Only computer scientists understand the architecture of personal computers, and only those who understand the architecture of personal computers appreciate the advances in technology made in the last decade. It follows that only those who appreciate these advances are computer scientists.

Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning in the argument?

Choices:
- The premises of the argument are stated in such a way that they exclude the possibility of drawing any logical conclusion.
- The argument ignores the fact that some computer scientists may not appreciate the advances in technology made in the last decade.
- The argument contains no stated or implied relationship between computer scientists and those who appreciate the advances in technology in the last decade.
- The premises of the argument presuppose that everyone understands the architecture of personal computers.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / understand-01
                       :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                 :ARG0-of (z4 / have-org-role-91
                                              :ARG2 (z5 / scientist
                                                        :mod (z6 / computer)))
                                 :mod (z7 / only))
                       :ARG1 (z8 / architecture
                                 :poss (z9 / computer
                                           :ARG1-of (z10 / personal-02))))
              :op2 (z11 / appreciate-02
                        :ARG0 (z12 / person
                                   :ARG0-of (z13 / understand-01
                                                 :ARG1 z8)
                                   :mod (z14 / only))
                        :ARG1 (z15 / advance-01
                                   :ARG1 (z16 / technology)
                                   :ARG1-of (z17 / make-01
                                                 :time (z18 / before
                                                            :op1 (z19 / now)
                                                            :duration (z20 / temporal-quantity
                                                                           :quant 1
                                                                           :unit (z21 / decade)))))))
    :snt2 (z22 / follow-01
               :ARG1 (z23 / scientist
                          :mod (z24 / computer)
                          :domain (z25 / person
                                       :ARG0-of (z26 / appreciate-02
                                                     :ARG1 (z27 / advance-01
                                                                :mod (z28 / this)))
                                       :mod (z29 / only))))
    :snt3 (z30 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z31 / ceremony
                          :mod (z32 / sign-01))
               :direction (z33 / out)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ understand-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ have-org-role-91(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ scientist(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ computer(z6) ∧ :mod(z3, z7) ∧ only(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z8) ∧ architecture(z8) ∧ :poss(z8, z9) ∧ computer(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ personal-02(z10) ∧ :op2(z1, z11) ∧ appreciate-02(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z12) ∧ person(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z12) ∧ understand-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z8) ∧ :mod(z12, z14) ∧ only(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z15) ∧ advance-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ technology(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z15) ∧ make-01(z17) ∧ :time(z17, z18) ∧ before(z18) ∧ :op1(z18, z19) ∧ now(z19) ∧ :duration(z18, z20) ∧ temporal-quantity(z20) ∧ :quant(z20, 1) ∧ :unit(z20, z21) ∧ decade(z21) ∧ :snt2(z0, z22) ∧ follow-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ scientist(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ computer(z24) ∧ :domain(z23, z25) ∧ person(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z25) ∧ appreciate-02(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ advance-01(z27) ∧ :mod(z27, z28) ∧ this(z28) ∧ :mod(z25, z29) ∧ only(z29) ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ go-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ ceremony(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ sign-01(z32) ∧ :direction(z30, z33) ∧ out(z33)


Insurance risk refers to the uncertainty about the outcome of an event under certain circumstances. In probabilistic terms, uncertainty is defined as the probability of the outcome of an event being between zero and one, when the probability of the outcome of an event being zero or one. It means that the event is certain to occur or certain not to occur, and therefore, there is no risk.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following is true?

Choices:
- When the probability of an event occurring as a result is zero, the event is determined not to occur.
- When the probability of an event occurring as a result is one, it means that the event has occurred.
- When the probability of an event occurring as a result is zero , the event must occur.
- The probability of the risk must be zero or one.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / risk-01
                        :ARG2 (z3 / insure-02))
              :ARG2 (z4 / certainty
                        :polarity -
                        :topic (z5 / outcome
                                   :poss (z6 / event)
                                   :condition (z7 / circumstance
                                                  :mod (z8 / certain)))))
    :snt2 (z9 / define-01
              :ARG1 (z10 / certainty
                         :polarity -)
              :ARG2 (z11 / probability
                         :quant-of (z12 / outcome
                                        :poss (z13 / event))
                         :quant (z14 / between
                                     :op1 0
                                     :op2 1))
              :manner (z15 / term
                           :mod (z16 / probability)
                           :mod (z17 / probability)))
    :snt3 (z18 / mean-01
               :ARG1 (z19 / it)
               :ARG2 (z20 / mean-01
                          :ARG1 z19
                          :ARG2 (z21 / or
                                     :op1 (z22 / certain
                                               :domain (z23 / event))
                                     :op2 (z24 / certain
                                               :polarity -
                                               :domain z23))
                          :ARG0-of (z25 / cause-01
                                        :ARG1 (z26 / risk-01
                                                   :polarity -))))
    :snt4 (z27 / break-heart-31
               :time (z28 / stop-01))
    :snt5 (z29 / define-01
               :ARG1 (z30 / certainty
                          :polarity -)
               :ARG2 (z31 / probability
                          :quant-of (z32 / outcome
                                         :poss (z33 / event))
                          :quant (z34 / between
                                      :op1 0
                                      :op2 1)))
    :snt6 (z35 / probability
               :quant-of (z36 / outcome
                              :poss (z37 / event))
               :quant (z38 / or
                           :op1 0
                           :op2 1))
    :snt7 (z39 / term
               :mod (z40 / probability)
               :mod (z41 / probability)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ risk-01(z2) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z3) ∧ insure-02(z3) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ certainty(z4) ∧ :topic(z4, z5) ∧ :condition(z5, z7) ∧ circumstance(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ certain(z8) ∧ outcome(z5) ∧ :poss(z5, z6) ∧ event(z6)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ define-01(z9) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ certainty(z10)) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z11) ∧ probability(z11) ∧ :quant(z12, z11) ∧ outcome(z12) ∧ :poss(z12, z13) ∧ event(z13) ∧ :quant(z11, z14) ∧ between(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, 0) ∧ :op2(z14, 1) ∧ :manner(z9, z15) ∧ term(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ probability(z16) ∧ :mod(z15, z17) ∧ probability(z17) ∧ :snt3(z0, z18) ∧ mean-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ it(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z20) ∧ mean-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z21) ∧ or(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ certain(z22) ∧ :domain(z22, z23) ∧ event(z23) ∧ ¬(:op2(z21, z24) ∧ certain(z24) ∧ :domain(z24, z23)) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z20) ∧ cause-01(z25) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ risk-01(z26)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z27) ∧ break-heart-31(z27) ∧ :time(z27, z28) ∧ stop-01(z28) ∧ :snt5(z0, z29) ∧ define-01(z29) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ certainty(z30)) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z31) ∧ probability(z31) ∧ :quant(z32, z31) ∧ outcome(z32) ∧ :poss(z32, z33) ∧ event(z33) ∧ :quant(z31, z34) ∧ between(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, 0) ∧ :op2(z34, 1) ∧ :snt6(z0, z35) ∧ probability(z35) ∧ :quant(z36, z35) ∧ outcome(z36) ∧ :poss(z36, z37) ∧ event(z37) ∧ :quant(z35, z38) ∧ or(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, 0) ∧ :op2(z38, 1) ∧ :snt7(z0, z39) ∧ term(z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ probability(z40) ∧ :mod(z39, z41) ∧ probability(z41)


The coach of a national football team found that the best cooperation characteristics of players U, V, W, X, Y and Z in the process of training are: (1) V and X cannot both be on the field or not on the field. (2) only U is not on the field, V is not on the field. (3) if W is on the field, X should also be on the field. (4) if Y and Z are on the field, W must also be on the field.

Question: So, if U and Z are on the court, in order to maintain the best cooperation between players, which of the followings can be introduced  being true??

