z9) ∧ :poss(z8, z3) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z10) ∧ person(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ neighbor-01(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z3) ∧ :mod(z2, z12) ∧ community(z12) ∧ :location(z1, z13) ∧ throughout(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, z14) ∧ island(z14) ∧ :wiki(z14, "Popoya_Islands") ∧ :name(z14, z15) ∧ name(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, "Popoya") ∧ :op2(z15, "Islands") ∧ :snt2(z0, z16) ∧ throw-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ live-01(z18) ∧ :location(z18, z19) ∧ area(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ rural(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z21) ∧ feast(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ elaborate(z22) ∧ :mod(z21, z23) ∧ neighborhood(z23) ∧ ¬(:manner(z16, z24) ∧ variable(z24)) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z16) ∧ cause-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ wipe-out-02(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z17) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ thing(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ win-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z17) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ lottery(z29) ∧ :mod(z27, z30) ∧ all(z30) ∧ :frequency(z26, z31) ∧ often(z31) ∧ :snt3(z0, z32) ∧ contrast-01(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ use-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z34) ∧ person(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ win-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ lottery(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z37) ∧ thing(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ win-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z34) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z39) ∧ invest-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z39) ∧ personal-02(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z33) ∧ instead-of-91(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ share-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ fortune(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z43) ∧ good-02(z44) ∧ :poss(z43, z34) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z45) ∧ person(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z45) ∧ neighbor-01(z46) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z33) ∧ frequent-02(z47) ∧ :location(z33, z48) ∧ city(z48) ∧ :snt4(z0, z49) ∧ throw-05(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z50) ∧ person(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z50) ∧ live-01(z51) ∧ :location(z51, z52) ∧ area(z52) ∧ :mod(z52, z53) ∧ rural(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z54) ∧ feast(z54) ∧ :mod(z54, z55) ∧ neighborhood(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z54) ∧ elaborate-02(z56) ∧ ¬(:manner(z49, z57) ∧ variable(z57)) ∧ :time(z49, z58) ∧ win-01(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z50) ∧ :ARG2(z58, z59) ∧ lottery(z59) ∧ :snt5(z0, z60) ∧ contrast-01(z60) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z61) ∧ use-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z62) ∧ person(z62) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z62) ∧ win-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ lottery(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z65) ∧ thing(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z65) ∧ win-01(z66) ∧ :ARG0(z66, z62) ∧ :ARG2(z61, z67) ∧ invest-01(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z67) ∧ personal-02(z68) ∧ :ARG2(z68, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z61) ∧ instead-of-91(z69) ∧ :ARG2(z69, z70) ∧ share-01(z70) ∧ :ARG0(z70, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ fortune(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z71) ∧ good-02(z72) ∧ :poss(z71, z62) ∧ :ARG2(z70, z73) ∧ person(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z73) ∧ neighbor-01(z74) ∧ :ARG2(z74, z62) ∧ :location(z61, z75) ∧ city(z75) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z77) ∧ person(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z78, z77) ∧ live-01(z78) ∧ :location(z78, z79) ∧ area(z79) ∧ :mod(z79, z80) ∧ rural(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z81) ∧ feast-01(z81) ∧ :mod(z81, z82) ∧ neighborhood(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z81) ∧ elaborate-02(z83) ∧ :manner(z0, z84) ∧ often(z84)


Box office receipts at movie theaters increased 40 percent last year over the previous year. Thus, the film industry overall evidently is prospering. Yet twice as many movie theaters went bankrupt last year as in the preceding two years combined.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the information above?

Choices:
- Films cost, on average, twice as much to produce today as they did ten years ago.
- Those of last year's films that were successful were very profitable films that were shown by exclusive engagement at only a selection of the largest theaters.
- Ticket prices at some theaters fell last year.
- The amount of money spent on film advertising increased greatly last year over the year before, and the majority of this expense was absorbed by the producers and the distributors of films, not by the theater owners.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / increase-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / receipt
                        :mod (z3 / office
                                 :mod (z4 / box))
                        :location (z5 / theater
                                      :mod (z6 / movie)))
              :ARG2 (z7 / percentage-entity
                        :value 40)
              :ARG3 (z8 / receipt
                        :time (z9 / year
                                  :mod (z10 / previous)))
              :time (z11 / year
                         :mod (z12 / last))
              :ARG1-of (z13 / compare-01
                            :ARG2 (z14 / receipt
                                       :time z9)))
    :snt2 (z15 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z16 / prosper-01
                          :ARG0 (z17 / industry
                                     :mod (z18 / film)
                                     :mod (z19 / overall))
                          :manner (z20 / evident)
                          :ARG1-of (z21 / cause-01)))
    :snt3 (z22 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z23 / bankrupt-01
                          :ARG1 (z24 / theater
                                     :mod (z25 / movie)
                                     :ARG1-of (z26 / have-quant-91
                                                   :ARG3 (z27 / times
                                                              :quant 2)
                                                   :ARG4 (z28 / theater
                                                              :ARG1-of (z29 / bankrupt-01
                                                                            :time (z30 / combine-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z31 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 2
                                                                                :unit (z32 / year
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z33 / precede-01))))))))
                          :time (z34 / year
                                     :mod (z35 / last))))
    :snt2 (z36 / increase-01
               :ARG1 (z37 / receipt
                          :mod (z38 / office
                                    :mod (z39 / box))
                          :location (z40 / theater
                                         :mod (z41 / movie)))
               :ARG2 (z42 / percentage-entity
                          :value 40)
               :ARG3 (z43 / receipt
                          :time (z44 / year
                                     :mod (z45 / previous)))
               :time (z46 / date-entity
                          :year 2013)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ increase-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ receipt(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ office(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ box(z4) ∧ :location(z2, z5) ∧ theater(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ movie(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z7) ∧ percentage-entity(z7) ∧ :value(z7, 40) ∧ :ARG3(z1, z8) ∧ receipt(z8) ∧ :time(z8, z9) ∧ year(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ previous(z10) ∧ :time(z1, z11) ∧ year(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ last(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z1) ∧ compare-01(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z14) ∧ receipt(z14) ∧ :time(z14, z9) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ cause-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ prosper-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ industry(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ film(z18) ∧ :mod(z17, z19) ∧ overall(z19) ∧ :manner(z16, z20) ∧ evident(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z16) ∧ cause-01(z21) ∧ :snt3(z0, z22) ∧ have-concession-91(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ bankrupt-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ theater(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ movie(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z24) ∧ have-quant-91(z26) ∧ :ARG3(z26, z27) ∧ times(z27) ∧ :quant(z27, 2) ∧ :ARG4(z26, z28) ∧ theater(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z28) ∧ bankrupt-01(z29) ∧ :time(z29, z30) ∧ combine-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ temporal-quantity(z31) ∧ :quant(z31, 2) ∧ :unit(z31, z32) ∧ year(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z32) ∧ precede-01(z33) ∧ :time(z23, z34) ∧ year(z34) ∧ :mod(z34, z35) ∧ last(z35) ∧ :snt2(z0, z36) ∧ increase-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ receipt(z37) ∧ :mod(z37, z38) ∧ office(z38) ∧ :mod(z38, z39) ∧ box(z39) ∧ :location(z37, z40) ∧ theater(z40) ∧ :mod(z40, z41) ∧ movie(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z42) ∧ percentage-entity(z42) ∧ :value(z42, 40) ∧ :ARG3(z36, z43) ∧ receipt(z43) ∧ :time(z43, z44) ∧ year(z44) ∧ :mod(z44, z45) ∧ previous(z45) ∧ :time(z36, z46) ∧ date-entity(z46) ∧ :year(z46, 2013)


