Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz' s that discuss one of Newton' s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since <b> the book includes a presentation of Newton' s calculus concepts and techniques, </b>and since the notes were written before Leibniz' s own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain <b> that the traditional view is false. </b> A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz' s notes are limited to early sections of Newton' s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton' s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

Question: In the historian's reasoning, the two portions in <b> boldface </b> play which of the following roles?

Choices:
- The first has been used in support of a position that the historian rejects; the second is a conclusion that the historian draws from that position.
- The first provides evidence in support of a position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
- The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion about which the historian expresses reservations; the second is that conclusion.
- The first and the second each provide evidence in support of a position that the historian defends.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / develop-02
                        :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                  :wiki "Newton"
                                  :name (z4 / name
                                            :op1 "Newton"))
                        :ARG1 (z5 / and
                                  :op1 (z6 / concept
                                           :mod (z7 / mathematics))
                                  :op2 (z8 / technique
                                           :mod z7)
                                  :mod (z9 / fundamental
                                           :prep-to (z10 / calculus
                                                         :ARG1-of (z11 / modern-02)))))
              :ARG2 (z12 / historian))
    :snt2 (z13 / develop-02
               :ARG0 (z14 / person
                          :wiki "Louis_Leibniz"
                          :name (z15 / name
                                     :op1 "Leibniz"))
               :ARG1 (z16 / and
                          :op1 (z17 / concept)
                          :op2 (z18 / technique)
                          :ARG1-of (z19 / resemble-01
                                        :ARG1-of (z20 / close-10))))
    :snt3 (z21 / develop-02
               :ARG0 (z22 / person
                          :wiki "Louis_Leibniz"
                          :name (z23 / name
                                     :op1 "Leibniz"))
               :ARG1 (z24 / and
                          :op1 (z25 / concept)
                          :op2 (z26 / technique)
                          :ARG1-of (z27 / resemble-01
                                        :ARG1-of (z28 / close-10))))
    :snt4 (z29 / think-01
               :ARG1 (z30 / depend-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z31 / discover-01
                                     :mod (z32 / this)))
               :mod (z33 / tradition))
    :snt5 (z34 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z35 / discover-01
                          :ARG0 (z36 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z37 / research-01))
                          :ARG1 (z38 / note
                                     :poss (z39 / person
                                                :wiki "Lucas_Leibniz"
                                                :name (z40 / name
                                                           :op1 "Leibniz"))
                                     :ARG0-of (z41 / discuss-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z42 / book
                                                              :quant 1
                                                              :ARG1-of (z43 / include-91
                                                                            :ARG2 (z44 / book
                                                                                :poss (z45 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Newton"
                                                                                :name (z46 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Newton"))
                                                                                :topic (z47 / mathematics))))))
                          :time (z48 / recent)))
    :snt6 (z49 / argue-01
               :ARG0 (z50 / scholar
                          :quant (z51 / several))
               :ARG1 (z52 / and
                          :op1 (z53 / include-01
                                    :ARG1 (z54 / present-01
                                               :ARG1 (z55 / and
                                                          :op1 (z56 / concept)
                                                          :op2 (z57 / technique)
                                                          :mod (z58 / mathematics)
                                                          :poss (z59 / person
                                                                     :wiki "Newton"
                                                                     :name (z60 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Newton")))
                                               :ARG2 (z61 / book)))
                          :op2 (z62 / know-01
                                    :ARG1 (z63 / false
                                               :domain (z64 / view
                                                            :mod (z65 / tradition))
                                               :mod (z66 / virtual))
                                    :ARG1-of (z67 / cause-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z68 / and
                                                             :op1 (z69 / and
                                                                       :op1 (z70 / include-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z71 / present-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z72 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z73 / concept)
                                                                                :op2 (z74 / technique)
                                                                                :mod (z75 / mathematics)
                                                                                :poss (z76 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Newton"
                                                                                :name (z77 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Newton"))))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z78 / book))
                                                                       :op2 (z79 / write-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z80 / note
                                                                                :poss z39)
                                                                                :time (z81 / before
                                                                                :op1 (z82 / develop-02
                                                                                :ARG0 (z83 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Leibniz"
                                                                                :name (z84 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Leibniz"))
                                                                                :ARG1 (z85 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z86 / concept)
                                                                                :op2 (z87 / technique)
                                                                                :mod z58)))))))))
               :snt7 (z88 / contrast-01
                          :ARG2 (z89 / call-03
                                     :ARG1 (z90 / conclude-01
                                                :ARG1-of (z91 / have-degree-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z92 / cautious-02
                                                                         :ARG0 z55)
                                                              :ARG3 (z1000 / more)
                                                              :ARG4 (z1001 / this)))
                                     :ARG1-of (z1002 / contrast-01
                                                     :ARG2 (z1003 / limit-01
                                                                  :ARG1 (z1004 / note
                                                                               :poss (z1005 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Luis_Buñuel"
                                                                                :name (z1006 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Leibniz")))
                                                                  :ARG2 (z1007 / section
                                                                               :mod (z1008 / early)
                                                                               :part-of (z1009 / book
                                                                                :poss (z1010 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Newton"
                                                                                :name (z1011 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Newton")))
                                                                               :ARG1-of (z1012 / mean-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1013 / section
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1014 / precede-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1015 / section
                                                                                :time (z1016 / before
                                                                                :op1 (z1017 / present-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1018 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z1019 / concept)
                                                                                :op2 (z1020 / technique)
                                                                                :mod z58
                                                                                :poss z1010)))))))))))
                          :snt8 (z1021 / multi-sentence
                                       :snt2 (z1022 / multi-sentence
                                                    :snt2 (z1023 / develop-02
                                                                 :ARG0 (z1024 / person
                                                                              :wiki "Luis_Buñuel"
                                                                              :name (z1025 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Leibniz"))
                                                                 :ARG1 (z93 / and
                                                                            :op1 (z94 / concept)
                                                                            :op2 (z95 / technique)