Choices:
- X is on the court and Y is not on the court
- V is on the court and Y is not on the court
- V and W are on the court
- Neither V nor Y is on the court

(z0 / find-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / person
              :ARG0-of (z2 / coach-01
                           :ARG1 (z3 / team
                                     :mod (z4 / football)
                                     :mod (z5 / nation))))
    :ARG1 (z6 / characteristic-02
              :ARG1 (z7 / and
                        :op1 (z8 / person
                                 :wiki -
                                 :name (z9 / name
                                           :op1 "U"))
                        :op2 (z10 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z11 / name
                                             :op1 "V"))
                        :op3 (z12 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z13 / name
                                             :op1 "W"))
                        :op4 (z14 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z15 / name
                                             :op1 "X"))
                        :op5 (z16 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z17 / name
                                             :op1 "Y"))
                        :op6 (z18 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z19 / name
                                             :op1 "Z"))
                        :op7 (z20 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z21 / name
                                             :op1 "Z"))
                        :ARG0-of (z22 / play-01)
                        :op8 (z23 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z24 / name
                                             :op1 "V"))
                        :op9 (z25 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z26 / name
                                             :op1 "X"))
                        :op10 (z27 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z28 / name
                                              :op1 "V"))
                        :op11 (z29 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z30 / name
                                              :op1 "X"))
                        :op12 (z31 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z32 / name
                                              :op1 "Z"))
                        :op13 (z33 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z34 / name
                                              :op1 "Y"))
                        :op14 (z35 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z36 / name
                                              :op1 "Z"))
                        :op15 (z37 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z38 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op16 (z39 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z40 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op17 (z41 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z42 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op18 (z43 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z44 / name
                                              :op1 "Y"))
                        :op19 (z45 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z46 / name
                                              :op1 "Z"))
                        :op20 (z47 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z48 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op21 (z49 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z50 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op22 (z51 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z52 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op23 (z53 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z54 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op24 (z55 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z56 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op25 (z57 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z58 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op26 (z59 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z60 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op27 (z61 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z62 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op28 (z63 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z64 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op31 (z65 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z66 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op32 (z67 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z68 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op33 (z69 / person
                                   :wiki -
                                   :name (z70 / name
                                              :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op34 (z71 / and
                                   :op1 (z72 / possible-01
                                             :polarity -
                                             :li 1
                                             :ARG1 (z73 / or
                                                        :op1 (z74 / be-located-at-91
                                                                  :ARG1 (z75 / or
                                                                             :op1 (z76 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z77 / name
                                                                                :op1 "V")
                                                                                :mod (z78 / only))
                                                                             :op2 (z79 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z80 / name
                                                                                :op1 "V")))
                                                                  :op2 (z81 / person
                                                                            :wiki -
                                                                            :name (z82 / name
                                                                                :op1 "V"))
                                                                  :location (z83 / field))))
                                   :op2 (z84 / recommend-01
                                             :li 2
                                             :ARG1 (z85 / be-located-at-91
                                                        :ARG1 (z86 / person
                                                                   :wiki -
                                                                   :name (z87 / name
                                                                              :op1 "X"))
                                                        :ARG2 (z88 / field)))
                                   :op3 (z89 / recommend-01
                                             :ARG1 (z90 / be-located-at-91
                                                        :ARG1 (z91 / person
                                                                   :wiki -
                                                                   :name (z92 / name
                                                                              :op1 "X"))
                                                        :ARG2 z67
                                                        :mod (z93 / also)))
                                   :op4 (z94 / obligate-01
                                             :li 4
                                             :ARG1 (z95 / be-located-at-91
                                                        :ARG1 (z96 / person
                                                                   :wiki -
                                                                   :name (z97 / name
                                                                              :op1 "W"))
                                                        :ARG2 z67
                                                        :mod (z98 / also)))
                                   :op5 (z1000 / person
                                               :wiki -
                                               :name (z1001 / name
                                                            :op1 "W"))
                                   :op6 (z1002 / person
                                               :wiki -
                                               :name (z1003 / name
                                                            :op1 "Y"))
                                   :op7 (z1004 / person
                                               :wiki -
                                               :name (z1005 / name
                                                            :op1 "Z"))
                                   :op8 "Y"
                                   :op9 (z1006 / person
                                               :wiki -
                                               :name (z1007 / name
                                                            :op1 "Z"))
                                   :op10 "Y"
                                   :op11 "Z")
                        :op12 (z1008 / person
                                     :wiki -
                                     :name (z1009 / name
                                                  :op1 "RUB"))
                        :op13 "Y"
                        :op14 "Z"
                        :op15 (z1010 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z1011 / play-01))
                        :op16 (z99 / process-02
                                   :ARG1 (z100 / train-01))
                        :ARG1-of (z101 / cooperate-01
                                       :ARG0 (z102 / and
                                                   :op1 z8
                                                   :op2 (z103 / person
                                                              :wiki -
                                                              :name (z104 / name
                                                                          :op1 "RUB")
                                                              :op2 (z105 / person
                                                                         :wiki -
                                                                         :name (z106 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Y")
                                                                         :op3 "V"))))
                        :ARG1-of (z1012 / have-degree-91
                                        :ARG2 (z1013 / good-02
                                                     :ARG1 (z107 / and
                                                                 :op1 (z1014 / characterisation
                                                                             :op2 "V"
                                                                             :op3 "Mark")))))))


A, B the editorial department of both newspapers have a special proofreading staff. Last year, there were some written errors in newspaper A, and there were no written errors in newspaper B. Therefore, in last year's proofreading work, the school staff of newspaper B is more effective than the work of the school clerk of newspaper A.

Question: Based on the above conclusions, which of the following options is correct?

Choices:
- The working hours of the proofreader of newspaper B are longer than those of newspaper A
- The number of written errors in the manuscripts received by newspaper A is no less than that of newspaper B
- The number of pages in each issue of newspaper A is less than that of newspaper B
- The number of text errors is the standard to evaluate the effectiveness of proofreaders

