If an official from the government environmental protection department wants to speak at this non-governmental environmental protection seminar, he must be a member of a non-governmental environmental protection organization. However, the meeting stipulated that as a member of a non-governmental environmental protection organization, he is not allowed to be both an official of the government environmental protection department and a speaker at this non-governmental environmental protection seminar.

Question: If the above assertion is true, which of the followings is also true?

Choices:
- Among the speakers at this seminar, there are no officials from the government's environmental protection department.
- Only members of non-governmental environmental organizations can speak at this seminar
- Except for officials from the government's environmental protection department, no one spoke at this seminar
- Among the speakers at this seminar, there are no members of non-governmental environmental protection organizations.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-condition-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / obligate-01
                        :ARG2 (z3 / have-org-role-91
                                  :ARG0 (z16 / govern-01)
                                  :ARG1 (z4 / organization
                                            :ARG0-of (z5 / protect-01
                                                         :ARG1 (z6 / environment))
                                            :mod (z7 / government-organization
                                                     :polarity -
                                                     :ARG0-of (z8 / govern-01)))
                                  :ARG2 (z9 / member)))
              :ARG2 (z10 / want-01
                         :ARG0 (z11 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z12 / have-org-role-91
                                                  :ARG1 (z13 / government-organization
                                                             :wiki -
                                                             :name (z14 / name
                                                                        :op1 "Environmental"
                                                                        :op2 "Protection"
                                                                        :op3 "Department")
                                                             :mod (z15 / government-organization
                                                                       :ARG0-of z16))
                                                  :ARG2 (z17 / official)))
                         :ARG1 (z18 / speak-01
                                    :ARG0 z11
                                    :location (z19 / seminar
                                                   :topic z5
                                                   :mod (z20 / government-organization
                                                             :polarity -
                                                             :ARG0-of (z21 / govern-01))
                                                   :mod (z22 / this)))))
    :snt2 (z23 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z24 / stipulate-01
                          :ARG0 (z25 / meet-03)
                          :ARG1 (z26 / allow-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z27 / and
                                                :op1 (z28 / have-org-role-91
                                                          :ARG0 (z29 / he)
                                                          :ARG1 z13
                                                          :ARG2 (z30 / official))
                                                :op2 (z31 / speak-01
                                                          :ARG0 z29
                                                          :location z19))
                                     :ARG1-of (z32 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z33 / have-org-role-91
                                                              :ARG0 z29
                                                              :ARG1 z4
                                                              :ARG2 (z34 / member)))
                                     :ARG1-of (z35 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z36 / have-org-role-91
                                                              :ARG0 z29
                                                              :ARG1 z4
                                                              :ARG2 (z37 / member))))))
    :snt3 (z38 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z39 / allow-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z40 / come-02
                                     :ARG1 (z41 / and
                                                :op1 (z42 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z43 / have-org-role-91
                                                                        :ARG1 (z44 / government-organization
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z45 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Environmental"
                                                                                :op2 "Protection"
                                                                                :op3 "Department")
                                                                                :mod (z46 / government-organization
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z47 / govern-01
                                                                                :polarity -)))
                                                                        :ARG2 (z48 / official)))
                                                :op2 (z49 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z50 / speak-01)))
                                     :ARG2 (z51 / seminar
                                                :topic (z52 / protect-01
                                                            :ARG1 (z53 / environment))
                                                :mod (z54 / this)
                                                :mod (z55 / government-organization
                                                          :polarity -
                                                          :ARG0-of (z56 / govern-01))))))
    :snt2 (z57 / want-01
               :ARG0 (z58 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z59 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG1 (z60 / government-organization
                                                   :wiki -
                                                   :name (z61 / name
                                                              :op1 "Environmental"
                                                              :op2 "Protection"
                                                              :op3 "Department")
                                                   :mod (z62 / government-organization
                                                             :ARG0-of (z63 / govern-01)))
                                        :ARG2 (z64 / official)))
               :ARG1 (z65 / attend-01
                          :ARG0 z58
                          :ARG1 (z66 / seminar
                                     :topic (z67 / protect-01
                                                 :ARG1 (z68 / environment))
                                     :mod (z69 / this))))
    :snt3 (z70 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z71 / stipulate-01
                          :ARG0 (z72 / meet-03)
                          :ARG1 (z73 / allow-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z74 / and
                                                :op1 (z75 / have-org-role-91
                                                          :ARG0 (z76 / he)
                                                          :ARG1 (z77 / organization
                                                                     :ARG0-of (z78 / protect-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z79 / environment))
                                                                     :mod (z80 / government-organization
                                                                               :polarity -
                                                                               :ARG0-of (z81 / govern-01))
                                                                     :ARG2 (z82 / member))
                                                          :op2 (z83 / speak-01
                                                                    :ARG0 z76
                                                                    :ARG2 z66))))))
    :ARG1 (z85 / break-heart-31)
    :ARG4 (z86 / attend-01
               :ARG0 (z87 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z88 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z89 / official)))
               :ARG1 (z90 / seminar
                          :topic (z91 / protect-01
                                      :ARG1 (z92 / environment)
                                      :mod (z93 / this)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-condition-91(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ obligate-01(z2) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z3) ∧ have-org-role-91(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z16) ∧ govern-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ organization(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z4) ∧ protect-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ environment(z6) ∧ ¬(:mod(z4, z7) ∧ government-organization(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z7) ∧ govern-01(z8)) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z9) ∧ member(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z10) ∧ want-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ person(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z11) ∧ have-org-role-91(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ government-organization(z13) ∧ :wiki(z13, -) ∧ :name(z13, z14) ∧ name(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, "Environmental") ∧ :op2(z14, "Protection") ∧ :op3(z14, "Department") ∧ :mod(z13, z15) ∧ government-organization(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z15) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z17) ∧ official(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z18) ∧ speak-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z11) ∧ :location(z18, z19) ∧ seminar(z19) ∧ :topic(z19, z5) ∧ ¬(:mod(z19, z20) ∧ government-organization(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z20) ∧ govern-01(z21)) ∧ :mod(z19, z22) ∧ this(z22) ∧ :snt2(z0, z23) ∧ have-concession-91(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z24) ∧ stipulate-01(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z25) ∧ meet-03(z25) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z24, z26) ∧ allow-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ have-org-role-91(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ he(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z13) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z30) ∧ official(z30) ∧ :op2(z27, z31) ∧ speak-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z29) ∧ :location(z31, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z26) ∧ cause-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ have-org-role-91(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z4) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ member(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z26) ∧ cause-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z36) ∧ have-org-role-91(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z4) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z37) ∧ member(z37)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z38) ∧ have-concession-91(z38) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z38, z39) ∧ allow-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ come-02(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ and(z41) ∧ :op1(z41, z42) ∧ person(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z43, z42) ∧ have-org-role-91(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ government-organization(z44) ∧ :wiki(z44, -) ∧ :name(z44, z45) ∧ name(z45) ∧ :op1(z45, "Environmental") ∧ :op2(z45, "Protection") ∧ :op3(z45, "Department") ∧ :mod(z44, z46) ∧ government-organization(z46) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z47, z46) ∧ govern-01(z47)) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z48) ∧ official(z48) ∧ :op2(z41, z49) ∧ person(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z49) ∧ speak-01(z50) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z51) ∧ seminar(z51) ∧ :topic(z51, z52) ∧ protect-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ environment(z53) ∧ :mod(z51, z54) ∧ this(z54) ∧ ¬(:mod(z51, z55) ∧ government-organization(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z55) ∧ govern-01(z56))) ∧ :snt2(z0, z57) ∧ want-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z58) ∧ person(z58) ∧ :ARG0(z59, z58) ∧ have-org-role-91(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ government-organization(z60) ∧ :wiki(z60, -) ∧ :name(z60, z61) ∧ name(z61) ∧ :op1(z61, "Environmental") ∧ :op2(z61, "Protection") ∧ :op3(z61, "Department") ∧ :mod(z60, z62) ∧ government-organization(z62) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z62) ∧ govern-01(z63) ∧ :ARG2(z59, z64) ∧ official(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z65) ∧ attend-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z58) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ seminar(z66) ∧ :topic(z66, z67) ∧ protect-01(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z68) ∧ environment(z68) ∧ :mod(z66, z69) ∧ this(z69) ∧ :snt3(z0, z70) ∧ have-concession-91(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ stipulate-01(z71) ∧ :ARG0(z71, z72) ∧ meet-03(z72) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z71, z73) ∧ allow-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ and(z74) ∧ :op1(z74, z75) ∧ have-org-role-91(z75) ∧ :ARG0(z75, z76) ∧ he(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z77) ∧ organization(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z78, z77) ∧ protect-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ environment(z79) ∧ ¬(:mod(z77, z80) ∧ government-organization(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z80) ∧ govern-01(z81)) ∧ :ARG2(z77, z82) ∧ member(z82) ∧ :op2(z75, z83) ∧ speak-01(z83) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z76) ∧ :ARG2(z83, z66)) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z85) ∧ break-heart-31(z85) ∧ :ARG4(z0, z86) ∧ attend-01(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z87) ∧ person(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z88, z87) ∧ have-org-role-91(z88) ∧ :ARG2(z88, z89) ∧ official(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z90) ∧ seminar(z90) ∧ :topic(z90, z91) ∧ protect-01(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ environment(z92) ∧ :mod(z91, z93) ∧ this(z93)


