Due to the profitable but unlawful practice of selling elephant tusks, elephants have been hunted to near extinction by unlicensed poachers. Ttherefore, an efficient way to prevent the hunting of elephants would be to file down the tusks from time to time, thus removing any incentive for hunting elephants.

Question: Which of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

Choices:
- Elephants are only valued by poachers for their tusks.
- Poachers often steal baby elephants to raise in captivity and later sell them for a profit.
- Elephants whose tusks have been trimmed will be unable to defend themselves against poachers.
- The demand for elephant tusks will decrease as supply dwindles.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / cause-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / practice-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / sell-01
                                  :ARG1 (z4 / tusk
                                            :part-of (z5 / elephant)))
                        :ARG1-of (z6 / profitable-02
                                     :ARG1-of (z7 / contrast-01
                                                  :ARG2 (z8 / legal-02
                                                            :polarity -
                                                            :ARG1 z2))))
              :ARG1 (z9 / hunt-01
                        :ARG0 (z10 / poacher
                                   :ARG1-of (z11 / license-01
                                                 :polarity -))
                        :ARG1 z5
                        :ARG1-of (z12 / near-02
                                      :ARG2 (z13 / extinct
                                                 :domain z5))))
    :snt2 (z14 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z15 / way
                          :ARG1-of (z16 / efficient-01)
                          :instrument-of (z17 / prevent-01
                                              :ARG1 (z18 / hunt-01
                                                         :ARG1 (z19 / elephant)))
                          :domain (z20 / file-01
                                       :ARG1 (z21 / tusk)
                                       :ARG4 (z22 / down)
                                       :frequency (z23 / time-to-time)
                                       :ARG0-of (z24 / remove-01
                                                     :ARG1 (z25 / incentivize-01
                                                                :ARG2 (z26 / hunt-01
                                                                           :ARG1 z19)
                                                                :mod (z27 / any)))
                                       :ARG0-of (z28 / cause-01
                                                     :ARG1 (z29 / remove-01
                                                                :ARG1 z25)))))
    :snt3 (z30 / go-03
               :ARG1 (z31 / die-01
                          :ARG1 (z32 / elephant))
               :ARG1-of (z33 / near-02
                             :ARG2 (z34 / extinct
                                        :domain z32)))
    :snt1 (z35 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z36 / practice-01
                          :ARG1 (z37 / sell-01
                                     :ARG1 (z38 / tusk
                                                :part-of (z39 / elephant)))
                          :ARG1-of (z40 / profitable-02
                                        :ARG1-of (z41 / contrast-01
                                                      :ARG2 (z42 / legal-02
                                                                 :polarity -
                                                                 :ARG1 z36))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ cause-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ practice-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ sell-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ tusk(z4) ∧ :part(z5, z4) ∧ elephant(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z2) ∧ profitable-02(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ contrast-01(z7) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z7, z8) ∧ legal-02(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z2)) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z9) ∧ hunt-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ poacher(z10) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z11, z10) ∧ license-01(z11)) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z5) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z9) ∧ near-02(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z13) ∧ extinct(z13) ∧ :domain(z13, z5) ∧ :snt2(z0, z14) ∧ cause-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ way(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ efficient-01(z16) ∧ :instrument(z17, z15) ∧ prevent-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ hunt-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ elephant(z19) ∧ :domain(z15, z20) ∧ file-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ tusk(z21) ∧ :ARG4(z20, z22) ∧ down(z22) ∧ :frequency(z20, z23) ∧ time-to-time(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z20) ∧ remove-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ incentivize-01(z25) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z26) ∧ hunt-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z19) ∧ :mod(z25, z27) ∧ any(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z20) ∧ cause-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ remove-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z25) ∧ :snt3(z0, z30) ∧ go-03(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ die-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ elephant(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z30) ∧ near-02(z33) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ extinct(z34) ∧ :domain(z34, z32) ∧ :snt1(z0, z35) ∧ cause-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z36) ∧ practice-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ sell-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ tusk(z38) ∧ :part(z39, z38) ∧ elephant(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z36) ∧ profitable-02(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z40) ∧ contrast-01(z41) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ legal-02(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z36))


The amount of time it takes for most of a worker's occupational knowledge and skills to become obsolete has been declining because of the introduction of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). Given the rate at which AMT is currently being introduced in manufacturing, the average worker's old skills become obsolete and new skills are required within as little as five years.

Question: Which of the following plans, if feasible, would allow a company to prepare most effectively for the rapid obsolescence of skills described above?

Choices:
- The company will ensure that it can offer its employees any training necessary for meeting their job requirements.
- The company will develop a program to offer selected employees the opportunity to receive training six years after they were originally hired.
- The company will increase its investment in AMT every year for a period of at least five years.
- The company will periodically survey its employees to determine how the introduction of AMT has affected them.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / decline-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / amount
                        :quant-of (z3 / time
                                      :ARG1-of (z4 / take-10
                                                   :ARG0 (z5 / become-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z6 / and
                                                                       :op1 (z7 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z8 / know-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z9 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z10 / work-01))))
                                                                       :op2 (z11 / skill)
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z12 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z13 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z14 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z15 / know-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z9)
                                                                                :mod (z16 / occupation))
                                                                                :op2 z11)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z17 / most)))
                                                             :ARG2 (z18 / obsolete))))
                        :ARG1-of (z19 / cause-01
                                      :ARG0 (z20 / introduce-02
                                                 :ARG1 (z21 / technology
                                                            :mod (z22 / manufacture-01
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z23 / advanced-02))))))
              :snt2 (z24 / and
                         :op1 (z25 / become-01
                                   :ARG1 (z26 / skill
                                              :poss (z27 / person
                                                         :ARG0-of (z28 / work-01)
                                                         :ARG1-of (z29 / average-04))
                                              :mod (z30 / old))
                                   :ARG2 (z31 / obsolete))
                         :op2 (z32 / require-01
                                   :ARG1 (z33 / skill
                                              :ARG1-of (z34 / new-01))
                                   :time (z35 / after
                                              :op1 z25
                                              :quant (z36 / up-to
                                                          :op1 (z37 / temporal-quantity
                                                                    :quant 5
                                                                    :unit (z38 / year)
                                                                    :mod (z39 / little))))
                                   :ARG1-of (z40 / cause-01
                                                 :ARG0 (z41 / rate
                                                            :degree-of (z42 / introduce-02
                                                                            :ARG1 z21
                                                                            :ARG2 (z43 / manufacture-01)
                                                                            :time (z44 / current))))))
              :snt3 (z45 / and
                         :op1 (z46 / become-01
                                   :ARG1 (z47 / skill
                                              :poss (z48 / person
                                                         :ARG0-of (z49 / work-01)
                                                         :ARG1-of (z50 / average-04))
                                              :mod (z51 / old))
                                   :ARG2 (z52 / obsolete))
                         :op2 (z53 / require-01
                                   :ARG1 (z54 / skill
                                              :ARG1-of (z55 / new-01))
                                   :time (z56 / after
                                              :op1 z46
                                              :quant (z57 / up-to
                                                          :op1 (z58 / temporal-quantity
                                                                    :quant 5
                                                                    :unit (z59 / year)))))
                         :ARG1-of (z60 / cause-01
                                       :ARG0 (z61 / rate
                                                  :degree-of (z62 / introduce-02
                                                                  :ARG1 z21
                                                                  :ARG2 z43
                                                                  :time (z63 / current)))))
              :snt4 (z64 / cause-01
                         :ARG0 (z65 / introduce-02
                                    :ARG1 (z66 / technology
                                               :mod (z67 / manufacture-01
                                                         :ARG1-of (z68 / advanced-02))))
                         :ARG1 (z69 / decline-01
                                    :ARG1 (z70 / amount
                                               :quant-of (z71 / time)
                                               :ARG1-of (z72 / take-10
                                                             :ARG0 (z73 / become-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z74 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z75 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z76 / know-01)
                                                                                :mod (z77 / occupation))
                                                                                :op2 (z78 / skill)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z79 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z80 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z81 / thing
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z82 / know-01)
                                                                                :mod (z83 / occupation))
                                                                                :op2 (z84 / skill))
                                                                                :ARG3 (z85 / most))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z86 / obsolete)))))))
              :op1 (z88 / go-01
                        :ARG1 (z89 / strawman-00)
                        :ARG2 (z90 / up-to
                                   :op1 (z91 / temporal-quantity
                                             :quant 1
                                             :unit (z92 / year))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ decline-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ amount(z2) ∧ :quant(z3, z2) ∧ time(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ take-10(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z5) ∧ become-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ and(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, z7) ∧ thing(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ know-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ person(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z9) ∧ work-01(z10) ∧ :op2(z6, z11) ∧ skill(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z6) ∧ include-91(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z13) ∧ and(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, z14) ∧ thing(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ know-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z9) ∧ :mod(z14, z16) ∧ occupation(z16) ∧ :op2(z13, z11) ∧ :ARG3(z12, z17) ∧ most(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z18) ∧ obsolete(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z2) ∧ cause-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ introduce-02(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ technology(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ manufacture-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ advanced-02(z23) ∧ :snt2(z1, z24) ∧ and(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, z25) ∧ become-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ skill(z26) ∧ :poss(z26, z27) ∧ person(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z27) ∧ work-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z27) ∧ average-04(z29) ∧ :mod(z26, z30) ∧ old(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z31) ∧ obsolete(z31) ∧ :op2(z24, z32) ∧ require-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ skill(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z33) ∧ new-01(z34) ∧ :time(z32, z35) ∧ after(z35) ∧ :op1(z35, z25) ∧ :quant(z35, z36) ∧ up-to(z36) ∧ :op1(z36, z37) ∧ temporal-quantity(z37) ∧ :quant(z37, 5) ∧ :unit(z37, z38) ∧ year(z38) ∧ :mod(z37, z39) ∧ little(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z32) ∧ cause-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z41) ∧ rate(z41) ∧ :degree(z42, z41) ∧ introduce-02(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z21) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z43) ∧ manufacture-01(z43) ∧ :time(z42, z44) ∧ current(z44) ∧ :snt3(z1, z45) ∧ and(z45) ∧ :op1(z45, z46) ∧ become-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ skill(z47) ∧ :poss(z47, z48) ∧ person(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z48) ∧ work-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z48) ∧ average-04(z50) ∧ :mod(z47, z51) ∧ old(z51) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z52) ∧ obsolete(z52) ∧ :op2(z45, z53) ∧ require-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ skill(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z54) ∧ new-01(z55) ∧ :time(z53, z56) ∧ after(z56) ∧ :op1(z56, z46) ∧ :quant(z56, z57) ∧ up-to(z57) ∧ :op1(z57, z58) ∧ temporal-quantity(z58) ∧ :quant(z58, 5) ∧ :unit(z58, z59) ∧ year(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z45) ∧ cause-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ rate(z61) ∧ :degree(z62, z61) ∧ introduce-02(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z21) ∧ :ARG2(z62, z43) ∧ :time(z62, z63) ∧ current(z63) ∧ :snt4(z1, z64) ∧ cause-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ introduce-02(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ technology(z66) ∧ :mod(z66, z67) ∧ manufacture-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z67) ∧ advanced-02(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z69) ∧ decline-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ amount(z70) ∧ :quant(z71, z70) ∧ time(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z70) ∧ take-10(z72) ∧ :ARG0(z72, z73) ∧ become-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ and(z74) ∧ :op1(z74, z75) ∧ thing(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z75) ∧ know-01(z76) ∧ :mod(z75, z77) ∧ occupation(z77) ∧ :op2(z74, z78) ∧ skill(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z74) ∧ include-91(z79) ∧ :ARG2(z79, z80) ∧ and(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, z81) ∧ thing(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z81) ∧ know-01(z82) ∧ :mod(z81, z83) ∧ occupation(z83) ∧ :op2(z80, z84) ∧ skill(z84) ∧ :ARG3(z79, z85) ∧ most(z85) ∧ :ARG2(z74, z86) ∧ obsolete(z86) ∧ :op1(z1, z88) ∧ go-01(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z89) ∧ strawman-00(z89) ∧ :ARG2(z88, z90) ∧ up-to(z90) ∧ :op1(z90, z91) ∧ temporal-quantity(z91) ∧ :quant(z91, 1) ∧ :unit(z91, z92) ∧ year(z92)