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-03
              :ARG0 (z2 / department
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / edit-01)
                        :part-of (z4 / newspaper
                                     :mod (z5 / both)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / person
                        :ARG2-of (z7 / staff-01
                                     :ARG1 (z8 / proofread-01))
                        :ARG1-of (z9 / special-02))
              :topic (z10 / newspaper
                          :mod (z11 / variable
                                    :wiki -
                                    :name (z12 / name
                                               :op1 "B"))))
    :snt2 (z13 / and
               :op1 (z14 / err-01
                         :ARG1-of (z15 / write-01)
                         :quant (z16 / some)
                         :location (z17 / newspaper
                                        :mod (z18 / variable
                                                  :wiki -
                                                  :name (z19 / name
                                                             :op1 "A"))))
               :op2 (z20 / err-01
                         :polarity -
                         :ARG1-of (z21 / write-01)
                         :location (z22 / newspaper
                                        :mod (z23 / variable
                                                  :wiki -
                                                  :name (z24 / name
                                                             :op1 "B"))))
               :time (z25 / year
                          :mod (z26 / last)))
    :snt3 (z27 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z28 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z29 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 (z30 / staff-01
                                                :ARG1 (z31 / newspaper
                                                           :mod (z32 / variable
                                                                     :wiki -
                                                                     :name (z33 / name
                                                                                :op1 "B")))
                                                :mod (z34 / school))
                                     :ARG1 (z35 / proofread-01))
                          :ARG2 (z36 / effective-04
                                     :ARG0 z29)
                          :ARG3 (z37 / more)
                          :ARG4 (z38 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 (z39 / clerk
                                                :mod (z40 / school)
                                                :poss (z41 / newspaper
                                                           :mod (z42 / variable
                                                                     :wiki -
                                                                     :name (z43 / name
                                                                                :op1 "A"))))
                                     :ARG1 z35)
                          :time z25))
    :snt4 (z44 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z45 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z46 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 (z47 / clerk
                                                :mod (z48 / school)
                                                :poss (z49 / newspaper
                                                           :mod (z50 / variable
                                                                     :wiki -
                                                                     :name (z51 / name
                                                                                :op1 "A"))))
                                     :ARG1 (z52 / proofread-01)
                                     :time (z53 / year
                                                :mod (z54 / last)))
                          :ARG2 (z55 / effective-04
                                     :ARG0 z46)
                          :ARG3 (z56 / more)
                          :ARG4 (z57 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 (z58 / clerk
                                                :mod (z59 / school)
                                                :poss z49)
                                     :ARG1 (z60 / proofread-01))))
    :snt5 (z61 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z62 / and
                          :op1 (z63 / err-01
                                    :ARG1 (z64 / newspaper
                                               :mod (z65 / variable
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z66 / name
                                                                    :op1 "A")))
                                    :ARG1-of (z67 / write-01))
                          :op2 (z68 / err-01
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 (z69 / newspaper
                                               :mod (z70 / variable
                                                         :wiki -
                                                         :name (z71 / name
                                                                    :op1 "B")))
                                    :ARG1-of (z72 / write-01))
                          :time (z73 / year
                                     :mod (z74 / last))))
    :snt6 (z75 / have-03
               :ARG0 (z76 / department
                          :ARG0-of (z77 / editorialize-01)
                          :part-of (z78 / and
                                        :op1 (z79 / publication
                                                  :wiki -
                                                  :name (z80 / name
                                                             :op1 "A"))
                                        :op2 (z81 / publication
                                                  :wiki -
                                                  :name (z82 / name
                                                             :op1 "B"))))
               :ARG1 (z83 / person
                          :ARG2-of (z84 / staff-01
                                        :ARG1 (z85 / editor)))
               :ARG0-of (z86 / special-02)
               :ARG0-of (z87 / have-03
                             :ARG1 (z1000 / proofread-01))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-03(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ department(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ edit-01(z3) ∧ :part(z4, z2) ∧ newspaper(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ both(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z6) ∧ staff-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ proofread-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z6) ∧ special-02(z9) ∧ :topic(z1, z10) ∧ newspaper(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ variable(z11) ∧ :wiki(z11, -) ∧ :name(z11, z12) ∧ name(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, "B") ∧ :snt2(z0, z13) ∧ and(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, z14) ∧ err-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ write-01(z15) ∧ :quant(z14, z16) ∧ some(z16) ∧ :location(z14, z17) ∧ newspaper(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ variable(z18) ∧ :wiki(z18, -) ∧ :name(z18, z19) ∧ name(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, "A") ∧ ¬(:op2(z13, z20) ∧ err-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ write-01(z21) ∧ :location(z20, z22) ∧ newspaper(z22) ∧ :mod(z22, z23) ∧ variable(z23) ∧ :wiki(z23, -) ∧ :name(z23, z24) ∧ name(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, "B")) ∧ :time(z13, z25) ∧ year(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ last(z26) ∧ :snt3(z0, z27) ∧ infer-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ have-degree-91(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ work-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ staff-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ newspaper(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ variable(z32) ∧ :wiki(z32, -) ∧ :name(z32, z33) ∧ name(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, "B") ∧ :mod(z30, z34) ∧ school(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z35) ∧ proofread-01(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z36) ∧ effective-04(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z29) ∧ :ARG3(z28, z37) ∧ more(z37) ∧ :ARG4(z28, z38) ∧ work-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ clerk(z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ school(z40) ∧ :poss(z39, z41) ∧ newspaper(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ variable(z42) ∧ :wiki(z42, -) ∧ :name(z42, z43) ∧ name(z43) ∧ :op1(z43, "A") ∧ :ARG1(z38, z35) ∧ :time(z28, z25) ∧ :snt4(z0, z44) ∧ infer-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ have-degree-91(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ work-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z47) ∧ clerk(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z48) ∧ school(z48) ∧ :poss(z47, z49) ∧ newspaper(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ variable(z50) ∧ :wiki(z50, -) ∧ :name(z50, z51) ∧ name(z51) ∧ :op1(z51, "A") ∧ :ARG1(z46, z52) ∧ proofread-01(z52) ∧ :time(z46, z53) ∧ year(z53) ∧ :mod(z53, z54) ∧ last(z54) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z55) ∧ effective-04(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z46) ∧ :ARG3(z45, z56) ∧ more(z56) ∧ :ARG4(z45, z57) ∧ work-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z58) ∧ clerk(z58) ∧ :mod(z58, z59) ∧ school(z59) ∧ :poss(z58, z49) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z60) ∧ proofread-01(z60) ∧ :snt5(z0, z61) ∧ infer-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z62) ∧ and(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, z63) ∧ err-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ newspaper(z64) ∧ :mod(z64, z65) ∧ variable(z65) ∧ :wiki(z65, -) ∧ :name(z65, z66) ∧ name(z66) ∧ :op1(z66, "A") ∧ :ARG1(z67, z63) ∧ write-01(z67) ∧ ¬(:op2(z62, z68) ∧ err-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ newspaper(z69) ∧ :mod(z69, z70) ∧ variable(z70) ∧ :wiki(z70, -) ∧ :name(z70, z71) ∧ name(z71) ∧ :op1(z71, "B") ∧ :ARG1(z72, z68) ∧ write-01(z72)) ∧ :time(z62, z73) ∧ year(z73) ∧ :mod(z73, z74) ∧ last(z74) ∧ :snt6(z0, z75) ∧ have-03(z75) ∧ :ARG0(z75, z76) ∧ department(z76) ∧ :ARG0(z77, z76) ∧ editorialize-01(z77) ∧ :part(z78, z76) ∧ and(z78) ∧ :op1(z78, z79) ∧ publication(z79) ∧ :wiki(z79, -) ∧ :name(z79, z80) ∧ name(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, "A") ∧ :op2(z78, z81) ∧ publication(z81) ∧ :wiki(z81, -) ∧ :name(z81, z82) ∧ name(z82) ∧ :op1(z82, "B") ∧ :ARG1(z75, z83) ∧ person(z83) ∧ :ARG2(z84, z83) ∧ staff-01(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ editor(z85) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z75) ∧ special-02(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z75) ∧ have-03(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z1000) ∧ proofread-01(z1000)


An experiment was done in which human subjects recognize a pattern within a matrix of abstract designs and then select another design that completes that pattern. The results of the experiment were surprising. The lowest expenditure of energy in neurons in the brain was found in those subjects who performed most successfully in the experiments.

Question: Which of the following hypotheses best accounts for the findings of the experiment?

Choices:
- The energy expenditure of the subjects' brains increases when a design that completes the initially recognized pattern is determined.
- Those who performed best in the experiment experienced more satisfaction when working with abstract patterns than did those who performed less well.
- The task of completing a given design is more capably performed by athletes, whose energy expenditure is lower when they are at rest.
- People who are better at abstract pattern recognition have more energy-efficient neural connections.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / do-02
              :ARG1 (z2 / experiment-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / and
                                  :op1 (z4 / recognize-02
                                           :ARG0 (z5 / subject
                                                     :mod (z6 / human))
                                           :ARG1 (z7 / pattern
                                                     :location (z8 / matrix
                                                                   :consist-of (z9 / design-01
                                                                                :mod (z10 / abstract)))))
                                  :op2 (z11 / select-01
                                            :ARG0 z5
                                            :ARG1 (z12 / design-01
                                                       :mod (z13 / another)
                                                       :ARG0-of (z14 / complete-01
                                                                     :ARG1 z7))
                                            :time (z15 / then)))))
    :snt2 (z16 / surprise-01
               :ARG0 (z17 / thing
                          :ARG2-of (z18 / result-01
                                        :ARG1 (z19 / experiment-01))))
    :snt3 (z20 / find-01
               :ARG1 (z21 / expend-01
                          :ARG1 (z22 / energy)
                          :ARG2 (z23 / neuron
                                     :location (z24 / brain))
                          :ARG1-of (z25 / have-degree-91
                                        :ARG2 (z26 / low-04
                                                   :ARG1 z21)
                                        :ARG3 (z27 / most)))
               :location (z28 / subject
                              :mod (z29 / that)
                              :ARG0-of (z30 / perform-02
                                            :ARG1 (z31 / experiment-01)
                                            :ARG1-of (z32 / have-degree-91
                                                          :ARG2 (z33 / succeed-01
                                                                     :ARG0 z28
                                                                     :ARG1 z31)
                                                          :ARG3 (z34 / most)))))
    :snt4 (z35 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z36 / time)
               :direction (z37 / ahead)
               :ARG1-of (z38 / have-degree-91
                             :ARG2 (z39 / long-03
                                        :ARG1 z36)
                             :ARG3 (z40 / most)))
    :snt5 (z41 / find-01
               :ARG1 (z42 / design
                          :ARG1-of (z43 / include-91
                                        :ARG2 (z44 / matrix
                                                   :consist-of (z45 / design-01
                                                                    :mod (z46 / abstract))))
                          :ARG0-of (z47 / complete-01
                                        :ARG1 (z48 / pattern
                                                   :mod (z49 / that)))))
    :snt6 (z50 / surprise-01
               :ARG0 (z51 / thing
                          :ARG2-of (z52 / result-01
                                        :ARG1 (z53 / experiment-01)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ do-02(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ experiment-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ and(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, z4) ∧ recognize-02(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ subject(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ human(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z7) ∧ pattern(z7) ∧ :location(z7, z8) ∧ matrix(z8) ∧ :consist(z9, z8) ∧ design-01(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ abstract(z10) ∧ :op2(z3, z11) ∧ select-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z5) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ design-01(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ another(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z12) ∧ complete-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z7) ∧ :time(z11, z15) ∧ then(z15) ∧ :snt2(z0, z16) ∧ surprise-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ thing(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z17) ∧ result-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ experiment-01(z19) ∧ :snt3(z0, z20) ∧ find-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ expend-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ energy(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z23) ∧ neuron(z23) ∧ :location(z23, z24) ∧ brain(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z21) ∧ have-degree-91(z25) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z26) ∧ low-04(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z21) ∧ :ARG3(z25, z27) ∧ most(z27) ∧ :location(z20, z28) ∧ subject(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ that(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z28) ∧ perform-02(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ experiment-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z30) ∧ have-degree-91(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ succeed-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z28) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z31) ∧ :ARG3(z32, z34) ∧ most(z34) ∧ :snt4(z0, z35) ∧ go-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ time(z36) ∧ :direction(z35, z37) ∧ ahead(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z35) ∧ have-degree-91(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z39) ∧ long-03(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z36) ∧ :ARG3(z38, z40) ∧ most(z40) ∧ :snt5(z0, z41) ∧ find-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ design(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ include-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ matrix(z44) ∧ :consist(z45, z44) ∧ design-01(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ abstract(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z42) ∧ complete-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ pattern(z48) ∧ :mod(z48, z49) ∧ that(z49) ∧ :snt6(z0, z50) ∧ surprise-01(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z51) ∧ thing(z51) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z51) ∧ result-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ experiment-01(z53)