Personal company refers to a company based on the personal credit of its shareholders; joint-investment company refers to a company whose assets are formed by the respective capital contributions of the company's shareholders as the basis for its credit; a joint-personal joint venture is a company with both of the above properties,credit basis.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following companies is Personal company?

Choices:
- The registered capital of a company is the sum of the share capital paid by all shareholders.
- All the shares of a company are 100% held by the independent founder of the company, and the company employs a number of experienced professional managers in charge of different businesses.
- A company's capital chain was broken due to poor management. When filing for bankruptcy, the entire registered capital was counted, and the shareholders' personal property was not affected
- The assets of a company are mortgaged with all the personal property of the shareholders

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / company
                        :ARG1-of (z3 / base-02
                                     :ARG2 (z4 / credit
                                               :ARG1-of (z5 / personal-02
                                                            :ARG2 z2))))
              :ARG2 (z6 / company
                        :ARG1-of (z7 / base-02
                                     :ARG2 (z8 / credit
                                               :ARG1-of z5))))
    :snt2 (z9 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z10 / company
                         :ARG0-of (z11 / invest-01
                                       :manner (z12 / joint)))
              :ARG2 (z13 / company
                         :poss-of (z14 / asset
                                       :ARG1-of (z15 / form-01
                                                     :ARG0 (z16 / contribute-01
                                                                :ARG0 (z17 / person
                                                                           :ARG0-of (z18 / hold-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z19 / share
                                                                                :poss z10)))
                                                                :mod (z20 / capital)
                                                                :ARG0-of (z21 / base-02
                                                                              :ARG1 (z22 / credit
                                                                                :poss z13))
                                                                :mod (z23 / respective)))))
              :snt3 (z24 / mean-01
                         :ARG1 (z25 / venture
                                    :mod (z26 / joint)
                                    :mod (z27 / personal-02)
                                    :mod (z28 / joint))
                         :ARG2 (z29 / company
                                    :ARG0-of (z30 / have-03
                                                  :ARG1 (z31 / and
                                                             :op1 (z32 / property
                                                                       :mod (z33 / above))
                                                             :op2 (z34 / property
                                                                       :mod (z35 / both)))
                                                  :ARG1-of (z36 / base-02
                                                                :ARG2 (z37 / credit-01)))))
              :snt4 (z38 / go-01
                         :ARG2 (z39 / temporal-quantity
                                    :quant 1
                                    :unit (z40 / year))
                         :direction (z41 / out)
                         :ARG1-of (z42 / cause-01
                                       :ARG0 (z43 / tie-up-05))))
    :ARG0-of (z45 / have-03
                  :ARG1 (z46 / property
                             :mod (z47 / above))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ company(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z2) ∧ base-02(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z4) ∧ credit(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ personal-02(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z6) ∧ company(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ base-02(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z8) ∧ credit(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ refer-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ company(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z10) ∧ invest-01(z11) ∧ :manner(z11, z12) ∧ joint(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z13) ∧ company(z13) ∧ :poss(z14, z13) ∧ asset(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ form-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ contribute-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ hold-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ share(z19) ∧ :poss(z19, z10) ∧ :mod(z16, z20) ∧ capital(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z16) ∧ base-02(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ credit(z22) ∧ :poss(z22, z13) ∧ :mod(z16, z23) ∧ respective(z23) ∧ :snt3(z9, z24) ∧ mean-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ venture(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ joint(z26) ∧ :mod(z25, z27) ∧ personal-02(z27) ∧ :mod(z25, z28) ∧ joint(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z29) ∧ company(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z29) ∧ have-03(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ property(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ above(z33) ∧ :op2(z31, z34) ∧ property(z34) ∧ :mod(z34, z35) ∧ both(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z30) ∧ base-02(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z37) ∧ credit-01(z37) ∧ :snt4(z9, z38) ∧ go-01(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z39) ∧ temporal-quantity(z39) ∧ :quant(z39, 1) ∧ :unit(z39, z40) ∧ year(z40) ∧ :direction(z38, z41) ∧ out(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z38) ∧ cause-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ tie-up-05(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z0) ∧ have-03(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ property(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ above(z47)


People who listen to certain recordings of music are in danger of being unduly influenced by spoken messages that have been recorded backwards on the records or tapes.