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z96 / resemble-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z97 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z98 / concept)
                                                                                :op2 (z99 / technique))))
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z100 / develop-02)))
                                       :snt9 (z101 / think-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z1026 / think-01
                                                                :ARG1 (z1027 / depend-01
                                                                             :polarity -
                                                                             :ARG0 (z1028 / discover-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1029 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1030 / discover-01)
                                                                                :mod (z1031 / this))))
                                                                :mod (z1032 / tradition))))
                          :snt10 (z1033 / have-concession-91
                                        :ARG2 (z1034 / limit-01
                                                     :ARG1 (z1035 / note
                                                                  :poss (z1036 / person
                                                                               :wiki "Luis_Buñuel"
                                                                               :name (z1037 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Leibniz")))
                                                     :ARG2 (z1038 / section
                                                                  :mod (z1039 / early)
                                                                  :part-of (z1040 / book
                                                                                :poss (z1041 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Newton"
                                                                                :name (z105 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Newton"))))))
                          :snt11 (z106 / chapter
                                       :mod (z107 / chapter
                                                  :mod (z1042 / early)
                                                  :part-of (z102 / book)))
                          :snt12 (z103 / chapter
                                       :mod (z104 / chapter
                                                  :mod (z1043 / before
                                                              :op1 (z1044 / present-01
                                                                          :ARG1 (z1045 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z1046 / concept)
                                                                                :op2 (z1047 / technique)
                                                                                :mod (z108 / calculus)
                                                                                :poss (z1048 / person
                                                                                :wiki "Newton"
                                                                                :name (z1049 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Newton"))))))))
               :snt13 (z1050 / chapter
                             :mod (z2000 / thing))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ develop-02(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, "Newton") ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "Newton") ∧ :ARG1(z2, z5) ∧ and(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, z6) ∧ concept(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ mathematics(z7) ∧ :op2(z5, z8) ∧ technique(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z7) ∧ :mod(z5, z9) ∧ fundamental(z9) ∧ :prep-to(z9, z10) ∧ calculus(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ modern-02(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z12) ∧ historian(z12) ∧ :snt2(z0, z13) ∧ develop-02(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z14) ∧ person(z14) ∧ :wiki(z14, "Louis_Leibniz") ∧ :name(z14, z15) ∧ name(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, "Leibniz") ∧ :ARG1(z13, z16) ∧ and(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, z17) ∧ concept(z17) ∧ :op2(z16, z18) ∧ technique(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z16) ∧ resemble-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ close-10(z20) ∧ :snt3(z0, z21) ∧ develop-02(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ person(z22) ∧ :wiki(z22, "Louis_Leibniz") ∧ :name(z22, z23) ∧ name(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, "Leibniz") ∧ :ARG1(z21, z24) ∧ and(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z25) ∧ concept(z25) ∧ :op2(z24, z26) ∧ technique(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z24) ∧ resemble-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ close-10(z28) ∧ :snt4(z0, z29) ∧ think-01(z29) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ depend-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ discover-01(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ this(z32)) ∧ :mod(z29, z33) ∧ tradition(z33) ∧ :snt5(z0, z34) ∧ contrast-01(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z35) ∧ discover-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z36) ∧ person(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z36) ∧ research-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z38) ∧ note(z38) ∧ :poss(z38, z39) ∧ person(z39) ∧ :wiki(z39, "Lucas_Leibniz") ∧ :name(z39, z40) ∧ name(z40) ∧ :op1(z40, "Leibniz") ∧ :ARG0(z41, z38) ∧ discuss-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ book(z42) ∧ :quant(z42, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ include-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ book(z44) ∧ :poss(z44, z45) ∧ person(z45) ∧ :wiki(z45, "Newton") ∧ :name(z45, z46) ∧ name(z46) ∧ :op1(z46, "Newton") ∧ :topic(z44, z47) ∧ mathematics(z47) ∧ :time(z35, z48) ∧ recent(z48) ∧ :snt6(z0, z49) ∧ argue-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z50) ∧ scholar(z50) ∧ :quant(z50, z51) ∧ several(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z52) ∧ and(z52) ∧ :op1(z52, z53) ∧ include-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ present-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ and(z55) ∧ :op1(z55, z56) ∧ concept(z56) ∧ :op2(z55, z57) ∧ technique(z57) ∧ :mod(z55, z58) ∧ mathematics(z58) ∧ :poss(z55, z59) ∧ person(z59) ∧ :wiki(z59, "Newton") ∧ :name(z59, z60) ∧ name(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, "Newton") ∧ :ARG2(z54, z61) ∧ book(z61) ∧ :op2(z52, z62) ∧ know-01(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ false(z63) ∧ :domain(z63, z64) ∧ view(z64) ∧ :mod(z64, z65) ∧ tradition(z65) ∧ :mod(z63, z66) ∧ virtual(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z62) ∧ cause-01(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z68) ∧ and(z68) ∧ :op1(z68, z69) ∧ and(z69) ∧ :op1(z69, z70) ∧ include-01(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ present-01(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z72) ∧ and(z72) ∧ :op1(z72, z73) ∧ concept(z73) ∧ :op2(z72, z74) ∧ technique(z74) ∧ :mod(z72, z75) ∧ mathematics(z75) ∧ :poss(z72, z76) ∧ person(z76) ∧ :wiki(z76, "Newton") ∧ :name(z76, z77) ∧ name(z77) ∧ :op1(z77, "Newton") ∧ :ARG2(z70, z78) ∧ book(z78) ∧ :op2(z69, z79) ∧ write-01(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ note(z80) ∧ :poss(z80, z39) ∧ :time(z79, z81) ∧ before(z81) ∧ :op1(z81, z82) ∧ develop-02(z82) ∧ :ARG0(z82, z83) ∧ person(z83) ∧ :wiki(z83, "Leibniz") ∧ :name(z83, z84) ∧ name(z84) ∧ :op1(z84, "Leibniz") ∧ :ARG1(z82, z85) ∧ and(z85) ∧ :op1(z85, z86) ∧ concept(z86) ∧ :op2(z85, z87) ∧ technique(z87) ∧ :mod(z85, z58) ∧ :snt7(z49, z88) ∧ contrast-01(z88) ∧ :ARG2(z88, z89) ∧ call-03(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ conclude-01(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z90) ∧ have-degree-91(z91) ∧ :ARG2(z91, z92) ∧ cautious-02(z92) ∧ :ARG0(z92, z55) ∧ :ARG3(z91, z1000) ∧ more(z1000) ∧ :ARG4(z91, z1001) ∧ this(z1001) ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z89) ∧ contrast-01(z1002) ∧ :ARG2(z1002, z1003) ∧ limit-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1004) ∧ note(z1004) ∧ :poss(z1004, z1005) ∧ person(z1005) ∧ :wiki(z1005, "Luis_Buñuel") ∧ :name(z1005, z1006) ∧ name(z1006) ∧ :op1(z1006, "Leibniz") ∧ :ARG2(z1003, z1007) ∧ section(z1007) ∧ :mod(z1007, z1008) ∧ early(z1008) ∧ :part(z1009, z1007) ∧ book(z1009) ∧ :poss(z1009, z1010) ∧ person(z1010) ∧ :wiki(z1010, "Newton") ∧ :name(z1010, z1011) ∧ name(z1011) ∧ :op1(z1011, "Newton") ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1007) ∧ mean-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG2(z1012, z1013) ∧ section(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1013) ∧ precede-01(z1014) ∧ :ARG2(z1014, z1015) ∧ section(z1015) ∧ :time(z1015, z1016) ∧ before(z1016) ∧ :op1(z1016, z1017) ∧ present-01(z1017) ∧ :ARG1(z1017, z1018) ∧ and(z1018) ∧ :op1(z1018, z1019) ∧ concept(z1019) ∧ :op2(z1018, z1020) ∧ technique(z1020) ∧ :mod(z1018, z58) ∧ :poss(z1018, z1010) ∧ :snt8(z88, z1021) ∧ multi-sentence(z1021) ∧ :snt2(z1021, z1022) ∧ multi-sentence(z1022) ∧ :snt2(z1022, z1023) ∧ develop-02(z1023) ∧ :ARG0(z1023, z1024) ∧ person(z1024) ∧ :wiki(z1024, "Luis_Buñuel") ∧ :name(z1024, z1025) ∧ name(z1025) ∧ :op1(z1025, "Leibniz") ∧ :ARG1(z1023, z93) ∧ and(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, z94) ∧ concept(z94) ∧ :op2(z93, z95) ∧ technique(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z96, z93) ∧ resemble-01(z96) ∧ :ARG2(z96, z97) ∧ and(z97) ∧ :op1(z97, z98) ∧ concept(z98) ∧ :op2(z97, z99) ∧ technique(z99) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z1023) ∧ develop-02(z100) ∧ :snt9(z1021, z101) ∧ think-01(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z1026) ∧ think-01(z1026) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1026, z1027) ∧ depend-01(z1027) ∧ :ARG0(z1027, z1028) ∧ discover-01(z1028) ∧ :ARG1(z1028, z1029) ∧ thing(z1029) ∧ :ARG1(z1030, z1029) ∧ discover-01(z1030) ∧ :mod(z1029, z1031) ∧ this(z1031)) ∧ :mod(z1026, z1032) ∧ tradition(z1032) ∧ :snt10(z88, z1033) ∧ have-concession-91(z1033) ∧ :ARG2(z1033, z1034) ∧ limit-01(z1034) ∧ :ARG1(z1034, z1035) ∧ note(z1035) ∧ :poss(z1035, z1036) ∧ person(z1036) ∧ :wiki(z1036, "Luis_Buñuel") ∧ :name(z1036, z1037) ∧ name(z1037) ∧ :op1(z1037, "Leibniz") ∧ :ARG2(z1034, z1038) ∧ section(z1038) ∧ :mod(z1038, z1039) ∧ early(z1039) ∧ :part(z1040, z1038) ∧ book(z1040) ∧ :poss(z1040, z1041) ∧ person(z1041) ∧ :wiki(z1041, "Newton") ∧ :name(z1041, z105) ∧ name(z105) ∧ :op1(z105, "Newton") ∧ :snt11(z88, z106) ∧ chapter(z106) ∧ :mod(z106, z107) ∧ chapter(z107) ∧ :mod(z107, z1042) ∧ early(z1042) ∧ :part(z102, z107) ∧ book(z102) ∧ :snt12(z88, z103) ∧ chapter(z103) ∧ :mod(z103, z104) ∧ chapter(z104) ∧ :mod(z104, z1043) ∧ before(z1043) ∧ :op1(z1043, z1044) ∧ present-01(z1044) ∧ :ARG1(z1044, z1045) ∧ and(z1045) ∧ :op1(z1045, z1046) ∧ concept(z1046) ∧ :op2(z1045, z1047) ∧ technique(z1047) ∧ :mod(z1045, z108) ∧ calculus(z108) ∧ :poss(z1045, z1048) ∧ person(z1048) ∧ :wiki(z1048, "Newton") ∧ :name(z1048, z1049) ∧ name(z1049) ∧ :op1(z1049, "Newton") ∧ :snt13(z49, z1050) ∧ chapter(z1050) ∧ :mod(z1050, z2000) ∧ thing(z2000)