Poor writers often express mundane ideas with elaborate syntax and esoteric vocabulary. Inattentive readers may be impressed but may well misunderstand the writing, while alert readers will easily see through the pretentiousness. Thus, a good principle for writers is: __.

Question: Which one of the following completes the passage most logically?

Choices:
- the simpler the style, the better the writing
- a writing style should not be more complex than the ideas expressed
- only the most talented writers can successfully adopt a complex style
- alert readers are the only readers who are sensitive to writing style

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / express-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / write-01)
                        :mod (z4 / poor))
              :ARG1 (z5 / idea
                        :mod (z6 / mundane))
              :frequency (z7 / often)
              :instrument (z8 / and
                              :op1 (z9 / syntax
                                       :ARG1-of (z10 / elaborate-02))
                              :op2 (z11 / vocabulary
                                        :mod (z12 / esoteric))))
    :snt2 (z13 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z14 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z15 / impress-01
                                     :ARG1 (z16 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z17 / read-01)
                                                :ARG0-of (z18 / attend-02
                                                              :polarity -)))
                          :ARG1-of (z19 / contrast-01
                                        :ARG2 (z20 / possible-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z21 / misunderstand-01
                                                              :ARG0 z16
                                                              :ARG1 (z22 / write-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z16)
                                                              :ARG1-of (z23 / well-09)))))
               :ARG2 (z24 / see-01
                          :ARG0 (z25 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z26 / read-01)
                                     :ARG1-of (z27 / alert-01))
                          :ARG1 (z28 / pretentiousness)
                          :ARG1-of (z29 / easy-05)))
    :snt3 (z30 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z31 / principle
                          :ARG1-of (z32 / good-02
                                        :ARG2 (z33 / person
                                                   :ARG0-of (z34 / write-01)))
                          :domain (z35 / sign-off-04
                                       :ARG1 (z36 / string-entity
                                                  :value "__")))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ express-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ write-01(z3) ∧ :mod(z2, z4) ∧ poor(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ idea(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ mundane(z6) ∧ :frequency(z1, z7) ∧ often(z7) ∧ :instrument(z1, z8) ∧ and(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ syntax(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ elaborate-02(z10) ∧ :op2(z8, z11) ∧ vocabulary(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ esoteric(z12) ∧ :snt2(z0, z13) ∧ contrast-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ possible-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ impress-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ person(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z16) ∧ read-01(z17) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z18, z16) ∧ attend-02(z18)) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z14) ∧ contrast-01(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z20) ∧ possible-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ misunderstand-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ write-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z21) ∧ well-09(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z24) ∧ see-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z25) ∧ person(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z25) ∧ read-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z25) ∧ alert-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z28) ∧ pretentiousness(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z24) ∧ easy-05(z29) ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ infer-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ principle(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z31) ∧ good-02(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ person(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z33) ∧ write-01(z34) ∧ :domain(z31, z35) ∧ sign-off-04(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ string-entity(z36) ∧ :value(z36, "__")


Globally, the cost of living is relatively high in all major cities, Shanghai is a big city, so the cost of living in Shanghai is relatively high.

Question: Which of the following options is different from the above argument?

Choices:
- To enter the court work, must pass the national judicial examination, Xiao Wang works in the court, so Xiao Wang has passed the national judicial examination
- A graduate student of a university can obtain a master's degree only by replying to his graduation thesis, and Xiao Zhang has obtained a master's degree this year, so he has passed the thesis defense
- Throughout world history, Ben, an outstanding national leader has a strong will. Washington is an outstanding national leader, so he has a strong will
- The old-age insurance for urban workers can receive a monthly pension after retirement only if they have contributed for 15 years in accordance with the provisions. Mr. Li has been paying pension insurance for 20 years, so he can receive a monthly pension upon retirement

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / high-02
              :ARG1 (z2 / cost-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / live-01))
              :ARG2-of (z4 / relative-05)
              :location (z5 / city
                            :ARG1-of (z6 / major-02)
                            :mod (z7 / all)))
    :snt2 (z8 / cause-01
              :ARG0 (z9 / city
                        :mod (z10 / big)
                        :domain (z11 / city
                                     :wiki "Shanghai"
                                     :name (z12 / name
                                                :op1 "Shanghai")))
              :ARG1 (z13 / high-02
                         :ARG1 (z14 / cost-01
                                    :ARG1 (z15 / live-01
                                               :location z11))
                         :ARG2-of (z16 / relative-05)))
    :snt3 (z17 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z18 / monetary-quantity
                          :ARG2-of (z19 / cost-01
                                        :ARG1 (z20 / live-01)))
               :direction (z21 / out)
               :ARG1-of (z22 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z23 / big
                                        :domain z11)))
    :snt4 (z24 / high-02
               :ARG1 (z25 / cost-01
                          :ARG1 (z26 / live-01
                                     :location (z27 / city
                                                    :wiki "Shanghai"
                                                    :name (z28 / name
                                                               :op1 "Shanghai"))))
               :ARG2-of (z29 / relative-05)
               :location (z30 / globe)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ high-02(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ cost-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ live-01(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z1) ∧ relative-05(z4) ∧ :location(z1, z5) ∧ city(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ major-02(z6) ∧ :mod(z5, z7) ∧ all(z7) ∧ :snt2(z0, z8) ∧ cause-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ city(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ big(z10) ∧ :domain(z9, z11) ∧ city(z11) ∧ :wiki(z11, "Shanghai") ∧ :name(z11, z12) ∧ name(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, "Shanghai") ∧ :ARG1(z8, z13) ∧ high-02(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ cost-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ live-01(z15) ∧ :location(z15, z11) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z13) ∧ relative-05(z16) ∧ :snt3(z0, z17) ∧ go-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ monetary-quantity(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z18) ∧ cost-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ live-01(z20) ∧ :direction(z17, z21) ∧ out(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z17) ∧ cause-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ big(z23) ∧ :domain(z23, z11) ∧ :snt4(z0, z24) ∧ high-02(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ cost-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ live-01(z26) ∧ :location(z26, z27) ∧ city(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "Shanghai") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "Shanghai") ∧ :ARG2(z29, z24) ∧ relative-05(z29) ∧ :location(z24, z30) ∧ globe(z30)


A county airport, designed to serve the needs of private aircraft owners, planned to cover its operating expenses in part by charging user fees to private aircraft using the airport. The airport was unable to pay its operating expenses because the revenue from user fees was lower than expected.

Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true?

