Non-operating income refers to a variety of income confirmed by an enterprise that has no direct relationship with the enterprise's production and operation activities. This income is actually a net income, which is not generated by the enterprise's operating capital expenditure, and does not need to be paid by the enterprise or matched with relevant expenses. In other words, all income other than the main business and other ancillary businesses specified in the business license of the enterprise is considered non-operating income.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following statements about non-operating income is incorrect?

Choices:
- The ticket revenue obtained by the service company of a tourist spot belongs to non-operating income
- The policy subsidy of a high-paying technology enterprise obtained by a polymer material company from the local government belongs to non-operating income
- Company A and Company B are cooperative enterprises, and company B violates the relevant national administrative regulations and pays a certain amount of fines to Company A in accordance with the provisions, which fines belongs to company A non-operating income
- Company A purchases a batch of environmental protection equipment, disposes of these equipment after 5 years, and obtains the corresponding scrap payment. The net income after deducting the asset's book value, cleaning expenses, and disposal of related taxes and fees is non-operating income.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / income
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / operate-01
                                     :polarity -))
              :ARG2 (z4 / income
                        :mod (z5 / variety)
                        :ARG1-of (z6 / confirm-01
                                     :ARG0 (z7 / enterprise
                                               :ARG0-of (z8 / relation-03
                                                            :polarity -
                                                            :ARG1 (z9 / activity-06
                                                                      :ARG0 z7
                                                                      :ARG1 (z10 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z11 / produce-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z7)
                                                                                :op2 (z12 / operate-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z7)))
                                                            :ARG1-of (z13 / direct-02))))
                        :ARG1-of (z14 / confirm-01
                                      :ARG0 z7)))
    :snt2 (z15 / income
               :mod (z16 / net)
               :domain (z17 / income
                            :mod (z18 / this)
                            :ARG1-of (z19 / generate-01
                                          :polarity -
                                          :ARG0 (z20 / thing
                                                     :ARG1-of (z21 / expend-01
                                                                   :ARG0 (z22 / enterprise)
                                                                   :ARG2 (z23 / capital
                                                                              :mod (z24 / operate-01)))))
                            :ARG1-of (z25 / need-01
                                          :polarity -
                                          :ARG0 (z26 / or
                                                     :op1 (z27 / pay-01
                                                               :ARG0 z22
                                                               :ARG2 z22)
                                                     :op2 (z28 / match-01
                                                               :ARG1 z27
                                                               :ARG2 (z29 / thing
                                                                          :ARG1-of (z30 / expend-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z31 / relevant-01)))))))
               :ARG1-of (z32 / actual-02))
    :snt3 (z33 / consider-01
               :ARG1 (z34 / income
                          :ARG0-of (z35 / operate-01
                                        :polarity -)
                          :mod (z36 / all)
                          :ARG2-of (z37 / except-01
                                        :ARG1 (z38 / and
                                                   :op1 (z39 / business
                                                             :mod (z40 / main))
                                                   :op2 (z41 / business
                                                             :mod (z42 / ancillary)
                                                             :mod (z43 / other))
                                                   :ARG1-of (z44 / specify-01
                                                                 :ARG0 (z45 / license
                                                                            :mod (z46 / business)
                                                                            :poss (z47 / enterprise))))))
               :ARG1-of (z48 / word-01
                             :mod (z49 / other)))
    :snt4 (z50 / rate-entity-91
               :ARG1 (z51 / income
                          :ARG0-of (z52 / operate-01
                                        :polarity -))
               :ARG2 (z53 / temporal-quantity
                          :quant 1
                          :unit (z54 / year))
               :ARG3 (z55 / rate-entity-91
                          :ARG1 (z56 / income)
                          :ARG2 (z57 / temporal-quantity
                                     :quant 1
                                     :unit (z58 / year))))
    :snt5 (z59 / say-01
               :ARG1 (z60 / consider-01
                          :ARG1 (z61 / income
                                     :ARG0-of (z62 / operate-01
                                                   :polarity -)
                                     :domain (z63 / income
                                                  :mod (z64 / all)
                                                  :ARG2-of (z65 / except-01
                                                                :ARG1 (z66 / and
                                                                           :op1 (z67 / business
                                                                                :mod (z68 / main))
                                                                           :op2 (z69 / business
                                                                                :mod (z70 / other)
                                                                                :mod (z71 / ancillary))
                                                                           :ARG1-of (z72 / specify-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z73 / license
                                                                                :mod (z74 / business)
                                                                                :poss (z75 / enterprise)))))))))
    :snt6 (z76 / income
               :mod (z77 / net)
               :ARG1-of (z78 / generate-01
                             :polarity -
                             :ARG0 (z79 / thing
                                        :ARG1-of (z80 / expend-01
                                                      :ARG2 (z81 / capital
                                                                 :mod (z82 / operate-01)))))
               :ARG1-of (z83 / generate-01
                             :polarity -
                             :ARG0 (z84 / thing
                                        :ARG1-of (z85 / expend-01
                                                      :ARG2 (z86 / capital
                                                                 :mod (z87 / operate-01)))))
               :ARG1-of (z88 / need-01
                             :polarity -))
    :ARG1-of (z89 / obligate-01
                  :polarity -
                  :ARG2 (z90 / or
                             :op1 (z91 / pay-01
                                       :ARG0 (z92 / enterprise)
                                       :ARG1 (z93 / income
                                                  :ARG1-of (z94 / relate-01
                                                                :polarity -
                                                                :ARG2 z92)))
                             :op2 (z95 / match-01
                                       :ARG1 z73
                                       :ARG2 (z96 / thing
                                                  :ARG1-of (z97 / expend-01
                                                                :ARG1-of (z98 / relevant-01)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ income(z2) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ operate-01(z3)) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ income(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ variety(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z4) ∧ confirm-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z7) ∧ enterprise(z7) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z8, z7) ∧ relation-03(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ activity-06(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ and(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, z11) ∧ produce-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z7) ∧ :op2(z10, z12) ∧ operate-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z8) ∧ direct-02(z13)) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z4) ∧ confirm-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z7) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ income(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ net(z16) ∧ :domain(z15, z17) ∧ income(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ this(z18) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z19, z17) ∧ generate-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ thing(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ expend-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ enterprise(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z23) ∧ capital(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ operate-01(z24)) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z25, z17) ∧ need-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ or(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ pay-01(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z22) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z22) ∧ :op2(z26, z28) ∧ match-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ thing(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z29) ∧ expend-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z30) ∧ relevant-01(z31)) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z15) ∧ actual-02(z32) ∧ :snt3(z0, z33) ∧ consider-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ income(z34) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ operate-01(z35)) ∧ :mod(z34, z36) ∧ all(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z34) ∧ except-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ and(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, z39) ∧ business(z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ main(z40) ∧ :op2(z38, z41) ∧ business(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ ancillary(z42) ∧ :mod(z41, z43) ∧ other(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z38) ∧ specify-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z45) ∧ license(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ business(z46) ∧ :poss(z45, z47) ∧ enterprise(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z33) ∧ word-01(z48) ∧ :mod(z48, z49) ∧ other(z49) ∧ :snt4(z0, z50) ∧ rate-entity-91(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ income(z51) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z52, z51) ∧ operate-01(z52)) ∧ :ARG2(z50, z53) ∧ temporal-quantity(z53) ∧ :quant(z53, 1) ∧ :unit(z53, z54) ∧ year(z54) ∧ :ARG3(z50, z55) ∧ rate-entity-91(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ income(z56) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z57) ∧ temporal-quantity(z57) ∧ :quant(z57, 1) ∧ :unit(z57, z58) ∧ year(z58) ∧ :snt5(z0, z59) ∧ say-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ consider-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ income(z61) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z62, z61) ∧ operate-01(z62)) ∧ :domain(z61, z63) ∧ income(z63) ∧ :mod(z63, z64) ∧ all(z64) ∧ :ARG2(z65, z63) ∧ except-01(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ and(z66) ∧ :op1(z66, z67) ∧ business(z67) ∧ :mod(z67, z68) ∧ main(z68) ∧ :op2(z66, z69) ∧ business(z69) ∧ :mod(z69, z70) ∧ other(z70) ∧ :mod(z69, z71) ∧ ancillary(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z66) ∧ specify-01(z72) ∧ :ARG0(z72, z73) ∧ license(z73) ∧ :mod(z73, z74) ∧ business(z74) ∧ :poss(z73, z75) ∧ enterprise(z75) ∧ :snt6(z0, z76) ∧ income(z76) ∧ :mod(z76, z77) ∧ net(z77) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z78, z76) ∧ generate-01(z78) ∧ :ARG0(z78, z79) ∧ thing(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z79) ∧ expend-01(z80) ∧ :ARG2(z80, z81) ∧ capital(z81) ∧ :mod(z81, z82) ∧ operate-01(z82)) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z83, z76) ∧ generate-01(z83) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z84) ∧ thing(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z84) ∧ expend-01(z85) ∧ :ARG2(z85, z86) ∧ capital(z86) ∧ :mod(z86, z87) ∧ operate-01(z87)) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z88, z76) ∧ need-01(z88)) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z89, z0) ∧ obligate-01(z89) ∧ :ARG2(z89, z90) ∧ or(z90) ∧ :op1(z90, z91) ∧ pay-01(z91) ∧ :ARG0(z91, z92) ∧ enterprise(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z93) ∧ income(z93) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z94, z93) ∧ relate-01(z94) ∧ :ARG2(z94, z92)) ∧ :op2(z90, z95) ∧ match-01(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z73) ∧ :ARG2(z95, z96) ∧ thing(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z96) ∧ expend-01(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z97) ∧ relevant-01(z98))