The initial causes of serious accidents at nuclear power plants have not so far been flaws in the advanced-technology portion of the plants. Rather, the initial causes have been attributed to human error, as when a worker at the Browns Mills reactor in the United States dropped a candle and started a fire, or to flaws in the plumbing, exemplified in a recent incident in Japan. Such everyday events cannot be thought unlikely to occur over the long run.

Question: Which one of the following is most strongly supported by the statements above?

Choices:
- No serious accident will be caused in the future by some flaw in the advanced-technology portion of a nuclear power plant.
- Now that nuclear power generation has become a part of everyday life, an ever-increasing yearly incidence of serious accidents at the plants can be expected.
- The design of nuclear power plants attempts to compensate for possible failures of the materials used in their construction.
- If nuclear power plants continue in operation, a serious accident at such a plant is not improbable.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / cause-01
              :polarity -
              :ARG0 (z2 / flaw-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / portion
                                  :part-of (z4 / plant)
                                  :mod (z5 / technology
                                           :ARG1-of (z6 / advanced-02))))
              :ARG1 (z7 / accident
                        :ARG1-of (z8 / serious-02)
                        :location (z9 / plant
                                      :mod (z10 / power
                                                :mod (z11 / nucleus))))
              :time (z12 / so-far)
              :mod (z13 / initial))
    :snt2 (z14 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z15 / attribute-01
                          :ARG1 (z16 / thing
                                     :ARG0-of (z17 / cause-01)
                                     :mod (z18 / initial))
                          :ARG2 (z19 / err-01
                                     :ARG0 (z20 / human)
                                     :example (z21 / or
                                                   :op1 (z22 / drop-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z23 / person
                                                                        :ARG0-of (z24 / work-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z25 / reactor
                                                                                :wiki "Browns_Mills_Reactor"
                                                                                :name (z26 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Browns"
                                                                                :op2 "Mills")
                                                                                :location (z27 / country
                                                                                :wiki "United_States"
                                                                                :name (z28 / name
                                                                                :op1 "United"
                                                                                :op2 "States")))))
                                                             :ARG1 (z29 / candle))
                                                   :op2 (z30 / start-01
                                                             :ARG0 z23
                                                             :ARG1 (z31 / fire)))
                                     :op2 (z32 / flaw-01
                                               :ARG1 (z33 / plumb-04)
                                               :ARG1-of (z34 / exemplify-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z35 / incident
                                                                        :time (z36 / recent)
                                                                        :location (z37 / country
                                                                                :wiki "Japan"
                                                                                :name (z38 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Japan"))))))))
    :snt3 (z39 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z40 / think-01
                          :ARG1 (z41 / likely-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z42 / last-01
                                                :ARG1 (z43 / event
                                                           :mod (z44 / everyday)
                                                           :mod (z45 / such))
                                                :ARG2 (z46 / run-13
                                                           :ARG1-of (z47 / long-03))))))
    :snt4 (z48 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z49 / attribute-01
                          :ARG1 (z50 / thing
                                     :ARG0-of (z51 / cause-01)
                                     :mod (z52 / initial))
                          :ARG2 (z53 / err-01
                                     :ARG0 (z54 / person))
                          :example (z55 / drop-01
                                        :ARG0 (z56 / person
                                                   :ARG0-of (z57 / work-01
                                                                 :ARG2 (z58 / reactor)
                                                                 :location (z59 / facility
                                                                                :wiki "Browns_Mills_Reactor"
                                                                                :name (z60 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Browns"
                                                                                :op2 "Mills")
                                                                                :location (z61 / country
                                                                                :wiki "United_States"
                                                                                :name (z62 / name
                                                                                :op1 "United"
                                                                                :op2 "States"))))
                                                   :ARG1 (z63 / candle))))
               :snt5 (z64 / exemplify-01
                          :ARG0 (z65 / flaw-01
                                     :ARG1 (z66 / plumb-04))
                          :ARG1 (z67 / incident
                                     :time (z68 / recent)
                                     :location (z69 / country
                                                    :wiki "Japan"
                                                    :name (z70 / name
                                                               :op1 "Japan"))))
               :snt6 (z71 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z72 / think-01
                                     :ARG1 (z73 / likely-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG1 (z74 / last-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z75 / event
                                                                      :mod (z76 / everyday)
                                                                      :mod (z77 / such))))))
               :snt7 (z78 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z79 / attribute-01
                                     :ARG1 (z80 / thing
                                                :ARG0-of (z81 / cause-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z82 / event
                                                                         :mod (z83 / everyday)