Question: A consequence of the view above is that

Choices:
- backwards messages can be added to a recording while still preserving all the musical qualities of the recorded performance
- the recordings on which such messages appear are chosen for this purpose either because they are especially popular or because they induce a trancelike state
- when people listen to recorded music, they pay full attention to the music as it plays
- if such messages must be comprehended to exert influence, then people must be able to comprehend spoken messages recorded backwards

(z0 / endanger-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / listen-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / listen-01
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / thing
                                               :ARG1-of (z5 / record-01
                                                            :ARG2 (z6 / music))
                                               :mod (z7 / certain))))
              :ARG1 (z8 / influence-01
                        :ARG0 (z9 / message-01
                                  :ARG1-of (z10 / speak-01)
                                  :ARG1-of (z11 / record-01
                                                :manner (z12 / backwards)
                                                :location (z13 / or
                                                               :op1 (z14 / record)
                                                               :op2 (z15 / tape)))
                                  :ARG1-of (z16 / jog-01
                                                :direction (z17 / backwards)))
                        :ARG1 z2
                        :degree (z18 / due-01
                                     :polarity -)))
    :ARG1 (z19 / person
               :ARG0-of (z20 / listen-01
                             :ARG1 z4))
    :ARG1-of (z21 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z22 / influence-01
                             :ARG0 (z23 / message-01
                                        :ARG1-of (z24 / speak-01)
                                        :ARG1-of (z25 / record-01
                                                      :medium (z26 / or
                                                                   :op1 (z27 / record)
                                                                   :op2 (z28 / tape))))
                             :ARG1 z19
                             :degree (z29 / undue))))

endanger-01(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ listen-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ listen-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ thing(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ record-01(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z6) ∧ music(z6) ∧ :mod(z4, z7) ∧ certain(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z8) ∧ influence-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ message-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ speak-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z9) ∧ record-01(z11) ∧ :manner(z11, z12) ∧ backwards(z12) ∧ :location(z11, z13) ∧ or(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, z14) ∧ record(z14) ∧ :op2(z13, z15) ∧ tape(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z9) ∧ jog-01(z16) ∧ :direction(z16, z17) ∧ backwards(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z2) ∧ ¬(:degree(z8, z18) ∧ due-01(z18)) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z19) ∧ person(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z19) ∧ listen-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z0) ∧ cause-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ influence-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ message-01(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z23) ∧ speak-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z23) ∧ record-01(z25) ∧ :medium(z25, z26) ∧ or(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ record(z27) ∧ :op2(z26, z28) ∧ tape(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z19) ∧ :degree(z22, z29) ∧ undue(z29)


In some ill-considered popularizations of interesting current research, it is argued that higher apes have the capacity for language but have never put it to use -- a remarkable biological miracle, given the enormous selectional advantage of even minimal linguistic skills. It is rather like claiming that some animal has wings adequate for flight but has never thought to fly.

Question: Which one of the following is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?

Choices:
- Arguing that the human brain has telekinetic powers that no humans have ever exercised is rather like arguing that some insect has legs but never uses them to walk.
- Arguing that Earth has been visited by aliens from outer space is rather like claiming that early explorers had visited North America but never founded cities.
- Claiming that some people raised tobacco but did not smoke it is rather like claiming that a society that knew how to brew alcohol never drank it.
- Arguing that there are some humans who never sleep is rather like discovering a species of lion that does not eat meat.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / argue-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / contrast-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / capable-01
                                  :ARG1 (z4 / ape
                                            :ARG1-of (z5 / have-degree-91
                                                         :ARG2 (z6 / high-02
                                                                   :ARG1 z4)
                                                         :ARG3 (z7 / more)))
                                  :ARG2 (z8 / language))
                        :ARG2 (z9 / use-01
                                  :polarity -
                                  :ARG0 z4
                                  :ARG1 z3
                                  :time (z10 / ever))
                        :mod (z11 / miracle
                                  :mod (z12 / biology)
                                  :ARG1-of (z13 / remarkable-02)
                                  :ARG1-of (z14 / cause-01
                                                :ARG0 (z15 / advantage-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z16 / skill
                                                                      :topic (z17 / language)
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z18 / minimal-02
                                                                                :mod (z19 / even)))
                                                           :ARG2 (z20 / select-01)
                                                           :mod (z21 / enormous)))))
              :location (z22 / popularize-01
                             :ARG1 (z23 / research-01
                                        :time (z24 / current)
                                        :ARG0-of (z25 / interest-01))
                             :quant (z26 / some)
                             :ARG1-of (z27 / consider-02
                                           :ARG1-of (z28 / ill-02))))
    :snt2 (z29 / resemble-01
               :ARG1 (z30 / claim-01
                          :ARG1 (z31 / have-03
                                     :ARG0 (z32 / animal
                                                :mod (z33 / some))
                                     :ARG1 (z34 / wing
                                                :ARG1-of (z35 / adequate-02
                                                              :ARG2 (z36 / fly-01)))
                                     :ARG1-of (z37 / contrast-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z38 / think-01
                                                              :polarity -
                                                              :ARG0 z32
                                                              :ARG1 z36
                                                              :time (z39 / ever)))))
               :ARG2 (z40 / resemble-01
                          :ARG2 (z41 / claim-01
                                     :ARG1 (z42 / fly-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG0 (z43 / animal
                                                           :mod (z44 / some))))
                          :mod (z45 / rather)))
    :snt3 (z46 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z47 / go-01
                          :ARG1 (z48 / thread)
                          :direction (z49 / out))
               :ARG2 (z50 / think-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 z48
                          :ARG1 z47
                          :time (z51 / ever)))
    :snt4 (z52 / argue-01
               :ARG1 (z53 / capable-01
                          :ARG1 (z54 / ape
                                     :ARG1-of (z55 / have-degree-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z56 / high-02
                                                              :ARG1 z54)
                                                   :ARG3 (z57 / more)))
                          :ARG2 (z58 / language)))
    :snt5 (z59 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z60 / advantage-01
                          :ARG1 (z61 / skill