Since the 1950s, humans have discarded up to 1 billion tons of plastic, which may exist for hundreds or even thousands of years. Recently, a scientific research team found a fungus called endophyte in the Amazon rainforest, which can degrade ordinary polyurethane plastics. Researchers believe that using the characteristics of this fungus will hopefully help humans eliminate the threat posed by plastic waste.

Question: Which of the following preconditions should be the judgment of researchers based on?

Choices:
- Plastic waste is the main kind of waste produced by human activities
- Endophytic bacteria can decompose plastic products well under any conditions
- At present, the vast majority of plastic waste belongs to ordinary polyurethane plastics
- This fungus can also survive and grow normally in other parts of the earth

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / discard-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / human)
              :ARG1 (z3 / plastic
                        :quant (z4 / up-to
                                   :op1 (z5 / mass-quantity
                                            :quant 1000000000
                                            :unit (z6 / ton)))
                        :ARG1-of (z7 / exist-01
                                     :duration (z8 / or
                                                   :op1 (z9 / multiple
                                                            :op1 (z10 / temporal-quantity
                                                                      :quant 100
                                                                      :unit (z11 / year)))
                                                   :op2 (z12 / multiple
                                                             :op1 (z13 / temporal-quantity
                                                                       :quant 1000
                                                                       :unit (z14 / year)
                                                                       :mod (z15 / even))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z16 / possible-01)))
              :time (z17 / since
                         :op1 (z18 / date-entity
                                   :decade 1950))
              :time (z19 / since
                         :op1 (z20 / discard-01
                                   :ARG0 z2
                                   :ARG1 z3))
              :snt2 (z21 / find-01
                         :ARG0 (z22 / team
                                    :ARG0-of (z23 / research-01
                                                  :mod (z24 / science)))
                         :ARG1 (z25 / fungus
                                    :wiki "Endophyte"
                                    :name (z26 / name
                                               :op1 "Endophyte")
                                    :location (z27 / rainforest
                                                   :mod (z28 / world-region
                                                             :wiki "Amazon_basin"
                                                             :name (z29 / name
                                                                        :op1 "Amazon")))
                                    :ARG0-of (z30 / degrade-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z31 / plastic
                                                             :mod (z32 / polyurethane
                                                                       :mod (z33 / ordinary)))
                                                  :ARG1-of (z34 / possible-01))
                                    :ARG1-of (z35 / call-01
                                                  :ARG2 z25))
                         :time (z36 / recent))
              :snt3 (z37 / believe-01
                         :ARG0 (z38 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z39 / research-01))
                         :ARG1 (z40 / use-01
                                    :ARG0 z38
                                    :ARG1 (z41 / thing
                                               :ARG2-of (z42 / characteristic-02
                                                             :ARG1 (z43 / fungus
                                                                        :mod (z44 / this))))
                                    :ARG0-of (z45 / help-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z46 / eliminate-01
                                                             :ARG0 z38
                                                             :ARG1 (z47 / threaten-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z48 / waste-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z49 / plastic))))
                                                  :ARG2 (z50 / human)
                                                  :ARG1-of (z51 / hope-01))))
              :snt4 (z52 / believe-01
                         :ARG0 (z53 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z54 / research-01))
                         :ARG1 (z55 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z56 / use-01
                                               :ARG0 z53
                                               :ARG1 (z57 / thing
                                                          :ARG2-of (z58 / characteristic-02
                                                                        :ARG1 (z59 / fungus
                                                                                :mod (z60 / this)))))))
              :snt5 (z61 / find-01
                         :ARG0 (z62 / team
                                    :ARG0-of (z63 / research-01)
                                    :mod (z64 / science))
                         :ARG1 (z65 / fungus
                                    :wiki "Endophyte"
                                    :name (z66 / name
                                               :op1 "Endophyte")
                                    :location (z67 / rainforest
                                                   :mod (z68 / world-region
                                                             :wiki "Amazon_basin"
                                                             :name (z69 / name
                                                                        :op1 "Amazon")))
                                    :ARG0-of (z70 / degrade-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z71 / plastic
                                                             :mod (z72 / ordinary)
                                                             :consist-of (z73 / polyurethane
                                                                              :mod (z74 / polycarbonate)))
                                                  :ARG1-of (z75 / possible-01)))
                         :time (z76 / recent))
              :snt6 (z77 / and
                         :op1 (z78 / go-01
                                   :ARG1 (z79 / straw)
                                   :ARG2 (z80 / up-to
                                              :op1 (z81 / mass-quantity
                                                        :quant 1000000000
                                                        :unit (z82 / ton))))
                         :op2 (z83 / go-01
                                   :ARG1 (z84 / straw)
                                   :ARG2 (z85 / up-to
                                              :op1 (z86 / mass-quantity
                                                        :quant 1000000000
                                                        :unit (z87 / ton))))
                         :time (z88 / since
                                    :op1 (z89 / date-entity
                                              :decade 1950)))
              :snt7 (z90 / possible-01
                         :ARG1 (z91 / exist-01
                                    :ARG1 (z92 / plastic
                                               :ARG1-of (z93 / exist-01
                                                             :duration (z94 / multiple
                                                                            :op1 (z95 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 100
                                                                                :unit (z96 / year))))))))
    :snt8 (z97 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z98 / exist-01
                          :ARG1 (z99 / fungus
                                     :wiki "Endophyte"
                                     :name (z100 / name
                                                 :op1 "Endophyte"))
                          :duration (z101 / multiple
                                          :op1 (z102 / or
                                                     :op1 (z1000 / temporal-quantity
                                                                 :quant 100
                                                                 :unit (z1001 / year))
                                                     :op2 (z1002 / multiple
                                                                 :op1 (z1003 / temporal-quantity
                                                                             :quant 1000
                                                                             :unit (z1004 / year))))))
               :prep-in (z1005 / rainforest
                               :mod (z1006 / world-region
                                           :wiki "Amazon_rainforest"
                                           :name (z1007 / name
                                                        :op1 "Amazon"))))
    :snt9 (z1008 / possible-01
                 :ARG1 (z1009 / degrade-01
                              :ARG1 (z1010 / plastic
                                           :mod (z1011 / ordinary)
                                           :ARG1-of (z1012 / degrade-01))))
    :snt10 (z1013 / possible-01
                  :ARG1 (z1014 / degrade-01
                               :ARG1 (z1015 / fungus
                                            :wiki "Endophyte"
                                            :name (z1016 / name
                                                         :op1 "Endophyte")))
                  :prep-in (z1017 / rainforest
                                  :mod (z1018 / forest
                                              :wiki "Amazon_rainforest"
                                              :name (z1019 / name
                                                           :op1 "Amazon")))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ discard-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ human(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ plastic(z3) ∧ :quant(z3, z4) ∧ up-to(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, z5) ∧ mass-quantity(z5) ∧ :quant(z5, 1000000000) ∧ :unit(z5, z6) ∧ ton(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z3) ∧ exist-01(z7) ∧ :duration(z7, z8) ∧ or(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ multiple(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ temporal-quantity(z10) ∧ :quant(z10, 100) ∧ :unit(z10, z11) ∧ year(z11) ∧ :op2(z8, z12) ∧ multiple(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ temporal-quantity(z13) ∧ :quant(z13, 1000) ∧ :unit(z13, z14) ∧ year(z14) ∧ :mod(z13, z15) ∧ even(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z7) ∧ possible-01(z16) ∧ :time(z1, z17) ∧ since(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, z18) ∧ date-entity(z18) ∧ :decade(z18, 1950) ∧ :time(z1, z19) ∧ since(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ discard-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z3) ∧ :snt2(z1, z21) ∧ find-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ team(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z22) ∧ research-01(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ science(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z25) ∧ fungus(z25) ∧ :wiki(z25, "Endophyte") ∧ :name(z25, z26) ∧ name(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, "Endophyte") ∧ :location(z25, z27) ∧ rainforest(z27) ∧ :mod(z27, z28) ∧ world-region(z28) ∧ :wiki(z28, "Amazon_basin") ∧ :name(z28, z29) ∧ name(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, "Amazon") ∧ :ARG0(z30, z25) ∧ degrade-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ plastic(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ polyurethane(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ ordinary(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z30) ∧ possible-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z25) ∧ call-01(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z25) ∧ :time(z21, z36) ∧ recent(z36) ∧ :snt3(z1, z37) ∧ believe-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ person(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z38) ∧ research-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z40) ∧ use-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ thing(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z41) ∧ characteristic-02(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ fungus(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z44) ∧ this(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z40) ∧ help-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ eliminate-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z38) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ threaten-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ waste-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ plastic(z49) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z50) ∧ human(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z45) ∧ hope-01(z51) ∧ :snt4(z1, z52) ∧ believe-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ person(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z54, z53) ∧ research-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z55) ∧ possible-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ use-01(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z53) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ thing(z57) ∧ :ARG2(z58, z57) ∧ characteristic-02(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ fungus(z59) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ this(z60) ∧ :snt5(z1, z61) ∧ find-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z62) ∧ team(z62) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z62) ∧ research-01(z63) ∧ :mod(z62, z64) ∧ science(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z65) ∧ fungus(z65) ∧ :wiki(z65, "Endophyte") ∧ :name(z65, z66) ∧ name(z66) ∧ :op1(z66, "Endophyte") ∧ :location(z65, z67) ∧ rainforest(z67) ∧ :mod(z67, z68) ∧ world-region(z68) ∧ :wiki(z68, "Amazon_basin") ∧ :name(z68, z69) ∧ name(z69) ∧ :op1(z69, "Amazon") ∧ :ARG0(z70, z65) ∧ degrade-01(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ plastic(z71) ∧ :mod(z71, z72) ∧ ordinary(z72) ∧ :consist(z73, z71) ∧ polyurethane(z73) ∧ :mod(z73, z74) ∧ polycarbonate(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z70) ∧ possible-01(z75) ∧ :time(z61, z76) ∧ recent(z76) ∧ :snt6(z1, z77) ∧ and(z77) ∧ :op1(z77, z78) ∧ go-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ straw(z79) ∧ :ARG2(z78, z80) ∧ up-to(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, z81) ∧ mass-quantity(z81) ∧ :quant(z81, 1000000000) ∧ :unit(z81, z82) ∧ ton(z82) ∧ :op2(z77, z83) ∧ go-01(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z84) ∧ straw(z84) ∧ :ARG2(z83, z85) ∧ up-to(z85) ∧ :op1(z85, z86) ∧ mass-quantity(z86) ∧ :quant(z86, 1000000000) ∧ :unit(z86, z87) ∧ ton(z87) ∧ :time(z77, z88) ∧ since(z88) ∧ :op1(z88, z89) ∧ date-entity(z89) ∧ :decade(z89, 1950) ∧ :snt7(z1, z90) ∧ possible-01(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z91) ∧ exist-01(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ plastic(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z92) ∧ exist-01(z93) ∧ :duration(z93, z94) ∧ multiple(z94) ∧ :op1(z94, z95) ∧ temporal-quantity(z95) ∧ :quant(z95, 100) ∧ :unit(z95, z96) ∧ year(z96) ∧ :snt8(z0, z97) ∧ possible-01(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z98) ∧ exist-01(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z99) ∧ fungus(z99) ∧ :wiki(z99, "Endophyte") ∧ :name(z99, z100) ∧ name(z100) ∧ :op1(z100, "Endophyte") ∧ :duration(z98, z101) ∧ multiple(z101) ∧ :op1(z101, z102) ∧ or(z102) ∧ :op1(z102, z1000) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1000) ∧ :quant(z1000, 100) ∧ :unit(z1000, z1001) ∧ year(z1001) ∧ :op2(z102, z1002) ∧ multiple(z1002) ∧ :op1(z1002, z1003) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1003) ∧ :quant(z1003, 1000) ∧ :unit(z1003, z1004) ∧ year(z1004) ∧ :prep-in(z97, z1005) ∧ rainforest(z1005) ∧ :mod(z1005, z1006) ∧ world-region(z1006) ∧ :wiki(z1006, "Amazon_rainforest") ∧ :name(z1006, z1007) ∧ name(z1007) ∧ :op1(z1007, "Amazon") ∧ :snt9(z0, z1008) ∧ possible-01(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1008, z1009) ∧ degrade-01(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1010) ∧ plastic(z1010) ∧ :mod(z1010, z1011) ∧ ordinary(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1010) ∧ degrade-01(z1012) ∧ :snt10(z0, z1013) ∧ possible-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z1014) ∧ degrade-01(z1014) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1015) ∧ fungus(z1015) ∧ :wiki(z1015, "Endophyte") ∧ :name(z1015, z1016) ∧ name(z1016) ∧ :op1(z1016, "Endophyte") ∧ :prep-in(z1013, z1017) ∧ rainforest(z1017) ∧ :mod(z1017, z1018) ∧ forest(z1018) ∧ :wiki(z1018, "Amazon_rainforest") ∧ :name(z1018, z1019) ∧ name(z1019) ∧ :op1(z1019, "Amazon")