                                                                         :mod (z84 / such))))
                                     :ARG2 (z85 / fault-01
                                                :ARG1 (z86 / portion
                                                           :part-of (z87 / plant)
                                                           :mod (z88 / technology
                                                                     :ARG1-of (z89 / advanced-02))))
                                     :time (z90 / so-far)))
               :snt8 (z91 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z92 / break-out)
                          :ARG2 (z93 / break-out
                                     :ARG1 (z94 / and
                                                :op1 (z95 / candle)
                                                :op2 (z96 / fire)))
                          :time (z97 / before
                                     :op1 (z98 / now))))
    :snt9 (z99 / break-out
               :ARG1 (z100 / and
                           :op1 (z101 / break-out-11
                                      :ARG1 (z102 / and
                                                  :op1 (z103 / candle)
                                                  :op2 (z1000 / lamp)))
                           :op2 (z1001 / start-01
                                       :ARG1 (z1002 / fire)))
               :time (z1003 / now)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ ¬(:snt1(z0, z1) ∧ cause-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ flaw-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ portion(z3) ∧ :part(z4, z3) ∧ plant(z4) ∧ :mod(z3, z5) ∧ technology(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ advanced-02(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z7) ∧ accident(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ serious-02(z8) ∧ :location(z7, z9) ∧ plant(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ power(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ nucleus(z11) ∧ :time(z1, z12) ∧ so-far(z12) ∧ :mod(z1, z13) ∧ initial(z13)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z14) ∧ contrast-01(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ attribute-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ thing(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z16) ∧ cause-01(z17) ∧ :mod(z16, z18) ∧ initial(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z19) ∧ err-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ human(z20) ∧ :example(z19, z21) ∧ or(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ drop-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ person(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z23) ∧ work-01(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ reactor(z25) ∧ :wiki(z25, "Browns_Mills_Reactor") ∧ :name(z25, z26) ∧ name(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, "Browns") ∧ :op2(z26, "Mills") ∧ :location(z25, z27) ∧ country(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "United_States") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "United") ∧ :op2(z28, "States") ∧ :ARG1(z22, z29) ∧ candle(z29) ∧ :op2(z21, z30) ∧ start-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ fire(z31) ∧ :op2(z19, z32) ∧ flaw-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ plumb-04(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z32) ∧ exemplify-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ incident(z35) ∧ :time(z35, z36) ∧ recent(z36) ∧ :location(z35, z37) ∧ country(z37) ∧ :wiki(z37, "Japan") ∧ :name(z37, z38) ∧ name(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, "Japan") ∧ ¬(:snt3(z0, z39) ∧ possible-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ think-01(z40) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ likely-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ last-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ event(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z44) ∧ everyday(z44) ∧ :mod(z43, z45) ∧ such(z45) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z46) ∧ run-13(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z46) ∧ long-03(z47))) ∧ :snt4(z0, z48) ∧ have-concession-91(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ attribute-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ thing(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z50) ∧ cause-01(z51) ∧ :mod(z50, z52) ∧ initial(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z49, z53) ∧ err-01(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z53, z54) ∧ person(z54) ∧ :example(z49, z55) ∧ drop-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ person(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z56) ∧ work-01(z57) ∧ :ARG2(z57, z58) ∧ reactor(z58) ∧ :location(z57, z59) ∧ facility(z59) ∧ :wiki(z59, "Browns_Mills_Reactor") ∧ :name(z59, z60) ∧ name(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, "Browns") ∧ :op2(z60, "Mills") ∧ :location(z59, z61) ∧ country(z61) ∧ :wiki(z61, "United_States") ∧ :name(z61, z62) ∧ name(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, "United") ∧ :op2(z62, "States") ∧ :ARG1(z56, z63) ∧ candle(z63) ∧ :snt5(z48, z64) ∧ exemplify-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ flaw-01(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ plumb-04(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z67) ∧ incident(z67) ∧ :time(z67, z68) ∧ recent(z68) ∧ :location(z67, z69) ∧ country(z69) ∧ :wiki(z69, "Japan") ∧ :name(z69, z70) ∧ name(z70) ∧ :op1(z70, "Japan") ∧ :snt6(z48, z71) ∧ have-concession-91(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z72) ∧ think-01(z72) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ likely-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ last-01(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z75) ∧ event(z75) ∧ :mod(z75, z76) ∧ everyday(z76) ∧ :mod(z75, z77) ∧ such(z77)) ∧ :snt7(z48, z78) ∧ have-concession-91(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ attribute-01(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ thing(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z80) ∧ cause-01(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z82) ∧ event(z82) ∧ :mod(z82, z83) ∧ everyday(z83) ∧ :mod(z82, z84) ∧ such(z84) ∧ :ARG2(z79, z85) ∧ fault-01(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z86) ∧ portion(z86) ∧ :part(z87, z86) ∧ plant(z87) ∧ :mod(z86, z88) ∧ technology(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z88) ∧ advanced-02(z89) ∧ :time(z79, z90) ∧ so-far(z90) ∧ :snt8(z48, z91) ∧ have-concession-91(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ break-out(z92) ∧ :ARG2(z91, z93) ∧ break-out(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z94) ∧ and(z94) ∧ :op1(z94, z95) ∧ candle(z95) ∧ :op2(z94, z96) ∧ fire(z96) ∧ :time(z91, z97) ∧ before(z97) ∧ :op1(z97, z98) ∧ now(z98) ∧ :snt9(z0, z99) ∧ break-out(z99) ∧ :ARG1(z99, z100) ∧ and(z100) ∧ :op1(z100, z101) ∧ break-out-11(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ and(z102) ∧ :op1(z102, z103) ∧ candle(z103) ∧ :op2(z102, z1000) ∧ lamp(z1000) ∧ :op2(z100, z1001) ∧ start-01(z1001) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1002) ∧ fire(z1002) ∧ :time(z99, z1003) ∧ now(z1003)


The proliferation of private cars in a city aggravates the air pollution in the city, and often causes serious congestion on several road sections during the morning and evening rush hours. In order to solve this problem, the city government decided to impose round-the-clock traffic restrictions on private cars with single and even numbers, that is, only private cars with odd numbers are allowed to travel on odd-numbered days, and only even-numbered private cars are allowed to travel on even days.

Question: Which of the following most questions the decision of the municipal government?