Choices:
- Private aircraft owners were unwilling to pay the user fees charged at the airport.
- The number of owners of private aircraft who use the county's airport facilities will not change appreciably in the future.
- Most of the county's citizens live a convenient distance from one or another airport now offering commercial airline services.
- The airport's operating expenses were greater than the revenue raised from sources other than the airport user fees for private planes.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / plan-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / airport
                        :mod (z3 / county)
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / design-01
                                     :ARG3 (z5 / serve-01
                                               :ARG0 z2
                                               :ARG1 (z6 / thing
                                                         :ARG1-of (z7 / need-01
                                                                      :ARG0 (z8 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z9 / own-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z10 / aircraft
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z11 / private-02))))))
                                               :ARG2 z8)))
              :ARG1 (z12 / cover-01
                         :ARG0 z2
                         :ARG1 (z13 / thing
                                    :ARG1-of (z14 / expend-01
                                                  :ARG0 z2
                                                  :ARG2 (z15 / operate-01
                                                             :ARG0 z2)))
                         :ARG2 (z16 / charge-01
                                    :ARG0 z2
                                    :ARG1 (z17 / fee)
                                    :ARG2 (z18 / aircraft
                                               :ARG1-of z11
                                               :ARG0-of (z19 / use-01
                                                             :ARG1 z2))
                                    :ARG3 (z20 / person
                                               :ARG0-of (z21 / use-01
                                                             :ARG1 z2)))
                         :degree (z22 / part)))
    :snt2 (z23 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z24 / pay-01
                          :ARG0 (z25 / airport)
                          :ARG3 (z26 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z27 / expend-01
                                                   :ARG0 z25
                                                   :ARG2 (z28 / operate-01))))
               :ARG1-of (z29 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z30 / low-04
                                        :ARG1 (z31 / revenue
                                                   :source (z32 / fee
                                                                :beneficiary (z33 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z34 / use-01))))
                                        :ARG2-of (z35 / have-degree-91
                                                      :ARG1 z31
                                                      :ARG3 (z36 / more)
                                                      :ARG4 (z37 / thing
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z38 / expect-01))))))
    :snt3 (z39 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z40 / pay-01
                          :ARG0 (z41 / airport)
                          :ARG3 (z42 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z43 / expend-01
                                                   :ARG0 z41
                                                   :ARG2 (z44 / operate-01)))))
    :snt4 (z45 / plan-01
               :ARG0 (z46 / airport
                          :ARG1-of (z47 / design-01
                                        :ARG3 (z48 / serve-01
                                                   :ARG0 z46
                                                   :ARG1 (z49 / thing
                                                              :ARG1-of (z50 / need-01
                                                                            :ARG0 (z51 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z52 / own-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z53 / aircraft
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z54 / private-03))))))))
                          :ARG1 (z55 / go-01
                                     :ARG1 z46
                                     :ARG2 (z56 / go-on-15)))))


There are only liberal arts and science classes in a high school. There are more boys than girls, and more science classes than liberal arts classes.

Question: Which of the following options must be correct based on the above conditions?

Choices:
- The total number of boys in the liberal arts class is more than the total number of girls in the liberal arts class
- The total number of boys in the science class is more than the total number of girls in the science class
- The total number of boys in the liberal arts class is higher than that of girls in the science class
- The total number of boys in science class is more than that of girls in liberal arts class

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / be-located-at-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / and
                        :op1 (z3 / class
                                 :topic (z4 / art
                                            :ARG1-of (z5 / liberal-02)))
                        :op2 (z6 / class
                                 :topic (z7 / science))
                        :mod (z8 / only))
              :ARG2 (z9 / high-school))
    :snt2 (z10 / be-located-at-91
               :ARG1 (z11 / and
                          :op1 (z12 / boy
                                    :ARG1-of (z13 / have-quant-91
                                                  :ARG3 (z14 / more)
                                                  :ARG4 (z15 / girl)))
                          :op2 (z16 / class
                                    :topic (z17 / science)
                                    :ARG1-of (z18 / have-quant-91
                                                  :ARG3 (z19 / more)
                                                  :ARG4 (z20 / class
                                                             :topic (z21 / art
                                                                         :mod (z22 / liberal))))))
               :ARG2 z9)
    :snt3 (z23 / and
               :op1 (z24 / go-01
                         :direction (z25 / out))
               :op2 (z26 / bouquet-01)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ be-located-at-91(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ and(z2) ∧ :op1(z2, z3) ∧ class(z3) ∧ :topic(z3, z4) ∧ art(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ liberal-02(z5) ∧ :op2(z2, z6) ∧ class(z6) ∧ :topic(z6, z7) ∧ science(z7) ∧ :mod(z2, z8) ∧ only(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z9) ∧ high-school(z9) ∧ :snt2(z0, z10) ∧ be-located-at-91(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ and(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, z12) ∧ boy(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z12) ∧ have-quant-91(z13) ∧ :ARG3(z13, z14) ∧ more(z14) ∧ :ARG4(z13, z15) ∧ girl(z15) ∧ :op2(z11, z16) ∧ class(z16) ∧ :topic(z16, z17) ∧ science(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z16) ∧ have-quant-91(z18) ∧ :ARG3(z18, z19) ∧ more(z19) ∧ :ARG4(z18, z20) ∧ class(z20) ∧ :topic(z20, z21) ∧ art(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ liberal(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z10, z9) ∧ :snt3(z0, z23) ∧ and(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, z24) ∧ go-01(z24) ∧ :direction(z24, z25) ∧ out(z25) ∧ :op2(z23, z26) ∧ bouquet-01(z26)


During the month of May, crabs arrive on Delaware' s beaches to lay eggs. Certain shorebirds depend on these eggs for food during their annual spring migration to their northern breeding grounds. Delaware' s crab population has declined recently. This decline, however, poses no serious threat to the migrating shorebird populations: by remaining longer in Delaware, the birds will be able to eat enough crab eggs to allow them to complete their migration.