The heavy historical and cultural heritage is not the burden of urban construction and urban development, but the house of spiritual ideas is easy to agglomerate into the greatest wealth of modern construction.The development of people has a cultural effect in the internal power, and the substantial improvement is the integration of various cultural forms of residents' quality.

Question: Which of the following best supports this view?

Choices:
- The concept of historical and cultural landscape as a new viewpoint of urban construction is still difficult to be accepted by people
- Wealth at the material level is the touchable foundation of urban construction
- Historical and cultural heritage is beneficial to improving the spiritual quality of the city and shaping the style and image of the city
- Cultural construction is the main component of urban construction

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / contrast-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / burden-01
                        :polarity -
                        :ARG1 (z3 / and
                                  :op1 (z4 / construct-01
                                           :ARG1 (z5 / urban))
                                  :op2 (z6 / develop-02
                                           :ARG1 z5))
                        :ARG2 (z7 / and
                                  :op1 (z8 / heritage
                                           :mod (z9 / history)
                                           :mod (z10 / heavy))
                                  :op2 (z11 / heritage
                                            :mod (z12 / culture)
                                            :mod z10)))
              :ARG2 (z13 / easy-05
                         :ARG1 (z14 / agglomerate-01
                                    :ARG1 (z15 / house
                                               :mod (z16 / idea
                                                         :mod (z17 / spirit)))
                                    :ARG2 (z18 / wealth
                                               :poss (z19 / construct-01
                                                          :ARG1-of (z20 / modern-02))
                                               :ARG1-of (z21 / have-degree-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z22 / great)
                                                             :ARG3 (z23 / most))))))
    :snt2 (z24 / and
               :op1 (z25 / affect-01
                         :ARG0 (z26 / develop-02
                                    :ARG1 (z27 / person))
                         :ARG1 (z28 / power
                                    :ARG1-of (z29 / internal-02))
                         :mod (z30 / culture))
               :op2 (z31 / improve-01
                         :mod (z32 / substantial)
                         :domain (z33 / integrate-01
                                      :ARG1 (z34 / form
                                                 :mod (z35 / various)
                                                 :mod (z36 / culture)
                                                 :mod (z37 / quality
                                                           :poss (z38 / person
                                                                      :ARG0-of (z39 / reside-01)))))))
    :snt3 (z40 / spring-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / Brotherhood)
               :ARG2 (z42 / out)
               :direction (z43 / into)
               :ARG1-of (z44 / easy-05))
    :snt4 (z45 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z46 / develop-02
                          :ARG1 (z47 / person))
               :ARG1 (z48 / burden-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 z41
                          :ARG2 (z49 / and
                                     :op1 (z50 / construct-01
                                               :ARG1 (z51 / urban))
                                     :op2 (z52 / develop-02
                                               :ARG1 z51)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ contrast-01(z1) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ burden-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ and(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, z4) ∧ construct-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ urban(z5) ∧ :op2(z3, z6) ∧ develop-02(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z7) ∧ and(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, z8) ∧ heritage(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ history(z9) ∧ :mod(z8, z10) ∧ heavy(z10) ∧ :op2(z7, z11) ∧ heritage(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ culture(z12) ∧ :mod(z11, z10)) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z13) ∧ easy-05(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ agglomerate-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ house(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ idea(z16) ∧ :mod(z16, z17) ∧ spirit(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z18) ∧ wealth(z18) ∧ :poss(z18, z19) ∧ construct-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ modern-02(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z18) ∧ have-degree-91(z21) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z22) ∧ great(z22) ∧ :ARG3(z21, z23) ∧ most(z23) ∧ :snt2(z0, z24) ∧ and(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z25) ∧ affect-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ develop-02(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ person(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z28) ∧ power(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z28) ∧ internal-02(z29) ∧ :mod(z25, z30) ∧ culture(z30) ∧ :op2(z24, z31) ∧ improve-01(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ substantial(z32) ∧ :domain(z31, z33) ∧ integrate-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ form(z34) ∧ :mod(z34, z35) ∧ various(z35) ∧ :mod(z34, z36) ∧ culture(z36) ∧ :mod(z34, z37) ∧ quality(z37) ∧ :poss(z37, z38) ∧ person(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z38) ∧ reside-01(z39) ∧ :snt3(z0, z40) ∧ spring-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ Brotherhood(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z42) ∧ out(z42) ∧ :direction(z40, z43) ∧ into(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z40) ∧ easy-05(z44) ∧ :snt4(z0, z45) ∧ cause-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z46) ∧ develop-02(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ person(z47) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z45, z48) ∧ burden-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z49) ∧ and(z49) ∧ :op1(z49, z50) ∧ construct-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ urban(z51) ∧ :op2(z49, z52) ∧ develop-02(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z51))


One theater plans to present seven plays over seven weeks in the fall. They are F, G., J, K, O, R, S. There is one play a week, and each play runs exactly one week. The repertory must meet the following conditions :(1) G must be performed in the third week. (2) O and S cannot be performed continuously. (3) K must be staged before J and S. (4) F and J must be scheduled to perform in two consecutive weeks.

Question: Which of the following statements, if true, best explains the expert's seemingly contradictory attitude?