Choices:
- There is a large automobile manufacturer in the city, and the traffic restrictions will certainly affect the car sales of the enterprises
- Private car owners in the city generally have two or more private cars
- Private car owners in the city are generally rich and they don't care about fines for violations
- The city is developing a large number of rail transit, which will help to overcome congestion

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / aggravate-01
                       :ARG0 (z3 / proliferate-01
                                 :ARG0 (z4 / car
                                           :ARG1-of (z5 / private-03))
                                 :location (z6 / city))
                       :ARG1 (z7 / pollute-01
                                 :ARG0 z4
                                 :ARG1 (z8 / air)))
              :op2 (z9 / cause-01
                       :ARG0 z3
                       :ARG1 (z10 / congest-01
                                  :ARG1 (z11 / section
                                             :mod (z12 / road)
                                             :quant (z13 / several))
                                  :ARG1-of (z14 / serious-02))
                       :frequency (z15 / often)
                       :time (z16 / and
                                  :op1 (z17 / hour
                                            :time-of (z18 / rush-01
                                                          :time (z19 / date-entity
                                                                     :dayperiod (z20 / morning))))
                                  :op2 (z21 / hour
                                            :time-of z18
                                            :time (z22 / date-entity
                                                       :dayperiod (z23 / evening))))))
    :snt2 (z24 / decide-01
               :ARG0 (z25 / government-organization
                          :ARG0-of (z26 / govern-01
                                        :ARG1 (z27 / city)))
               :ARG1 (z28 / impose-01
                          :ARG0 z25
                          :ARG1 (z29 / restrict-01
                                     :ARG1 (z30 / traffic)
                                     :mod (z31 / round-the-clock))
                          :ARG2 (z32 / car
                                     :ARG1-of (z33 / private-03)
                                     :ARG0-of (z34 / have-03
                                                   :ARG1 (z35 / and
                                                              :op1 (z36 / number
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z37 / single-02))
                                                              :op2 (z38 / number
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z39 / even-02)))))
                          :ARG1-of (z40 / mean-01
                                        :ARG2 (z41 / and
                                                   :op1 (z42 / allow-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z43 / travel-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z44 / car
                                                                                :ARG1-of z33
                                                                                :mod (z45 / number
                                                                                :mod (z46 / odd))
                                                                                :mod (z47 / only))
                                                                        :time (z48 / day
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z49 / number-01
                                                                                :mod (z50 / odd)))))
                                                   :op2 (z51 / allow-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z52 / travel-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z53 / car
                                                                                :ARG1-of z33
                                                                                :mod (z54 / even))
                                                                        :time (z55 / day
                                                                                :ARG1-of z49)))
                                                   :op3 (z56 / allow-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z57 / travel-01
                                                                        :ARG0 z53
                                                                        :time (z58 / day
                                                                                :ARG1-of z49))))))
               :purpose (z59 / solve-01
                             :ARG0 z25
                             :ARG1 (z60 / problem
                                        :mod (z61 / this)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ aggravate-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ proliferate-01(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z4) ∧ car(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ private-03(z5) ∧ :location(z3, z6) ∧ city(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z7) ∧ pollute-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ air(z8) ∧ :op2(z1, z9) ∧ cause-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ congest-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ section(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ road(z12) ∧ :quant(z11, z13) ∧ several(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z10) ∧ serious-02(z14) ∧ :frequency(z9, z15) ∧ often(z15) ∧ :time(z9, z16) ∧ and(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, z17) ∧ hour(z17) ∧ :time(z18, z17) ∧ rush-01(z18) ∧ :time(z18, z19) ∧ date-entity(z19) ∧ :dayperiod(z19, z20) ∧ morning(z20) ∧ :op2(z16, z21) ∧ hour(z21) ∧ :time(z18, z21) ∧ :time(z21, z22) ∧ date-entity(z22) ∧ :dayperiod(z22, z23) ∧ evening(z23) ∧ :snt2(z0, z24) ∧ decide-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z25) ∧ government-organization(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z25) ∧ govern-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ city(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z28) ∧ impose-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z25) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ restrict-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ traffic(z30) ∧ :mod(z29, z31) ∧ round-the-clock(z31) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z32) ∧ car(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z32) ∧ private-03(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z32) ∧ have-03(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ and(z35) ∧ :op1(z35, z36) ∧ number(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ single-02(z37) ∧ :op2(z35, z38) ∧ number(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z38) ∧ even-02(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z28) ∧ mean-01(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z41) ∧ and(z41) ∧ :op1(z41, z42) ∧ allow-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ travel-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z44) ∧ car(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z44) ∧ :mod(z44, z45) ∧ number(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ odd(z46) ∧ :mod(z44, z47) ∧ only(z47) ∧ :time(z43, z48) ∧ day(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z48) ∧ number-01(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ odd(z50) ∧ :op2(z41, z51) ∧ allow-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z52) ∧ travel-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ car(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z53) ∧ :mod(z53, z54) ∧ even(z54) ∧ :time(z52, z55) ∧ day(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z55) ∧ :op3(z41, z56) ∧ allow-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ travel-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z53) ∧ :time(z57, z58) ∧ day(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z58) ∧ :purpose(z24, z59) ∧ solve-01(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z59, z25) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ problem(z60) ∧ :mod(z60, z61) ∧ this(z61)


After winning the Nobel Prize for Literature, Marquez can still write A Pre-publicized Murder such a tightly narrated and fascinating story, a truly tragic work, it is really surprising.

Question: Which of the followings is an assumption on which the above comment is based?