                                     :topic (z62 / language)
                                     :ARG1-of (z63 / minimal-02
                                                   :mod (z64 / even)))
                          :ARG2 (z65 / select-01)
                          :mod (z66 / enormous))
               :ARG1 (z67 / remarkable-02
                          :ARG1 z53))
    :snt6 (z68 / argue-01
               :ARG1 (z69 / capable-01
                          :ARG1 (z70 / ape
                                     :ARG1-of (z71 / have-degree-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z72 / high-02
                                                              :ARG1 z70)
                                                   :ARG3 (z73 / more)))
                          :ARG2 (z74 / use-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 z70
                                     :ARG1 z74)))
    :snt7 (z75 / resemble-01
               :ARG1 (z76 / claim-01
                          :ARG1 (z77 / have-03
                                     :ARG0 (z78 / animal
                                                :mod (z79 / some))
                                     :ARG1 (z80 / wing
                                                :ARG1-of (z81 / suffice-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z82 / fly-01)))))
               :snt8 (z83 / resemble-01
                          :ARG1 (z84 / claim-01
                                     :ARG1 (z85 / have-03
                                                :ARG0 (z86 / animal
                                                           :mod (z87 / some))
                                                :ARG1 (z88 / wing
                                                           :ARG1-of (z89 / suffice-01
                                                                         :ARG0 (z90 / fly-01))))))
               :snt9 (z91 / resemble-01
                          :ARG1 (z92 / claim-01
                                     :ARG1 (z93 / have-03
                                                :ARG0 (z94 / animal
                                                           :mod (z95 / some))
                                                :ARG1 (z96 / wing
                                                           :ARG1-of (z97 / suffice-01
                                                                         :ARG0 (z98 / fly-01)))))
                          :snt10 (z99 / resemble-01
                                      :ARG2 (z100 / claim-01
                                                  :ARG1 (z101 / have-03
                                                              :ARG0 (z102 / animal
                                                                          :mod (z103 / some))
                                                              :ARG1 (z104 / wing
                                                                          :ARG1-of (z1000 / adequate
                                                                                :purpose (z1001 / fly-01)))))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ argue-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ contrast-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ capable-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ ape(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ have-degree-91(z5) ∧ :ARG2(z5, z6) ∧ high-02(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z4) ∧ :ARG3(z5, z7) ∧ more(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z8) ∧ language(z8) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z2, z9) ∧ use-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z3) ∧ :time(z9, z10) ∧ ever(z10)) ∧ :mod(z2, z11) ∧ miracle(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ biology(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z11) ∧ remarkable-02(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z11) ∧ cause-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z15) ∧ advantage-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ skill(z16) ∧ :topic(z16, z17) ∧ language(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z16) ∧ minimal-02(z18) ∧ :mod(z18, z19) ∧ even(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z20) ∧ select-01(z20) ∧ :mod(z15, z21) ∧ enormous(z21) ∧ :location(z1, z22) ∧ popularize-01(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ research-01(z23) ∧ :time(z23, z24) ∧ current(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z23) ∧ interest-01(z25) ∧ :quant(z22, z26) ∧ some(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z22) ∧ consider-02(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ ill-02(z28) ∧ :snt2(z0, z29) ∧ resemble-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ claim-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ have-03(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ animal(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ some(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z34) ∧ wing(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z34) ∧ adequate-02(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z36) ∧ fly-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z31) ∧ contrast-01(z37) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z37, z38) ∧ think-01(z38) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z32) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z36) ∧ :time(z38, z39) ∧ ever(z39)) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z40) ∧ resemble-01(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z41) ∧ claim-01(z41) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ fly-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ animal(z43) ∧ :mod(z43, z44) ∧ some(z44)) ∧ :mod(z40, z45) ∧ rather(z45) ∧ :snt3(z0, z46) ∧ have-concession-91(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ go-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ thread(z48) ∧ :direction(z47, z49) ∧ out(z49) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z46, z50) ∧ think-01(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z48) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z47) ∧ :time(z50, z51) ∧ ever(z51)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z52) ∧ argue-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ capable-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ ape(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z54) ∧ have-degree-91(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z56) ∧ high-02(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z54) ∧ :ARG3(z55, z57) ∧ more(z57) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z58) ∧ language(z58) ∧ :snt5(z0, z59) ∧ cause-01(z59) ∧ :ARG0(z59, z60) ∧ advantage-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ skill(z61) ∧ :topic(z61, z62) ∧ language(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z61) ∧ minimal-02(z63) ∧ :mod(z63, z64) ∧ even(z64) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z65) ∧ select-01(z65) ∧ :mod(z60, z66) ∧ enormous(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z67) ∧ remarkable-02(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z53) ∧ :snt6(z0, z68) ∧ argue-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ capable-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ ape(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z70) ∧ have-degree-91(z71) ∧ :ARG2(z71, z72) ∧ high-02(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z70) ∧ :ARG3(z71, z73) ∧ more(z73) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z69, z74) ∧ use-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z70) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z74)) ∧ :snt7(z0, z75) ∧ resemble-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ claim-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ have-03(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z77, z78) ∧ animal(z78) ∧ :mod(z78, z79) ∧ some(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z80) ∧ wing(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z80) ∧ suffice-01(z81) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z82) ∧ fly-01(z82) ∧ :snt8(z75, z83) ∧ resemble-01(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z84) ∧ claim-01(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ have-03(z85) ∧ :ARG0(z85, z86) ∧ animal(z86) ∧ :mod(z86, z87) ∧ some(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z88) ∧ wing(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z88) ∧ suffice-01(z89) ∧ :ARG0(z89, z90) ∧ fly-01(z90) ∧ :snt9(z75, z91) ∧ resemble-01(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ claim-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ have-03(z93) ∧ :ARG0(z93, z94) ∧ animal(z94) ∧ :mod(z94, z95) ∧ some(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z96) ∧ wing(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z96) ∧ suffice-01(z97) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z98) ∧ fly-01(z98) ∧ :snt10(z91, z99) ∧ resemble-01(z99) ∧ :ARG2(z99, z100) ∧ claim-01(z100) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z101) ∧ have-03(z101) ∧ :ARG0(z101, z102) ∧ animal(z102) ∧ :mod(z102, z103) ∧ some(z103) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z104) ∧ wing(z104) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z104) ∧ adequate(z1000) ∧ :purpose(z1000, z1001) ∧ fly-01(z1001)