The reverse flow of talents refers to the phenomenon that professionals who used to work in well-known big cities actively choose to work in small and medium-sized cities.

Question: Which of the following options belongs to the reverse flow of talents?

Choices:
- The county town of Xiaozhao's hometown has developed rapidly in recent years, and is recruiting professionals with working background in big cities everywhere. After repeated consideration, Xiaozhao resigned from a research department in Beijing and went back to his hometown to apply for a job successfully
- Xiao Han, who graduated from high school, has worked hard in Shenzhen for many years. He feels deeply that although there are many job opportunities here and the annual income is considerable, there is too much competitive pressure and sometimes he can't follow his heart. After the Spring Festival, he decided to stay in his hometown to start a business
- After Xiaohuang got his master's degree in bridge design from a university in Tianjin, he came to the small city where his girlfriend lived and found a good job. He and his girlfriend were very happy
- The post-80s white-collar Xiao Li worked in the headquarters of a financial institution in Shanghai. A few days ago, he decided to change jobs to a nearby insurance company. Unexpectedly, he found that his decision coincided with the choice of many colleagues

(z0 / refer-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / flow-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / talent)
              :ARG1-of (z3 / reverse-01))
    :ARG1 (z4 / phenomenon
              :mod (z5 / choose-01
                       :ARG0 (z6 / professional
                                 :ARG0-of (z7 / work-01
                                              :location (z8 / city
                                                            :mod (z9 / big)
                                                            :ARG1-of (z10 / know-02
                                                                          :degree (z11 / well)))
                                              :time (z12 / use-03)))
                       :ARG1 (z13 / work-01
                                  :ARG0 z6
                                  :location (z14 / and
                                                 :op1 (z15 / city
                                                           :ARG1-of (z16 / size-01
                                                                         :ARG2 (z17 / small)))
                                                 :op2 (z18 / city
                                                           :ARG1-of (z19 / size-01
                                                                         :ARG2 (z20 / medium)))))
                       :manner (z21 / activity-06
                                    :ARG0 z6)))
    :ARG2 (z22 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z23 / talent)
               :direction (z24 / reverse))
    :ARG1-of (z25 / mean-01
                  :ARG2 (z26 / go-01
                             :ARG1 (z27 / talent)
                             :direction (z28 / back))))

refer-01(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ flow-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ talent(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z1) ∧ reverse-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z4) ∧ phenomenon(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ choose-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ professional(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z6) ∧ work-01(z7) ∧ :location(z7, z8) ∧ city(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ big(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z8) ∧ know-02(z10) ∧ :degree(z10, z11) ∧ well(z11) ∧ :time(z7, z12) ∧ use-03(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z13) ∧ work-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z6) ∧ :location(z13, z14) ∧ and(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, z15) ∧ city(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ size-01(z16) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z17) ∧ small(z17) ∧ :op2(z14, z18) ∧ city(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z18) ∧ size-01(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z20) ∧ medium(z20) ∧ :manner(z5, z21) ∧ activity-06(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z6) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z22) ∧ go-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ talent(z23) ∧ :direction(z22, z24) ∧ reverse(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z0) ∧ mean-01(z25) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z26) ∧ go-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ talent(z27) ∧ :direction(z26, z28) ∧ back(z28)


A car factory claims that its new car has passed various crash tests. When a car accident occurs, the safety of the passengers can be fully protected. But there are also questions about whether crash tests alone will not prove the car is safe.

Question: Which of the following, if true, cannot support this challenge?

Choices:
- The test can not simulate the driver's emergency response at the moment of accident
- The vehicles used in the test may not be exactly the same as the vehicles sold
- Tests are usually conducted in the laboratory rather than on crash prone roads
- The size and quality of the doll used in the test can not fully simulate the real human body

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / claim-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / factory
                        :mod (z3 / car))
              :ARG1 (z4 / pass-07
                        :ARG1 (z5 / car
                                  :ARG1-of (z6 / new-01)
                                  :poss z2)
                        :ARG2 (z7 / test-01
                                  :ARG1 z5
                                  :ARG2 (z8 / crash-01)
                                  :mod (z9 / various))))
    :snt2 (z10 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z11 / protect-01
                          :ARG1 (z12 / safe-01
                                     :ARG1 (z13 / passenger))
                          :degree (z14 / full)
                          :time (z15 / accident
                                     :mod (z16 / car))))
    :snt3 (z17 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z18 / question-03
                          :ARG1 (z19 / truth-value
                                     :polarity-of (z20 / prove-01
                                                       :polarity -
                                                       :ARG0 (z21 / test-01
                                                                  :ARG2 (z22 / crash-01)
                                                                  :mod (z23 / alone))
                                                       :ARG1 (z24 / safe-01
                                                                  :ARG1 (z25 / car))))
                          :mod (z26 / also)))
    :snt4 (z27 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z28 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z29 / go-01
                                     :ARG1 (z30 / pass-01
                                                :ARG1 (z31 / pass-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z32 / car
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z33 / new-01)
                                                                      :poss (z34 / company
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z35 / make-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z36 / car))))
                                                           :ARG2 (z37 / test-01
                                                                      :ARG2 (z38 / crash-01)
                                                                      :mod (z39 / various))))
                                     :direction (z40 / out))))
    :snt5 (z41 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z42 / protect-01
                          :ARG1 (z43 / safe-01
                                     :ARG1 (z44 / passenger))
                          :degree (z45 / full-09)
                          :time (z46 / accident
                                     :mod (z47 / car)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ claim-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ factory(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ car(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ pass-07(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ car(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ new-01(z6) ∧ :poss(z5, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z7) ∧ test-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z5) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z8) ∧ crash-01(z8) ∧ :mod(z7, z9) ∧ various(z9) ∧ :snt2(z0, z10) ∧ possible-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ protect-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ safe-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ passenger(z13) ∧ :degree(z11, z14) ∧ full(z14) ∧ :time(z11, z15) ∧ accident(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ car(z16) ∧ :snt3(z0, z17) ∧ contrast-01(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z18) ∧ question-03(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ truth-value(z19) ∧ ¬(:polarity(z20, z19) ∧ prove-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ test-01(z21) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z22) ∧ crash-01(z22) ∧ :mod(z21, z23) ∧ alone(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z24) ∧ safe-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ car(z25)) ∧ :mod(z18, z26) ∧ also(z26) ∧ :snt4(z0, z27) ∧ have-concession-91(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ possible-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ go-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ pass-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ pass-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ car(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z32) ∧ new-01(z33) ∧ :poss(z32, z34) ∧ company(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ make-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ car(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z37) ∧ test-01(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z38) ∧ crash-01(z38) ∧ :mod(z37, z39) ∧ various(z39) ∧ :direction(z29, z40) ∧ out(z40) ∧ :snt5(z0, z41) ∧ possible-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ protect-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ safe-01(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ passenger(z44) ∧ :degree(z42, z45) ∧ full-09(z45) ∧ :time(z42, z46) ∧ accident(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ car(z47)


Wittgenstein was a student of Moore, a famous philosopher at Cambridge University. One day, philosopher Russell asked Moore, who is your best student? Moore said without hesitation: Wittgenstein. why? because among all the students, only he always showed a blank look when listening to the class, and there were always endless questions. later, Wittgenstein is more famous than Russell. Someone asked, why did Russell fall behind? Wittgenstein said: he has no problem.