Question: Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Choices:
- The decline in the number of crabs on Delaware's beaches is due to the harvesting of crabs by humans.
- The crabs do not conceal their eggs.
- No other food available to the birds on Delaware's beaches is as nutritious and accessible as are crab eggs.
- The earlier in the season the shorebirds complete their migration, the more likely they are to breed successfully.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / arrive-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / crab)
              :ARG4 (z3 / beach
                        :location (z4 / state
                                      :wiki "Delaware"
                                      :name (z5 / name
                                                :op1 "Delaware")))
              :purpose (z6 / lay-01
                           :ARG0 z2
                           :ARG1 (z7 / egg))
              :time (z8 / date-entity
                        :month 5))
    :snt2 (z9 / depend-01
              :ARG0 (z10 / shorebird
                         :mod (z11 / certain))
              :ARG1 (z12 / egg
                         :mod (z13 / this))
              :ARG2 (z14 / food
                         :purpose z10)
              :time (z15 / migrate-01
                         :ARG0 z10
                         :ARG2 (z16 / ground
                                    :location-of (z17 / breed-01)
                                    :location (z18 / north)
                                    :poss z10)
                         :frequency (z19 / rate-entity-91
                                         :ARG3 (z20 / temporal-quantity
                                                    :quant 1
                                                    :unit (z21 / year)))
                         :time (z22 / date-entity
                                    :season (z23 / spring))))
    :snt3 (z24 / decline-01
               :ARG1 (z25 / population
                          :mod (z26 / crab)
                          :location (z27 / state
                                         :wiki "Delaware"
                                         :name (z28 / name
                                                    :op1 "Delaware")))
               :time (z29 / recent))
    :snt4 (z30 / threaten-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG0 (z31 / decline-01
                          :mod (z32 / this))
               :ARG2 (z33 / population
                          :mod (z34 / shorebird
                                    :ARG0-of (z35 / migrate-01)))
               :ARG1-of (z36 / serious-02)
               :ARG1-of (z37 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z38 / possible-01
                                        :ARG1 (z39 / eat-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z40 / bird)
                                                   :ARG1 (z41 / egg
                                                              :mod (z42 / crab)
                                                              :ARG1-of (z43 / have-quant-91
                                                                            :ARG3 (z44 / enough)
                                                                            :ARG6 (z45 / allow-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z39
                                                                                :ARG1 (z46 / complete-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z40
                                                                                :ARG1 (z47 / migrate-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z40))))))
                                        :ARG1-of (z48 / cause-01
                                                      :ARG0 (z49 / remain-01
                                                                 :ARG1 z40
                                                                 :ARG3 (z50 / state
                                                                            :wiki "Delaware"
                                                                            :name (z51 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Delaware"))
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z52 / have-degree-91
                                                                               :ARG2 (z53 / long-03
                                                                                :ARG1 z49)
                                                                               :ARG3 (z54 / more)))))))
    :snt5 (z55 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z56 / threaten-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z57 / decline-01
                                     :mod (z58 / this))
                          :ARG2 (z59 / population
                                     :mod (z60 / shorebird
                                               :ARG0-of (z61 / migrate-01)))
                          :ARG1-of (z62 / serious-02)))
    :snt6 (z63 / come-01
               :ARG1 (z64 / crab)
               :ARG4 (z65 / beach
                          :location (z66 / state
                                         :wiki "Delaware"
                                         :name (z67 / name
                                                    :op1 "Delaware")))
               :purpose (z68 / lay-01
                             :ARG0 z64
                             :ARG1 (z69 / egg)))
    :snt7 (z70 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z71 / crab)
               :ARG4 (z72 / beach
                          :location (z73 / south
                                         :part-of (z74 / state
                                                       :wiki "Delaware"
                                                       :name (z75 / name
                                                                  :op1 "Delaware")))))
    :snt8 (z76 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z77 / crab)
               :ARG4 (z78 / beach
                          :location (z79 / south
                                         :part-of (z80 / peninsula
                                                       :wiki "Antarctica"
                                                       :name (z81 / name
                                                                  :op1 "Antarctica")))))
    :snt9 (z82 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z83 / crab)
               :ARG4 (z84 / beach
                          :location (z85 / state
                                         :wiki "Delaware"
                                         :name (z86 / name
                                                    :op1 "Delaware")))
               :purpose (z87 / lay-01
                             :ARG0 z77
                             :ARG1 (z88 / egg)))
    :snt10 (z89 / go-01
                :ARG1 (z90 / crab)
                :ARG4 (z91 / beach
                           :location (z92 / south
                                          :part-of (z93 / continent
                                                        :wiki "Antarctica"
                                                        :name (z94 / name
                                                                   :op1 "Antarctica")))))
    :snt11 (z95 / go-01
                :ARG1 (z96 / crab)
                :ARG4 (z97 / beach))
    :snt12 (z98 / age-01
                :ARG1 (z99 / shorebird
                           :mod (z100 / certain))
                :ARG2 (z101 / egg
                            :mod (z102 / this))
                :prep-for (z103 / food))
    :snt13 (z104 / cause-01
                 :ARG0 (z105 / remain-01
                             :ARG1 (z106 / bird)
                             :ARG3 (z1000 / remain-01
                                          :ARG1 z81
                                          :ARG3 (z1001 / state
                                                       :wiki "Delaware"
                                                       :name (z1002 / name
                                                                    :op1 "Delaware"))
                                          :ARG1-of (z1003 / have-degree-91
                                                          :ARG2 (z1004 / long-03
                                                                       :ARG1 z106)
                                                          :ARG3 (z1005 / more))))
                 :snt14 (z1006 / possible-01
                               :ARG1 (z1007 / eat-01
                                            :ARG0 z81
                                            :ARG1 (z1008 / egg
                                                         :mod (z1009 / crab)
                                                         :ARG1-of (z1010 / have-quant-91
                                                                         :ARG3 (z1011 / enough)
                                                                         :ARG6 (z1012 / allow-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z81
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1013 / complete-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z81
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1014 / migrate-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z81))))))))
    :snt6 (z1015 / have-concession-91
                 :ARG1 (z1016 / need-01
                              :ARG0 z81
                              :ARG1 (z107 / and
                                          :op1 (z1017 / spring-01
                                                      :ARG0 z81
                                                      :ARG1 (z1018 / stream-03
                                                                   :ARG0 z81
                                                                   :ARG1 (z1019 / streamline-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z81
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1020 / migrate-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z81))))
                                          :op2 (z1021 / stream-03
                                                      :ARG0 z81
                                                      :ARG1 (z1022 / stream-02
                                                                   :ARG0 z81
                                                                   :ARG1 (z1023 / stream-03
                                                                                :ARG0 z81)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ arrive-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ crab(z2) ∧ :ARG4(z1, z3) ∧ beach(z3) ∧ :location(z3, z4) ∧ state(z4) ∧ :wiki(z4, "Delaware") ∧ :name(z4, z5) ∧ name(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, "Delaware") ∧ :purpose(z1, z6) ∧ lay-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ egg(z7) ∧ :time(z1, z8) ∧ date-entity(z8) ∧ :month(z8, 5) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ depend-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ shorebird(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ certain(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z12) ∧ egg(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ this(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z14) ∧ food(z14) ∧ :purpose(z14, z10) ∧ :time(z9, z15) ∧ migrate-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z10) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z16) ∧ ground(z16) ∧ :location(z17, z16) ∧ breed-01(z17) ∧ :location(z16, z18) ∧ north(z18) ∧ :poss(z16, z10) ∧ :frequency(z15, z19) ∧ rate-entity-91(z19) ∧ :ARG3(z19, z20) ∧ temporal-quantity(z20) ∧ :quant(z20, 1) ∧ :unit(z20, z21) ∧ year(z21) ∧ :time(z15, z22) ∧ date-entity(z22) ∧ :season(z22, z23) ∧ spring(z23) ∧ :snt3(z0, z24) ∧ decline-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ population(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ crab(z26) ∧ :location(z25, z27) ∧ state(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "Delaware") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "Delaware") ∧ :time(z24, z29) ∧ recent(z29) ∧ ¬(:snt4(z0, z30) ∧ threaten-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ decline-01(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ this(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z33) ∧ population(z33) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ shorebird(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ migrate-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z30) ∧ serious-02(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z30) ∧ cause-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ possible-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ eat-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z40) ∧ bird(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z41) ∧ egg(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ crab(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z41) ∧ have-quant-91(z43) ∧ :ARG3(z43, z44) ∧ enough(z44) ∧ :ARG6(z43, z45) ∧ allow-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z39) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ complete-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z40) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ migrate-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z40) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z38) ∧ cause-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z49) ∧ remain-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z40) ∧ :ARG3(z49, z50) ∧ state(z50) ∧ :wiki(z50, "Delaware") ∧ :name(z50, z51) ∧ name(z51) ∧ :op1(z51, "Delaware") ∧ :ARG1(z52, z49) ∧ have-degree-91(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z53) ∧ long-03(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z49) ∧ :ARG3(z52, z54) ∧ more(z54)) ∧ :snt5(z0, z55) ∧ have-concession-91(z55) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ threaten-01(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z57) ∧ decline-01(z57) ∧ :mod(z57, z58) ∧ this(z58) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z59) ∧ population(z59) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ shorebird(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z60) ∧ migrate-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z56) ∧ serious-02(z62)) ∧ :snt6(z0, z63) ∧ come-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ crab(z64) ∧ :ARG4(z63, z65) ∧ beach(z65) ∧ :location(z65, z66) ∧ state(z66) ∧ :wiki(z66, "Delaware") ∧ :name(z66, z67) ∧ name(z67) ∧ :op1(z67, "Delaware") ∧ :purpose(z63, z68) ∧ lay-01(z68) ∧ :ARG0(z68, z64) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ egg(z69) ∧ :snt7(z0, z70) ∧ go-01(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ crab(z71) ∧ :ARG4(z70, z72) ∧ beach(z72) ∧ :location(z72, z73) ∧ south(z73) ∧ :part(z74, z73) ∧ state(z74) ∧ :wiki(z74, "Delaware") ∧ :name(z74, z75) ∧ name(z75) ∧ :op1(z75, "Delaware") ∧ :snt8(z0, z76) ∧ go-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ crab(z77) ∧ :ARG4(z76, z78) ∧ beach(z78) ∧ :location(z78, z79) ∧ south(z79) ∧ :part(z80, z79) ∧ peninsula(z80) ∧ :wiki(z80, "Antarctica") ∧ :name(z80, z81) ∧ name(z81) ∧ :op1(z81, "Antarctica") ∧ :snt9(z0, z82) ∧ go-01(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z83) ∧ crab(z83) ∧ :ARG4(z82, z84) ∧ beach(z84) ∧ :location(z84, z85) ∧ state(z85) ∧ :wiki(z85, "Delaware") ∧ :name(z85, z86) ∧ name(z86) ∧ :op1(z86, "Delaware") ∧ :purpose(z82, z87) ∧ lay-01(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z77) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ egg(z88) ∧ :snt10(z0, z89) ∧ go-01(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ crab(z90) ∧ :ARG4(z89, z91) ∧ beach(z91) ∧ :location(z91, z92) ∧ south(z92) ∧ :part(z93, z92) ∧ continent(z93) ∧ :wiki(z93, "Antarctica") ∧ :name(z93, z94) ∧ name(z94) ∧ :op1(z94, "Antarctica") ∧ :snt11(z0, z95) ∧ go-01(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z96) ∧ crab(z96) ∧ :ARG4(z95, z97) ∧ beach(z97) ∧ :snt12(z0, z98) ∧ age-01(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z99) ∧ shorebird(z99) ∧ :mod(z99, z100) ∧ certain(z100) ∧ :ARG2(z98, z101) ∧ egg(z101) ∧ :mod(z101, z102) ∧ this(z102) ∧ :prep-for(z98, z103) ∧ food(z103) ∧ :snt13(z0, z104) ∧ cause-01(z104) ∧ :ARG0(z104, z105) ∧ remain-01(z105) ∧ :ARG1(z105, z106) ∧ bird(z106) ∧ :ARG3(z105, z1000) ∧ remain-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z81) ∧ :ARG3(z1000, z1001) ∧ state(z1001) ∧ :wiki(z1001, "Delaware") ∧ :name(z1001, z1002) ∧ name(z1002) ∧ :op1(z1002, "Delaware") ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1000) ∧ have-degree-91(z1003) ∧ :ARG2(z1003, z1004) ∧ long-03(z1004) ∧ :ARG1(z1004, z106) ∧ :ARG3(z1003, z1005) ∧ more(z1005) ∧ :snt14(z104, z1006) ∧ possible-01(z1006) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z1007) ∧ eat-01(z1007) ∧ :ARG0(z1007, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1008) ∧ egg(z1008) ∧ :mod(z1008, z1009) ∧ crab(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1010, z1008) ∧ have-quant-91(z1010) ∧ :ARG3(z1010, z1011) ∧ enough(z1011) ∧ :ARG6(z1010, z1012) ∧ allow-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG0(z1012, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1013) ∧ complete-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG0(z1013, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z1014) ∧ migrate-01(z1014) ∧ :ARG0(z1014, z81) ∧ :snt6(z0, z1015) ∧ have-concession-91(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1016) ∧ need-01(z1016) ∧ :ARG0(z1016, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1016, z107) ∧ and(z107) ∧ :op1(z107, z1017) ∧ spring-01(z1017) ∧ :ARG0(z1017, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1017, z1018) ∧ stream-03(z1018) ∧ :ARG0(z1018, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1018, z1019) ∧ streamline-01(z1019) ∧ :ARG0(z1019, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1019, z1020) ∧ migrate-01(z1020) ∧ :ARG0(z1020, z81) ∧ :op2(z107, z1021) ∧ stream-03(z1021) ∧ :ARG0(z1021, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1021, z1022) ∧ stream-02(z1022) ∧ :ARG0(z1022, z81) ∧ :ARG1(z1022, z1023) ∧ stream-03(z1023) ∧ :ARG0(z1023, z81)