Although nondairy coffee lighteners made with coconut oil contain 2 grams of saturated fat per tablespoon, or 7 times more than does whole milk, those lighteners usually contain no cholesterol. Yet one tablespoon of such lighteners causes the consumer' s blood cholesterol to rise to a higher level than does an identical amount of whole milk, which contains 2 milligrams of cholesterol per tablespoon.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, contributes most to an explanation of the apparent discrepancy noted above?

Choices:
- One gram of saturated fat in food has roughly the same effect on blood cholesterol as 25 milligrams of cholesterol in food.
- Light cream, a dairy product that contains 5 times more cholesterol than does whole milk, is often chosen as a lightener by consumers who normally prefer whole milk.
- Certain nondairy coffee lighteners made without coconut oil contain less saturated fat and less cholesterol than does whole milk.
- Nutritionists recommend that adults consume as little saturated fat as possible and no more than 250 milligrams of cholesterol a day.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-concession-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / contain-01
                        :polarity -
                        :ARG0 (z3 / lightener
                                  :mod (z4 / coffee
                                           :mod (z5 / dairy
                                                    :polarity -))
                                  :ARG1-of (z6 / make-01
                                               :ARG2 (z7 / oil
                                                         :mod (z8 / coconut))))
                        :ARG1 (z9 / cholesterol)
                        :mod (z10 / usual))
              :ARG2 (z11 / contain-01
                         :ARG0 (z12 / lightener
                                    :mod (z13 / coffee)
                                    :ARG1-of (z14 / make-01
                                                  :ARG2 (z15 / oil
                                                             :mod (z16 / coconut))))
                         :ARG1 (z17 / fat
                                    :ARG1-of (z18 / saturate-01)
                                    :ARG1-of (z19 / rate-entity-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z20 / tablespoon))
                                    :ARG1-of (z21 / have-quant-91
                                                  :ARG3 (z22 / times
                                                             :quant (z23 / or
                                                                         :op1 2
                                                                         :op2 7))
                                                  :ARG4 (z24 / milk
                                                             :mod (z25 / whole)
                                                             :ARG0-of (z26 / contain-01
                                                                           :ARG1 z17)))))
              :snt2 (z27 / have-concession-91
                         :ARG1 (z28 / cause-01
                                    :ARG0 (z29 / lightener
                                               :quant (z30 / rate-entity-91
                                                           :ARG1 1
                                                           :ARG2 (z31 / one))
                                               :mod (z32 / such))
                                    :ARG1 (z33 / rise-01
                                               :ARG0 z29
                                               :ARG1 (z34 / cholesterol
                                                          :mod (z35 / blood)
                                                          :poss (z36 / person
                                                                     :ARG0-of (z37 / consume-01)))
                                               :ARG4 (z38 / level
                                                          :ARG1-of (z39 / have-degree-91
                                                                        :ARG2 (z40 / high-02)
                                                                        :ARG3 (z41 / more)
                                                                        :ARG4 (z42 / milk
                                                                                :mod (z43 / whole)
                                                                                :quant (z44 / amount
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z45 / identical-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z46 / milk
                                                                                :mod (z47 / whole)
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z48 / contain-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z49 / cholesterol
                                                                                :quant (z50 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z51 / mass-quantity
                                                                                :quant 2
                                                                                :unit (z52 / milligram))
                                                                                :ARG2 z20))))))))))))
              :snt3 (z53 / have-concession-91
                         :ARG1 (z54 / cause-01
                                    :ARG0 (z55 / lightener
                                               :quant 1
                                               :mod (z56 / such))
                                    :ARG1 (z57 / rise-01
                                               :ARG1 (z58 / cholesterol
                                                          :mod (z59 / blood)
                                                          :poss z36)
                                               :ARG4 (z60 / level
                                                          :ARG1-of (z61 / have-degree-91
                                                                        :ARG2 (z62 / high-02)
                                                                        :ARG3 (z63 / more)
                                                                        :ARG4 (z64 / milk
                                                                                :mod (z65 / whole)
                                                                                :quant (z66 / amount
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z67 / identical-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z40)
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z68 / contain-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z69 / cholesterol
                                                                                :quant (z70 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z71 / cholesterol
                                                                                :quant (z72 / mass-quantity
                                                                                :quant 2
                                                                                :unit (z73 / milligram)))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z74 / tablespoon)))))))))))
              :snt2 (z75 / have-concession-91
                         :ARG1 (z76 / contain-01
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG0 (z77 / lighten-01
                                               :mod (z78 / coffee)
                                               :ARG1-of (z79 / make-01
                                                             :ARG2 (z80 / oil
                                                                        :mod (z81 / coconut))))
                                    :ARG1 (z82 / cholesterol)))
              :ARG2 (z83 / contain-01
                         :ARG0 (z84 / lighten-01
                                    :mod (z85 / coffee)
                                    :ARG1-of (z86 / make-01
                                                  :ARG2 (z87 / oil
                                                             :mod (z88 / coconut)))
                                    :ARG1 (z89 / fat
                                               :ARG1-of (z90 / saturate-01)
                                               :ARG1-of (z91 / rate-entity-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z92 / rate-entity-91
                                                                        :ARG3 (z93 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z94 / mass-quantity
                                                                                :quant 2
                                                                                :unit (z95 / gram))
                                                                                :op2 (z96 / more-than
                                                                                :op1 (z97 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z98 / milk
                                                                                :mod (z99 / whole))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z100 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG3 (z101 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z102 / hour))))))))
                                               :ARG1-of (z103 / have-quant-91
                                                              :ARG3 (z104 / times
                                                                          :quant (z105 / more-than
                                                                                :op1 (z106 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1000 / milk
                                                                                :mod (z1001 / whole)
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1002 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1003 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z1004 / hour))))))))))))
    :ARG1 (z1006 / contain-01
                 :polarity -
                 :ARG0 (z1007 / lighten-01
                              :mod (z1008 / coffee)
                              :ARG1 (z1009 / cholesterol)))
    :time (z1010 / usual))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-concession-91(z1) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ contain-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ lightener(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ coffee(z4) ∧ ¬(:mod(z4, z5) ∧ dairy(z5)) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z3) ∧ make-01(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z7) ∧ oil(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ coconut(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z9) ∧ cholesterol(z9) ∧ :mod(z2, z10) ∧ usual(z10)) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z11) ∧ contain-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z12) ∧ lightener(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ coffee(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z12) ∧ make-01(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ oil(z15) ∧ :mod(z15, z16) ∧ coconut(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z17) ∧ fat(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z17) ∧ saturate-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z17) ∧ rate-entity-91(z19) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z20) ∧ tablespoon(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z17) ∧ have-quant-91(z21) ∧ :ARG3(z21, z22) ∧ times(z22) ∧ :quant(z22, z23) ∧ or(z23) ∧ :op1(z23, 2) ∧ :op2(z23, 7) ∧ :ARG4(z21, z24) ∧ milk(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ whole(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z24) ∧ contain-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z17) ∧ :snt2(z1, z27) ∧ have-concession-91(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ cause-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ lightener(z29) ∧ :quant(z29, z30) ∧ rate-entity-91(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z31) ∧ one(z31) ∧ :mod(z29, z32) ∧ such(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z33) ∧ rise-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ cholesterol(z34) ∧ :mod(z34, z35) ∧ blood(z35) ∧ :poss(z34, z36) ∧ person(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z36) ∧ consume-01(z37) ∧ :ARG4(z33, z38) ∧ level(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z38) ∧ have-degree-91(z39) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z40) ∧ high-02(z40) ∧ :ARG3(z39, z41) ∧ more(z41) ∧ :ARG4(z39, z42) ∧ milk(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ whole(z43) ∧ :quant(z42, z44) ∧ amount(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z44) ∧ identical-01(z45) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z46) ∧ milk(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ whole(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z46) ∧ contain-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ cholesterol(z49) ∧ :quant(z49, z50) ∧ rate-entity-91(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ mass-quantity(z51) ∧ :quant(z51, 2) ∧ :unit(z51, z52) ∧ milligram(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z50, z20) ∧ :snt3(z1, z53) ∧ have-concession-91(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ cause-01(z54) ∧ :ARG0(z54, z55) ∧ lightener(z55) ∧ :quant(z55, 1) ∧ :mod(z55, z56) ∧ such(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z57) ∧ rise-01(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ cholesterol(z58) ∧ :mod(z58, z59) ∧ blood(z59) ∧ :poss(z58, z36) ∧ :ARG4(z57, z60) ∧ level(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z60) ∧ have-degree-91(z61) ∧ :ARG2(z61, z62) ∧ high-02(z62) ∧ :ARG3(z61, z63) ∧ more(z63) ∧ :ARG4(z61, z64) ∧ milk(z64) ∧ :mod(z64, z65) ∧ whole(z65) ∧ :quant(z64, z66) ∧ amount(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z66) ∧ identical-01(z67) ∧ :ARG2(z67, z40) ∧ :ARG0(z68, z66) ∧ contain-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ cholesterol(z69) ∧ :quant(z69, z70) ∧ rate-entity-91(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ cholesterol(z71) ∧ :quant(z71, z72) ∧ mass-quantity(z72) ∧ :quant(z72, 2) ∧ :unit(z72, z73) ∧ milligram(z73) ∧ :ARG2(z70, z74) ∧ tablespoon(z74) ∧ :snt2(z1, z75) ∧ have-concession-91(z75) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ contain-01(z76) ∧ :ARG0(z76, z77) ∧ lighten-01(z77) ∧ :mod(z77, z78) ∧ coffee(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z77) ∧ make-01(z79) ∧ :ARG2(z79, z80) ∧ oil(z80) ∧ :mod(z80, z81) ∧ coconut(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z82) ∧ cholesterol(z82)) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z83) ∧ contain-01(z83) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z84) ∧ lighten-01(z84) ∧ :mod(z84, z85) ∧ coffee(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z84) ∧ make-01(z86) ∧ :ARG2(z86, z87) ∧ oil(z87) ∧ :mod(z87, z88) ∧ coconut(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z89) ∧ fat(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z89) ∧ saturate-01(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z89) ∧ rate-entity-91(z91) ∧ :ARG2(z91, z92) ∧ rate-entity-91(z92) ∧ :ARG3(z92, z93) ∧ or(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, z94) ∧ mass-quantity(z94) ∧ :quant(z94, 2) ∧ :unit(z94, z95) ∧ gram(z95) ∧ :op2(z93, z96) ∧ more-than(z96) ∧ :op1(z96, z97) ∧ rate-entity-91(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z98) ∧ milk(z98) ∧ :mod(z98, z99) ∧ whole(z99) ∧ :ARG2(z97, z100) ∧ rate-entity-91(z100) ∧ :ARG3(z100, z101) ∧ temporal-quantity(z101) ∧ :quant(z101, 1) ∧ :unit(z101, z102) ∧ hour(z102) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z89) ∧ have-quant-91(z103) ∧ :ARG3(z103, z104) ∧ times(z104) ∧ :quant(z104, z105) ∧ more-than(z105) ∧ :op1(z105, z106) ∧ rate-entity-91(z106) ∧ :ARG1(z106, z1000) ∧ milk(z1000) ∧ :mod(z1000, z1001) ∧ whole(z1001) ∧ :ARG2(z1000, z1002) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1002) ∧ :ARG3(z1002, z1003) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1003) ∧ :quant(z1003, 1) ∧ :unit(z1003, z1004) ∧ hour(z1004) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z0, z1006) ∧ contain-01(z1006) ∧ :ARG0(z1006, z1007) ∧ lighten-01(z1007) ∧ :mod(z1007, z1008) ∧ coffee(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1009) ∧ cholesterol(z1009)) ∧ :time(z0, z1010) ∧ usual(z1010)