Choices:
- In August 2011, Vietnam conducted joint military exercises with the United States in the South China Sea.
- The US, Japan, India and other countries took advantage of China's aircraft carrier's trial flight to stir up a new China threat theory.
- The Chinese navy has not fully deployed transport ships and refueling vessels to support the carrier. The destroyers and submarines that guard the carrier are also vulnerable.
- Carriers need support and escort, and the more they are built, the fewer resources there are to build other ships and aircraft to support them.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / plan-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / theater
                        :quant 1)
              :ARG1 (z3 / present-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1 (z4 / thing
                                  :quant 7
                                  :ARG1-of (z5 / play-11))
                        :duration (z6 / temporal-quantity
                                      :quant 7
                                      :unit (z7 / week))
                        :time (z8 / date-entity
                                  :season (z9 / fall))))
    :snt2 (z10 / they
               :domain (z11 / and
                            :op1 (z12 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z13 / name
                                                 :op1 "F"))
                            :op2 (z14 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z15 / name
                                                 :op1 "G"))
                            :op3 (z16 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z17 / name
                                                 :op1 "J"))
                            :op4 (z18 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z19 / name
                                                 :op1 "K"))
                            :op5 (z20 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z21 / name
                                                 :op1 "O"))
                            :op6 (z22 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z23 / name
                                                 :op1 "R"))
                            :op7 (z24 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z25 / name
                                                 :op1 "S"))
                            :op8 (z26 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z27 / name
                                                 :op1 "F"))
                            :op9 (z28 / person
                                      :wiki -
                                      :name (z29 / name
                                                 :op1 "G"))
                            :op10 (z30 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z31 / name
                                                  :op1 "K"))
                            :op11 (z32 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z33 / name
                                                  :op1 "O"))
                            :op12 (z34 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z35 / name
                                                  :op1 "R"))
                            :op13 (z36 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z37 / name
                                                  :op1 "S"))
                            :op14 (z38 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z39 / name
                                                  :op1 "F"))
                            :op15 (z40 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z41 / name
                                                  :op1 "G"))
                            :op16 (z42 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z43 / name
                                                  :op1 "R"))
                            :op17 (z44 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z45 / name
                                                  :op1 "K"))
                            :op18 (z46 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z47 / name
                                                  :op1 "R"))
                            :op19 (z48 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z49 / name
                                                  :op1 "S"))
                            :op20 (z50 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z51 / name
                                                  :op1 "O"))
                            :op21 (z52 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z53 / name
                                                  :op1 "R"))
                            :op22 (z54 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z55 / name
                                                  :op1 "K"))
                            :op23 (z56 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z57 / name
                                                  :op1 "R"))
                            :op24 (z58 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z59 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op25 (z60 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z61 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op26 (z62 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z63 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op27 (z64 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z65 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op28 (z66 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z67 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op31 (z68 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z69 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op32 (z70 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z71 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op33 (z72 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z73 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op34 (z74 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z75 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op35 (z76 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z77 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op36 (z78 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z79 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op39 (z80 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z81 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op40 (z82 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z83 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op41 (z84 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z85 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op42 (z86 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z87 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op43 (z88 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z89 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op44 (z90 / person
                                       :wiki -
                                       :name (z91 / name
                                                  :op1 "A"))
                            :op45 (z92 / rate-entity-91
                                       :ARG1 (z93 / thing
                                                  :ARG1-of (z94 / play-11
                                                                :ARG3 (z95 / temporal-quantity
                                                                           :quant 1
                                                                           :unit (z96 / week))))
                                       :ARG2 (z97 / temporal-quantity
                                                  :quant 1
                                                  :unit (z98 / day)))
                            :op6 (z99 / run-01
                                      :ARG1 (z100 / play-11
                                                  :ARG1 (z101 / thing
                                                              :ARG1-of (z102 / play-11
                                                                             :ARG3 (z1000 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z1001 / week))))
                                                  :ARG2 (z1002 / temporal-quantity
                                                               :quant 1
                                                               :unit (z1003 / day)))
                                      :op7 (z1004 / run-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z1005 / thing
                                                               :ARG1-of (z1006 / run-01)
                                                               :ARG1-of (z1007 / run-01)))
                                      :op8 (z1008 / obligate-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z1009 / meet-01
                                                               :ARG0 (z1010 / repertory)
                                                               :ARG1-of (z1011 / follow-01
                                                                               :ARG2 (z1012 / condition
                                                                                :li 1))))))
               :op9 (z1013 / and
                           :op1 (z1014 / obligate-01
                                       :ARG1 (z1015 / perform-02
                                                    :ARG0 (z1016 / person
                                                                 :wiki -
                                                                 :name (z1017 / name
                                                                              :op1 "G"))
                                                    :time (z1018 / week
                                                                 :ord (z1019 / ordinal-entity
                                                                             :value 3))))
                           :op2 (z1020 / possible-01
                                       :polarity -
                                       :ARG1 (z1021 / perform-01
                                                    :ARG0 (z1022 / person
                                                                 :wiki -
                                                                 :name (z1023 / name
                                                                              :op1 "O"))
                                                    :ARG1-of (z1024 / continue-01))
                                       :time (z1025 / before
                                                    :op1 (z1026 / and
                                                                :op1 (z1027 / person
                                                                            :wiki -
                                                                            :name (z103 / name
                                                                                :op1 "K"))))))))


At home, the concept of privatization seems to be the division of state-owned assets. In essence, it is a matter of protecting the ownership of private property. If there is no legal basis for the protection of this right, the state-owned assets can be divided and the divided property can be confiscated at any time.

Question: If the above is true, which of the followings is most strongly supported?

Choices:
- If there is no private property to protect, the law to protect private property is meaningless.
- Even if there are laws to protect private property, it will not help if they cannot be effectively enforced.
- The system of privatization is based on the legal right to own private property.
- Privatization and market liberalization are issues that should be paid attention to in the socialist market economy.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / seem-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / divide-02
                        :ARG1 (z3 / asset
                                  :ARG1-of (z4 / own-01
                                               :ARG0 (z5 / state)))
                        :domain (z6 / concept
                                    :topic (z7 / privatize-01)))
              :location (z8 / home))
    :snt2 (z9 / matter
              :topic (z10 / protect-01
                          :ARG1 (z11 / own-01
                                     :ARG1 (z12 / property
                                                :ARG1-of (z13 / private-02))))
              :mod (z14 / essence)
              :domain (z15 / it))
    :snt3 (z16 / have-condition-91
               :ARG1 (z17 / and
                          :op1 (z18 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z19 / divide-02
                                               :ARG1 (z20 / asset
                                                          :ARG1-of (z21 / own-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z22 / state)))))
                          :op2 (z23 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z24 / confiscate-01
                                               :ARG1 z20
                                               :time (z25 / any))))
               :ARG2 (z26 / base-02
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z27 / protect-01
                                     :ARG1 (z28 / right-05
                                                :mod (z29 / this)))
                          :ARG1-of (z30 / legal-02)))
    :snt4 (z31 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z32 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z33 / and
                                     :op1 (z34 / divide-02
                                               :ARG1 (z35 / asset
                                                          :ARG1-of (z36 / own-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z37 / state))))
                                     :op2 (z38 / confiscate-01
                                               :ARG1 z35
                                               :time (z39 / time
                                                          :mod (z40 / any)))))
               :ARG2 (z41 / exist-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z42 / base-02
                                     :ARG1 (z43 / protect-01
                                                :ARG1 z28)
                                     :ARG1-of (z44 / legal-02))))
    :snt5 (z45 / seem-01
               :ARG1 (z46 / go-01
                          :ARG1 (z47 / idea
                                     :topic (z48 / privatize-01))
                          :ARG4 (z49 / concern-02
                                     :ARG1 (z50 / divide-02
                                                :ARG1 (z51 / asset
                                                           :ARG1-of (z52 / own-01
                                                                         :ARG0 (z53 / state)))))
                          :direction (z54 / out)))
    :snt6 (z55 / be-temporally-at-91
               :ARG2 (z56 / time
                          :mod (z57 / any)))
    :snt7 (z58 / go-on-15
               :ARG1 (z59 / tie-up-05
                          :ARG1 (z60 / and
                                     :op1 (z61 / asset
                                               :ARG1-of (z62 / own-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z63 / state)))
                                     :op2 (z64 / property
                                               :ARG1-of (z65 / divide-02))))
               :snt8 (z66 / matter
                          :topic (z67 / protect-01
                                      :ARG1 (z68 / own-01
                                                 :ARG1 (z69 / property
                                                            :ARG1-of (z70 / private-02))))
                          :mod (z71 / essence)))
    :topic (z73 / protect-01
                :ARG1 (z74 / own-01
                           :ARG1 (z75 / property
                                      :ARG1-of (z76 / private-03)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ seem-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ divide-02(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ asset(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ own-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ state(z5) ∧ :domain(z2, z6) ∧ concept(z6) ∧ :topic(z6, z7) ∧ privatize-01(z7) ∧ :location(z1, z8) ∧ home(z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ matter(z9) ∧ :topic(z9, z10) ∧ protect-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ own-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ property(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z12) ∧ private-02(z13) ∧ :mod(z9, z14) ∧ essence(z14) ∧ :domain(z9, z15) ∧ it(z15) ∧ :snt3(z0, z16) ∧ have-condition-91(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ and(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, z18) ∧ possible-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ divide-02(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ asset(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ own-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ state(z22) ∧ :op2(z17, z23) ∧ possible-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ confiscate-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z20) ∧ :time(z24, z25) ∧ any(z25) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z16, z26) ∧ base-02(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ protect-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ right-05(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ this(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z26) ∧ legal-02(z30)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z31) ∧ have-concession-91(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ possible-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ and(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, z34) ∧ divide-02(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ asset(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z35) ∧ own-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z37) ∧ state(z37) ∧ :op2(z33, z38) ∧ confiscate-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z35) ∧ :time(z38, z39) ∧ time(z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ any(z40) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z31, z41) ∧ exist-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ base-02(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ protect-01(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z28) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z42) ∧ legal-02(z44)) ∧ :snt5(z0, z45) ∧ seem-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ go-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ idea(z47) ∧ :topic(z47, z48) ∧ privatize-01(z48) ∧ :ARG4(z46, z49) ∧ concern-02(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ divide-02(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ asset(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z51) ∧ own-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ state(z53) ∧ :direction(z46, z54) ∧ out(z54) ∧ :snt6(z0, z55) ∧ be-temporally-at-91(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z56) ∧ time(z56) ∧ :mod(z56, z57) ∧ any(z57) ∧ :snt7(z0, z58) ∧ go-on-15(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ tie-up-05(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ and(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, z61) ∧ asset(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z61) ∧ own-01(z62) ∧ :ARG0(z62, z63) ∧ state(z63) ∧ :op2(z60, z64) ∧ property(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z64) ∧ divide-02(z65) ∧ :snt8(z58, z66) ∧ matter(z66) ∧ :topic(z66, z67) ∧ protect-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ own-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ property(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z69) ∧ private-02(z70) ∧ :mod(z66, z71) ∧ essence(z71) ∧ :topic(z0, z73) ∧ protect-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ own-01(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z75) ∧ property(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z75) ∧ private-03(z76)


If Li Jia passes the exam, Li Hua, Sun Tao and Zhao Lin must also pass.