The city of Carina is considering implementing an Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) for taxpayers earning more than 90% of the population, those individuals who earn more than $350, 000 annually. Under this tax plan, Carina citizens in the AMT bracket would be exempt from paying taxes on the first $80, 000 of their income and be taxed at a flat rate on the income thereafter. People paying the AMT would not be given allowances regular taxpayers are, such as deductions for children, healthcare expenses, or college tuition.

Question: Which of the following would be most important to determine in order to evaluate whether implementing the AMT plan would be profitable for the city of Carina?

Choices:
- The dollar value that processing the AMT would require, compared to the dollar value that running the current tax system in Carina requires.
- The dollar value of the tax exemptions the top 10% of wage earners in Carina currently take.
- The average dollar value of Carina citizens' tax payments for the previous year.
- The average revenue generated by cities in that country that charge AMT when such a system is implemented.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / consider-02
              :ARG0 (z2 / city
                        :wiki "Carina,_Puerto_Rico"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Carina"))
              :ARG1 (z4 / implement-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1 (z5 / tax-01
                                  :ARG2 (z6 / person
                                            :ARG0-of (z7 / earn-01
                                                         :ARG1 (z8 / income
                                                                   :ARG1-of (z9 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z10 / population)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z11 / more-than
                                                                                :op1 (z12 / percentage-entity
                                                                                :value 90))))))
                                  :mod (z13 / alternative)
                                  :ARG1-of (z14 / mean-01
                                                :ARG2 (z15 / individual
                                                           :ARG0-of (z16 / earn-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z17 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z18 / more-than
                                                                                :op1 (z19 / monetary-quantity
                                                                                :quant 350000
                                                                                :unit (z20 / dollar)))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z21 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z22 / year)))))))))
    :snt2 (z23 / and
               :op1 (z24 / exempt-01
                         :ARG1 (z25 / citizen
                                    :mod (z26 / city
                                              :wiki "Carina,_Puerto_Rico"
                                              :name (z27 / name
                                                         :op1 "Carina"))
                                    :ARG1-of (z28 / bracket-01
                                                  :ARG2 z5))
                         :ARG2 (z29 / pay-01
                                    :ARG0 z25
                                    :ARG3 (z30 / tax-01
                                               :ARG2 z25
                                               :ARG3 (z31 / income
                                                          :quant (z32 / monetary-quantity
                                                                      :quant 80000
                                                                      :unit (z33 / dollar)
                                                                      :ord (z34 / ordinal-entity
                                                                                :value 1))))))
               :op2 (z35 / tax-01
                         :ARG2 z25
                         :ARG3 (z36 / income
                                    :ARG1-of (z37 / include-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z38 / income
                                                             :poss z25)
                                                  :ARG3 (z39 / more-than
                                                             :op1 (z40 / percentage-entity
                                                                       :value 350000))))
                         :manner (z41 / rate
                                      :ARG1-of (z42 / flat-06))
                         :time (z43 / thereafter))
               :prep-under (z44 / plan-01
                                :ARG1 (z45 / tax-01)
                                :mod (z46 / this)))
    :snt3 (z47 / give-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z48 / allowance
                          :example (z49 / deduct-01
                                        :ARG1 (z50 / or
                                                   :op1 (z51 / monetary-quantity
                                                             :ARG1-of (z52 / expend-01
                                                                           :ARG2 (z53 / child)))
                                                   :op2 (z54 / monetary-quantity
                                                             :ARG1-of (z55 / expend-01
                                                                           :ARG2 (z56 / healthcare)))
                                                   :op3 (z57 / tuition
                                                             :mod (z58 / college)))))
               :ARG2 (z59 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z60 / pay-01
                                        :ARG1 z5))
               :ARG1-of (z61 / resemble-01
                             :ARG2 (z62 / allow-02
                                        :ARG1-of (z63 / give-01
                                                      :ARG2 (z64 / person
                                                                 :ARG0-of (z65 / pay-01
                                                                               :ARG1 (z66 / tax-01)
                                                                               :ARG1-of (z67 / regular-02))))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ consider-02(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ city(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Carina,_Puerto_Rico") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Carina") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ implement-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ tax-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z6) ∧ person(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z6) ∧ earn-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ income(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ include-91(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z10) ∧ population(z10) ∧ :ARG3(z9, z11) ∧ more-than(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, z12) ∧ percentage-entity(z12) ∧ :value(z12, 90) ∧ :mod(z5, z13) ∧ alternative(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z5) ∧ mean-01(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ individual(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z15) ∧ earn-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ rate-entity-91(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ more-than(z18) ∧ :op1(z18, z19) ∧ monetary-quantity(z19) ∧ :quant(z19, 350000) ∧ :unit(z19, z20) ∧ dollar(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z21) ∧ temporal-quantity(z21) ∧ :quant(z21, 1) ∧ :unit(z21, z22) ∧ year(z22) ∧ :snt2(z0, z23) ∧ and(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, z24) ∧ exempt-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ citizen(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ city(z26) ∧ :wiki(z26, "Carina,_Puerto_Rico") ∧ :name(z26, z27) ∧ name(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, "Carina") ∧ :ARG1(z28, z25) ∧ bracket-01(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z5) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z29) ∧ pay-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z25) ∧ :ARG3(z29, z30) ∧ tax-01(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z25) ∧ :ARG3(z30, z31) ∧ income(z31) ∧ :quant(z31, z32) ∧ monetary-quantity(z32) ∧ :quant(z32, 80000) ∧ :unit(z32, z33) ∧ dollar(z33) ∧ :ord(z32, z34) ∧ ordinal-entity(z34) ∧ :value(z34, 1) ∧ :op2(z23, z35) ∧ tax-01(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z25) ∧ :ARG3(z35, z36) ∧ income(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ include-91(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z38) ∧ income(z38) ∧ :poss(z38, z25) ∧ :ARG3(z37, z39) ∧ more-than(z39) ∧ :op1(z39, z40) ∧ percentage-entity(z40) ∧ :value(z40, 350000) ∧ :manner(z35, z41) ∧ rate(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ flat-06(z42) ∧ :time(z35, z43) ∧ thereafter(z43) ∧ :prep-under(z23, z44) ∧ plan-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ tax-01(z45) ∧ :mod(z44, z46) ∧ this(z46) ∧ ¬(:snt3(z0, z47) ∧ give-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ allowance(z48) ∧ :example(z48, z49) ∧ deduct-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ or(z50) ∧ :op1(z50, z51) ∧ monetary-quantity(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z51) ∧ expend-01(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z53) ∧ child(z53) ∧ :op2(z50, z54) ∧ monetary-quantity(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z54) ∧ expend-01(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z56) ∧ healthcare(z56) ∧ :op3(z50, z57) ∧ tuition(z57) ∧ :mod(z57, z58) ∧ college(z58) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z59) ∧ person(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z59) ∧ pay-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z5) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z47) ∧ resemble-01(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z61, z62) ∧ allow-02(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z62) ∧ give-01(z63) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z64) ∧ person(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z64) ∧ pay-01(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ tax-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z65) ∧ regular-02(z67))