The cafeteria of a certain elementary school provides a free lunch every day to the entire student body - a significant expense in the school' s annual budget. A vice principal was exploring cost-reducing measures that would not compromise nourishment. A local Italian restaurant offered the school a large number of pizzas at a vastly reduced bulk rate. The pizzas were served one day, and afterward, the vice principal calculated that the cost of the pizza and delivery was slightly more than the average cost of typical cafeteria lunch day. Ttherefore, he concluded that the school could not save money by replacing a day of cafeteria lunch with a day of pizza from this restaurant.

Question: Which of the following would be most useful for evaluating the conclusion drawn by the vice principal?

Choices:
- Whether other, more expensive dishes from that Italian restaurant, would provide a more balanced and varied set of nutrients.
- Whether another Italian restaurant in this town would provide a similar deal and offer free delivery.
- Whether pizza provides the same level of nutrition as a typical cafeteria lunch.
- How many pizzas were uneaten at the end of that day's lunch.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / provide-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / cafeteria
                        :poss (z3 / school
                                  :mod (z4 / elementary)
                                  :mod (z5 / certain)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / lunch
                        :ARG1-of (z7 / free-03))
              :ARG2 (z8 / body
                        :consist-of (z9 / person
                                        :ARG0-of (z10 / study-01))
                        :mod (z11 / entire))
              :frequency (z12 / rate-entity-91
                              :ARG3 (z13 / temporal-quantity
                                         :quant 1
                                         :unit (z14 / day)))
              :ARG1-of (z15 / expend-01
                            :ARG2 (z16 / budget
                                       :poss z3
                                       :frequency (z17 / rate-entity-91
                                                       :ARG3 (z18 / temporal-quantity
                                                                  :quant 1
                                                                  :unit (z19 / year))))
                            :ARG1-of (z20 / significant-02)))
    :snt2 (z21 / explore-01
               :ARG0 (z22 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z23 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z24 / principal
                                                   :mod (z25 / vice))))
               :ARG1 (z26 / measure-02
                          :ARG1 (z27 / reduce-01
                                     :ARG1 (z28 / cost-01))
                          :ARG0-of (z29 / compromise-02
                                        :polarity -
                                        :ARG1 (z30 / nourishment))))
    :snt3 (z31 / offer-01
               :ARG0 (z32 / restaurant
                          :mod (z33 / country
                                    :wiki "Italy"
                                    :name (z34 / name
                                               :op1 "Italy"))
                          :ARG1 (z35 / pizza
                                     :quant (z36 / number
                                                 :mod (z37 / large)))
                          :ARG2 (z38 / school)
                          :ARG3 (z39 / rate
                                     :mod (z40 / bulk)
                                     :ARG1-of (z41 / reduce-01
                                                   :degree (z42 / vast)))
                          :ARG1-of (z43 / local-02)))
    :snt4 (z44 / calculate-01
               :ARG0 (z45 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z46 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z47 / principal
                                                   :mod (z48 / vice))))
               :ARG1 (z49 / cost-01
                          :ARG1 (z50 / and
                                     :op1 (z51 / pizza)
                                     :op2 (z52 / deliver-01))
                          :ARG1-of (z53 / have-quant-91
                                        :ARG3 (z54 / more
                                                   :quant (z55 / slight))
                                        :ARG4 (z56 / monetary-quantity
                                                   :ARG2-of (z57 / average-01
                                                                 :ARG1 (z58 / cost-01
                                                                            :ARG1 (z59 / day
                                                                                :mod (z60 / lunch
                                                                                :mod (z61 / cafeteria))
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z62 / typical-02))))))
                          :time (z63 / afterward)))
    :snt5 (z64 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z65 / conclude-01
                          :ARG0 z45
                          :ARG1 (z66 / possible-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z67 / save-01
                                                :ARG0 (z68 / school)
                                                :ARG1 (z69 / money)
                                                :ARG3 (z70 / replace-01
                                                           :ARG0 z68
                                                           :ARG1 (z71 / lunch
                                                                      :mod (z72 / cafeteria)
                                                                      :duration (z73 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z74 / day)))
                                                           :ARG2 (z75 / pizza
                                                                      :source (z76 / restaurant
                                                                                :mod (z77 / this))))))))
    :snt6 (z78 / serve-02
               :ARG1 (z79 / pizza)
               :time (z80 / day
                          :mod (z81 / one)))
    :snt7 (z82 / serve-02
               :ARG1 (z83 / pizza)
               :time (z84 / afterward))
    :snt8 (z85 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z86 / conclude-01
                          :ARG0 (z87 / he)
                          :ARG1 (z88 / possible-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z89 / save-01
                                                :ARG0 (z90 / school)
                                                :ARG1 (z91 / money)
                                                :ARG3 (z92 / replace-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z93 / lunch
                                                                      :mod (z94 / cafeteria)
                                                                      :duration (z95 / day))
                                                           :ARG2 (z96 / pizza
                                                                      :source z76))))))
    :snt9 (z97 / offer-01
               :ARG0 (z98 / restaurant
                          :mod (z99 / country