After receiving numerous complaints from residents about loud, highly amplified music played at local clubs, Middletown is considering a law that would prohibit clubs located in residential areas from employing musical groups that consist of more than three people.

Question: The likelihood that the law would be effective in reducing noise would be most seriously diminished if which of the following were true?

Choices:
- Groups that consist of more than three musicians are usually more expensive for clubs to hire than are groups that consist of fewer than three musicians.
- In towns that have passed similar laws, many clubs in residential areas have relocated to nonresidential areas.
- Much of the music popular at the local clubs can be played only by groups of at least four musicians.
- Amplified music played by fewer than three musicians generally is as loud as amplified music played by more than three musicians.

(z0 / consider-02
    :ARG0 (z1 / city
              :wiki "Middletown,_Connecticut"
              :name (z2 / name
                        :op1 "Middletown"))
    :ARG1 (z3 / law
              :ARG0-of (z4 / prohibit-01
                           :ARG1 (z5 / club
                                     :ARG1-of (z6 / locate-01
                                                  :location (z7 / area
                                                                :mod (z8 / residential))))
                           :ARG2 (z9 / employ-01
                                     :ARG0 z5
                                     :ARG1 (z10 / group
                                                :mod (z11 / music)
                                                :ARG1-of (z12 / consist-01
                                                              :ARG2 (z13 / person
                                                                         :quant (z14 / more-than
                                                                                :op1 3)))))))
    :time (z15 / after
               :op1 (z16 / complain-01
                         :ARG0 (z17 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z18 / reside-01))
                         :ARG1 (z19 / play-11
                                    :ARG1 (z20 / music
                                               :ARG1-of (z21 / Amplify-01
                                                             :ARG1-of (z22 / high-02))
                                               :mod (z23 / loud)
                                               :ARG1-of (z24 / play-11
                                                             :location (z25 / club
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z26 / local-02))))
                                    :ARG2 (z27 / club))
                         :quant (z28 / numerous)))
    :time (z29 / after
               :op1 (z30 / go-01
                         :ARG1 (z31 / time-02)
                         :direction (z32 / out))))

consider-02(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ city(z1) ∧ :wiki(z1, "Middletown,_Connecticut") ∧ :name(z1, z2) ∧ name(z2) ∧ :op1(z2, "Middletown") ∧ :ARG1(z0, z3) ∧ law(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ prohibit-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ club(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ locate-01(z6) ∧ :location(z6, z7) ∧ area(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ residential(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z9) ∧ employ-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z5) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ group(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ music(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z10) ∧ consist-01(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z13) ∧ person(z13) ∧ :quant(z13, z14) ∧ more-than(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, 3) ∧ :time(z0, z15) ∧ after(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, z16) ∧ complain-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ reside-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z19) ∧ play-11(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ music(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ Amplify-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z21) ∧ high-02(z22) ∧ :mod(z20, z23) ∧ loud(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z20) ∧ play-11(z24) ∧ :location(z24, z25) ∧ club(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z25) ∧ local-02(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z27) ∧ club(z27) ∧ :quant(z16, z28) ∧ numerous(z28) ∧ :time(z0, z29) ∧ after(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, z30) ∧ go-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ time-02(z31) ∧ :direction(z30, z32) ∧ out(z32)


A public service advertisement suggest that drinkers should wait until they are safe to drive. However, a hospital survey found that people questioned immediately after drinking underestimated how long it would take them to regain their driving ability. The results show that many people who drink before driving have difficulty following the advice of the advertisement.

Question: Which of the following statements most strongly supports the above argument if the following statements are true?

Choices:
- If some people have to go home after drinking, they will refrain from drinking
- Many people who plan to drink will arrange for a non-drinker to drive them home in advance
- Respondents in the hospital were also asked how long it would take to restore abilities that had little impact on safe driving
- Compared with the respondents outside the hospital, the respondents in the hospital had a more conservative estimate of their abilities

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / suggest-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / advertise-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / serve-01
                                  :ARG1-of (z4 / public-02)))
              :ARG1 (z5 / recommend-01
                        :ARG1 (z6 / wait-01
                                  :ARG1 (z7 / person
                                            :ARG0-of (z8 / drink-01))
                                  :time (z9 / until
                                            :op1 (z10 / safe-01
                                                      :ARG1 z7
                                                      :ARG2 (z11 / drive-01
                                                                 :ARG0 z7))))
                        :ARG2 z7))
    :snt2 (z12 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z13 / find-01
                          :ARG0 (z14 / survey-01
                                     :ARG0 (z15 / hospital))
                          :ARG1 (z16 / underestimate-01
                                     :ARG0 (z17 / person
                                                :ARG1-of (z18 / question-01
                                                              :time (z19 / after
                                                                         :op1 (z20 / drink-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z17)
                                                                         :mod (z21 / immediate))))
                                     :ARG1 (z22 / temporal-quantity
                                                :ARG1-of (z23 / take-10
                                                              :ARG0 (z24 / regain-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z17
                                                                         :ARG1 (z25 / capable-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z17
                                                                                :ARG2 (z26 / drive-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z17)))
                                                              :ARG2 z17)))))
    :snt3 (z27 / show-01
               :ARG0 (z28 / thing
                          :ARG2-of (z29 / result-01))
               :ARG1 (z30 / difficult
                          :domain (z31 / follow-02
                                       :ARG0 (z32 / person
                                                  :quant (z33 / many)
                                                  :ARG0-of (z34 / drink-01
                                                                :time (z35 / before
                                                                           :op1 (z36 / drive-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z32))))
                                       :ARG1 (z37 / thing
                                                  :ARG2-of (z38 / advise-01
                                                                :ARG0 (z39 / advertise-01)
                                                                :ARG1 z32))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ suggest-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ advertise-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ serve-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ public-02(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ recommend-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ wait-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ person(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z7) ∧ drink-01(z8) ∧ :time(z6, z9) ∧ until(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ safe-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z7) ∧ :ARG2(z10, z11) ∧ drive-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z7) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z7) ∧ :snt2(z0, z12) ∧ contrast-01(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z13) ∧ find-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z14) ∧ survey-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z15) ∧ hospital(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z16) ∧ underestimate-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z17) ∧ question-01(z18) ∧ :time(z18, z19) ∧ after(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ drink-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z17) ∧ :mod(z19, z21) ∧ immediate(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z22) ∧ temporal-quantity(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ take-10(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ regain-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z17) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ capable-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z17) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z26) ∧ drive-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z17) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z17) ∧ :snt3(z0, z27) ∧ show-01(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z28) ∧ thing(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z28) ∧ result-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z30) ∧ difficult(z30) ∧ :domain(z30, z31) ∧ follow-02(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ person(z32) ∧ :quant(z32, z33) ∧ many(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z32) ∧ drink-01(z34) ∧ :time(z34, z35) ∧ before(z35) ∧ :op1(z35, z36) ∧ drive-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z32) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z37) ∧ thing(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z37) ∧ advise-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ advertise-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z32)


Underdeveloped countries still have to import food and are powerless in the face of natural disasters. Agriculture and animal husbandry, mining is the main sector of the economy, the labor force mainly works in this sector. The level of culture and education and people's standard of living are very low.

Question: Which of the following options primarily supports the view of the above-mentioned underdeveloped countries?