A recent study proves the relationship between learning and sleep. The researchers published their findings in Learning Science, a collaborative journal of Nature, pointing out the quality and time of sleep and the persistence of sleep habits are positively correlated with academic performance. Adequate sleep is more beneficial to students' study.

Question: Which of the following options is not the logical inference of the above assertion?

Choices:
- Students who get enough sleep, get up early and go to bed early and have regular work and rest generally have good grades.
- The vast majority of high school students are faced with the disturbance of lack of sleep, in order to study, many of them will choose the time of the recess or PE class to make up for sleep.
- Sleep time is not enough, and it is impossible to make up, you can work on the quality of sleep and sleep habits.
- Go to bed at a fixed time, get up, and form a fixed schedule, which can make up for the impact of short sleep time to a large extent.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / prove-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / study-01
                        :time (z3 / recent))
              :ARG1 (z4 / relation-03
                        :ARG0 (z5 / learn-01)
                        :ARG2 (z6 / sleep-01)))
    :snt2 (z7 / publish-01
              :ARG0 (z8 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z9 / research-01)
                        :ARG0-of (z10 / point-out-02
                                      :ARG1 (z11 / correlate-01
                                                 :ARG1 (z12 / and
                                                            :op1 (z13 / quality
                                                                      :poss (z14 / sleep-01))
                                                            :op2 (z15 / time
                                                                      :time-of z14)
                                                            :op3 (z16 / persist-01
                                                                      :ARG1 (z17 / habit
                                                                                :mod (z18 / sleep-01))))
                                                 :ARG2 (z19 / perform-02
                                                            :mod (z20 / academia))
                                                 :manner (z21 / positive))))
              :ARG1 (z22 / thing
                         :ARG1-of (z23 / find-01
                                       :ARG0 z8))
              :medium (z24 / journal
                           :wiki -
                           :name (z25 / name
                                      :op1 "Learning"
                                      :op2 "Science")
                           :domain (z26 / journal
                                        :ARG0-of (z27 / collaborate-01)
                                        :poss (z28 / journal
                                                   :wiki "Nature_(j3000 / journal)"
                                                   :name (z29 / name
                                                              :op1 "Nature")))))
    :snt3 (z30 / benefit-01
               :ARG0 (z31 / sleep-01
                          :ARG1-of (z32 / efficient-01
                                        :ARG2-of (z33 / have-degree-91
                                                      :ARG1 z31
                                                      :ARG3 (z34 / equal))))
               :ARG1 (z35 / study-01
                          :ARG0 (z36 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z37 / study-01)))
               :ARG2-of (z38 / have-degree-91
                             :ARG1 z31
                             :ARG3 (z39 / more)))
    :snt4 (z40 / have-degree-91
               :ARG1 (z41 / sleep-01
                          :ARG1-of (z42 / efficient-01
                                        :ARG2-of (z43 / have-degree-91
                                                      :ARG1 z41
                                                      :ARG3 (z44 / equal))))
               :ARG2 (z45 / benefit-01
                          :ARG0 z41
                          :ARG1 z35)
               :ARG3 (z46 / more))
    :snt5 (z47 / publish-01
               :ARG0 (z48 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z49 / research-01))
               :ARG1 (z50 / thing
                          :ARG1-of (z51 / find-01
                                        :ARG0 z48))
               :medium (z52 / journal
                            :wiki "Learning_Science"
                            :name (z53 / name
                                       :op1 "Learning"
                                       :op2 "Science")
                            :domain (z54 / journal
                                         :ARG0-of (z55 / collaborate-01)
                                         :poss (z56 / journal
                                                    :wiki "Nature_(j3001 / journal)"
                                                    :name (z57 / name
                                                               :op1 "Nature")))))
    :snt6 (z58 / prove-01
               :ARG0 (z59 / study-01)
               :ARG1 (z60 / relation-03
                          :ARG0 (z61 / learn-01)
                          :ARG1 (z62 / sleep-01))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ prove-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ study-01(z2) ∧ :time(z2, z3) ∧ recent(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ relation-03(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ learn-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z6) ∧ sleep-01(z6) ∧ :snt2(z0, z7) ∧ publish-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z8) ∧ person(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z8) ∧ research-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z8) ∧ point-out-02(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ correlate-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ and(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ quality(z13) ∧ :poss(z13, z14) ∧ sleep-01(z14) ∧ :op2(z12, z15) ∧ time(z15) ∧ :time(z14, z15) ∧ :op3(z12, z16) ∧ persist-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ habit(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ sleep-01(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z19) ∧ perform-02(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ academia(z20) ∧ :manner(z11, z21) ∧ positive(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z22) ∧ thing(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ find-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z8) ∧ :medium(z7, z24) ∧ journal(z24) ∧ :wiki(z24, -) ∧ :name(z24, z25) ∧ name(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, "Learning") ∧ :op2(z25, "Science") ∧ :domain(z24, z26) ∧ journal(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z26) ∧ collaborate-01(z27) ∧ :poss(z26, z28) ∧ journal(z28) ∧ :wiki(z28, "Nature_(j3000 / journal)") ∧ :name(z28, z29) ∧ name(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, "Nature") ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ benefit-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ sleep-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z31) ∧ efficient-01(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z32) ∧ have-degree-91(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z31) ∧ :ARG3(z33, z34) ∧ equal(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z35) ∧ study-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z36) ∧ person(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z36) ∧ study-01(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z30) ∧ have-degree-91(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z31) ∧ :ARG3(z38, z39) ∧ more(z39) ∧ :snt4(z0, z40) ∧ have-degree-91(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ sleep-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ efficient-01(z42) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z42) ∧ have-degree-91(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z41) ∧ :ARG3(z43, z44) ∧ equal(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z45) ∧ benefit-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z35) ∧ :ARG3(z40, z46) ∧ more(z46) ∧ :snt5(z0, z47) ∧ publish-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ person(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z48) ∧ research-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z50) ∧ thing(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z50) ∧ find-01(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z48) ∧ :medium(z47, z52) ∧ journal(z52) ∧ :wiki(z52, "Learning_Science") ∧ :name(z52, z53) ∧ name(z53) ∧ :op1(z53, "Learning") ∧ :op2(z53, "Science") ∧ :domain(z52, z54) ∧ journal(z54) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z54) ∧ collaborate-01(z55) ∧ :poss(z54, z56) ∧ journal(z56) ∧ :wiki(z56, "Nature_(j3001 / journal)") ∧ :name(z56, z57) ∧ name(z57) ∧ :op1(z57, "Nature") ∧ :snt6(z0, z58) ∧ prove-01(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z59) ∧ study-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z60) ∧ relation-03(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ learn-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z62) ∧ sleep-01(z62)