Question: This paragraph is intended to illustrate that:

Choices:
- Doubting and questioning are always the secret of success
- Curiosity is the internal driving force of research
- Appreciation is an important factor in success
- Finding problems is the premise of continuous progress

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / study-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :wiki "Ludwig_Wittgenstein"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Wittgenstein"))
              :ARG1 (z4 / person
                        :wiki "Richard_A._Moore"
                        :name (z5 / name
                                  :op1 "Moore")
                        :ARG0-of (z6 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG1 (z7 / university
                                               :wiki "University_of_Cambridge"
                                               :name (z8 / name
                                                         :op1 "Cambridge"
                                                         :op2 "University"))
                                     :ARG2 (z9 / philosopher
                                               :ARG1-of (z10 / fame-01)))))
    :snt2 (z11 / ask-01
               :ARG0 (z12 / person
                          :wiki "Charles_W._Russell"
                          :name (z13 / name
                                     :op1 "Russell")
                          :mod (z14 / philosophy))
               :ARG1 (z15 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z16 / study-01
                                        :ARG1 z12
                                        :ARG1-of (z17 / have-degree-91
                                                      :ARG2 (z18 / good-03
                                                                 :ARG1 z15
                                                                 :ARG2 z16)
                                                      :ARG3 (z19 / most)))
                          :domain (z20 / amr-unknown))
               :ARG2 z4
               :time (z21 / day
                          :mod (z22 / one)))
    :snt3 (z23 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z24 / person
                          :wiki "Richard_A._Moore"
                          :name (z25 / name
                                     :op1 "Moore")
                          :mod (z26 / philosophy))
               :ARG1 (z27 / person
                          :wiki "Ludwig_Wittgenstein"
                          :name (z28 / name
                                     :op1 "Wittgenstein")
                          :ARG0-of (z29 / study-01)
                          :domain (z30 / amr-unknown))
               :manner (z31 / hesitate-01
                            :polarity -
                            :ARG0 z24))
    :snt4 (z32 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z33 / and
                          :op1 (z34 / show-01
                                    :ARG0 (z35 / he
                                               :mod (z36 / only)
                                               :ARG1-of (z37 / include-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z38 / person
                                                                        :ARG0-of (z39 / study-01)
                                                                        :mod (z40 / all))))
                                    :ARG1 (z41 / look-01
                                               :ARG0 z35
                                               :ARG1 (z42 / blank)
                                               :time (z43 / always)
                                               :time (z44 / listen-01
                                                          :ARG0 z35
                                                          :ARG1 (z45 / class)))
                                    :time (z46 / always))
                          :op2 (z47 / question-01
                                    :ARG1-of (z48 / end-01
                                                  :polarity -
                                                  :time z46)))
               :ARG1 (z49 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z50 / amr-unknown)
                          :ARG1 (z51 / fall-01
                                     :ARG1 (z52 / person
                                                :wiki "Charles_W._Russell"
                                                :name (z53 / name
                                                           :op1 "Russell"))
                                     :ARG4 (z54 / behind))))
    :snt5 (z55 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z56 / person
                          :wiki "Ludwig_Wittgenstein"
                          :name (z57 / name
                                     :op1 "Wittgenstein"))
               :ARG1 (z58 / have-03
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 z52
                          :ARG1 (z59 / problem)))
    :snt6 (z60 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z61 / person
                          :wiki "Ludwig_Wittgenstein"
                          :name (z62 / name
                                     :op1 "Wittgenstein"))
               :ARG1 (z63 / have-03
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 z52
                          :ARG1 (z64 / problem)))
    :snt7 (z65 / ask-01
               :ARG0 (z66 / someone)
               :ARG1 (z67 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z68 / amr-unknown)
                          :ARG1 (z69 / fall-01
                                     :ARG1 z52
                                     :ARG4 (z70 / behind)))
               :time (z71 / after
                          :op1 (z72 / now)))
    :snt8 (z73 / have-degree-91
               :ARG1 (z74 / person
                          :wiki "Ludwig_Wittgenstein"
                          :name (z75 / name
                                     :op1 "Wittgenstein"))
               :ARG2 (z76 / fame-01
                          :ARG1 z74)
               :ARG3 (z77 / more)
               :ARG4 (z78 / person
                          :wiki "Charles_W._Russell"
                          :name (z79 / name
                                     :op1 "Russell")))
    :snt9 (z80 / have-degree-91
               :ARG1 (z81 / person
                          :wiki "Ludwig_Wittgenstein"
                          :name (z82 / name
                                     :op1 "Wittgenstein"))
               :ARG2 (z83 / fame-01
                          :ARG1 z81)
               :ARG3 (z84 / more)
               :ARG4 (z85 / person
                          :wiki "Charles_W._W._W._W._W._W."
                          :name (z86 / name
                                     :op1 "W."
                                     :op2 "W."
                                     :op3 "W."
                                     :op4 "W."
                                     :op5 "W."
                                     :op6 "W."
                                     :op7 "W."
                                     :op8 "W."
                                     :op9 "W."
                                     :op10 "W."
                                     :op11 "W."
                                     :op12 "W."
                                     :op13 "W."
                                     :op14 "W."
                                     :op15 "W."
                                     :op16 "W."
                                     :op17 "W."
                                     :op18 "W."
                                     :op19 "W."
                                     :op20 "W."
                                     :op21 "W."
                                     :op22 "W."
                                     :op23 "W."
                                     :op24 "W."
                                     :op25 "W."
                                     :op26 "W."
                                     :op27 "D."
                                     :op28 "M."
                                     :op30 "A."
                                     :op31 "A."
                                     :op32 "A."
                                     :op33 "W."
                                     :op34 "W."
                                     :op36 "A."
                                     :op38 "W."
                                     :op39 "W."
                                     :op45 "W."
                                     :op6 "A."
                                     :op47 "W."
                                     :op48 "W."
                                     :op6 "A."
                                     :op7 "W."
                                     :op6 "W."
                                     :op7 "A."
                                     :op7 "W."
                                     :op38 "W."
                                     :op6 "O._A._B."
                                     :op7 "H."
                                     :op8 "O'Reilly"
                                     :op6 "A."
                                     :op7 "W."
                                     :op8 "W._A."))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ study-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Ludwig_Wittgenstein") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Wittgenstein") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ person(z4) ∧ :wiki(z4, "Richard_A._Moore") ∧ :name(z4, z5) ∧ name(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, "Moore") ∧ :ARG0(z6, z4) ∧ have-org-role-91(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ university(z7) ∧ :wiki(z7, "University_of_Cambridge") ∧ :name(z7, z8) ∧ name(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, "Cambridge") ∧ :op2(z8, "University") ∧ :ARG2(z6, z9) ∧ philosopher(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ fame-01(z10) ∧ :snt2(z0, z11) ∧ ask-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z12) ∧ person(z12) ∧ :wiki(z12, "Charles_W._Russell") ∧ :name(z12, z13) ∧ name(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, "Russell") ∧ :mod(z12, z14) ∧ philosophy(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z15) ∧ person(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z15) ∧ study-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z12) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z16) ∧ have-degree-91(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z18) ∧ good-03(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z15) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z16) ∧ :ARG3(z17, z19) ∧ most(z19) ∧ :domain(z15, z20) ∧ amr-unknown(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z4) ∧ :time(z11, z21) ∧ day(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ one(z22) ∧ :snt3(z0, z23) ∧ say-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ person(z24) ∧ :wiki(z24, "Richard_A._Moore") ∧ :name(z24, z25) ∧ name(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, "Moore") ∧ :mod(z24, z26) ∧ philosophy(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z27) ∧ person(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "Ludwig_Wittgenstein") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "Wittgenstein") ∧ :ARG0(z29, z27) ∧ study-01(z29) ∧ :domain(z27, z30) ∧ amr-unknown(z30) ∧ ¬(:manner(z23, z31) ∧ hesitate-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z24)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z32) ∧ cause-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ and(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, z34) ∧ show-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z35) ∧ he(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ only(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z35) ∧ include-91(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z37, z38) ∧ person(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z38) ∧ study-01(z39) ∧ :mod(z38, z40) ∧ all(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z41) ∧ look-01(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ blank(z42) ∧ :time(z41, z43) ∧ always(z43) ∧ :time(z41, z44) ∧ listen-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ class(z45) ∧ :time(z34, z46) ∧ always(z46) ∧ :op2(z33, z47) ∧ question-01(z47) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z48, z47) ∧ end-01(z48) ∧ :time(z48, z46)) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z49) ∧ cause-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z50) ∧ amr-unknown(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z51) ∧ fall-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z52) ∧ person(z52) ∧ :wiki(z52, "Charles_W._Russell") ∧ :name(z52, z53) ∧ name(z53) ∧ :op1(z53, "Russell") ∧ :ARG4(z51, z54) ∧ behind(z54) ∧ :snt5(z0, z55) ∧ say-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ person(z56) ∧ :wiki(z56, "Ludwig_Wittgenstein") ∧ :name(z56, z57) ∧ name(z57) ∧ :op1(z57, "Wittgenstein") ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z55, z58) ∧ have-03(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z52) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ problem(z59)) ∧ :snt6(z0, z60) ∧ say-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ person(z61) ∧ :wiki(z61, "Ludwig_Wittgenstein") ∧ :name(z61, z62) ∧ name(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, "Wittgenstein") ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z60, z63) ∧ have-03(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z52) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ problem(z64)) ∧ :snt7(z0, z65) ∧ ask-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z66) ∧ someone(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z67) ∧ cause-01(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z68) ∧ amr-unknown(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z69) ∧ fall-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z52) ∧ :ARG4(z69, z70) ∧ behind(z70) ∧ :time(z65, z71) ∧ after(z71) ∧ :op1(z71, z72) ∧ now(z72) ∧ :snt8(z0, z73) ∧ have-degree-91(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ person(z74) ∧ :wiki(z74, "Ludwig_Wittgenstein") ∧ :name(z74, z75) ∧ name(z75) ∧ :op1(z75, "Wittgenstein") ∧ :ARG2(z73, z76) ∧ fame-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z74) ∧ :ARG3(z73, z77) ∧ more(z77) ∧ :ARG4(z73, z78) ∧ person(z78) ∧ :wiki(z78, "Charles_W._Russell") ∧ :name(z78, z79) ∧ name(z79) ∧ :op1(z79, "Russell") ∧ :snt9(z0, z80) ∧ have-degree-91(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z81) ∧ person(z81) ∧ :wiki(z81, "Ludwig_Wittgenstein") ∧ :name(z81, z82) ∧ name(z82) ∧ :op1(z82, "Wittgenstein") ∧ :ARG2(z80, z83) ∧ fame-01(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z81) ∧ :ARG3(z80, z84) ∧ more(z84) ∧ :ARG4(z80, z85) ∧ person(z85) ∧ :wiki(z85, "Charles_W._W._W._W._W._W.") ∧ :name(z85, z86) ∧ name(z86) ∧ :op1(z86, "W.") ∧ :op2(z86, "W.") ∧ :op3(z86, "W.") ∧ :op4(z86, "W.") ∧ :op5(z86, "W.") ∧ :op6(z86, "W.") ∧ :op7(z86, "W.") ∧ :op8(z86, "W.") ∧ :op9(z86, "W.") ∧ :op10(z86, "W.") ∧ :op11(z86, "W.") ∧ :op12(z86, "W.") ∧ :op13(z86, "W.") ∧ :op14(z86, "W.") ∧ :op15(z86, "W.") ∧ :op16(z86, "W.") ∧ :op17(z86, "W.") ∧ :op18(z86, "W.") ∧ :op19(z86, "W.") ∧ :op20(z86, "W.") ∧ :op21(z86, "W.") ∧ :op22(z86, "W.") ∧ :op23(z86, "W.") ∧ :op24(z86, "W.") ∧ :op25(z86, "W.") ∧ :op26(z86, "W.") ∧ :op27(z86, "D.") ∧ :op28(z86, "M.") ∧ :op30(z86, "A.") ∧ :op31(z86, "A.") ∧ :op32(z86, "A.") ∧ :op33(z86, "W.") ∧ :op34(z86, "W.") ∧ :op36(z86, "A.") ∧ :op38(z86, "W.") ∧ :op39(z86, "W.") ∧ :op45(z86, "W.") ∧ :op6(z86, "A.") ∧ :op47(z86, "W.") ∧ :op48(z86, "W.") ∧ :op6(z86, "A.") ∧ :op7(z86, "W.") ∧ :op6(z86, "W.") ∧ :op7(z86, "A.") ∧ :op7(z86, "W.") ∧ :op38(z86, "W.") ∧ :op6(z86, "O._A._B.") ∧ :op7(z86, "H.") ∧ :op8(z86, "O'Reilly") ∧ :op6(z86, "A.") ∧ :op7(z86, "W.") ∧ :op8(z86, "W._A.")