Question: Which of the followings can be infered

Choices:
- If Li Jia fails, at least one of Li Hua, Sun Tao and Zhao Linzhong fails
- If Li Hua, Sun Tao and Zhao Lin all pass, Li Jia's grades must also pass
- If Zhao Lin fails, Li Hua and Sun Tao are not both pass the exam
- If Sun Tao fails, Li Jia and Zhao Lin are not both pass the exam

(z0 / obligate-01
    :ARG2 (z1 / pass-07
              :ARG1 (z2 / and
                        :op1 (z3 / person
                                 :wiki -
                                 :name (z4 / name
                                           :op1 "Li"
                                           :op2 "Hua"))
                        :op2 (z5 / person
                                 :wiki "Tung_Chee-hwa"
                                 :name (z6 / name
                                           :op1 "Sun"
                                           :op2 "Tao"))
                        :op3 (z7 / person
                                 :wiki "Zhao_Lin"
                                 :name (z8 / name
                                           :op1 "Zhao"
                                           :op2 "Lin")))
              :mod (z9 / also))
    :condition (z10 / pass-07
                    :ARG1 (z11 / person
                               :wiki -
                               :name (z12 / name
                                          :op1 "Li"
                                          :op2 "Jia"))
                    :ARG2 (z13 / exam))
    :ARG1-of (z14 / mean-01
                  :ARG2 (z15 / obligate-01
                             :ARG2 (z16 / pass-07
                                        :ARG1 (z17 / and
                                                   :op1 z3
                                                   :op2 z5
                                                   :op3 z7)
                                        :mod z9)))
    :ARG1-of (z18 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z19 / fail-01
                             :ARG1 (z20 / and
                                        :op1 z3
                                        :op2 z5
                                        :op3 z7)))
    :ARG1-of (z21 / sense-02))


Essayist: When the first prehistoric migrations of humans from Asia to North America took place, the small bands of new arrivals encountered many species of animals that would be extinct only 2, 000 years later. Since it is implausible that hunting by these small bands of humans could have had such an effect, and since disease-causing microorganisms not native to North America were undoubtedly borne by the new arrivals as well as by the animals that followed them, these microorganisms were probably the crucial factor that accounts for the extinctions.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, most weakens the essayist's argument?

Choices:
- Very few species of North American animals not hunted by the new arrivals from Asia were extinct 2, 000 years after the first migrations.
- Individual humans and animals can carry a disease-causing microorganism without themselves suffering from the disease.
- Animals weakened by disease are not only less able to avoid hunters but are also less able to avoid their other predators.
- Human beings generally have a substantial degree of biological immunity to the diseases carried by other species.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / essayist)
              :ARG1 (z3 / encounter-01
                        :ARG0 (z4 / band
                                  :mod (z5 / small)
                                  :ARG1-of (z6 / arrive-01
                                               :ARG1-of (z7 / new-01)))
                        :ARG1 (z8 / species
                                  :quant (z9 / many)
                                  :mod (z10 / animal)
                                  :ARG1-of (z11 / extinct
                                                :time (z12 / after
                                                           :quant (z13 / temporal-quantity
                                                                       :quant 2000
                                                                       :unit (z14 / year)
                                                                       :mod (z15 / only)))))
                        :time (z16 / migrate-01
                                   :ARG0 (z17 / human)
                                   :ARG1 (z18 / continent
                                              :wiki "North_America"
                                              :name (z19 / name
                                                         :op1 "North"
                                                         :op2 "America"))
                                   :ARG2 (z20 / continent
                                              :wiki "Asia"
                                              :name (z21 / name
                                                         :op1 "Asia"))
                                   :time (z22 / before
                                              :op1 (z23 / now))
                                   :mod (z24 / before
                                             :op1 (z25 / now))
                                   :mod (z26 / prehistoric)
                                   :ord (z27 / ordinal-entity
                                             :value 1))))
    :snt2 (z28 / factor
               :mod (z29 / crucial)
               :ARG0-of (z30 / account-01
                             :ARG1 (z31 / extinction))
               :domain (z32 / microorganism
                            :mod (z33 / this))
               :mod (z34 / probable)
               :ARG1-of (z35 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z36 / and
                                        :op1 (z37 / possible-01
                                                  :polarity -
                                                  :ARG1 (z38 / believe-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z39 / possible-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z40 / hunt-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z41 / band
                                                                                :mod (z42 / small)
                                                                                :consist-of (z43 / human)
                                                                                :mod (z44 / this))
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z45 / affect-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z46 / such))))))
                                        :op2 (z47 / bear-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z48 / and
                                                             :op1 (z49 / animal
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z50 / arrive-01)
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z51 / new-01))
                                                             :op2 (z52 / animal
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z53 / follow-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z49)))
                                                  :ARG1 (z54 / microorganism
                                                             :ARG0-of (z55 / cause-01
                                                                           :ARG1 (z56 / disease))
                                                             :ARG1-of (z57 / native
                                                                           :polarity -
                                                                           :ARG2 z18))
                                                  :ARG1-of (z58 / doubt-01
                                                                :polarity -))
                                        :op3 (z59 / bear-02
                                                  :ARG0 (z60 / and
                                                             :op1 z49
                                                             :op2 z52
                                                             :op3 (z61 / animal
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z62 / follow-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z49)))
                                                  :ARG1 z54
                                                  :ARG1-of (z63 / doubt-01
                                                                :polarity -)))))
    :snt3 (z64 / encounter-01
               :ARG0 (z65 / you)
               :ARG1 (z66 / species
                          :mod (z67 / animal)
                          :quant (z68 / many)
                          :ARG1-of (z69 / extinct
                                        :time (z70 / after
                                                   :op1 (z71 / now)
                                                   :quant (z72 / temporal-quantity
                                                               :quant 2000
                                                               :unit (z73 / year)))))
               :time (z74 / migrate-01
                          :ARG0 (z75 / human)
                          :ARG1 (z76 / continent
                                     :wiki "North_America"
                                     :name (z77 / name
                                                :op1 "North"
                                                :op2 "America"))
                          :ARG2 (z78 / continent
                                     :wiki "Asia"
                                     :name (z79 / name
                                                :op1 "Asia"))
                          :time (z80 / before
                                     :op1 (z81 / now))
                          :mod (z82 / prehistoric)
                          :ord (z83 / ordinal-entity
                                    :value 1)))
    :snt4 (z84 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z85 / i)
               :ARG1 (z86 / encounter-01
                          :ARG0 (z87 / you)
                          :ARG1 (z88 / species
                                     :mod (z89 / animal)
                                     :ARG1-of (z90 / extinct
                                                   :time (z91 / after
                                                              :op1 (z92 / now)
                                                              :quant (z1000 / temporal-quantity
                                                                            :quant 2500
                                                                            :unit (z1001 / year)))))))
    :ARG0 (z1003 / you)
    :ARG1 (z1004 / and
                 :op1 (z1005 / plausible
                             :polarity -
                             :domain (z1006 / implicate-01
                                            :ARG1 (z1007 / hunt-01
                                                         :ARG0 (z1008 / band
                                                                      :mod (z1009 / human)
                                                                      :mod (z1010 / small))
                                                         :ARG0-of (z1011 / have-03
                                                                         :ARG1 (z1012 / effect
                                                                                :mod (z1013 / such))))))
                 :op2 (z1014 / bear-01
                             :ARG0 (z1015 / microorganism
                                          :mod (z1016 / as-well)
                                          :ARG0-of (z93 / cause-01
                                                        :ARG1 (z94 / disease))
                                          :ARG1-of (z95 / bear-02
                                                        :ARG0 (z96 / and
                                                                   :op1 (z97 / person
                                                                             :ARG1-of (z98 / arrive-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z99 / new-01)))
                                                                   :op2 (z100 / animal
                                                                              :ARG1-of (z101 / follow-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z97))))
                                          :ARG1-of (z102 / doubt-01
                                                         :polarity -)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ essayist(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ encounter-01(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z4) ∧ band(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ small(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z4) ∧ arrive-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ new-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z8) ∧ species(z8) ∧ :quant(z8, z9) ∧ many(z9) ∧ :mod(z8, z10) ∧ animal(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z8) ∧ extinct(z11) ∧ :time(z11, z12) ∧ after(z12) ∧ :quant(z12, z13) ∧ temporal-quantity(z13) ∧ :quant(z13, 2000) ∧ :unit(z13, z14) ∧ year(z14) ∧ :mod(z13, z15) ∧ only(z15) ∧ :time(z3, z16) ∧ migrate-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ human(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z18) ∧ continent(z18) ∧ :wiki(z18, "North_America") ∧ :name(z18, z19) ∧ name(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, "North") ∧ :op2(z19, "America") ∧ :ARG2(z16, z20) ∧ continent(z20) ∧ :wiki(z20, "Asia") ∧ :name(z20, z21) ∧ name(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, "Asia") ∧ :time(z16, z22) ∧ before(z22) ∧ :op1(z22, z23) ∧ now(z23) ∧ :mod(z16, z24) ∧ before(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z25) ∧ now(z25) ∧ :mod(z16, z26) ∧ prehistoric(z26) ∧ :ord(z16, z27) ∧ ordinal-entity(z27) ∧ :value(z27, 1) ∧ :snt2(z0, z28) ∧ factor(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ crucial(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z28) ∧ account-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ extinction(z31) ∧ :domain(z28, z32) ∧ microorganism(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ this(z33) ∧ :mod(z28, z34) ∧ probable(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z28) ∧ cause-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z36) ∧ and(z36) ∧ ¬(:op1(z36, z37) ∧ possible-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ believe-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ possible-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ hunt-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z41) ∧ band(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ small(z42) ∧ :consist(z43, z41) ∧ human(z43) ∧ :mod(z41, z44) ∧ this(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z40) ∧ affect-01(z45) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z46) ∧ such(z46)) ∧ :op2(z36, z47) ∧ bear-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ and(z48) ∧ :op1(z48, z49) ∧ animal(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z49) ∧ arrive-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z49) ∧ new-01(z51) ∧ :op2(z48, z52) ∧ animal(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z52) ∧ follow-01(z53) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z49) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z54) ∧ microorganism(z54) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z54) ∧ cause-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ disease(z56) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z57, z54) ∧ native(z57) ∧ :ARG2(z57, z18)) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z58, z47) ∧ doubt-01(z58)) ∧ :op3(z36, z59) ∧ bear-02(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z59, z60) ∧ and(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, z49) ∧ :op2(z60, z52) ∧ :op3(z60, z61) ∧ animal(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z61) ∧ follow-01(z62) ∧ :ARG2(z62, z49) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z54) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z63, z59) ∧ doubt-01(z63)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z64) ∧ encounter-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ you(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z66) ∧ species(z66) ∧ :mod(z66, z67) ∧ animal(z67) ∧ :quant(z66, z68) ∧ many(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z66) ∧ extinct(z69) ∧ :time(z69, z70) ∧ after(z70) ∧ :op1(z70, z71) ∧ now(z71) ∧ :quant(z70, z72) ∧ temporal-quantity(z72) ∧ :quant(z72, 2000) ∧ :unit(z72, z73) ∧ year(z73) ∧ :time(z64, z74) ∧ migrate-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z75) ∧ human(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z76) ∧ continent(z76) ∧ :wiki(z76, "North_America") ∧ :name(z76, z77) ∧ name(z77) ∧ :op1(z77, "North") ∧ :op2(z77, "America") ∧ :ARG2(z74, z78) ∧ continent(z78) ∧ :wiki(z78, "Asia") ∧ :name(z78, z79) ∧ name(z79) ∧ :op1(z79, "Asia") ∧ :time(z74, z80) ∧ before(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, z81) ∧ now(z81) ∧ :mod(z74, z82) ∧ prehistoric(z82) ∧ :ord(z74, z83) ∧ ordinal-entity(z83) ∧ :value(z83, 1) ∧ :snt4(z0, z84) ∧ say-01(z84) ∧ :ARG0(z84, z85) ∧ i(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z86) ∧ encounter-01(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z87) ∧ you(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z88) ∧ species(z88) ∧ :mod(z88, z89) ∧ animal(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z88) ∧ extinct(z90) ∧ :time(z90, z91) ∧ after(z91) ∧ :op1(z91, z92) ∧ now(z92) ∧ :quant(z91, z1000) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1000) ∧ :quant(z1000, 2500) ∧ :unit(z1000, z1001) ∧ year(z1001) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1003) ∧ you(z1003) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1004) ∧ and(z1004) ∧ ¬(:op1(z1004, z1005) ∧ plausible(z1005) ∧ :domain(z1005, z1006) ∧ implicate-01(z1006) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z1007) ∧ hunt-01(z1007) ∧ :ARG0(z1007, z1008) ∧ band(z1008) ∧ :mod(z1008, z1009) ∧ human(z1009) ∧ :mod(z1008, z1010) ∧ small(z1010) ∧ :ARG0(z1011, z1007) ∧ have-03(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z1012) ∧ effect(z1012) ∧ :mod(z1012, z1013) ∧ such(z1013)) ∧ :op2(z1004, z1014) ∧ bear-01(z1014) ∧ :ARG0(z1014, z1015) ∧ microorganism(z1015) ∧ :mod(z1015, z1016) ∧ as-well(z1016) ∧ :ARG0(z93, z1015) ∧ cause-01(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z94) ∧ disease(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z1015) ∧ bear-02(z95) ∧ :ARG0(z95, z96) ∧ and(z96) ∧ :op1(z96, z97) ∧ person(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z97) ∧ arrive-01(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z99, z98) ∧ new-01(z99) ∧ :op2(z96, z100) ∧ animal(z100) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z100) ∧ follow-01(z101) ∧ :ARG2(z101, z97) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z102, z1015) ∧ doubt-01(z102))