Choices:
- Helpless in the face of natural disasters
- There are only two economic sectors, agriculture, animal husbandry and mining
- People's living standard is very low, and there are many illiterates
- Still in the extremely backward agricultural country or the stage of agriculture and animal husbandry

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / obligate-01
                       :ARG1 (z3 / country
                                 :ARG1-of (z4 / develop-02
                                              :degree (z5 / under)))
                       :ARG2 (z6 / import-01
                                 :ARG0 z3
                                 :ARG1 (z7 / food))
                       :mod (z8 / still))
              :op2 (z9 / powerful-02
                       :polarity -
                       :ARG1 z3
                       :ARG2 (z10 / face-01
                                  :ARG0 z3
                                  :ARG1 (z11 / natural-disaster))))
    :snt2 (z12 / and
               :op1 (z13 / agriculture)
               :op2 (z14 / husbandry
                         :mod (z15 / animal)))
    :snt3 (z16 / sector
               :mod (z17 / main)
               :part-of (z18 / economy)
               :domain (z19 / mine-01))
    :snt4 (z20 / work-01
               :ARG0 (z21 / force
                          :ARG0-of (z22 / labor-01))
               :ARG1 z19
               :mod (z23 / main))
    :snt5 (z24 / low-04
               :ARG1 (z25 / and
                          :op1 (z26 / level
                                    :mod (z27 / culture))
                          :op2 (z28 / level
                                    :mod (z29 / educate-01))
                          :op3 (z30 / standard
                                    :mod (z31 / live-01
                                              :ARG0 (z32 / person))))
               :degree (z33 / very))
    :snt6 (z34 / work-01
               :ARG0 (z35 / force
                          :ARG0-of (z36 / labor-01))
               :ARG1 z19
               :mod (z37 / main))
    :snt7 (z38 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z39 / work-01
                          :ARG0 z35
                          :ARG1 z39
                          :mod (z40 / main))
               :ARG2 (z41 / and
                          :op1 (z42 / agriculture)
                          :op2 (z43 / husbandry
                                    :mod (z44 / animal))
                          :domain (z45 / sector
                                       :mod (z46 / main)
                                       :part-of (z47 / economy))))
    :snt8 (z48 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z49 / level
                          :mod (z50 / culture))
               :ARG4 (z51 / low-04))
    :snt9 (z52 / ready-02
               :ARG1 (z53 / country)
               :ARG2 (z54 / face-01
                          :ARG1 (z55 / natural-disaster))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ obligate-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ country(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ develop-02(z4) ∧ :degree(z4, z5) ∧ under(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z6) ∧ import-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ food(z7) ∧ :mod(z2, z8) ∧ still(z8) ∧ ¬(:op2(z1, z9) ∧ powerful-02(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z3) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z10) ∧ face-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ natural-disaster(z11)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z12) ∧ and(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ agriculture(z13) ∧ :op2(z12, z14) ∧ husbandry(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ animal(z15) ∧ :snt3(z0, z16) ∧ sector(z16) ∧ :mod(z16, z17) ∧ main(z17) ∧ :part(z18, z16) ∧ economy(z18) ∧ :domain(z16, z19) ∧ mine-01(z19) ∧ :snt4(z0, z20) ∧ work-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ force(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z21) ∧ labor-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ :mod(z20, z23) ∧ main(z23) ∧ :snt5(z0, z24) ∧ low-04(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ and(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, z26) ∧ level(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ culture(z27) ∧ :op2(z25, z28) ∧ level(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ educate-01(z29) ∧ :op3(z25, z30) ∧ standard(z30) ∧ :mod(z30, z31) ∧ live-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ person(z32) ∧ :degree(z24, z33) ∧ very(z33) ∧ :snt6(z0, z34) ∧ work-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ force(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z35) ∧ labor-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z19) ∧ :mod(z34, z37) ∧ main(z37) ∧ :snt7(z0, z38) ∧ have-concession-91(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ work-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ main(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z41) ∧ and(z41) ∧ :op1(z41, z42) ∧ agriculture(z42) ∧ :op2(z41, z43) ∧ husbandry(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z44) ∧ animal(z44) ∧ :domain(z41, z45) ∧ sector(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ main(z46) ∧ :part(z47, z45) ∧ economy(z47) ∧ :snt8(z0, z48) ∧ go-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ level(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ culture(z50) ∧ :ARG4(z48, z51) ∧ low-04(z51) ∧ :snt9(z0, z52) ∧ ready-02(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ country(z53) ∧ :ARG2(z52, z54) ∧ face-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ natural-disaster(z55)


Part of the work of quantitative historical research is to find appropriate quantities to reflect the past. For example, height data can play such a role in the study of history, especially in the study of economic history. There are many factors that affect height at the individual level. At the social level, the average height is closely related to the living standard of an individual's adolescence. Height will be fixed at a certain age and will not change much until old age. Height is equivalent to freezing the socio-economic conditions of the past, although it is not as accurate as amber to hold bugs, but it is precious.

Question: Which of the following options is what the author mainly wants to explain through this passage?

Choices:
- What is the influence of socio-economic status on human height
- The study of economic history can refer to people's body data
- How to select appropriate parameters in quantitative historical research
- Height data freezes the socia-economic situation