If squirrels eat from a bird feeder, it will not attract many birds. However, squirrels eat from a bird feeder only if it lacks a protective cover. So a bird feeder will not attract many birds if it does not have a protective cover.

Question: The flawed pattern of reasoning in the argument above is most similar to that in which one of the following arguments?

Choices:
- If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low only if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. So a tire will wear out prematurely if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly.
- If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely. But tire pressure will become too low if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly. Ttherefore, if the car owner neglects to check the pressure regularly, a tire will wear out prematurely.
- If a tire's pressure is too low, the tire will wear out prematurely, and if a tire wears out prematurely, a likely cause is that the pressure was too low. So if a car owner checks the tire pressure regularly, the tires will not wear out prematurely.
- Tires wear out prematurely if car owners neglect to check the tire pressure regularly. Unless car owners are unaware of this fact, they check the tire pressure regularly. So car owners need to be made aware of the consequences of neglecting to check the tire pressure.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / attract-01
              :polarity -
              :ARG0 (z2 / thing
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / feed-01
                                     :ARG2 (z4 / bird)))
              :ARG1 (z5 / bird
                        :quant (z6 / many))
              :condition (z7 / eat-01
                             :ARG0 (z8 / squirrel)
                             :source z2))
    :snt2 (z9 / contrast-01
              :ARG2 (z10 / have-condition-91
                         :ARG1 (z11 / eat-01
                                    :ARG0 (z12 / squirrel)
                                    :source (z13 / thing
                                                 :ARG0-of (z14 / feed-01
                                                               :ARG2 (z15 / bird))))
                         :ARG2 (z16 / lack-01
                                    :ARG0 z13
                                    :ARG1 (z17 / cover
                                               :ARG1-of (z18 / protect-01)))
                         :mod (z19 / only)))
    :snt3 (z20 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z21 / attract-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z22 / thing
                                     :ARG0-of (z23 / feed-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z24 / bird)))
                          :ARG1 (z25 / bird
                                     :quant (z26 / many))
                          :condition (z27 / have-03
                                          :polarity -
                                          :ARG0 z22
                                          :ARG1 (z28 / cover
                                                     :ARG1-of (z29 / protect-01)))))
    :snt4 (z30 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z31 / and
                          :op1 (z32 / lunch-01
                                    :ARG0 (z33 / squirrel)
                                    :source (z34 / thing
                                                 :ARG0-of (z35 / feed-01
                                                               :ARG2 (z36 / bird))))
                          :op2 (z37 / call-02
                                    :ARG0 z33
                                    :ARG1 z34))
               :direction (z38 / out)
               :ARG1-of (z39 / cause-01)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ ¬(:snt1(z0, z1) ∧ :condition(z1, z7) ∧ eat-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z8) ∧ squirrel(z8) ∧ :source(z7, z2) ∧ attract-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ thing(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ feed-01(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z4) ∧ bird(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ bird(z5) ∧ :quant(z5, z6) ∧ many(z6)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ contrast-01(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z10) ∧ have-condition-91(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ eat-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z12) ∧ squirrel(z12) ∧ :source(z11, z13) ∧ thing(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z13) ∧ feed-01(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ bird(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z10, z16) ∧ lack-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z13) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ cover(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z17) ∧ protect-01(z18) ∧ :mod(z10, z19) ∧ only(z19) ∧ :snt3(z0, z20) ∧ infer-01(z20) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ ¬(:condition(z21, z27) ∧ have-03(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z22) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ cover(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z28) ∧ protect-01(z29)) ∧ attract-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ thing(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z22) ∧ feed-01(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z24) ∧ bird(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z25) ∧ bird(z25) ∧ :quant(z25, z26) ∧ many(z26)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z30) ∧ go-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ lunch-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ squirrel(z33) ∧ :source(z32, z34) ∧ thing(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z34) ∧ feed-01(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z36) ∧ bird(z36) ∧ :op2(z31, z37) ∧ call-02(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z33) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z34) ∧ :direction(z30, z38) ∧ out(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z30) ∧ cause-01(z39)


Because some university teachers have overseas doctorates, some overseas doctorates have a very high level.

Question: Which of the following options ensures that the above statement is correct?

Choices:
- All the teachers in colleges and universities have a very high level
- Not all college teachers have a high level
- Some university teachers have a very high level
- All high-level teachers have overseas doctorates

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / cause-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / have-03
                        :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                  :ARG0-of (z4 / teach-01
                                               :location (z5 / university))
                                  :quant (z6 / some))
                        :ARG1 (z7 / doctorate
                                  :mod (z8 / overseas)))
              :ARG1 (z9 / have-03
                        :ARG0 (z10 / doctorate
                                   :mod (z11 / overseas)
                                   :quant (z12 / some))
                        :ARG1 (z13 / level
                                   :ARG1-of (z14 / high-02
                                                 :degree (z15 / very)))))
    :snt2 (z16 / have-03
               :ARG0 (z17 / doctorate
                          :mod (z18 / overseas)
                          :quant (z19 / some))
               :ARG1 (z20 / level
                          :ARG1-of (z21 / high-02
                                        :degree (z22 / very))))
    :snt3 (z23 / sign-01
               :ARG1 (z24 / candidacy)
               :location (z25 / overseas)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ cause-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ have-03(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z3) ∧ teach-01(z4) ∧ :location(z4, z5) ∧ university(z5) ∧ :quant(z3, z6) ∧ some(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z7) ∧ doctorate(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ overseas(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z9) ∧ have-03(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ doctorate(z10) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ overseas(z11) ∧ :quant(z10, z12) ∧ some(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z13) ∧ level(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ high-02(z14) ∧ :degree(z14, z15) ∧ very(z15) ∧ :snt2(z0, z16) ∧ have-03(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ doctorate(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ overseas(z18) ∧ :quant(z17, z19) ∧ some(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z20) ∧ level(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ high-02(z21) ∧ :degree(z21, z22) ∧ very(z22) ∧ :snt3(z0, z23) ∧ sign-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ candidacy(z24) ∧ :location(z23, z25) ∧ overseas(z25)


The first bicycle in the world was invented in 1847. Bicycles disappeared only a short time after the emergence of bicycles and did not reappear until 1860. why did this happen? A new technology will be accepted only when it is consistent with the concept of social values. So there must have been some change in social values between 1817 and 1860.