                                    :wiki "Italy"
                                    :name (z1000 / name
                                                 :op1 "Italy")))
               :ARG1 (z1001 / pizza
                            :quant (z1002 / number
                                          :mod (z1003 / large)))
               :ARG3 (z1004 / school)
               :prep-at (z1005 / rate
                               :mod (z1006 / bulk)
                               :ARG1-of (z1007 / reduce-01
                                               :degree (z1008 / vast)))
               :prep-at (z1009 / rate
                               :mod (z1010 / bulk)
                               :ARG1-of (z100 / average-04)))
    :snt10 (z1011 / serve-01
                  :ARG1 (z1012 / pizza)
                  :time (z1013 / day
                               :mod (z1014 / one)))
    :snt11 (z1015 / serve-02
                  :ARG1 (z101 / pizza)
                  :time (z102 / day))
    :snt12 (z103 / one))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ provide-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ cafeteria(z2) ∧ :poss(z2, z3) ∧ school(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ elementary(z4) ∧ :mod(z3, z5) ∧ certain(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z6) ∧ lunch(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ free-03(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z8) ∧ body(z8) ∧ :consist(z9, z8) ∧ person(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z9) ∧ study-01(z10) ∧ :mod(z8, z11) ∧ entire(z11) ∧ :frequency(z1, z12) ∧ rate-entity-91(z12) ∧ :ARG3(z12, z13) ∧ temporal-quantity(z13) ∧ :quant(z13, 1) ∧ :unit(z13, z14) ∧ day(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z1) ∧ expend-01(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z16) ∧ budget(z16) ∧ :poss(z16, z3) ∧ :frequency(z16, z17) ∧ rate-entity-91(z17) ∧ :ARG3(z17, z18) ∧ temporal-quantity(z18) ∧ :quant(z18, 1) ∧ :unit(z18, z19) ∧ year(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z15) ∧ significant-02(z20) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ explore-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ person(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z22) ∧ have-org-role-91(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z24) ∧ principal(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ vice(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z26) ∧ measure-02(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ reduce-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ cost-01(z28) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z29, z26) ∧ compromise-02(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ nourishment(z30)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z31) ∧ offer-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ restaurant(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ country(z33) ∧ :wiki(z33, "Italy") ∧ :name(z33, z34) ∧ name(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, "Italy") ∧ :ARG1(z32, z35) ∧ pizza(z35) ∧ :quant(z35, z36) ∧ number(z36) ∧ :mod(z36, z37) ∧ large(z37) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z38) ∧ school(z38) ∧ :ARG3(z32, z39) ∧ rate(z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ bulk(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z39) ∧ reduce-01(z41) ∧ :degree(z41, z42) ∧ vast(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z32) ∧ local-02(z43) ∧ :snt4(z0, z44) ∧ calculate-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z45) ∧ person(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z45) ∧ have-org-role-91(z46) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z47) ∧ principal(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z48) ∧ vice(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z49) ∧ cost-01(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z50) ∧ and(z50) ∧ :op1(z50, z51) ∧ pizza(z51) ∧ :op2(z50, z52) ∧ deliver-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z49) ∧ have-quant-91(z53) ∧ :ARG3(z53, z54) ∧ more(z54) ∧ :quant(z54, z55) ∧ slight(z55) ∧ :ARG4(z53, z56) ∧ monetary-quantity(z56) ∧ :ARG2(z57, z56) ∧ average-01(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ cost-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ day(z59) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ lunch(z60) ∧ :mod(z60, z61) ∧ cafeteria(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z59) ∧ typical-02(z62) ∧ :time(z49, z63) ∧ afterward(z63) ∧ :snt5(z0, z64) ∧ cause-01(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ conclude-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z45) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z65, z66) ∧ possible-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ save-01(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z68) ∧ school(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z69) ∧ money(z69) ∧ :ARG3(z67, z70) ∧ replace-01(z70) ∧ :ARG0(z70, z68) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ lunch(z71) ∧ :mod(z71, z72) ∧ cafeteria(z72) ∧ :duration(z71, z73) ∧ temporal-quantity(z73) ∧ :quant(z73, 1) ∧ :unit(z73, z74) ∧ day(z74) ∧ :ARG2(z70, z75) ∧ pizza(z75) ∧ :source(z75, z76) ∧ restaurant(z76) ∧ :mod(z76, z77) ∧ this(z77)) ∧ :snt6(z0, z78) ∧ serve-02(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ pizza(z79) ∧ :time(z78, z80) ∧ day(z80) ∧ :mod(z80, z81) ∧ one(z81) ∧ :snt7(z0, z82) ∧ serve-02(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z83) ∧ pizza(z83) ∧ :time(z82, z84) ∧ afterward(z84) ∧ :snt8(z0, z85) ∧ cause-01(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z86) ∧ conclude-01(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z87) ∧ he(z87) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z86, z88) ∧ possible-01(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z89) ∧ save-01(z89) ∧ :ARG0(z89, z90) ∧ school(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z91) ∧ money(z91) ∧ :ARG3(z89, z92) ∧ replace-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ lunch(z93) ∧ :mod(z93, z94) ∧ cafeteria(z94) ∧ :duration(z93, z95) ∧ day(z95) ∧ :ARG2(z92, z96) ∧ pizza(z96) ∧ :source(z96, z76)) ∧ :snt9(z0, z97) ∧ offer-01(z97) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z98) ∧ restaurant(z98) ∧ :mod(z98, z99) ∧ country(z99) ∧ :wiki(z99, "Italy") ∧ :name(z99, z1000) ∧ name(z1000) ∧ :op1(z1000, "Italy") ∧ :ARG1(z97, z1001) ∧ pizza(z1001) ∧ :quant(z1001, z1002) ∧ number(z1002) ∧ :mod(z1002, z1003) ∧ large(z1003) ∧ :ARG3(z97, z1004) ∧ school(z1004) ∧ :prep-at(z97, z1005) ∧ rate(z1005) ∧ :mod(z1005, z1006) ∧ bulk(z1006) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1005) ∧ reduce-01(z1007) ∧ :degree(z1007, z1008) ∧ vast(z1008) ∧ :prep-at(z97, z1009) ∧ rate(z1009) ∧ :mod(z1009, z1010) ∧ bulk(z1010) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z1009) ∧ average-04(z100) ∧ :snt10(z0, z1011) ∧ serve-01(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z1012) ∧ pizza(z1012) ∧ :time(z1011, z1013) ∧ day(z1013) ∧ :mod(z1013, z1014) ∧ one(z1014) ∧ :snt11(z0, z1015) ∧ serve-02(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z101) ∧ pizza(z101) ∧ :time(z1015, z102) ∧ day(z102) ∧ :snt12(z0, z103) ∧ one(z103)


Some engineers have doctorates, so some people who have doctorates are highly skilled.

Question: In order for the above reasoning to be true, which of the following must be added as a premise?