When ultraviolet rays pass through the atmosphere, the vibrating frequency of the ozone layer resonates with ultraviolet rays, thus causing the vibration to absorb most of the ultraviolet rays. Therefore, resonance can make the ozone layer in the atmosphere like sunscreen, ensuring that we will not be damaged by radiation.

Question: Which of the following best encapsulates the central idea above?

Choices:
- The ozone layer protects us from ultraviolet rays
- Ultraviolet and Resonance
- Where did the ultraviolet go
- Resonance protects us from ultraviolet rays

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / resonate-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / frequency
                        :ARG1-of (z3 / vibrate-01)
                        :poss (z4 / layer
                                  :consist-of (z5 / ozone)))
              :ARG2 (z6 / ray
                        :mod (z7 / ultraviolet))
              :time (z8 / pass-03
                        :ARG1 z6
                        :path (z9 / atmosphere))
              :ARG0-of (z10 / cause-01
                            :ARG1 (z11 / absorb-01
                                       :ARG0 z2
                                       :ARG1 (z12 / most
                                                  :ARG1-of (z13 / include-91
                                                                :ARG2 z6))))
              :time (z14 / pass-03
                         :ARG1 z6
                         :path z9))
    :snt2 (z15 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z16 / resonate-01)
               :ARG1 (z17 / absorb-01
                          :ARG0 (z18 / vibrate-01)
                          :ARG1 (z19 / ray
                                     :mod (z20 / ultraviolet)))
               :ARG0-of (z21 / cause-01
                             :ARG1 (z22 / possible-01
                                        :ARG1 (z23 / make-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z24 / resonate-01)
                                                   :ARG1 (z25 / layer
                                                              :consist-of (z26 / ozone)
                                                              :location (z27 / atmosphere)
                                                              :ARG1-of (z28 / resemble-01
                                                                            :ARG2 (z29 / thing
                                                                                :ARG2-of (z30 / sunscreen-01)))
                                                              :ARG0-of (z31 / ensure-01
                                                                            :ARG1 (z32 / damage-01
                                                                                :polarity -
                                                                                :ARG0 (z33 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z34 / radiate-01))
                                                                                :ARG1 (z35 / we))))))))
    :snt3 (z36 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z37 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z38 / make-01
                                     :ARG0 (z39 / resonate-01)
                                     :ARG1 (z40 / layer
                                                :consist-of (z41 / ozone)
                                                :location (z42 / atmosphere)
                                                :ARG1-of (z43 / resemble-01
                                                              :ARG2 (z44 / sunscreen)))
                                     :ARG3 z40
                                     :ARG1-of (z45 / go-01
                                                   :direction (z46 / through)))))
    :snt1 (z47 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z48 / go-01
                          :ARG1 (z49 / ray
                                     :mod (z50 / ultraviolet))
                          :path (z51 / atmosphere))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ resonate-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ frequency(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z2) ∧ vibrate-01(z3) ∧ :poss(z2, z4) ∧ layer(z4) ∧ :consist(z5, z4) ∧ ozone(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z6) ∧ ray(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ ultraviolet(z7) ∧ :time(z1, z8) ∧ pass-03(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z6) ∧ :path(z8, z9) ∧ atmosphere(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z1) ∧ cause-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ absorb-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ most(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z12) ∧ include-91(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z6) ∧ :time(z1, z14) ∧ pass-03(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z6) ∧ :path(z14, z9) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ cause-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ resonate-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z17) ∧ absorb-01(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z18) ∧ vibrate-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z19) ∧ ray(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ ultraviolet(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z15) ∧ cause-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ possible-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ make-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ resonate-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z25) ∧ layer(z25) ∧ :consist(z26, z25) ∧ ozone(z26) ∧ :location(z25, z27) ∧ atmosphere(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z25) ∧ resemble-01(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ thing(z29) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z29) ∧ sunscreen-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z25) ∧ ensure-01(z31) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ damage-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ thing(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z33) ∧ radiate-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z35) ∧ we(z35)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z36) ∧ cause-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ possible-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ make-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ resonate-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z40) ∧ layer(z40) ∧ :consist(z41, z40) ∧ ozone(z41) ∧ :location(z40, z42) ∧ atmosphere(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z40) ∧ resemble-01(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ sunscreen(z44) ∧ :ARG3(z38, z40) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z38) ∧ go-01(z45) ∧ :direction(z45, z46) ∧ through(z46) ∧ :snt1(z0, z47) ∧ cause-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ go-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ ray(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ ultraviolet(z50) ∧ :path(z48, z51) ∧ atmosphere(z51)