Question: Which of the following options is the cause of the defect in the above reasoning?

Choices:
- Ignoring the possibility that bicycles will be accepted again.
- This paper puts forward a question which has little to do with the conclusion of the argument.
- The mistaken belief that the bicycle reappeared in 1860 shows that it has been re-accepted.
- It is assumed that it has been truly accepted without giving a reasonable explanation.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / invent-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / bicycle
                        :ord (z3 / ordinal-entity
                                 :value 1)
                        :location (z4 / world))
              :time (z5 / date-entity
                        :year 1847))
    :snt2 (z6 / and
              :op1 (z7 / disappear-01
                       :ARG1 (z8 / bicycle)
                       :time (z9 / after
                                 :op1 (z10 / emerge-02
                                           :ARG0 z8)
                                 :quant (z11 / time
                                             :ARG1-of (z12 / short-07
                                                           :mod (z13 / only)))))
              :op2 (z14 / reappear-01
                        :polarity -
                        :ARG1 z8
                        :time (z15 / until
                                   :op1 (z16 / date-entity
                                             :year 1860))))
    :snt3 (z17 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z18 / amr-unknown)
               :ARG1 (z19 / this))
    :snt4 (z20 / accept-01
               :ARG1 (z21 / technology
                          :ARG1-of (z22 / new-01))
               :condition (z23 / consistent-01
                               :ARG1 z21
                               :ARG2 (z24 / concept
                                          :mod (z25 / value
                                                    :mod (z26 / society))))
               :mod (z27 / only))
    :snt5 (z28 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z29 / change-01
                          :ARG1 (z30 / value
                                     :mod (z31 / society))
                          :quant (z32 / some)
                          :time (z33 / between
                                     :op1 (z34 / date-entity
                                               :year 1817)
                                     :op2 (z35 / date-entity
                                               :year 1860))))
    :snt6 (z36 / be-temporally-at-91
               :ARG1 (z37 / invent-01
                          :ARG1 (z38 / bicycle
                                     :ord (z39 / ordinal-entity
                                               :value 1)
                                     :location (z40 / world))
                          :time (z41 / date-entity
                                     :year 1847))
               :ARG2 (z42 / after
                          :op1 (z43 / emerge-02
                                    :ARG0 (z44 / bicycle))
                          :quant (z45 / time
                                      :ARG1-of (z46 / short-07
                                                    :mod (z47 / only)))))
    :snt7 (z48 / age-01
               :ARG2 (z49 / temporal-quantity
                          :quant 1
                          :unit (z50 / year))
               :time (z51 / after
                          :op1 (z52 / emerge-02
                                    :ARG0 (z53 / bicycle))))
    :snt8 (z54 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z55 / change-01
                          :ARG1 (z56 / value
                                     :mod (z57 / society))
                          :quant (z58 / some)
                          :time (z59 / between
                                     :op1 (z60 / date-entity
                                               :year 1817)
                                     :op2 (z61 / date-entity
                                               :year 1860)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ invent-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ bicycle(z2) ∧ :ord(z2, z3) ∧ ordinal-entity(z3) ∧ :value(z3, 1) ∧ :location(z2, z4) ∧ world(z4) ∧ :time(z1, z5) ∧ date-entity(z5) ∧ :year(z5, 1847) ∧ :snt2(z0, z6) ∧ and(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, z7) ∧ disappear-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ bicycle(z8) ∧ :time(z7, z9) ∧ after(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ emerge-02(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z8) ∧ :quant(z9, z11) ∧ time(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ short-07(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ only(z13) ∧ ¬(:op2(z6, z14) ∧ reappear-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z8) ∧ :time(z14, z15) ∧ until(z15) ∧ :op1(z15, z16) ∧ date-entity(z16) ∧ :year(z16, 1860)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z17) ∧ cause-01(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z18) ∧ amr-unknown(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z19) ∧ this(z19) ∧ :snt4(z0, z20) ∧ :condition(z20, z23) ∧ consistent-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z21) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z24) ∧ concept(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ value(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ society(z26) ∧ accept-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ technology(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z21) ∧ new-01(z22) ∧ :mod(z20, z27) ∧ only(z27) ∧ :snt5(z0, z28) ∧ infer-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ change-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ value(z30) ∧ :mod(z30, z31) ∧ society(z31) ∧ :quant(z29, z32) ∧ some(z32) ∧ :time(z29, z33) ∧ between(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, z34) ∧ date-entity(z34) ∧ :year(z34, 1817) ∧ :op2(z33, z35) ∧ date-entity(z35) ∧ :year(z35, 1860) ∧ :snt6(z0, z36) ∧ be-temporally-at-91(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ invent-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ bicycle(z38) ∧ :ord(z38, z39) ∧ ordinal-entity(z39) ∧ :value(z39, 1) ∧ :location(z38, z40) ∧ world(z40) ∧ :time(z37, z41) ∧ date-entity(z41) ∧ :year(z41, 1847) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z42) ∧ after(z42) ∧ :op1(z42, z43) ∧ emerge-02(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z44) ∧ bicycle(z44) ∧ :quant(z42, z45) ∧ time(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z45) ∧ short-07(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ only(z47) ∧ :snt7(z0, z48) ∧ age-01(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z49) ∧ temporal-quantity(z49) ∧ :quant(z49, 1) ∧ :unit(z49, z50) ∧ year(z50) ∧ :time(z48, z51) ∧ after(z51) ∧ :op1(z51, z52) ∧ emerge-02(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ bicycle(z53) ∧ :snt8(z0, z54) ∧ infer-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ change-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ value(z56) ∧ :mod(z56, z57) ∧ society(z57) ∧ :quant(z55, z58) ∧ some(z58) ∧ :time(z55, z59) ∧ between(z59) ∧ :op1(z59, z60) ∧ date-entity(z60) ∧ :year(z60, 1817) ∧ :op2(z59, z61) ∧ date-entity(z61) ∧ :year(z61, 1860)


The term boundary problem refers to various short-sighted behaviors of employees due to the short employment relationship in modern enterprises, and the harm caused by such behaviors to the enterprise

Question: Which of the followings belongs to the term boundary problem

Choices:
- Because he will retire in one year, Lao Zhao feels unable and his work efficiency is getting worse and worse
- Because he was not familiar with the business, Xiao Li, who had just come a month, lost a big customer and the company lost a lot
- Because he felt that it was impossible to become a regular worker,Xiao Wang worked hard every day to show himself
- Because he only signed a contract for half a year, Xiao Sun ignored the use of working machinery and equipment

(z0 / refer-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / term-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / problem
                        :topic (z3 / boundary)))
    :ARG1 (z4 / and
              :op1 (z5 / behave-01
                       :ARG0 (z6 / person
                                 :ARG1-of (z7 / employ-01))
                       :ARG1 (z8 / various)
                       :ARG1-of (z9 / cause-01
                                    :ARG0 (z10 / relation-03
                                               :ARG1 (z11 / employ-01
                                                          :ARG1-of (z12 / short-07))
                                               :location (z13 / enterprise
                                                              :ARG1-of (z14 / modern-02))))
                       :mod (z15 / sight
                                 :ARG1-of (z16 / short-07)))
              :op2 (z17 / harm-01
                        :ARG0 z5
                        :ARG1 z13
                        :ARG1-of (z18 / cause-01
                                      :ARG0 z5))
              :op3 (z19 / harm-01
                        :ARG0 z5
                        :ARG1 z13
                        :ARG1-of (z20 / cause-01
                                      :ARG0 z5)))
    :ARG2 (z21 / behave-01
               :ARG0 (z22 / person
                          :ARG1-of (z23 / employ-01))
               :ARG1 (z24 / various)
               :mod (z25 / sight
                         :ARG1-of (z26 / short-07)))
    :ARG1-of (z27 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z28 / relation-03
                             :ARG1 (z29 / employ-01
                                        :ARG1-of (z30 / short-07))
                             :location z13))
    :ARG1-of (z31 / mean-01
                  :ARG2 (z32 / mean-01
                             :ARG2 (z33 / problem
                                        :topic (z34 / boundary)))))


Fresh fish tastes delicious and nutritious, but the fish has less fat and more water, which is not easy to preserve and easy to decay. Once dehydrated and dead, it is very easy to be affected by bacteria and decompose rapidly to produce trimethylamine and piperidine. Trimethylamine is a gas and is easily soluble in water; Piperidine is liquid and stinks of ammonia. So many people think of fishy smell when they mention fish. There is a kind of oily fish in Italian food, which has a strong smell after fermentation, but many people like it. It is used to mix salad sauce and make pasta sauce. It is often seen that it should be a distant relative of fish sauce, the seasoning of ancient Greece and Rome.

Question: Which of the following options is correct according to the above materials?