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / include-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / find-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / quantity
                                  :ARG1-of (z4 / appropriate-02
                                               :ARG2 (z5 / reflect-01
                                                         :ARG2 (z6 / past))))
                        :part-of (z7 / work-01
                                     :ARG1 (z8 / research-01
                                               :ARG1 (z9 / history
                                                         :mod (z10 / quantitative)))))
              :ARG2 (z11 / work-01
                         :ARG1 (z12 / find-01
                                    :ARG1 (z13 / quantity
                                               :ARG1-of (z14 / appropriate-02
                                                             :ARG2 (z15 / reflect-01
                                                                        :ARG2 (z16 / past)))))))
    :snt2 (z17 / exemplify-01
               :ARG0 (z18 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z19 / play-02
                                     :ARG0 (z20 / data
                                                :topic (z21 / height))
                                     :ARG1 (z22 / role
                                                :mod (z23 / such))
                                     :ARG2 (z24 / study-01
                                                :ARG1 (z25 / history)
                                                :example (z26 / study-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z27 / history
                                                                         :mod (z28 / economy))
                                                              :mod (z29 / especially))))))
    :snt3 (z30 / affect-01
               :ARG0 (z31 / factor
                          :quant (z32 / many))
               :ARG1 (z33 / height)
               :location (z34 / level
                              :mod (z35 / individual)))
    :snt4 (z36 / relate-01
               :ARG1 (z37 / high-02
                          :ARG1-of (z38 / average-01)
                          :ARG1-of (z39 / average-04))
               :ARG2 (z40 / standard
                          :mod (z41 / live-01)
                          :poss (z42 / adolescence
                                     :poss (z43 / individual)))
               :manner (z44 / close-10)
               :location (z45 / level
                              :mod (z46 / society))
               :snt5 (z47 / change-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z48 / height)
                          :quant (z49 / much)
                          :time (z50 / until
                                     :op1 (z51 / age
                                               :mod (z52 / old))))
               :snt6 (z53 / and
                          :op1 (z54 / fix-03
                                    :ARG1 (z55 / height)
                                    :time (z56 / age
                                               :mod (z57 / certain)))
                          :op2 (z58 / change-01
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 z55
                                    :quant (z59 / much)
                                    :time (z60 / until
                                               :op1 (z61 / age
                                                         :mod (z62 / old)))))
               :snt7 (z63 / equal-01
                          :ARG1 (z64 / height)
                          :ARG2 (z65 / freeze-02
                                     :ARG1 (z66 / condition
                                                :mod (z67 / economy)
                                                :time (z68 / past)))
                          :concession (z69 / accurate
                                           :polarity -
                                           :ARG2-of (z70 / have-degree-91
                                                         :ARG1 z64
                                                         :ARG3 (z71 / equal)
                                                         :ARG4 (z72 / amber
                                                                    :purpose (z73 / hold-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z74 / bug))))
                                           :ARG2-of (z75 / have-concession-91
                                                         :ARG1 (z76 / precious
                                                                    :domain z64))))
               :snt8 (z77 / affect-01
                          :ARG0 (z78 / factor
                                     :quant (z79 / many))
                          :ARG1 (z80 / height)
                          :location (z81 / level
                                         :mod (z82 / individual)))
               :snt9 (z83 / relate-01
                          :ARG1 (z84 / high-02
                                     :ARG1-of (z85 / average-01))
                          :ARG2 (z86 / standard
                                     :mod (z87 / live-01)
                                     :time (z88 / adolescence
                                                :poss (z89 / individual)))
                          :ARG1-of (z90 / close-10))
               :snt10 (z91 / relate-01
                           :ARG1 (z92 / height)
                           :ARG2 (z93 / standard
                                      :mod (z94 / live-01)
                                      :time (z95 / adolescence
                                                 :poss (z96 / individual)))
                           :snt11 (z97 / level
                                       :mod (z98 / society))
                           :snt12 (z99 / equal-01
                                       :ARG1 (z100 / height)
                                       :ARG2 (z101 / freeze-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z102 / condition
                                                               :mod (z103 / economy)
                                                               :time (z104 / past)))
                                       :concession (z105 / equal-01
                                                         :polarity -
                                                         :ARG1 z8
                                                         :ARG2 (z106 / amber
                                                                     :purpose (z1000 / hold-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1001 / bug)))
                                                         :ARG2-of (z1002 / have-degree-91
                                                                         :ARG1 z8
                                                                         :ARG3 (z1003 / equal)
                                                                         :ARG4 (z1004 / amber)))))
               :snt13 (z1005 / have-concession-91
                             :ARG1 (z1006 / equal-01
                                          :ARG1 (z1007 / height)
                                          :ARG2 (z1008 / equal-01
                                                       :ARG1 z1007
                                                       :ARG2 (z1009 / freeze-01
                                                                    :ARG1 (z1010 / condition
                                                                                :mod (z1011 / economy)
                                                                                :time (z1012 / past))))
                                          :ARG3 (z1013 / accurate
                                                       :ARG2-of (z1014 / have-degree-91
                                                                       :ARG1 z1007
                                                                       :ARG3 (z1015 / equal)
                                                                       :ARG4 (z1016 / amber))))
                             :snt14 (z1017 / contrast-01
                                           :ARG1 (z1018 / fix-01
                                                        :ARG1 (z1019 / height)
                                                        :ARG2-of (z1020 / fix-03
                                                                        :ARG1 (z1021 / age
                                                                                :mod (z1022 / certain)))))
                             :ARG2 (z1023 / and
                                          :op1 (z1024 / fix-03
                                                      :ARG1 z1021)
                                          :op2 (z1025 / change-01
                                                      :polarity -)
                                          :time (z1026 / until
                                                       :op1 (z107 / age
                                                                  :mod (z108 / certain)))))
               :snt6 (z1027 / affect-01
                            :ARG0 (z1028 / factor
                                         :quant (z1029 / many))
                            :ARG1 (z1030 / height))
               :ARG2 (z1031 / affect-01
                            :ARG0 z1028
                            :ARG1 z1028
                            :ARG3 (z1032 / level
                                         :mod (z1033 / individual))))
    :snt7 (z1034 / level
                 :mod (z1035 / level
                             :mod (z1036 / individual)))
    :snt8 (z1037 / include-91
                 :ARG1 (z1038 / height)
                 :ARG2-of (z1039 / include-91
                                 :ARG1 (z1040 / fix-01
                                              :ARG1 z1028)
                                 :ARG3 (z1041 / and
                                              :op1 (z1042 / age
                                                          :mod (z1043 / certain)))
                                 :op2 (z1044 / new-01))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ include-91(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ find-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ quantity(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ appropriate-02(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ reflect-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z6) ∧ past(z6) ∧ :part(z7, z2) ∧ work-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ research-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ history(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ quantitative(z10) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z11) ∧ work-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ find-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ quantity(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ appropriate-02(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ reflect-01(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z16) ∧ past(z16) ∧ :snt2(z0, z17) ∧ exemplify-01(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z18) ∧ possible-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ play-02(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ data(z20) ∧ :topic(z20, z21) ∧ height(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z22) ∧ role(z22) ∧ :mod(z22, z23) ∧ such(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z24) ∧ study-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ history(z25) ∧ :example(z24, z26) ∧ study-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ history(z27) ∧ :mod(z27, z28) ∧ economy(z28) ∧ :mod(z26, z29) ∧ especially(z29) ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ affect-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ factor(z31) ∧ :quant(z31, z32) ∧ many(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z33) ∧ height(z33) ∧ :location(z30, z34) ∧ level(z34) ∧ :mod(z34, z35) ∧ individual(z35) ∧ :snt4(z0, z36) ∧ relate-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ high-02(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ average-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z37) ∧ average-04(z39) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z40) ∧ standard(z40) ∧ :mod(z40, z41) ∧ live-01(z41) ∧ :poss(z40, z42) ∧ adolescence(z42) ∧ :poss(z42, z43) ∧ individual(z43) ∧ :manner(z36, z44) ∧ close-10(z44) ∧ :location(z36, z45) ∧ level(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ society(z46) ∧ ¬(:snt5(z36, z47) ∧ change-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ height(z48) ∧ :quant(z47, z49) ∧ much(z49) ∧ :time(z47, z50) ∧ until(z50) ∧ :op1(z50, z51) ∧ age(z51) ∧ :mod(z51, z52) ∧ old(z52)) ∧ :snt6(z36, z53) ∧ and(z53) ∧ :op1(z53, z54) ∧ fix-03(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ height(z55) ∧ :time(z54, z56) ∧ age(z56) ∧ :mod(z56, z57) ∧ certain(z57) ∧ ¬(:op2(z53, z58) ∧ change-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z55) ∧ :quant(z58, z59) ∧ much(z59) ∧ :time(z58, z60) ∧ until(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, z61) ∧ age(z61) ∧ :mod(z61, z62) ∧ old(z62)) ∧ :snt7(z36, z63) ∧ equal-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ height(z64) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z65) ∧ freeze-02(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ condition(z66) ∧ :mod(z66, z67) ∧ economy(z67) ∧ :time(z66, z68) ∧ past(z68) ∧ ¬(:concession(z63, z69) ∧ accurate(z69) ∧ :ARG2(z70, z69) ∧ have-degree-91(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z64) ∧ :ARG3(z70, z71) ∧ equal(z71) ∧ :ARG4(z70, z72) ∧ amber(z72) ∧ :purpose(z72, z73) ∧ hold-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ bug(z74) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z69) ∧ have-concession-91(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ precious(z76) ∧ :domain(z76, z64)) ∧ :snt8(z36, z77) ∧ affect-01(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z77, z78) ∧ factor(z78) ∧ :quant(z78, z79) ∧ many(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z80) ∧ height(z80) ∧ :location(z77, z81) ∧ level(z81) ∧ :mod(z81, z82) ∧ individual(z82) ∧ :snt9(z36, z83) ∧ relate-01(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z84) ∧ high-02(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z84) ∧ average-01(z85) ∧ :ARG2(z83, z86) ∧ standard(z86) ∧ :mod(z86, z87) ∧ live-01(z87) ∧ :time(z86, z88) ∧ adolescence(z88) ∧ :poss(z88, z89) ∧ individual(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z83) ∧ close-10(z90) ∧ :snt10(z36, z91) ∧ relate-01(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ height(z92) ∧ :ARG2(z91, z93) ∧ standard(z93) ∧ :mod(z93, z94) ∧ live-01(z94) ∧ :time(z93, z95) ∧ adolescence(z95) ∧ :poss(z95, z96) ∧ individual(z96) ∧ :snt11(z91, z97) ∧ level(z97) ∧ :mod(z97, z98) ∧ society(z98) ∧ :snt12(z91, z99) ∧ equal-01(z99) ∧ :ARG1(z99, z100) ∧ height(z100) ∧ :ARG2(z99, z101) ∧ freeze-01(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ condition(z102) ∧ :mod(z102, z103) ∧ economy(z103) ∧ :time(z102, z104) ∧ past(z104) ∧ ¬(:concession(z99, z105) ∧ equal-01(z105) ∧ :ARG1(z105, z8) ∧ :ARG2(z105, z106) ∧ amber(z106) ∧ :purpose(z106, z1000) ∧ hold-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z1001) ∧ bug(z1001) ∧ :ARG2(z1002, z105) ∧ have-degree-91(z1002) ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z8) ∧ :ARG3(z1002, z1003) ∧ equal(z1003) ∧ :ARG4(z1002, z1004) ∧ amber(z1004)) ∧ :snt13(z36, z1005) ∧ have-concession-91(z1005) ∧ :ARG1(z1005, z1006) ∧ equal-01(z1006) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z1007) ∧ height(z1007) ∧ :ARG2(z1006, z1008) ∧ equal-01(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1008, z1007) ∧ :ARG2(z1008, z1009) ∧ freeze-01(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1010) ∧ condition(z1010) ∧ :mod(z1010, z1011) ∧ economy(z1011) ∧ :time(z1010, z1012) ∧ past(z1012) ∧ :ARG3(z1006, z1013) ∧ accurate(z1013) ∧ :ARG2(z1014, z1013) ∧ have-degree-91(z1014) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1007) ∧ :ARG3(z1014, z1015) ∧ equal(z1015) ∧ :ARG4(z1014, z1016) ∧ amber(z1016) ∧ :snt14(z1005, z1017) ∧ contrast-01(z1017) ∧ :ARG1(z1017, z1018) ∧ fix-01(z1018) ∧ :ARG1(z1018, z1019) ∧ height(z1019) ∧ :ARG2(z1020, z1018) ∧ fix-03(z1020) ∧ :ARG1(z1020, z1021) ∧ age(z1021) ∧ :mod(z1021, z1022) ∧ certain(z1022) ∧ :ARG2(z1005, z1023) ∧ and(z1023) ∧ :op1(z1023, z1024) ∧ fix-03(z1024) ∧ :ARG1(z1024, z1021) ∧ ¬(:op2(z1023, z1025) ∧ change-01(z1025)) ∧ :time(z1023, z1026) ∧ until(z1026) ∧ :op1(z1026, z107) ∧ age(z107) ∧ :mod(z107, z108) ∧ certain(z108) ∧ :snt6(z36, z1027) ∧ affect-01(z1027) ∧ :ARG0(z1027, z1028) ∧ factor(z1028) ∧ :quant(z1028, z1029) ∧ many(z1029) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1030) ∧ height(z1030) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z1031) ∧ affect-01(z1031) ∧ :ARG0(z1031, z1028) ∧ :ARG1(z1031, z1028) ∧ :ARG3(z1031, z1032) ∧ level(z1032) ∧ :mod(z1032, z1033) ∧ individual(z1033) ∧ :snt7(z0, z1034) ∧ level(z1034) ∧ :mod(z1034, z1035) ∧ level(z1035) ∧ :mod(z1035, z1036) ∧ individual(z1036) ∧ :snt8(z0, z1037) ∧ include-91(z1037) ∧ :ARG1(z1037, z1038) ∧ height(z1038) ∧ :ARG2(z1039, z1037) ∧ include-91(z1039) ∧ :ARG1(z1039, z1040) ∧ fix-01(z1040) ∧ :ARG1(z1040, z1028) ∧ :ARG3(z1039, z1041) ∧ and(z1041) ∧ :op1(z1041, z1042) ∧ age(z1042) ∧ :mod(z1042, z1043) ∧ certain(z1043) ∧ :op2(z1039, z1044) ∧ new-01(z1044)