Choices:
- Marquez wrote many excellent works before winning the Nobel Prize for Literature.
- After the writer wins the Nobel Prize for literature, all his works will be surprising.
- After the Nobel Prize for Literature, Márquez's writing is still quite fascinating.
- Writers can hardly write compelling works after winning the Nobel Prize for Literature.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / possible-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / write-01
                        :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                  :wiki "Gabriel_García_Marquez"
                                  :name (z4 / name
                                            :op1 "Marquez"))
                        :ARG1 (z5 / book
                                  :wiki "A_Thousand_Hours"
                                  :name (z6 / name
                                            :op1 "A"
                                            :op2 "Pre-publicized"
                                            :op3 "Murder")
                                  :mod (z7 / story
                                           :ARG1-of (z8 / narrate-01
                                                        :ARG1-of (z9 / tight-05))
                                           :ARG0-of (z10 / fascinate-01)
                                           :mod (z11 / tragic
                                                     :degree (z12 / truly))))
                        :mod (z13 / still))
              :time (z14 / after
                         :op1 (z15 / win-01
                                   :ARG0 z3
                                   :ARG1 (z16 / award
                                              :wiki "Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Literature"
                                              :name (z17 / name
                                                         :op1 "Nobel"
                                                         :op2 "Prize"
                                                         :op3 "for"
                                                         :op4 "Literature")))))
    :snt2 (z18 / surprise-01
               :ARG0 (z19 / it)
               :degree (z20 / really))
    :snt3 (z21 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z22 / write-01
                          :ARG0 (z23 / person
                                     :wiki "Gabriel_García_Marquez"
                                     :name (z24 / name
                                                :op1 "Marquez"))
                          :ARG1 (z25 / book
                                     :wiki "A_Thousand_Hours"
                                     :name (z26 / name
                                                :op1 "A"
                                                :op2 "Thousand"
                                                :op3 "Hours")
                                     :mod (z27 / story
                                               :ARG1-of (z28 / narrate-01
                                                             :ARG1-of (z29 / tight-05))
                                               :mod (z30 / such)))
                          :time (z31 / after
                                     :op1 (z32 / win-01
                                               :ARG0 z23
                                               :ARG1 (z33 / award
                                                          :wiki "Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Literature"
                                                          :name (z34 / name
                                                                     :op1 "Nobel"
                                                                     :op2 "Prize"
                                                                     :op3 "for"
                                                                     :op4 "Literature"))))))
    :snt1 (z35 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z36 / write-01
                          :ARG0 (z37 / person
                                     :wiki "Gabriel_García_Marquez"
                                     :name (z38 / name
                                                :op1 "Marquez"))
                          :ARG1 (z39 / book
                                     :wiki "A_Thousand_Hours"
                                     :name (z40 / name
                                                :op1 "A"
                                                :op2 "Thousand"
                                                :op3 "Hours")
                                     :mod (z41 / story
                                               :ARG1-of (z42 / narrate-01
                                                             :ARG1-of (z43 / tight-05))
                                               :ARG0-of (z44 / fascinate-01)
                                               :mod (z45 / such))
                                     :mod (z46 / still))))
    :snt2 (z47 / seem-01
               :ARG1 (z48 / surprise-01
                          :ARG0 (z49 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 (z50 / it)
                                     :mod (z51 / tragic
                                               :degree (z52 / truly))))
               :degree (z53 / really)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ possible-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ write-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, "Gabriel_García_Marquez") ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "Marquez") ∧ :ARG1(z2, z5) ∧ book(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, "A_Thousand_Hours") ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "A") ∧ :op2(z6, "Pre-publicized") ∧ :op3(z6, "Murder") ∧ :mod(z5, z7) ∧ story(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ narrate-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ tight-05(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z7) ∧ fascinate-01(z10) ∧ :mod(z7, z11) ∧ tragic(z11) ∧ :degree(z11, z12) ∧ truly(z12) ∧ :mod(z2, z13) ∧ still(z13) ∧ :time(z1, z14) ∧ after(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, z15) ∧ win-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ award(z16) ∧ :wiki(z16, "Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Literature") ∧ :name(z16, z17) ∧ name(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, "Nobel") ∧ :op2(z17, "Prize") ∧ :op3(z17, "for") ∧ :op4(z17, "Literature") ∧ :snt2(z0, z18) ∧ surprise-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ it(z19) ∧ :degree(z18, z20) ∧ really(z20) ∧ :snt3(z0, z21) ∧ possible-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ write-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ person(z23) ∧ :wiki(z23, "Gabriel_García_Marquez") ∧ :name(z23, z24) ∧ name(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, "Marquez") ∧ :ARG1(z22, z25) ∧ book(z25) ∧ :wiki(z25, "A_Thousand_Hours") ∧ :name(z25, z26) ∧ name(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, "A") ∧ :op2(z26, "Thousand") ∧ :op3(z26, "Hours") ∧ :mod(z25, z27) ∧ story(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ narrate-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z28) ∧ tight-05(z29) ∧ :mod(z27, z30) ∧ such(z30) ∧ :time(z22, z31) ∧ after(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ win-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ award(z33) ∧ :wiki(z33, "Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Literature") ∧ :name(z33, z34) ∧ name(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, "Nobel") ∧ :op2(z34, "Prize") ∧ :op3(z34, "for") ∧ :op4(z34, "Literature") ∧ :snt1(z0, z35) ∧ possible-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ write-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z37) ∧ person(z37) ∧ :wiki(z37, "Gabriel_García_Marquez") ∧ :name(z37, z38) ∧ name(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, "Marquez") ∧ :ARG1(z36, z39) ∧ book(z39) ∧ :wiki(z39, "A_Thousand_Hours") ∧ :name(z39, z40) ∧ name(z40) ∧ :op1(z40, "A") ∧ :op2(z40, "Thousand") ∧ :op3(z40, "Hours") ∧ :mod(z39, z41) ∧ story(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ narrate-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ tight-05(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z41) ∧ fascinate-01(z44) ∧ :mod(z41, z45) ∧ such(z45) ∧ :mod(z39, z46) ∧ still(z46) ∧ :snt2(z0, z47) ∧ seem-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ surprise-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z49) ∧ work-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z50) ∧ it(z50) ∧ :mod(z49, z51) ∧ tragic(z51) ∧ :degree(z51, z52) ∧ truly(z52) ∧ :degree(z47, z53) ∧ really(z53)