Choices:
- Italians like oily fish with a strong smell
- How does fish smell
- Different people have different cultural identities to the smell of fish
- Many people are sensitive to the smell of fish

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / taste-02
              :ARG1 (z2 / fish
                        :ARG1-of (z3 / fresh-04))
              :ARG2 (z4 / and
                        :op1 (z5 / delicious)
                        :op2 (z6 / nutritious))
              :concession-of (z7 / have-03
                                 :ARG0 z2
                                 :ARG1 (z8 / and
                                           :op1 (z9 / fat
                                                    :ARG1-of (z10 / have-quant-91
                                                                  :ARG3 (z11 / less)))
                                           :op2 (z12 / water
                                                     :ARG1-of (z13 / have-quant-91
                                                                   :ARG3 (z14 / more)))
                                           :ARG1-of (z15 / preserve-01
                                                         :ARG1-of (z16 / easy-05
                                                                       :polarity -))
                                           :ARG1-of (z17 / decay-01
                                                         :ARG1-of z16))))
    :snt2 (z18 / easy-05
               :ARG1 (z19 / and
                          :op1 (z20 / affect-01
                                    :ARG0 (z21 / bacterium)
                                    :ARG1 (z22 / it))
                          :op2 (z23 / decompose-01
                                    :ARG1 z22
                                    :manner (z24 / rapid)
                                    :purpose (z25 / produce-01
                                                  :ARG0 z22
                                                  :ARG1 (z26 / and
                                                             :op1 (z27 / trimethylamine)
                                                             :op2 (z28 / piperidine)))))
               :degree (z29 / very)
               :time (z30 / once
                          :op1 (z31 / and
                                    :op1 (z32 / dehydrate-01
                                              :ARG1 z22)
                                    :op2 (z33 / die-01
                                              :ARG1 z22))))
    :snt3 (z34 / and
               :op1 (z35 / gas
                         :domain (z36 / trimethylamine))
               :op2 (z37 / soluble
                         :location (z38 / water)
                         :ARG1-of (z39 / easy-05))
               :op3 (z40 / liquid
                         :domain (z41 / piperidine))
               :op4 (z42 / stink-01
                         :ARG1 z41
                         :ARG2 (z43 / ammonia)))
    :snt4 (z44 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z45 / fish
                          :mod (z46 / kind)
                          :location (z47 / food
                                         :mod (z48 / country
                                                   :wiki "Italy"
                                                   :name (z49 / name
                                                              :op1 "Italy")))
                          :ARG0-of (z50 / have-03
                                        :ARG1 (z51 / smell-02
                                                   :ARG1 z45
                                                   :ARG1-of (z52 / strong-02)
                                                   :time (z53 / after
                                                              :op1 (z54 / ferment-01
                                                                        :ARG1 z45)))))
               :ARG2 (z55 / like-01
                          :ARG0 (z56 / person
                                     :quant (z57 / many))
                          :ARG1 z45))
    :snt5 (z58 / see-01
               :ARG1 (z59 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z60 / related-04
                                     :ARG1 (z61 / it)
                                     :ARG2 (z1000 / sauce
                                                  :mod (z1001 / fish)
                                                  :ARG1-of (z1002 / resemble-01
                                                                  :ARG2 (z1003 / season-01
                                                                               :ARG0 (z1004 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z1005 / country
                                                                                :wiki "Greece"
                                                                                :name (z1006 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Greece"))
                                                                                :op2 (z1007 / city
                                                                                :wiki "Rome"
                                                                                :name (z1008 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Rome"))
                                                                                :time (z1009 / ancient)))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z1010 / distant-02)))
               :frequency (z1011 / often))
    :snt6 (z1012 / think-01
                 :ARG0 (z1013 / person
                              :ARG1-of (z1014 / have-quant-91
                                              :ARG2 (z1015 / many)
                                              :ARG3 (z1016 / so)))
                 :ARG1 (z1017 / smell-02
                              :ARG1 (z1018 / fish)
                              :ARG2 (z1019 / fish))
                 :time (z1020 / mention-01
                              :ARG0 z1013
                              :ARG1 (z1021 / fish)))
    :snt7 (z1022 / use-01
                 :ARG1 (z1023 / it)
                 :ARG2 (z62 / and
                            :op1 (z63 / mix-01
                                      :ARG1 (z64 / sauce
                                                 :mod (z65 / salad))
                                      :op2 (z66 / make-01
                                                :ARG1 (z67 / sauce
                                                           :mod (z68 / pasta))))))
    :snt8 (z69 / use-01
               :ARG1 (z70 / it)
               :ARG2 (z71 / and
                          :op1 (z72 / mix-01
                                    :ARG1 z70
                                    :ARG2 (z73 / sauce
                                               :mod (z74 / salad)))
                          :op2 (z75 / make-01
                                    :ARG1 (z76 / sauce
                                               :mod (z77 / pasta)))))
    :snt9 (z78 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z79 / fish
                          :mod (z80 / oily)
                          :location (z81 / food
                                         :mod (z82 / country
                                                   :wiki "Italy"
                                                   :name (z83 / name
                                                              :op1 "Italy"))))
               :ARG2 (z84 / like-01
                          :ARG0 (z85 / person
                                     :quant (z86 / many))
                          :ARG1 (z87 / fish
                                     :mod (z88 / kind))))
    :snt10 (z89 / have-concession-91
                :ARG1 (z90 / fish
                           :mod (z91 / oily)
                           :location (z92 / food
                                          :mod (z93 / country
                                                    :wiki "Italy"
                                                    :name (z94 / name
                                                               :op1 "Italy"))))
                :ARG2 (z95 / like-01
                           :ARG0 (z96 / person
                                      :quant (z97 / many))))
    :snt11 (z98 / and
                :op1 (z99 / gas
                          :domain (z100 / trimethylamine))
                :op2 (z101 / soluble
                           :domain (z102 / trimethylamine))
                :ARG1-of (z103 / easy-05))
    :prep-in (z104 / water))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ taste-02(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ fish(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z2) ∧ fresh-04(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ and(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, z5) ∧ delicious(z5) ∧ :op2(z4, z6) ∧ nutritious(z6) ∧ :concession(z7, z1) ∧ have-03(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ and(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ fat(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ have-quant-91(z10) ∧ :ARG3(z10, z11) ∧ less(z11) ∧ :op2(z8, z12) ∧ water(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z12) ∧ have-quant-91(z13) ∧ :ARG3(z13, z14) ∧ more(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z8) ∧ preserve-01(z15) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ easy-05(z16)) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z8) ∧ decay-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ :snt2(z0, z18) ∧ easy-05(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ and(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ affect-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ bacterium(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z22) ∧ it(z22) ∧ :op2(z19, z23) ∧ decompose-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ :manner(z23, z24) ∧ rapid(z24) ∧ :purpose(z23, z25) ∧ produce-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z22) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ and(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ trimethylamine(z27) ∧ :op2(z26, z28) ∧ piperidine(z28) ∧ :degree(z18, z29) ∧ very(z29) ∧ :time(z18, z30) ∧ once(z30) ∧ :op1(z30, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ dehydrate-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z22) ∧ :op2(z31, z33) ∧ die-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z22) ∧ :snt3(z0, z34) ∧ and(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, z35) ∧ gas(z35) ∧ :domain(z35, z36) ∧ trimethylamine(z36) ∧ :op2(z34, z37) ∧ soluble(z37) ∧ :location(z37, z38) ∧ water(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z37) ∧ easy-05(z39) ∧ :op3(z34, z40) ∧ liquid(z40) ∧ :domain(z40, z41) ∧ piperidine(z41) ∧ :op4(z34, z42) ∧ stink-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z43) ∧ ammonia(z43) ∧ :snt4(z0, z44) ∧ contrast-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ fish(z45) ∧ :mod(z45, z46) ∧ kind(z46) ∧ :location(z45, z47) ∧ food(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z48) ∧ country(z48) ∧ :wiki(z48, "Italy") ∧ :name(z48, z49) ∧ name(z49) ∧ :op1(z49, "Italy") ∧ :ARG0(z50, z45) ∧ have-03(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ smell-02(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z45) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z51) ∧ strong-02(z52) ∧ :time(z51, z53) ∧ after(z53) ∧ :op1(z53, z54) ∧ ferment-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z45) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z55) ∧ like-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ person(z56) ∧ :quant(z56, z57) ∧ many(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z45) ∧ :snt5(z0, z58) ∧ see-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ recommend-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ related-04(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ it(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z1000) ∧ sauce(z1000) ∧ :mod(z1000, z1001) ∧ fish(z1001) ∧ :ARG1(z1002, z1000) ∧ resemble-01(z1002) ∧ :ARG2(z1002, z1003) ∧ season-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG0(z1003, z1004) ∧ and(z1004) ∧ :op1(z1004, z1005) ∧ country(z1005) ∧ :wiki(z1005, "Greece") ∧ :name(z1005, z1006) ∧ name(z1006) ∧ :op1(z1006, "Greece") ∧ :op2(z1004, z1007) ∧ city(z1007) ∧ :wiki(z1007, "Rome") ∧ :name(z1007, z1008) ∧ name(z1008) ∧ :op1(z1008, "Rome") ∧ :time(z1004, z1009) ∧ ancient(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1010, z60) ∧ distant-02(z1010) ∧ :frequency(z58, z1011) ∧ often(z1011) ∧ :snt6(z0, z1012) ∧ think-01(z1012) ∧ :ARG0(z1012, z1013) ∧ person(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1013) ∧ have-quant-91(z1014) ∧ :ARG2(z1014, z1015) ∧ many(z1015) ∧ :ARG3(z1014, z1016) ∧ so(z1016) ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1017) ∧ smell-02(z1017) ∧ :ARG1(z1017, z1018) ∧ fish(z1018) ∧ :ARG2(z1017, z1019) ∧ fish(z1019) ∧ :time(z1012, z1020) ∧ mention-01(z1020) ∧ :ARG0(z1020, z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1020, z1021) ∧ fish(z1021) ∧ :snt7(z0, z1022) ∧ use-01(z1022) ∧ :ARG1(z1022, z1023) ∧ it(z1023) ∧ :ARG2(z1022, z62) ∧ and(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, z63) ∧ mix-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ sauce(z64) ∧ :mod(z64, z65) ∧ salad(z65) ∧ :op2(z63, z66) ∧ make-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ sauce(z67) ∧ :mod(z67, z68) ∧ pasta(z68) ∧ :snt8(z0, z69) ∧ use-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ it(z70) ∧ :ARG2(z69, z71) ∧ and(z71) ∧ :op1(z71, z72) ∧ mix-01(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z70) ∧ :ARG2(z72, z73) ∧ sauce(z73) ∧ :mod(z73, z74) ∧ salad(z74) ∧ :op2(z71, z75) ∧ make-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ sauce(z76) ∧ :mod(z76, z77) ∧ pasta(z77) ∧ :snt9(z0, z78) ∧ contrast-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ fish(z79) ∧ :mod(z79, z80) ∧ oily(z80) ∧ :location(z79, z81) ∧ food(z81) ∧ :mod(z81, z82) ∧ country(z82) ∧ :wiki(z82, "Italy") ∧ :name(z82, z83) ∧ name(z83) ∧ :op1(z83, "Italy") ∧ :ARG2(z78, z84) ∧ like-01(z84) ∧ :ARG0(z84, z85) ∧ person(z85) ∧ :quant(z85, z86) ∧ many(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z87) ∧ fish(z87) ∧ :mod(z87, z88) ∧ kind(z88) ∧ :snt10(z0, z89) ∧ have-concession-91(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ fish(z90) ∧ :mod(z90, z91) ∧ oily(z91) ∧ :location(z90, z92) ∧ food(z92) ∧ :mod(z92, z93) ∧ country(z93) ∧ :wiki(z93, "Italy") ∧ :name(z93, z94) ∧ name(z94) ∧ :op1(z94, "Italy") ∧ :ARG2(z89, z95) ∧ like-01(z95) ∧ :ARG0(z95, z96) ∧ person(z96) ∧ :quant(z96, z97) ∧ many(z97) ∧ :snt11(z0, z98) ∧ and(z98) ∧ :op1(z98, z99) ∧ gas(z99) ∧ :domain(z99, z100) ∧ trimethylamine(z100) ∧ :op2(z98, z101) ∧ soluble(z101) ∧ :domain(z101, z102) ∧ trimethylamine(z102) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z98) ∧ easy-05(z103) ∧ :prep-in(z0, z104) ∧ water(z104)