A microbe in Weiming Lake usually multiplies above freezing point. It is winter now, and the lake has frozen. Therefore, if Weiming Lake does have the kind of microbes we studied, they will not reproduce now.

Question: If all the premises in the question are true, which of the followings can be introduced?

Choices:
- The conclusion cannot be untrue
- It is highly possible that the conclusion is true, but it may also be false
- The possibility that the conclusion is false is high, but it may also be true
- The conclusion can't be true

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / multiply-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / microbe
                        :location (z3 / lake
                                      :wiki "Weiming_Lake"
                                      :name (z4 / name
                                                :op1 "Weiming"
                                                :op2 "Lake")))
              :ARG2 (z5 / above
                        :op1 (z6 / point
                                 :ARG2-of (z7 / freeze-01)))
              :mod (z8 / usual))
    :snt2 (z9 / and
              :op1 (z10 / date-entity
                        :season (z11 / winter)
                        :time (z12 / now))
              :op2 (z13 / freeze-01
                        :ARG1 (z14 / lake)))
    :snt3 (z15 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z16 / have-condition-91
                          :ARG1 (z17 / possible-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z18 / reproduce-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG0 (z20 / have-03
                                                           :ARG0 (z21 / lake
                                                                      :wiki "Weiming_Lake"
                                                                      :name (z22 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Weiming"
                                                                                :op2 "Lake"))
                                                           :ARG1 (z23 / kind
                                                                      :mod (z24 / microbe)
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z25 / study-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z26 / we))))
                                                :time (z19 / now)))
                          :ARG2 z20))
    :snt4 (z27 / and
               :op1 (z28 / date-entity
                         :season (z29 / winter)
                         :time (z30 / now))
               :op2 (z31 / freeze-01
                         :ARG1 (z32 / lake)))
    :snt5 (z33 / snap-08
               :ARG1 (z34 / straw)
               :direction (z35 / up))
    :snt6 (z36 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z37 / possible-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z38 / reproduce-01
                                     :ARG0 (z39 / microbe
                                                :location (z40 / lake
                                                               :wiki "Weiming_Lake"
                                                               :name (z41 / name
                                                                          :op1 "Weiming"
                                                                          :op2 "Lake")))
                                     :time (z42 / now)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ multiply-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ microbe(z2) ∧ :location(z2, z3) ∧ lake(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, "Weiming_Lake") ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "Weiming") ∧ :op2(z4, "Lake") ∧ :ARG2(z1, z5) ∧ above(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, z6) ∧ point(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z6) ∧ freeze-01(z7) ∧ :mod(z1, z8) ∧ usual(z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ and(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ date-entity(z10) ∧ :season(z10, z11) ∧ winter(z11) ∧ :time(z10, z12) ∧ now(z12) ∧ :op2(z9, z13) ∧ freeze-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ lake(z14) ∧ :snt3(z0, z15) ∧ cause-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ have-condition-91(z16) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ possible-01(z17) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ reproduce-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z20) ∧ have-03(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ lake(z21) ∧ :wiki(z21, "Weiming_Lake") ∧ :name(z21, z22) ∧ name(z22) ∧ :op1(z22, "Weiming") ∧ :op2(z22, "Lake") ∧ :ARG1(z20, z23) ∧ kind(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ microbe(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z23) ∧ study-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ we(z26) ∧ :time(z18, z19) ∧ now(z19))) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z20) ∧ :snt4(z0, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ date-entity(z28) ∧ :season(z28, z29) ∧ winter(z29) ∧ :time(z28, z30) ∧ now(z30) ∧ :op2(z27, z31) ∧ freeze-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ lake(z32) ∧ :snt5(z0, z33) ∧ snap-08(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ straw(z34) ∧ :direction(z33, z35) ∧ up(z35) ∧ :snt6(z0, z36) ∧ cause-01(z36) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ possible-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ reproduce-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ microbe(z39) ∧ :location(z39, z40) ∧ lake(z40) ∧ :wiki(z40, "Weiming_Lake") ∧ :name(z40, z41) ∧ name(z41) ∧ :op1(z41, "Weiming") ∧ :op2(z41, "Lake") ∧ :time(z38, z42) ∧ now(z42))


Science fiction master Arthur Clark said, if a respected old scientist says this thing is possible, he may be right; But if he says something is impossible, he may be very wrong.

Question: Which of the followings does Arthur Clark want to say?

Choices:
- Scientific and technological progress is endless
- You can do what you want
- The future may be far beyond imagination
- Superstitious authority will hinder the pace of progress

(z0 / say-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / person
              :wiki "Arthur_C._Clark"
              :name (z2 / name
                        :op1 "Arthur"
                        :op2 "Clark")
              :ARG0-of (z3 / master-01
                           :ARG1 (z4 / science-fiction)))
    :ARG1 (z5 / contrast-01
              :ARG1 (z6 / say-01
                        :ARG0 (z7 / scientist
                                  :mod (z8 / old)
                                  :ARG1-of (z9 / respect-01)
                                  :mod (z10 / this))
                        :ARG1 (z11 / possible-01
                                   :ARG1 (z12 / thing
                                              :mod (z13 / this)))
                        :condition-of (z14 / possible-01
                                           :ARG1 (z15 / right-06
                                                      :ARG1 z7)))
              :ARG2 (z16 / contrast-01
                         :ARG1 (z17 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z18 / wrong-04
                                               :ARG1 z7
                                               :degree (z19 / very))
                                    :condition (z20 / say-01
                                                    :ARG0 z7
                                                    :ARG1 (z21 / possible-01
                                                               :polarity -
                                                               :ARG1 (z22 / something))))
                         :ARG2 (z23 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z24 / wrong-04
                                               :ARG1 z7
                                               :degree (z25 / very)))))
    :ARG1-of (z26 / say-01
                  :ARG0 (z27 / person
                             :wiki "Arthur_C._Clarke"
                             :name (z28 / name
                                        :op1 "Arthur"
                                        :op2 "Clark")
                             :ARG0-of (z29 / have-org-role-91
                                           :ARG2 (z30 / director
                                                      :mod (z31 / master
                                                                :topic (z32 / science-fiction))))
                             :ARG0-of (z33 / sign-01))))