The stems of trees and the stems of many plants usually contain a large amount of lignin that is difficult to decompose, so the efficiency of using them to extract bio-fuels will be greatly reduced. At present, people have discovered a kind of bacteria called Rhodococcus. It has the ability to decompose lignin in wood and other plants. Therefore, it is believed that Rhodococcus can be widely used in mostly discarded stalks, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of bio-fuels.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- Rhodococcus can secrete an enzyme that has the ability to decompose lignin, and it seems that its secretion ability shows periodic interaction.
- Some fungi also have the ability to decompose lignin. Studies have found that the growth of these fungi requires a specific temperature and humidity.
- Rhodococcus is easy to cultivate. At present, the gene sequencing of Rhodococcus has been completed, so Rhodococcus can be used to produce enzymes that decompose lignin on a large scale.
- Lignin is a high-quality polymer material. So far, more than 95% of the essential elements are directly discharged into rivers or concentrated and burned, and they are rarely used effectively.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / contain-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / and
                        :op1 (z3 / stem
                                 :part-of (z4 / tree))
                        :op2 (z5 / stem
                                 :part-of (z6 / plant
                                              :quant (z7 / many))))
              :ARG1 (z8 / amount
                        :mod (z9 / large)
                        :quant-of (z10 / lignin
                                       :ARG1-of (z11 / decompose-01
                                                     :ARG1-of (z12 / hard-02))))
              :mod (z13 / usual)
              :ARG0-of (z14 / cause-01
                            :ARG1 (z15 / reduce-01
                                       :ARG1 (z16 / efficient-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z17 / use-01
                                                             :ARG1 z2
                                                             :ARG2 (z18 / extract-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z19 / bio-fuels)
                                                                        :ARG2 z2)))
                                       :degree (z20 / great))))
    :snt2 (z21 / discover-01
               :ARG0 (z22 / person)
               :ARG1 (z23 / bacterium
                          :wiki "Taxodium_distichum"
                          :name (z24 / name
                                     :op1 "Rhodococcus")
                          :mod (z25 / kind))
               :time (z26 / present))
    :snt3 (z27 / capable-01
               :ARG1 (z28 / it)
               :ARG2 (z29 / decompose-01
                          :ARG0 z28
                          :ARG1 (z30 / lignin)
                          :location (z31 / and
                                         :op1 (z32 / wood)
                                         :op2 (z33 / plant
                                                   :mod (z34 / other)))))
    :snt4 (z35 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z36 / believe-01
                          :ARG1 (z37 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z38 / use-01
                                                :ARG1 (z39 / bacterium
                                                           :wiki "Taxodium_distichum"
                                                           :name (z40 / name
                                                                      :op1 "Rhodococcus"))
                                                :ARG2 (z41 / stalk
                                                           :ARG1-of (z42 / discard-01)
                                                           :quant (z43 / most))
                                                :ARG1-of (z44 / wide-02)))
                          :ARG0-of (z45 / cause-01
                                        :ARG1 (z46 / improve-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z47 / rate
                                                              :mod (z48 / utilize-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z49 / bio-fuels)))
                                                   :degree (z50 / great))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ contain-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ and(z2) ∧ :op1(z2, z3) ∧ stem(z3) ∧ :part(z4, z3) ∧ tree(z4) ∧ :op2(z2, z5) ∧ stem(z5) ∧ :part(z6, z5) ∧ plant(z6) ∧ :quant(z6, z7) ∧ many(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z8) ∧ amount(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ large(z9) ∧ :quant(z10, z8) ∧ lignin(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ decompose-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ hard-02(z12) ∧ :mod(z1, z13) ∧ usual(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z1) ∧ cause-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ reduce-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ efficient-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ use-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z18) ∧ extract-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ bio-fuels(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z2) ∧ :degree(z15, z20) ∧ great(z20) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ discover-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ person(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z23) ∧ bacterium(z23) ∧ :wiki(z23, "Taxodium_distichum") ∧ :name(z23, z24) ∧ name(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, "Rhodococcus") ∧ :mod(z23, z25) ∧ kind(z25) ∧ :time(z21, z26) ∧ present(z26) ∧ :snt3(z0, z27) ∧ capable-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ it(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z29) ∧ decompose-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ lignin(z30) ∧ :location(z29, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ wood(z32) ∧ :op2(z31, z33) ∧ plant(z33) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ other(z34) ∧ :snt4(z0, z35) ∧ cause-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ believe-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ possible-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ use-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ bacterium(z39) ∧ :wiki(z39, "Taxodium_distichum") ∧ :name(z39, z40) ∧ name(z40) ∧ :op1(z40, "Rhodococcus") ∧ :ARG2(z38, z41) ∧ stalk(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ discard-01(z42) ∧ :quant(z41, z43) ∧ most(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z38) ∧ wide-02(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z36) ∧ cause-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ improve-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ rate(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z48) ∧ utilize-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ bio-fuels(z49) ∧ :degree(z46, z50) ∧ great(z50)


At present, Tamil, a specific drug for bird flu, has not been registered by the Ministry of Health in Vietnam, so it is difficult to circulate widely in Vietnam.

Question: Which of the following options is the meaning of this sentence?

Choices:
- There is a shortage of drugs to treat bird flu in Vietnam.
- There is no medicine for bird flu in Vietnam.
- It will take some time for bird flu specific drugs to circulate widely in Vietnam.
- The Ministry of Health of Vietnam should register Tami fluorocarbons as soon as possible.

(z0 / cause-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / register-02
              :polarity -
              :ARG0 (z2 / government-organization
                        :wiki "Ministry_of_Health_(V3000 / Vietnam)"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Ministry"
                                  :op2 "of"
                                  :op3 "Health")
                        :mod (z4 / country
                                 :wiki "Vietnam"
                                 :name (z5 / name
                                           :op1 "Vietnam")))
              :ARG1 (z6 / drug
                        :wiki "Live_attenuated_influenza_vaccine"
                        :name (z7 / name
                                  :op1 "Tamil")
                        :ARG1-of (z8 / specific-02
                                     :ARG2 (z9 / disease
                                               :wiki "Avian_influenza"
                                               :name (z10 / name
                                                          :op1 "bird"
                                                          :op2 "flu"))))
              :time (z11 / present))
    :ARG1 (z12 / difficult
               :domain (z13 / circulate-01
                            :ARG1 z6
                            :ARG1-of (z14 / wide-02)
                            :location z4))
    :ARG1-of (z15 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z16 / register-02
                             :polarity -
                             :ARG0 z2
                             :ARG1 (z17 / drug
                                        :wiki "Live_attenuated_influenza_vaccine"
                                        :name (z18 / name
                                                   :op1 "Tamil")
                                        :ARG1-of (z19 / specific-02
                                                      :ARG2 z9))
                             :time z11)))

cause-01(z0) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ register-02(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ government-organization(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Ministry_of_Health_(V3000 / Vietnam)") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Ministry") ∧ :op2(z3, "of") ∧ :op3(z3, "Health") ∧ :mod(z2, z4) ∧ country(z4) ∧ :wiki(z4, "Vietnam") ∧ :name(z4, z5) ∧ name(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, "Vietnam") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ drug(z6) ∧ :wiki(z6, "Live_attenuated_influenza_vaccine") ∧ :name(z6, z7) ∧ name(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, "Tamil") ∧ :ARG1(z8, z6) ∧ specific-02(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z8, z9) ∧ disease(z9) ∧ :wiki(z9, "Avian_influenza") ∧ :name(z9, z10) ∧ name(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, "bird") ∧ :op2(z10, "flu") ∧ :time(z1, z11) ∧ present(z11)) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z12) ∧ difficult(z12) ∧ :domain(z12, z13) ∧ circulate-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z6) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ wide-02(z14) ∧ :location(z13, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z0) ∧ cause-01(z15) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ register-02(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ drug(z17) ∧ :wiki(z17, "Live_attenuated_influenza_vaccine") ∧ :name(z17, z18) ∧ name(z18) ∧ :op1(z18, "Tamil") ∧ :ARG1(z19, z17) ∧ specific-02(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z9) ∧ :time(z16, z11))


The Canadian elk has traditionally been limited in its geographic range by the presence of elderberries, its primary source of food, which only grow up until a certain point in the tundra. A recent rise in temperatures, however, has seen a spread in the growth of elderberries northwards into the tundra. Ttherefore, the overall range of the Canadian elk can be expected to increase.