Nylon industry spokesperson: Even though cotton and nylon are used for similar purposes, some people have the mistaken notion that cotton is natural but nylon is not. However, nylon' s main components come from petroleum and from the nitrogen in the atmosphere. Clearly the atmosphere is natural. And petroleum comes from oil, which in turn comes from ancient plants -- a natural source.

Question: Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the nylon industry spokesperson's reasoning?

Choices:
- A substance is natural if the origins of its main components are natural.
- A substance is unnatural only if the function it serves is unnatural.
- A substance is no more natural than its least natural component.
- A substance is no less natural than the processes used in its production.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / industry
                                               :mod (z5 / nylon))
                                     :ARG2 (z6 / spokesperson)))
              :ARG1 (z7 / have-concession-91
                        :ARG1 (z8 / notion
                                  :ARG1-of (z9 / mistake-01
                                               :ARG0 (z10 / person
                                                          :mod (z11 / some)))
                                  :topic (z12 / contrast-01
                                              :ARG1 (z13 / natural-03
                                                         :ARG1 (z14 / cotton))
                                              :ARG2 (z15 / natural-03
                                                         :polarity -
                                                         :ARG1 (z16 / nylon))))
                        :ARG2 (z17 / use-01
                                   :ARG1 (z18 / and
                                              :op1 z14
                                              :op2 z16)
                                   :ARG2 (z19 / purpose
                                              :ARG1-of (z20 / resemble-01)))))
    :snt2 (z21 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z22 / come-03
                          :ARG1 (z23 / component
                                     :mod (z24 / main)
                                     :poss (z25 / nylon))
                          :ARG2 (z26 / and
                                     :op1 (z27 / petroleum)
                                     :op2 (z28 / nitrogen
                                               :location (z29 / atmosphere))))
               :ARG2 (z30 / natural-03
                          :ARG1 (z31 / atmosphere)
                          :ARG1-of (z32 / clear-06)))
    :snt3 (z33 / and
               :op2 (z34 / come-03
                         :ARG1 (z35 / petroleum)
                         :ARG2 (z36 / oil
                                    :ARG1-of (z37 / come-01
                                                  :ARG3 (z38 / plant
                                                             :mod (z39 / ancient)
                                                             :mod (z40 / in-turn)
                                                             :ARG2-of (z41 / source-01
                                                                           :ARG1-of (z42 / natural-03)))))))
    :snt4 (z43 / come-03
               :ARG1 (z44 / oil)
               :ARG2 (z45 / source
                          :mod (z46 / ancient)))
    :snt5 (z47 / come-01
               :ARG1 (z48 / oil)
               :ARG3 (z49 / source
                          :mod (z50 / ancient))
               :mod (z51 / in-turn))
    :snt6 (z52 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z53 / seem-01
                          :ARG1 (z54 / natural-03
                                     :ARG1 (z55 / atmosphere)))
               :ARG2 (z56 / use-01
                          :ARG1 (z57 / and
                                     :op1 (z58 / cotton)
                                     :op2 (z59 / nylon))
                          :ARG2 (z60 / have-purpose-91
                                     :ARG1 z57
                                     :ARG2 (z61 / thing
                                                :ARG1-of (z62 / resemble-01)))))
    :snt7 (z63 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z64 / have-03
                          :ARG0 (z65 / person)
                          :ARG1 (z66 / notion
                                     :topic (z67 / contrast-01
                                                 :ARG1 (z68 / natural-03
                                                            :ARG1 (z69 / cotton))
                                                 :ARG2 (z70 / natural-03
                                                            :polarity -
                                                            :ARG1 z69))
                                     :ARG1-of (z71 / mistake-01)))
               :ARG2 (z72 / go-21
                          :ARG1 (z73 / and
                                     :op1 (z74 / cotton)
                                     :op2 (z75 / nylon))
                          :ARG2 (z76 / money-01
                                     :ARG1 (z77 / and
                                                :op1 (z78 / cotton)
                                                :op2 (z79 / nylon))
                                     :ARG1-of (z80 / resemble-01))))
    :snt8 (z81 / come-03
               :ARG1 (z82 / oil)
               :ARG2 (z83 / plant
                          :mod (z84 / ancient)
                          :ARG2-of (z85 / source-01
                                        :ARG1-of (z86 / natural-03))))
    :snt9 (z87 / come-03
               :ARG1 (z88 / oil)
               :ARG2 (z89 / plant)
               :mod (z90 / in-turn))
    :snt10 (z91 / contrast-01
                :ARG1 (z92 / natural-03
                           :ARG1 (z93 / atmosphere))
                :ARG2 (z94 / natural-03
                           :polarity -
                           :ARG1 z73)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ have-org-role-91(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ industry(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ nylon(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z6) ∧ spokesperson(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z7) ∧ have-concession-91(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ notion(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ mistake-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ person(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ some(z11) ∧ :topic(z8, z12) ∧ contrast-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ natural-03(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ cotton(z14) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z12, z15) ∧ natural-03(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ nylon(z16)) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z17) ∧ use-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ and(z18) ∧ :op1(z18, z14) ∧ :op2(z18, z16) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z19) ∧ purpose(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ resemble-01(z20) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ contrast-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ come-03(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ component(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ main(z24) ∧ :poss(z23, z25) ∧ nylon(z25) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z26) ∧ and(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ petroleum(z27) ∧ :op2(z26, z28) ∧ nitrogen(z28) ∧ :location(z28, z29) ∧ atmosphere(z29) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z30) ∧ natural-03(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ atmosphere(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z30) ∧ clear-06(z32) ∧ :snt3(z0, z33) ∧ and(z33) ∧ :op2(z33, z34) ∧ come-03(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ petroleum(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z36) ∧ oil(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ come-01(z37) ∧ :ARG3(z37, z38) ∧ plant(z38) ∧ :mod(z38, z39) ∧ ancient(z39) ∧ :mod(z38, z40) ∧ in-turn(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z38) ∧ source-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ natural-03(z42) ∧ :snt4(z0, z43) ∧ come-03(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ oil(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z45) ∧ source(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ ancient(z46) ∧ :snt5(z0, z47) ∧ come-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ oil(z48) ∧ :ARG3(z47, z49) ∧ source(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ ancient(z50) ∧ :mod(z47, z51) ∧ in-turn(z51) ∧ :snt6(z0, z52) ∧ contrast-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ seem-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ natural-03(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ atmosphere(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z56) ∧ use-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ and(z57) ∧ :op1(z57, z58) ∧ cotton(z58) ∧ :op2(z57, z59) ∧ nylon(z59) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z60) ∧ have-purpose-91(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z57) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z61) ∧ thing(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z61) ∧ resemble-01(z62) ∧ :snt7(z0, z63) ∧ have-concession-91(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ have-03(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ person(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z66) ∧ notion(z66) ∧ :topic(z66, z67) ∧ contrast-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ natural-03(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ cotton(z69) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z67, z70) ∧ natural-03(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z69)) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z66) ∧ mistake-01(z71) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z72) ∧ go-21(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ and(z73) ∧ :op1(z73, z74) ∧ cotton(z74) ∧ :op2(z73, z75) ∧ nylon(z75) ∧ :ARG2(z72, z76) ∧ money-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ and(z77) ∧ :op1(z77, z78) ∧ cotton(z78) ∧ :op2(z77, z79) ∧ nylon(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z76) ∧ resemble-01(z80) ∧ :snt8(z0, z81) ∧ come-03(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z82) ∧ oil(z82) ∧ :ARG2(z81, z83) ∧ plant(z83) ∧ :mod(z83, z84) ∧ ancient(z84) ∧ :ARG2(z85, z83) ∧ source-01(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z85) ∧ natural-03(z86) ∧ :snt9(z0, z87) ∧ come-03(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ oil(z88) ∧ :ARG2(z87, z89) ∧ plant(z89) ∧ :mod(z87, z90) ∧ in-turn(z90) ∧ :snt10(z0, z91) ∧ contrast-01(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ natural-03(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ atmosphere(z93) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z91, z94) ∧ natural-03(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z73))