say-01(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ person(z1) ∧ :wiki(z1, "Arthur_C._Clark") ∧ :name(z1, z2) ∧ name(z2) ∧ :op1(z2, "Arthur") ∧ :op2(z2, "Clark") ∧ :ARG0(z3, z1) ∧ master-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ science-fiction(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z5) ∧ contrast-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ say-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z7) ∧ scientist(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ old(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z7) ∧ respect-01(z9) ∧ :mod(z7, z10) ∧ this(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z11) ∧ possible-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ thing(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ this(z13) ∧ :condition(z14, z6) ∧ possible-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ right-06(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z7) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z16) ∧ contrast-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ :condition(z17, z20) ∧ say-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z7) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ possible-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ something(z22)) ∧ possible-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ wrong-04(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z7) ∧ :degree(z18, z19) ∧ very(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z23) ∧ possible-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ wrong-04(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z7) ∧ :degree(z24, z25) ∧ very(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z0) ∧ say-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z27) ∧ person(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "Arthur_C._Clarke") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "Arthur") ∧ :op2(z28, "Clark") ∧ :ARG0(z29, z27) ∧ have-org-role-91(z29) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z30) ∧ director(z30) ∧ :mod(z30, z31) ∧ master(z31) ∧ :topic(z31, z32) ∧ science-fiction(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z27) ∧ sign-01(z33)


The epidemic raged in 2020, but e-commerce live streaming rose against the trend. There were more than 4 million live e-commerce broadcasts nationwide in the first quarter. everything can be broadcast and all people can broadcast has become a resounding slogan. A survey of consumers and businesses shows that in live streaming of e-commerce, many consumers can buy the goods they want at favorable prices, and merchants can also increase their sales. According to this, some experts infer that the commercial model of e-commerce live broadcast will still be sought after by merchants and consumers after the epidemic.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, does not undermine the views of the above experts?

Choices:
- At present, low-price promotion has become the norm for live streaming, and this kind of price competition makes merchants no profit.
- Live streaming often leads to inconsistent prices online and offline, which is not conducive to businesses maintaining the image of corporate brands.
- Many consumers encounter problems such as inferior quality and difficulties in protecting their rights after buying goods sold on live broadcasts.
- Individual broadcasters often exaggerate their sales data for the sake of profit, but consumers do not know about it.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / contrast-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / rage-02
                        :ARG0 (z3 / epidemic)
                        :time (z4 / date-entity
                                  :year 2020))
              :ARG2 (z5 / rise-01
                        :ARG1 (z6 / stream-03
                                  :ARG1 (z7 / online
                                            :mod (z8 / commerce))
                                  :mod (z9 / live))
                        :ARG0-of (z10 / oppose-01
                                      :ARG1 (z11 / trend))))
    :snt2 (z12 / broadcast-01
               :ARG1 (z13 / commerce
                          :mod (z14 / live))
               :location (z15 / nationwide)
               :quant (z16 / more-than
                           :op1 4000000)
               :time (z17 / quarter
                          :ord (z18 / ordinal-entity
                                    :value 1)))
    :snt3 (z19 / become-01
               :ARG1 (z20 / and
                          :op1 (z21 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z22 / broadcast-01
                                               :ARG1 (z23 / everything)))
                          :op2 (z24 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z25 / broadcast-01
                                               :ARG0 (z26 / person
                                                          :mod (z27 / all)))))
               :ARG2 (z28 / slogan
                          :ARG0-of (z29 / resound-01)))
    :snt4 (z30 / show-01
               :ARG0 (z31 / survey-01
                          :ARG1 (z32 / and
                                     :op1 (z33 / person
                                               :ARG0-of (z34 / consume-01))
                                     :op2 (z35 / business)))
               :ARG1 (z36 / and
                          :op1 (z37 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z38 / buy-01
                                               :ARG0 (z39 / person
                                                          :quant (z40 / many)
                                                          :ARG0-of (z41 / consume-01))
                                               :ARG1 (z42 / good
                                                          :ARG1-of (z43 / want-01
                                                                        :ARG0 z39))
                                               :ARG3 (z44 / price
                                                          :mod (z45 / favorable)))
                                    :prep-in (z46 / stream-03
                                                  :ARG1 (z47 / commerce
                                                             :mod (z48 / live))))
                          :op2 (z49 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z50 / increase-01
                                               :ARG0 (z51 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z52 / merchandise-01))
                                               :ARG1 (z53 / sell-01
                                                          :ARG0 z51)
                                               :mod (z54 / also))
                                    :prep-in z46)))
    :snt5 (z55 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z56 / this)
               :ARG1 (z57 / infer-01
                          :ARG0 (z58 / person
                                     :quant (z59 / some)
                                     :ARG1-of (z60 / expert-01))
                          :ARG1 (z61 / seek-01
                                     :ARG0 (z62 / and
                                                :op1 (z63 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z64 / merchandise-01))
                                                :op2 (z65 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z66 / consume-01)))
                                     :ARG1 (z67 / model
                                                :mod (z68 / commercial)
                                                :poss (z69 / stream-03
                                                           :ARG1 (z70 / commerce)
                                                           :mod (z71 / live)))
                                     :mod (z72 / still)
                                     :time (z73 / after
                                                :op1 (z74 / epidemic)))))
    :snt6 (z75 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z76 / stream-03
                          :ARG1 (z77 / live)
                          :mod (z78 / commerce))
               :ARG2 (z79 / rage-02
                          :ARG0 (z80 / epidemic)
                          :time (z81 / date-entity
                                     :year 2020)))
    :snt7 (z82 / broadcast-03
               :ARG1 (z83 / commerce
                          :mod (z84 / live))
               :location (z85 / nationwide)
               :quant (z86 / more-than
                           :op1 4000000)
               :time (z87 / quarter
                          :ord (z88 / ordinal-entity
                                    :value 1)))
    :snt8 (z89 / broadcast-03
               :ARG1 (z90 / commerce
                          :mod (z91 / live))
               :location (z92 / nationwide)
               :quant (z93 / more-than
                           :op1 4000000))
    :snt9 (z94 / become-01
               :ARG1 (z95 / and
                          :op1 (z96 / possible-01
                                    :ARG1 (z97 / broadcast-01
                                               :ARG0 (z98 / person
                                                          :quant (z99 / many)
                                                          :ARG0-of (z100 / consume-01))))
                          :op2 (z101 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z102 / broadcast-01
                                                 :ARG0 (z103 / person
                                                             :mod (z1000 / all))))))
    :ARG2 (z1001 / slogan
                 :ARG0-of (z1002 / resound-01)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ contrast-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ rage-02(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ epidemic(z3) ∧ :time(z2, z4) ∧ date-entity(z4) ∧ :year(z4, 2020) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z5) ∧ rise-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ stream-03(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ online(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ commerce(z8) ∧ :mod(z6, z9) ∧ live(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z5) ∧ oppose-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ trend(z11) ∧ :snt2(z0, z12) ∧ broadcast-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ commerce(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ live(z14) ∧ :location(z12, z15) ∧ nationwide(z15) ∧ :quant(z12, z16) ∧ more-than(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, 4000000) ∧ :time(z12, z17) ∧ quarter(z17) ∧ :ord(z17, z18) ∧ ordinal-entity(z18) ∧ :value(z18, 1) ∧ :snt3(z0, z19) ∧ become-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ and(z20) ∧ :op1(z20, z21) ∧ possible-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ broadcast-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ everything(z23) ∧ :op2(z20, z24) ∧ possible-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ broadcast-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ person(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ all(z27) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z28) ∧ slogan(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z28) ∧ resound-01(z29) ∧ :snt4(z0, z30) ∧ show-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ survey-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ and(z32) ∧ :op1(z32, z33) ∧ person(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z33) ∧ consume-01(z34) ∧ :op2(z32, z35) ∧ business(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z36) ∧ and(z36) ∧ :op1(z36, z37) ∧ possible-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ buy-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z39) ∧ person(z39) ∧ :quant(z39, z40) ∧ many(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z39) ∧ consume-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z42) ∧ good(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ want-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z39) ∧ :ARG3(z38, z44) ∧ price(z44) ∧ :mod(z44, z45) ∧ favorable(z45) ∧ :prep-in(z37, z46) ∧ stream-03(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ commerce(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z48) ∧ live(z48) ∧ :op2(z36, z49) ∧ possible-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ increase-01(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z51) ∧ person(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z51) ∧ merchandise-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z53) ∧ sell-01(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z53, z51) ∧ :mod(z50, z54) ∧ also(z54) ∧ :prep-in(z49, z46) ∧ :snt5(z0, z55) ∧ say-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ this(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z57) ∧ infer-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z58) ∧ person(z58) ∧ :quant(z58, z59) ∧ some(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z58) ∧ expert-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z61) ∧ seek-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z62) ∧ and(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, z63) ∧ person(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z63) ∧ merchandise-01(z64) ∧ :op2(z62, z65) ∧ person(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z66, z65) ∧ consume-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z67) ∧ model(z67) ∧ :mod(z67, z68) ∧ commercial(z68) ∧ :poss(z67, z69) ∧ stream-03(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ commerce(z70) ∧ :mod(z69, z71) ∧ live(z71) ∧ :mod(z61, z72) ∧ still(z72) ∧ :time(z61, z73) ∧ after(z73) ∧ :op1(z73, z74) ∧ epidemic(z74) ∧ :snt6(z0, z75) ∧ have-concession-91(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ stream-03(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ live(z77) ∧ :mod(z76, z78) ∧ commerce(z78) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z79) ∧ rage-02(z79) ∧ :ARG0(z79, z80) ∧ epidemic(z80) ∧ :time(z79, z81) ∧ date-entity(z81) ∧ :year(z81, 2020) ∧ :snt7(z0, z82) ∧ broadcast-03(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z83) ∧ commerce(z83) ∧ :mod(z83, z84) ∧ live(z84) ∧ :location(z82, z85) ∧ nationwide(z85) ∧ :quant(z82, z86) ∧ more-than(z86) ∧ :op1(z86, 4000000) ∧ :time(z82, z87) ∧ quarter(z87) ∧ :ord(z87, z88) ∧ ordinal-entity(z88) ∧ :value(z88, 1) ∧ :snt8(z0, z89) ∧ broadcast-03(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ commerce(z90) ∧ :mod(z90, z91) ∧ live(z91) ∧ :location(z89, z92) ∧ nationwide(z92) ∧ :quant(z89, z93) ∧ more-than(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, 4000000) ∧ :snt9(z0, z94) ∧ become-01(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z95) ∧ and(z95) ∧ :op1(z95, z96) ∧ possible-01(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z96, z97) ∧ broadcast-01(z97) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z98) ∧ person(z98) ∧ :quant(z98, z99) ∧ many(z99) ∧ :ARG0(z100, z98) ∧ consume-01(z100) ∧ :op2(z95, z101) ∧ possible-01(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ broadcast-01(z102) ∧ :ARG0(z102, z103) ∧ person(z103) ∧ :mod(z103, z1000) ∧ all(z1000) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z1001) ∧ slogan(z1001) ∧ :ARG0(z1002, z1001) ∧ resound-01(z1002)