Question: Which of the following, if true, best casts doubt on the argument?

Choices:
- The grizzly bear, the Canadian elk's primary predator, has also started moving north into the tundra.
- During the summer months, many Canadian elk are hunted both for sport and for their meat.
- The permafrost, the region above the tundra, in which the temperatures never reach above freezing, will unlikely see elderberry growth.
- Increasing temperatures have created conditions too warm for elderberry growth in the southern half of the Canadian elk's traditional territory.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / limit-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / present-02
                        :ARG1 (z3 / elderberry
                                  :ARG2-of (z4 / source-02
                                               :ARG0 (z17 / geographic)
                                               :ARG1 (z5 / food)
                                               :mod (z6 / primary))
                                  :ARG1-of (z7 / grow-up-04
                                               :mod (z8 / only)
                                               :time (z9 / until
                                                         :op1 (z10 / point
                                                                   :mod (z11 / certain)
                                                                   :location (z12 / tundra)))))
                        :ARG2 (z13 / elk
                                   :mod (z14 / country
                                             :wiki "Canada"
                                             :name (z15 / name
                                                        :op1 "Canada"))))
              :ARG1 (z16 / range-01
                         :ARG1 z13
                         :mod z17)
              :mod (z18 / tradition))
    :snt2 (z19 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z20 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z21 / expect-01
                                     :ARG1 (z22 / increase-01
                                                :ARG1 (z23 / range-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z24 / elk
                                                                      :mod (z25 / country
                                                                                :wiki "Canada"
                                                                                :name (z26 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Canada")))
                                                           :mod (z27 / overall))))))
    :snt3 (z28 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z29 / see-01
                          :ARG0 (z30 / rise-01
                                     :ARG1 (z31 / temperature)
                                     :time (z32 / recent))
                          :ARG1 (z33 / spread-02
                                     :ARG1 (z34 / grow-01
                                                :ARG1 (z35 / elderberry))
                                     :direction (z36 / north)
                                     :destination (z37 / tundra))))
    :snt4 (z38 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z39 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z40 / expect-01
                                     :ARG1 (z41 / increase-01
                                                :ARG1 (z42 / range-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z43 / elk
                                                                      :mod (z44 / country
                                                                                :wiki "Canada"
                                                                                :name (z45 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Canada")))
                                                           :mod (z46 / overall)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ limit-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ present-02(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ elderberry(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z3) ∧ source-02(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z17) ∧ geographic(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ food(z5) ∧ :mod(z4, z6) ∧ primary(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z3) ∧ grow-up-04(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ only(z8) ∧ :time(z7, z9) ∧ until(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ point(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ certain(z11) ∧ :location(z10, z12) ∧ tundra(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z13) ∧ elk(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ country(z14) ∧ :wiki(z14, "Canada") ∧ :name(z14, z15) ∧ name(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, "Canada") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z16) ∧ range-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z13) ∧ :mod(z16, z17) ∧ :mod(z1, z18) ∧ tradition(z18) ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ cause-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ possible-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ expect-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ increase-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ range-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ elk(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ country(z25) ∧ :wiki(z25, "Canada") ∧ :name(z25, z26) ∧ name(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, "Canada") ∧ :mod(z23, z27) ∧ overall(z27) ∧ :snt3(z0, z28) ∧ contrast-01(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ see-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ rise-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ temperature(z31) ∧ :time(z30, z32) ∧ recent(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z33) ∧ spread-02(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ grow-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ elderberry(z35) ∧ :direction(z33, z36) ∧ north(z36) ∧ :destination(z33, z37) ∧ tundra(z37) ∧ :snt4(z0, z38) ∧ cause-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ possible-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ expect-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ increase-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ range-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ elk(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z44) ∧ country(z44) ∧ :wiki(z44, "Canada") ∧ :name(z44, z45) ∧ name(z45) ∧ :op1(z45, "Canada") ∧ :mod(z42, z46) ∧ overall(z46)


The household registration of students in a primary school in S City is quite complicated. All the third-grade students are registered in this city, some second-grade students are also registered in this city, and some first-grade students are the children of migrant workers, while the household registration of the children of migrant workers is not in this city.

Question: Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the following is correct?

Choices:
- All second-year students are not children of migrant workers
- Some children of migrant workers are third grade students
- Some students with household registration in this city are third-grade students
- Some first-grade students are not children of migrant workers