On average, people who are educated today spend significantly less time reading than those who were educated 50 years ago, yet the number of books sold per day is much higher today than it was 50 years ago.

Question: Each of the following statements helps to explain the above phenomenon, except?

Choices:
- The number of educated people today is vastly higher than there were 50 years ago.
- People 50 years ago preferred to borrow books from libraries than they do now.
- Compared to now, people 50 years ago preferred to show their good education and taste through a large collection of books.
- Books today tend to be thinner and easier to read than they were 50 years ago.

(z0 / contrast-01
    :ARG1 (z1 / spend-02
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG1-of (z3 / educate-01
                                     :time (z4 / today)))
              :ARG1 (z5 / time
                        :ARG1-of (z6 / have-quant-91
                                     :ARG3 (z7 / less
                                               :ARG1-of (z8 / significant-02))
                                     :ARG4 (z9 / person
                                               :ARG1-of (z10 / educate-01
                                                             :time (z11 / before
                                                                        :op1 z4
                                                                        :quant (z12 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 50
                                                                                :unit (z13 / year)))))))
              :ARG2 (z14 / read-01
                         :ARG0 z2)
              :ARG1-of (z15 / average-04)
              :ARG1-of (z16 / have-quant-91
                            :ARG3 (z17 / less)
                            :ARG4 (z18 / person
                                       :ARG1-of (z19 / educate-01
                                                     :time z11))))
    :ARG2 (z20 / have-degree-91
               :ARG1 (z21 / number
                          :quant-of (z22 / book
                                         :ARG1-of (z23 / sell-01
                                                       :frequency (z24 / rate-entity-91
                                                                       :ARG2 (z25 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z26 / day))))))
               :ARG2 (z27 / high-02
                          :ARG1 z21)
               :ARG3 (z28 / more
                          :quant (z29 / much))
               :ARG4 (z30 / number
                          :quant-of z22
                          :time z11)
               :time (z31 / today)
               :ARG1-of (z32 / contrast-01
                             :ARG2 (z33 / have-degree-91
                                        :ARG1 z21
                                        :ARG2 (z34 / high-02
                                                   :ARG1 z21
                                                   :time z11)
                                        :ARG3 (z35 / more
                                                   :quant (z36 / much))
                                        :ARG4 z30
                                        :time z11))))

contrast-01(z0) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1) ∧ spend-02(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z2) ∧ educate-01(z3) ∧ :time(z3, z4) ∧ today(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ time(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z5) ∧ have-quant-91(z6) ∧ :ARG3(z6, z7) ∧ less(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ significant-02(z8) ∧ :ARG4(z6, z9) ∧ person(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ educate-01(z10) ∧ :time(z10, z11) ∧ before(z11) ∧ :op1(z11, z4) ∧ :quant(z11, z12) ∧ temporal-quantity(z12) ∧ :quant(z12, 50) ∧ :unit(z12, z13) ∧ year(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z14) ∧ read-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z1) ∧ average-04(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z1) ∧ have-quant-91(z16) ∧ :ARG3(z16, z17) ∧ less(z17) ∧ :ARG4(z16, z18) ∧ person(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z18) ∧ educate-01(z19) ∧ :time(z19, z11) ∧ :ARG2(z0, z20) ∧ have-degree-91(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ number(z21) ∧ :quant(z22, z21) ∧ book(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ sell-01(z23) ∧ :frequency(z23, z24) ∧ rate-entity-91(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ temporal-quantity(z25) ∧ :quant(z25, 1) ∧ :unit(z25, z26) ∧ day(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z27) ∧ high-02(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z21) ∧ :ARG3(z20, z28) ∧ more(z28) ∧ :quant(z28, z29) ∧ much(z29) ∧ :ARG4(z20, z30) ∧ number(z30) ∧ :quant(z22, z30) ∧ :time(z30, z11) ∧ :time(z20, z31) ∧ today(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z20) ∧ contrast-01(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ have-degree-91(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z21) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ high-02(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z21) ∧ :time(z34, z11) ∧ :ARG3(z33, z35) ∧ more(z35) ∧ :quant(z35, z36) ∧ much(z36) ∧ :ARG4(z33, z30) ∧ :time(z33, z11)


Although wood-burning stoves are more efficient than open fireplaces, they are also more dangerous. The smoke that wood-burning stoves release up the chimney is cooler than the smoke from an open flame. Thus it travels more slowly and deposits more creosote, a flammable substance that can clog a chimney -- or worse ignite inside it.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Choices:
- Open fireplaces pose more risk of severe accidents inside the home than do woodburning stoves.
- Open fireplaces also produce a large amount of creosote residue.
- The amount of creosote produced depends not only on the type of flame but on how often the stove or fireplace is used.
- The most efficient wood-burning stoves produce less creosote than do many open fireplaces.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / endanger-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / stove
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / burn-01
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / wood)))
              :mod (z5 / also)
              :concession (z6 / efficient-01
                              :ARG1 z2
                              :ARG2-of (z7 / have-degree-91
                                           :ARG1 z2
                                           :ARG3 (z8 / more)
                                           :ARG4 (z9 / fireplace
                                                     :ARG1-of (z10 / open-01))))
              :ARG2-of (z11 / have-degree-91
                            :ARG1 z2
                            :ARG3 (z12 / more)))
    :snt2 (z13 / have-degree-91
               :ARG1 (z14 / smoke
                          :ARG1-of (z15 / release-01
                                        :ARG0 (z16 / stove
                                                   :ARG0-of (z17 / burn-01
                                                                 :ARG1 (z18 / wood)))
                                        :direction (z19 / up
                                                        :op1 (z20 / chimney))))
               :ARG2 (z21 / cool-01
                          :ARG1 z14)
               :ARG3 (z22 / more)
               :ARG4 (z23 / smoke
                          :source (z24 / flame
                                       :ARG1-of (z25 / open-01))))
    :snt3 (z26 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z27 / and
                          :op1 (z28 / travel-01
                                    :ARG0 (z29 / it)
                                    :ARG1-of (z30 / have-degree-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z31 / slow-05
                                                             :ARG1 z28)
                                                  :ARG3 (z32 / more)))
                          :op2 (z33 / deposit-01
                                    :ARG0 z29
                                    :ARG1 (z34 / creosote
                                               :ARG1-of (z35 / have-quant-91
                                                             :ARG3 (z36 / more))
                                               :domain (z37 / substance
                                                            :ARG1-of (z38 / flammable-02)
                                                            :ARG1-of (z39 / possible-01
                                                                          :ARG2 (z40 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z41 / clog-02
                                                                                :ARG0 z37
                                                                                :ARG1 z20)
                                                                                :op2 (z42 / ignite-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z37
                                                                                :location (z43 / inside
                                                                                :op1 z20)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z44 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z45 / bad-04
                                                                                :ARG1 z42)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z46 / more))))))))))
    :snt4 (z47 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z48 / it)
               :direction (z49 / out)
               :ARG1-of (z50 / slow-05
                             :ARG2-of (z51 / have-degree-91
                                           :ARG1 z47
                                           :ARG3 (z52 / more))))
    :snt5 (z53 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z54 / and
                          :op1 (z55 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 (z56 / it)
                                    :ARG1-of (z57 / have-degree-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z58 / slow-05
                                                             :ARG1 z56)
                                                  :ARG3 (z59 / more)))
                          :op2 (z60 / deposit-01
                                    :ARG0 z56
                                    :ARG1 (z61 / creosote
                                               :ARG1-of (z62 / have-quant-91
                                                             :ARG3 (z63 / more))
                                               :domain (z64 / substance
                                                            :ARG1-of (z65 / flammable-02)
                                                            :ARG0-of (z66 / clog-01
                                                                          :ARG1 (z67 / chimney)
                                                                          :ARG1-of (z68 / possible-01)))))))
    :snt6 (z69 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z70 / stack-01
                          :ARG1 (z71 / wood)
                          :ARG1-of (z72 / open-01))
               :direction (z73 / back)))


Chemical deposition refers to the process of precipitation and accumulation of substances transported in the form of colloid solution and true solution in water medium after they reach the appropriate place when chemical conditions change. Among them, colloid solution refers to the solution containing a certain size of solid particles or polymer compounds, real solution refers to a higher transparency of aqueous solution.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is not chemical deposition?