For the next year, the Chefs' Union has requested a 10 percent salary increase for each of its members, whereas the Hotel Managers' Union has requested only an 8 percent salary increase for each of its members. These facts demonstrate that the average dollar amount of the raises that the Chefs' Union has requested for next year is greater than that of the raises requested by the Hotel Managers' Union.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Choices:
- The average dollar amount of the raises that the members of the Chefs' Union received last year was equal to the average dollar amount of the raises that the members of the Hotel Managers' Union received.
- The Chefs' Union has many more members than does the Hotel Managers' Union.
- The Chefs' Union is a more powerful union than is the Hotel Managers' Union and is ttherefore more likely to obtain the salary increases it requests.
- The current salaries of the members of the Chefs' Union are, on average, higher than the current salaries of the members of the Hotel Managers' Union.

(z0 / demonstrate-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / fact
              :mod (z2 / this))
    :ARG1 (z3 / have-degree-91
              :ARG1 (z4 / amount
                        :ARG1-of (z5 / average-01
                                     :ARG2 (z6 / dollar))
                        :ARG1-of (z7 / amount-01
                                     :ARG2 (z8 / raise-01
                                               :ARG1-of (z9 / request-01
                                                            :ARG0 (z10 / organization
                                                                       :wiki "Teamsters_Union"
                                                                       :name (z11 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Chefs'"
                                                                                :op2 "Union"))
                                                            :time (z12 / year
                                                                       :mod (z13 / next))))))
              :ARG2 (z14 / great)
              :ARG3 (z15 / more)
              :ARG4 (z16 / amount
                         :ARG1-of (z17 / increase-01
                                       :ARG2 (z18 / percentage-entity
                                                  :value 8)
                                       :mod (z19 / only)
                                       :ARG1-of (z20 / request-01
                                                     :ARG0 (z21 / organization
                                                                :wiki "Hotel_Managers'_Union"
                                                                :name (z22 / name
                                                                           :op1 "Hotel"
                                                                           :op2 "Managers'"
                                                                           :op3 "Union")))))
              :ARG1-of (z23 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z24 / contrast-01
                                       :ARG1 (z25 / request-01
                                                  :ARG0 z10
                                                  :ARG1 (z26 / increase-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z27 / salary)
                                                             :ARG2 (z28 / percentage-entity
                                                                        :value 10)
                                                             :beneficiary (z29 / person
                                                                               :ARG0-of (z30 / have-org-role-91
                                                                                :ARG1 z10
                                                                                :ARG2 (z31 / member))
                                                                               :mod (z32 / each))))
                                       :ARG2 (z33 / request-01
                                                  :ARG0 z21
                                                  :ARG1 (z34 / increase-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z35 / salary)
                                                             :ARG2 (z36 / percentage-entity
                                                                        :value 10)
                                                             :beneficiary (z37 / person
                                                                               :ARG0-of (z38 / have-org-role-91
                                                                                :ARG1 z10
                                                                                :ARG2 (z39 / member))
                                                                               :mod (z40 / each))))))
              :ARG1-of (z41 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z42 / and
                                       :op1 (z43 / request-01
                                                 :ARG0 z10
                                                 :ARG1 (z44 / raise))
                                       :op2 (z45 / request-01
                                                 :ARG0 z21
                                                 :ARG1 (z46 / raise))
                                       :time z12)))
    :ARG1 (z48 / person
               :ARG0-of (z49 / have-org-role-91
                             :ARG1 z10
                             :ARG2 (z50 / member)))
    :time (z51 / date-entity
               :month 1
               :mod (z52 / next)))

demonstrate-01(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ fact(z1) ∧ :mod(z1, z2) ∧ this(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z3) ∧ have-degree-91(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ amount(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ average-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z6) ∧ dollar(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z4) ∧ amount-01(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z8) ∧ raise-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z8) ∧ request-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ organization(z10) ∧ :wiki(z10, "Teamsters_Union") ∧ :name(z10, z11) ∧ name(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, "Chefs'") ∧ :op2(z11, "Union") ∧ :time(z9, z12) ∧ year(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ next(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z14) ∧ great(z14) ∧ :ARG3(z3, z15) ∧ more(z15) ∧ :ARG4(z3, z16) ∧ amount(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z16) ∧ increase-01(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z18) ∧ percentage-entity(z18) ∧ :value(z18, 8) ∧ :mod(z17, z19) ∧ only(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z17) ∧ request-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ organization(z21) ∧ :wiki(z21, "Hotel_Managers'_Union") ∧ :name(z21, z22) ∧ name(z22) ∧ :op1(z22, "Hotel") ∧ :op2(z22, "Managers'") ∧ :op3(z22, "Union") ∧ :ARG1(z23, z3) ∧ cause-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ contrast-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ request-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ increase-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ salary(z27) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z28) ∧ percentage-entity(z28) ∧ :value(z28, 10) ∧ :beneficiary(z26, z29) ∧ person(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z29) ∧ have-org-role-91(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z10) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z31) ∧ member(z31) ∧ :mod(z29, z32) ∧ each(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z33) ∧ request-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z21) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ increase-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ salary(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z36) ∧ percentage-entity(z36) ∧ :value(z36, 10) ∧ :beneficiary(z34, z37) ∧ person(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z37) ∧ have-org-role-91(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z10) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z39) ∧ member(z39) ∧ :mod(z37, z40) ∧ each(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z3) ∧ cause-01(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z42) ∧ and(z42) ∧ :op1(z42, z43) ∧ request-01(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z10) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ raise(z44) ∧ :op2(z42, z45) ∧ request-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z21) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ raise(z46) ∧ :time(z42, z12) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z48) ∧ person(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z48) ∧ have-org-role-91(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z10) ∧ :ARG2(z49, z50) ∧ member(z50) ∧ :time(z0, z51) ∧ date-entity(z51) ∧ :month(z51, 1) ∧ :mod(z51, z52) ∧ next(z52)


Despite the best efforts of astronomers, no one has yet succeeded in exchanging messages with intelligent life on other planets or in other solar systems. In fact, no one has even managed to prove that any kind of extraterrestrial life exists. Thus, there is clearly no intelligent life anywhere but on Earth.