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / complicate-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / register-02
                        :ARG1 (z3 / person
                                  :ARG0-of (z4 / study-01))
                        :ARG2 (z5 / household)
                        :location (z6 / school
                                      :mod (z7 / primary)
                                      :location (z8 / city
                                                    :wiki "São_Paulo"
                                                    :name (z9 / name
                                                              :op1 "S"
                                                              :op2 "City"))))
              :degree (z10 / quite))
    :snt2 (z11 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z12 / and
                          :op1 (z13 / register-02
                                    :ARG1 (z14 / person
                                               :ARG0-of (z15 / study-01)
                                               :mod (z16 / grade
                                                         :ord (z17 / ordinal-entity
                                                                   :value 3))
                                               :mod (z18 / all))
                                    :location (z19 / city
                                                   :mod (z20 / this)))
                          :op2 (z21 / register-02
                                    :ARG1 (z22 / person
                                               :ARG0-of (z23 / study-01)
                                               :mod (z24 / grade
                                                         :ord (z25 / ordinal-entity
                                                                   :value 2))
                                               :quant (z26 / some))
                                    :location z19
                                    :mod (z27 / also))
                          :op3 (z28 / have-rel-role-91
                                    :ARG0 (z29 / person
                                               :ARG0-of (z30 / study-01)
                                               :mod (z31 / grade
                                                         :ord (z32 / ordinal-entity
                                                                   :value 1))
                                               :quant (z33 / some))
                                    :ARG1 (z34 / person
                                               :ARG0-of (z35 / work-01
                                                             :ARG0-of (z36 / migrate-01)))
                                    :ARG2 (z37 / child))
                          :op4 (z38 / be-located-at-91
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 (z39 / register-02
                                               :ARG1 (z40 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z41 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                        :ARG1 (z42 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z43 / work-01
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z44 / migrate-01)))
                                                                        :ARG2 (z45 / child)))
                                               :ARG2 (z46 / household))
                                    :ARG2 z19))
               :ARG2 (z47 / be-located-at-91
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z48 / register-02
                                     :ARG1 (z49 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z50 / have-rel-role-91
                                                              :ARG1 z42
                                                              :ARG2 (z51 / child)))
                                     :ARG2 z46)
                          :ARG2 z19))
    :snt3 (z52 / age-01
               :ARG2 (z53 / temporal-quantity
                          :quant 1
                          :unit (z54 / year))
               :ARG4 (z55 / age-01
                          :ARG2 (z56 / temporal-quantity
                                     :quant 1
                                     :unit (z57 / year)))
               :location (z58 / city
                              :mod (z59 / this)))
    :snt4 (z60 / register-02
               :ARG1 (z61 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z62 / study-01)
                          :mod (z63 / grade
                                    :ord (z64 / ordinal-entity
                                              :value 2)))
               :ARG2 (z65 / city
                          :mod (z66 / this))
               :mod (z67 / also))
    :snt5 (z68 / complicate-01
               :ARG1 (z69 / register-02
                          :ARG1 (z70 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z71 / study-01)
                                     :location (z72 / school
                                                    :mod (z73 / primary)
                                                    :location (z74 / city
                                                                   :wiki "São_Paulo"
                                                                   :name (z75 / name
                                                                              :op1 "S"
                                                                              :op2 "City"))))
                          :ARG2 (z76 / household))
               :degree (z77 / quite))
    :snt6 (z78 / register-02
               :ARG1 (z79 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z80 / study-01)
                          :mod (z81 / grade
                                    :ord (z82 / ordinal-entity
                                              :value 3)))
               :ARG2 (z83 / household)
               :location (z84 / city
                              :mod (z85 / this)))
    :snt7 (z86 / register-02
               :ARG1 (z87 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z88 / study-01)
                          :mod (z89 / grade
                                    :ord (z90 / ordinal-entity
                                              :value 1)))
               :ARG2 (z91 / child)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ complicate-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ register-02(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ study-01(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z5) ∧ household(z5) ∧ :location(z2, z6) ∧ school(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ primary(z7) ∧ :location(z6, z8) ∧ city(z8) ∧ :wiki(z8, "São_Paulo") ∧ :name(z8, z9) ∧ name(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, "S") ∧ :op2(z9, "City") ∧ :degree(z1, z10) ∧ quite(z10) ∧ :snt2(z0, z11) ∧ contrast-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ and(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ register-02(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ person(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z14) ∧ study-01(z15) ∧ :mod(z14, z16) ∧ grade(z16) ∧ :ord(z16, z17) ∧ ordinal-entity(z17) ∧ :value(z17, 3) ∧ :mod(z14, z18) ∧ all(z18) ∧ :location(z13, z19) ∧ city(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ this(z20) ∧ :op2(z12, z21) ∧ register-02(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ person(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z22) ∧ study-01(z23) ∧ :mod(z22, z24) ∧ grade(z24) ∧ :ord(z24, z25) ∧ ordinal-entity(z25) ∧ :value(z25, 2) ∧ :quant(z22, z26) ∧ some(z26) ∧ :location(z21, z19) ∧ :mod(z21, z27) ∧ also(z27) ∧ :op3(z12, z28) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ person(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z29) ∧ study-01(z30) ∧ :mod(z29, z31) ∧ grade(z31) ∧ :ord(z31, z32) ∧ ordinal-entity(z32) ∧ :value(z32, 1) ∧ :quant(z29, z33) ∧ some(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z34) ∧ person(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ work-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z35) ∧ migrate-01(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z37) ∧ child(z37) ∧ ¬(:op4(z12, z38) ∧ be-located-at-91(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ register-02(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ person(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z40) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ person(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z42) ∧ work-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z43) ∧ migrate-01(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z45) ∧ child(z45) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z46) ∧ household(z46) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z19)) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z11, z47) ∧ be-located-at-91(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ register-02(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ person(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z49) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z42) ∧ :ARG2(z50, z51) ∧ child(z51) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z46) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z19)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z52) ∧ age-01(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z53) ∧ temporal-quantity(z53) ∧ :quant(z53, 1) ∧ :unit(z53, z54) ∧ year(z54) ∧ :ARG4(z52, z55) ∧ age-01(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z56) ∧ temporal-quantity(z56) ∧ :quant(z56, 1) ∧ :unit(z56, z57) ∧ year(z57) ∧ :location(z52, z58) ∧ city(z58) ∧ :mod(z58, z59) ∧ this(z59) ∧ :snt4(z0, z60) ∧ register-02(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ person(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z62, z61) ∧ study-01(z62) ∧ :mod(z61, z63) ∧ grade(z63) ∧ :ord(z63, z64) ∧ ordinal-entity(z64) ∧ :value(z64, 2) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z65) ∧ city(z65) ∧ :mod(z65, z66) ∧ this(z66) ∧ :mod(z60, z67) ∧ also(z67) ∧ :snt5(z0, z68) ∧ complicate-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ register-02(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ person(z70) ∧ :ARG0(z71, z70) ∧ study-01(z71) ∧ :location(z70, z72) ∧ school(z72) ∧ :mod(z72, z73) ∧ primary(z73) ∧ :location(z72, z74) ∧ city(z74) ∧ :wiki(z74, "São_Paulo") ∧ :name(z74, z75) ∧ name(z75) ∧ :op1(z75, "S") ∧ :op2(z75, "City") ∧ :ARG2(z69, z76) ∧ household(z76) ∧ :degree(z68, z77) ∧ quite(z77) ∧ :snt6(z0, z78) ∧ register-02(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ person(z79) ∧ :ARG0(z80, z79) ∧ study-01(z80) ∧ :mod(z79, z81) ∧ grade(z81) ∧ :ord(z81, z82) ∧ ordinal-entity(z82) ∧ :value(z82, 3) ∧ :ARG2(z78, z83) ∧ household(z83) ∧ :location(z78, z84) ∧ city(z84) ∧ :mod(z84, z85) ∧ this(z85) ∧ :snt7(z0, z86) ∧ register-02(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z87) ∧ person(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z88, z87) ∧ study-01(z88) ∧ :mod(z87, z89) ∧ grade(z89) ∧ :ord(z89, z90) ∧ ordinal-entity(z90) ∧ :value(z90, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z86, z91) ∧ child(z91)