Choices:
- Dry early climate area, the lake water rarely leakage, evaporation effect makes the lake sodium chloride increase, accumulation, become salt water lake
- As the green clay minerals in seawater flow with water, they combine with colloids containing aluminum and iron to form glauconite
- When the seawater rich in phosphorus rises to the shallow sea area, due to the decrease of pressure and the increase of temperature, the phosphorous is precipitated and deposited and the ore collision is formed
- The bones of creatures in the lake, they absorb carbon dioxide from the air to form calcium carbonate, and when the concentration of calcium carbonate reaches a certain level, it accumulates on the sea floor, forming limestone

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / deposit-01
                        :mod (z3 / chemical))
              :ARG2 (z4 / process-02
                        :ARG1 (z5 / and
                                  :op1 (z6 / precipitate-02
                                           :ARG1 (z7 / substance
                                                     :ARG1-of (z8 / transport-01
                                                                  :manner (z9 / form
                                                                              :mod (z10 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z11 / solution
                                                                                :mod (z12 / colloid))
                                                                                :op2 (z13 / solution
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z14 / true-01)
                                                                                :location (z15 / medium
                                                                                :mod (z16 / water)))))
                                                                  :time (z17 / after
                                                                             :op1 (z18 / reach-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z7
                                                                                :ARG1 (z19 / place
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z20 / appropriate-02))
                                                                                :time (z21 / change-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z22 / condition
                                                                                :mod (z23 / chemical)))))))
                                           :op2 (z24 / accumulate-01
                                                     :ARG1 z7))))
              :snt2 (z25 / refer-01
                         :ARG1 (z26 / and
                                    :op1 (z27 / solve-01
                                              :ARG1-of (z28 / mean-01
                                                            :ARG2 (z29 / contain-01
                                                                       :ARG0 z27
                                                                       :ARG1 (z30 / size
                                                                                :mod (z31 / certain)
                                                                                :poss (z32 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z33 / particle
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z34 / solid-02))
                                                                                :op2 (z35 / compound
                                                                                :mod (z36 / polymer)))))))
                                    :op2 (z37 / solve-01
                                              :ARG1-of (z38 / real-04)
                                              :ARG1-of (z39 / mean-01
                                                            :ARG2 (z40 / transparency
                                                                       :poss (z41 / solution
                                                                                :mod (z42 / aqueous))
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z43 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z44 / high-02
                                                                                :ARG1 z40)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z45 / more))))))
                         :ARG2 (z46 / they))
              :snt3 (z47 / refer-01
                         :ARG1 (z48 / solve-01
                                    :ARG2 (z49 / colloid))
                         :ARG2 (z50 / solution
                                    :ARG0-of (z51 / contain-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z52 / size
                                                             :mod (z53 / certain)
                                                             :poss (z54 / or
                                                                        :op1 (z55 / particle
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z56 / solid-02))
                                                                        :op2 (z57 / compound
                                                                                :mod (z58 / polymer))))))
                         :snt6 (z59 / refer-01
                                    :ARG1 (z60 / solution
                                               :ARG1-of (z61 / real-04))
                                    :ARG2 (z62 / transparency
                                               :ARG1-of (z63 / have-degree-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z64 / high-02
                                                                        :ARG1 z62)
                                                             :ARG3 (z65 / more))))
                         :snt7 (z66 / refer-01
                                    :ARG1 (z67 / deposit-01
                                               :ARG1 (z68 / chemical))
                                    :ARG2 (z69 / process-02
                                               :ARG1 (z70 / and
                                                          :op1 (z71 / precipitate-02)
                                                          :op2 (z72 / accumulate-01
                                                                    :ARG1 (z73 / substance))
                                                          :ARG1-of (z74 / transport-01
                                                                        :manner (z75 / form
                                                                                :mod (z76 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z77 / solution
                                                                                :mod (z78 / colloid))
                                                                                :op2 (z79 / solution
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z80 / true-01)
                                                                                :location (z81 / medium
                                                                                :mod (z82 / water)))))))
                                               :time (z83 / after
                                                          :op1 (z84 / reach-01
                                                                    :ARG0 z73
                                                                    :ARG1 (z85 / place
                                                                               :ARG1-of (z86 / appropriate-02))
                                                                    :time (z87 / change-01
                                                                               :ARG1 (z88 / condition
                                                                                :mod (z89 / chemical))))))))
              :op1 (z91 / tie-up-05
                        :ARG1 (z92 / and
                                   :op1 (z93 / precipitate-02)
                                   :op2 (z94 / accumulate-01
                                             :ARG1 (z95 / substance))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ deposit-01(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ chemical(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z4) ∧ process-02(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ and(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, z6) ∧ precipitate-02(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ substance(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ transport-01(z8) ∧ :manner(z8, z9) ∧ form(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ and(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, z11) ∧ solution(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ colloid(z12) ∧ :op2(z10, z13) ∧ solution(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ true-01(z14) ∧ :location(z13, z15) ∧ medium(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ water(z16) ∧ :time(z8, z17) ∧ after(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, z18) ∧ reach-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ place(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ appropriate-02(z20) ∧ :time(z18, z21) ∧ change-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ condition(z22) ∧ :mod(z22, z23) ∧ chemical(z23) ∧ :op2(z6, z24) ∧ accumulate-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z7) ∧ :snt2(z1, z25) ∧ refer-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ and(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ solve-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ mean-01(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ contain-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z27) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ size(z30) ∧ :mod(z30, z31) ∧ certain(z31) ∧ :poss(z30, z32) ∧ or(z32) ∧ :op1(z32, z33) ∧ particle(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z33) ∧ solid-02(z34) ∧ :op2(z32, z35) ∧ compound(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ polymer(z36) ∧ :op2(z26, z37) ∧ solve-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ real-04(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z37) ∧ mean-01(z39) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z40) ∧ transparency(z40) ∧ :poss(z40, z41) ∧ solution(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ aqueous(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z40) ∧ have-degree-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ high-02(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z40) ∧ :ARG3(z43, z45) ∧ more(z45) ∧ :ARG2(z25, z46) ∧ they(z46) ∧ :snt3(z1, z47) ∧ refer-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ solve-01(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z49) ∧ colloid(z49) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z50) ∧ solution(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z50) ∧ contain-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z52) ∧ size(z52) ∧ :mod(z52, z53) ∧ certain(z53) ∧ :poss(z52, z54) ∧ or(z54) ∧ :op1(z54, z55) ∧ particle(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z55) ∧ solid-02(z56) ∧ :op2(z54, z57) ∧ compound(z57) ∧ :mod(z57, z58) ∧ polymer(z58) ∧ :snt6(z47, z59) ∧ refer-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ solution(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z60) ∧ real-04(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z59, z62) ∧ transparency(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z62) ∧ have-degree-91(z63) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z64) ∧ high-02(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z62) ∧ :ARG3(z63, z65) ∧ more(z65) ∧ :snt7(z47, z66) ∧ refer-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ deposit-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ chemical(z68) ∧ :ARG2(z66, z69) ∧ process-02(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ and(z70) ∧ :op1(z70, z71) ∧ precipitate-02(z71) ∧ :op2(z70, z72) ∧ accumulate-01(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ substance(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z70) ∧ transport-01(z74) ∧ :manner(z74, z75) ∧ form(z75) ∧ :mod(z75, z76) ∧ and(z76) ∧ :op1(z76, z77) ∧ solution(z77) ∧ :mod(z77, z78) ∧ colloid(z78) ∧ :op2(z76, z79) ∧ solution(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z79) ∧ true-01(z80) ∧ :location(z79, z81) ∧ medium(z81) ∧ :mod(z81, z82) ∧ water(z82) ∧ :time(z69, z83) ∧ after(z83) ∧ :op1(z83, z84) ∧ reach-01(z84) ∧ :ARG0(z84, z73) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ place(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z85) ∧ appropriate-02(z86) ∧ :time(z84, z87) ∧ change-01(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ condition(z88) ∧ :mod(z88, z89) ∧ chemical(z89) ∧ :op1(z1, z91) ∧ tie-up-05(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ and(z92) ∧ :op1(z92, z93) ∧ precipitate-02(z93) ∧ :op2(z92, z94) ∧ accumulate-01(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z95) ∧ substance(z95)