Question: The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument

Choices:
- relies on a weak analogy rather than on evidence to draw a conclusion
- confuses an absence of evidence for a hypothesis with the existence of evidence against the hypothesis
- makes an inference that relies on the vagueness of the term life
- fails to consider that there might be extraterrestrial forms of intelligence that are not living beings

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-concession-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / succeed-01
                        :ARG0 (z3 / no-one)
                        :ARG1 (z4 / exchange-01
                                  :ARG0 z3
                                  :ARG1 (z5 / message)
                                  :ARG2 (z6 / life
                                            :ARG1-of (z7 / intelligent-01)
                                            :location (z8 / or
                                                          :op1 (z9 / planet
                                                                   :mod (z10 / other))
                                                          :op2 (z11 / system
                                                                    :mod (z12 / sun)
                                                                    :mod (z13 / other)))))
                        :time (z14 / yet))
              :ARG2 (z15 / effort-01
                         :ARG0 (z16 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z17 / have-org-role-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z18 / person
                                                             :ARG0-of (z19 / astronomy))))
                         :ARG1-of (z20 / have-degree-91
                                       :ARG2 (z21 / good-02
                                                  :ARG1 z15)
                                       :ARG3 (z22 / most))))
    :snt2 (z23 / manage-02
               :ARG0 (z24 / no-one)
               :ARG1 (z25 / prove-01
                          :ARG0 z24
                          :ARG1 (z26 / exist-01
                                     :ARG1 (z27 / life
                                                :mod (z28 / extraterrestrial)
                                                :mod (z29 / kind
                                                          :mod (z30 / any)))))
               :mod (z31 / even)
               :mod (z32 / in-fact))
    :snt3 (z33 / clear-06
               :ARG1 (z34 / life
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1-of (z35 / intelligent-01)
                          :location (z36 / anywhere
                                         :ARG2-of (z37 / except-01
                                                       :ARG1 (z38 / planet
                                                                  :wiki "Earth"
                                                                  :name (z39 / name
                                                                             :op1 "Earth"))))))
    :snt4 (z40 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / life
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1-of (z42 / intelligent-01)
                          :location (z43 / anywhere
                                         :ARG2-of (z44 / except-01
                                                       :ARG1 (z45 / planet
                                                                  :wiki "Earth"
                                                                  :name (z46 / name
                                                                             :op1 "Earth")))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-concession-91(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ succeed-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ no-one(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z4) ∧ exchange-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ message(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z6) ∧ life(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ intelligent-01(z7) ∧ :location(z6, z8) ∧ or(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ planet(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ other(z10) ∧ :op2(z8, z11) ∧ system(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ sun(z12) ∧ :mod(z11, z13) ∧ other(z13) ∧ :time(z2, z14) ∧ yet(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z15) ∧ effort-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ person(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z16) ∧ have-org-role-91(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z18) ∧ person(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z18) ∧ astronomy(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z15) ∧ have-degree-91(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z21) ∧ good-02(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z15) ∧ :ARG3(z20, z22) ∧ most(z22) ∧ :snt2(z0, z23) ∧ manage-02(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ no-one(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z25) ∧ prove-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ exist-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ life(z27) ∧ :mod(z27, z28) ∧ extraterrestrial(z28) ∧ :mod(z27, z29) ∧ kind(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z30) ∧ any(z30) ∧ :mod(z23, z31) ∧ even(z31) ∧ :mod(z23, z32) ∧ in-fact(z32) ∧ :snt3(z0, z33) ∧ clear-06(z33) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ life(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z34) ∧ intelligent-01(z35) ∧ :location(z34, z36) ∧ anywhere(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z36) ∧ except-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ planet(z38) ∧ :wiki(z38, "Earth") ∧ :name(z38, z39) ∧ name(z39) ∧ :op1(z39, "Earth")) ∧ :snt4(z0, z40) ∧ cause-01(z40) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ life(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ intelligent-01(z42) ∧ :location(z41, z43) ∧ anywhere(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z43) ∧ except-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ planet(z45) ∧ :wiki(z45, "Earth") ∧ :name(z45, z46) ∧ name(z46) ∧ :op1(z46, "Earth"))


Psychologists have found that, in general, students' attention varies with the time the teacher gives.At the beginning of the lecture, the student's attention will be greatly enhanced, and for a period of time in the middle to maintain a more ideal state. Then, the students' attention will begin to be distracted.

Question: Which of the following options, if correct, best weakens the above conclusions?

Choices:
- The teacher is well-arranged to get enough attention
- There will always be a few students who can stay focused throughout
- Interest is a key factor in the ability to concentrate
- The time a person can fully concentrate is only 7 seconds

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / find-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / psychologist)
              :ARG1 (z3 / vary-01
                        :ARG1 (z4 / attend-02
                                  :ARG0 (z5 / person
                                            :ARG0-of (z6 / study-01)))
                        :ARG3 (z7 / time
                                  :ARG1-of (z8 / give-01
                                               :ARG0 (z9 / person
                                                         :ARG0-of (z10 / teach-01))))
                        :ARG1-of (z11 / general-02)))
    :snt2 (z12 / begin-01
               :ARG1 (z13 / lecture-01)
               :ARG2 (z14 / and
                          :op1 (z15 / enhance-01
                                    :ARG1 (z16 / attend-02
                                               :ARG0 (z17 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z18 / study-01)))
                                    :degree (z19 / great))
                          :op2 (z20 / maintain-01
                                    :ARG0 z17
                                    :ARG1 (z21 / state
                                               :ARG1-of (z22 / have-degree-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z23 / ideal)
                                                             :ARG3 (z24 / more)))
                                    :duration (z25 / period
                                                   :mod (z26 / time)
                                                   :time (z27 / middle)))))
    :snt3 (z28 / begin-01
               :ARG1 (z29 / distract-01
                          :ARG1 (z30 / attend-02
                                     :ARG0 (z31 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z32 / study-01))))
               :time (z33 / then))
    :snt4 (z34 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z35 / time)
               :direction (z36 / out)
               :time (z37 / after
                          :op1 (z38 / stop-01)))
    :snt5 (z39 / period
               :time-of (z40 / middle)
               :duration-of (z41 / maintain-01
                                 :ARG1 (z42 / state
                                            :ARG1-of (z43 / have-degree-91
                                                          :ARG2 (z44 / ideal)
                                                          :ARG3 (z45 / more))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ find-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ psychologist(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ vary-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ attend-02(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ person(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z5) ∧ study-01(z6) ∧ :ARG3(z3, z7) ∧ time(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ give-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ person(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z9) ∧ teach-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z3) ∧ general-02(z11) ∧ :snt2(z0, z12) ∧ begin-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ lecture-01(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z14) ∧ and(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, z15) ∧ enhance-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ attend-02(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ study-01(z18) ∧ :degree(z15, z19) ∧ great(z19) ∧ :op2(z14, z20) ∧ maintain-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z17) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ state(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z21) ∧ have-degree-91(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z23) ∧ ideal(z23) ∧ :ARG3(z22, z24) ∧ more(z24) ∧ :duration(z20, z25) ∧ period(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ time(z26) ∧ :time(z25, z27) ∧ middle(z27) ∧ :snt3(z0, z28) ∧ begin-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ distract-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ attend-02(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z31) ∧ person(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z31) ∧ study-01(z32) ∧ :time(z28, z33) ∧ then(z33) ∧ :snt4(z0, z34) ∧ go-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ time(z35) ∧ :direction(z34, z36) ∧ out(z36) ∧ :time(z34, z37) ∧ after(z37) ∧ :op1(z37, z38) ∧ stop-01(z38) ∧ :snt5(z0, z39) ∧ period(z39) ∧ :time(z40, z39) ∧ middle(z40) ∧ :duration(z41, z39) ∧ maintain-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ state(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ have-degree-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ ideal(z44) ∧ :ARG3(z43, z45) ∧ more(z45)