Choices:
- All highly skilled people are engineers
- Some highly skilled people do not receive doctorates
- Some engineers are highly skilled
- All the engineers are highly skilled

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-03
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :mod (z3 / some)
                        :ARG0-of (z4 / engineer-01))
              :ARG1 (z5 / doctorate))
    :snt2 (z6 / cause-01
              :ARG0 (z7 / have-03
                        :ARG0 (z8 / person
                                  :mod (z9 / some))
                        :ARG1 (z10 / doctorate))
              :ARG1 (z11 / skill
                         :ARG1-of (z12 / high-02)
                         :domain (z13 / person
                                      :mod (z14 / some)
                                      :ARG0-of (z15 / have-03
                                                    :ARG1 (z16 / doctorate)))))
    :snt3 (z17 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z18 / sign-01
                          :ARG1 (z19 / sign-01))
               :direction (z20 / out)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-03(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ some(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z2) ∧ engineer-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ doctorate(z5) ∧ :snt2(z0, z6) ∧ cause-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z7) ∧ have-03(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z8) ∧ person(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ some(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z10) ∧ doctorate(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z11) ∧ skill(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ high-02(z12) ∧ :domain(z11, z13) ∧ person(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ some(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z13) ∧ have-03(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ doctorate(z16) ∧ :snt3(z0, z17) ∧ go-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ sign-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ sign-01(z19) ∧ :direction(z17, z20) ∧ out(z20)


When encountering high temperatures, the building materials will make unique sounds. The sound sensor alarm will detect these sounds and provide an early warning of a house fire, so that the occupants can escape before being fainted by the smoke. Because the smoke is The most common factor causing casualties, so the installation of sound sensor alarm will effectively reduce the casualties of house fires.

Question: Which of the following hypotheses, if correct, can best refute the above statement?

Choices:
- If the sound sensor alarm is widely used, its high cost will be reduced
- When completely burned, the sound of many building materials can be heard from hundreds of meters away
- Many fires start in indoor sofa cushions or mattresses, which produce a lot of smoke but no sound
- In some larger houses, multiple sound sensor alarms are required for adequate protection

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / make-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / material
                        :ARG2-of (z3 / build-01))
              :ARG1 (z4 / sound-02
                        :ARG1-of (z5 / unique-01))
              :time (z6 / encounter-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1 (z7 / temperature
                                  :ARG1-of (z8 / high-02))))
    :snt2 (z9 / and
              :op1 (z10 / detect-01
                        :ARG0 (z11 / alarm
                                   :mod (z12 / sensor
                                             :mod (z13 / sound)))
                        :ARG1 (z14 / sound-02
                                   :mod (z15 / this)))
              :op2 (z16 / provide-01
                        :ARG0 z11
                        :ARG1 (z17 / warn-01
                                   :ARG0 z11
                                   :ARG1 (z18 / fire-03
                                              :ARG1 (z19 / house))
                                   :time (z20 / early)))
              :purpose (z21 / possible-01
                            :ARG1 (z22 / escape-01
                                       :ARG0 (z23 / person
                                                  :ARG0-of (z24 / occupy-01))
                                       :time (z25 / before
                                                  :op1 (z26 / faint-01
                                                            :ARG0 (z27 / smoke)
                                                            :ARG1 z23)))))
    :snt3 (z28 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z29 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z30 / smoke)
                          :ARG2 (z31 / common)
                          :ARG3 (z32 / most)
                          :ARG5 (z33 / factor
                                     :ARG0-of (z34 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z35 / casualty))))
               :ARG1 (z36 / reduce-01
                          :ARG0 (z37 / install-01
                                     :ARG1 (z38 / alarm-01
                                                :mod (z39 / sensor
                                                          :mod (z40 / sound))))
                          :ARG1 (z41 / casualty
                                     :ARG1-of (z42 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z43 / fire-04
                                                              :ARG1 (z44 / house))))
                          :ARG1-of (z45 / effective-04)))
    :snt4 (z46 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z47 / have-degree-91
                          :ARG1 (z48 / smoke)
                          :ARG2 (z49 / common)
                          :ARG3 (z50 / most)
                          :ARG5 (z51 / factor
                                     :ARG0-of (z52 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z53 / casualty))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ make-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ material(z2) ∧ :ARG2(z3, z2) ∧ build-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ sound-02(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z4) ∧ unique-01(z5) ∧ :time(z1, z6) ∧ encounter-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ temperature(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ high-02(z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ and(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ detect-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ alarm(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ sensor(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ sound(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z14) ∧ sound-02(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ this(z15) ∧ :op2(z9, z16) ∧ provide-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z11) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ warn-01(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z11) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ fire-03(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ house(z19) ∧ :time(z17, z20) ∧ early(z20) ∧ :purpose(z9, z21) ∧ possible-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ escape-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ person(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z23) ∧ occupy-01(z24) ∧ :time(z22, z25) ∧ before(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, z26) ∧ faint-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z27) ∧ smoke(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z23) ∧ :snt3(z0, z28) ∧ cause-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ have-degree-91(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ smoke(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z31) ∧ common(z31) ∧ :ARG3(z29, z32) ∧ most(z32) ∧ :ARG5(z29, z33) ∧ factor(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z33) ∧ cause-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ casualty(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z36) ∧ reduce-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z37) ∧ install-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ alarm-01(z38) ∧ :mod(z38, z39) ∧ sensor(z39) ∧ :mod(z39, z40) ∧ sound(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z41) ∧ casualty(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ cause-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ fire-04(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ house(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z36) ∧ effective-04(z45) ∧ :snt4(z0, z46) ∧ cause-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z47) ∧ have-degree-91(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z48) ∧ smoke(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z49) ∧ common(z49) ∧ :ARG3(z47, z50) ∧ most(z50) ∧ :ARG5(z47, z51) ∧ factor(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z51) ∧ cause-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ casualty(z53)


Large and small planets are suspended at the edge of the solar system and are easily affected by the gravity of nearby stars. Researchers calculate that these forces sometimes pull comets out of the Oort Nebula. In this way, they are more likely to be close to the sun. Based on this, the two researchers made two different conclusions: first, Jupiter's gravity either pushed them into smaller orbits or expelled them from the solar system; second, Jupiter's gravity either pushed them into smaller orbits. or drive them out of the solar system.

Question: If only one of the above two assertions is true, which of the following conclusions can be inferred?

Choices:
- Jupiter's gravity pushes them into smaller orbits and drives them out of the solar system.
- Jupiter's gravity did not push them into smaller orbits, but drove them out of the solar system.
- Jupiter's gravity pushed them into smaller orbits, but did not drive them out of the solar system.
- Jupiter's gravitational pull neither pushed them into smaller orbits nor drove them out of the solar system.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / suspend-02
                       :ARG1 (z3 / and
                                 :op1 (z4 / planet
                                          :mod (z5 / large))
                                 :op2 (z6 / planet
                                          :mod (z7 / small)))
                       :location (z8 / edge
                                     :part-of (z9 / system
                                                  :mod (z10 / sun))))
              :op2 (z11 / affect-01
                        :ARG0 (z12 / gravity
                                   :poss (z13 / star
                                              :ARG1-of (z14 / near-02
                                                            :ARG2 z9)))
                        :ARG1 z3
                        :ARG1-of (z15 / easy-05))
              :op3 (z16 / calculate-01
                        :ARG0 (z17 / person
                                   :ARG0-of (z18 / research-01))
                        :ARG1 (z19 / pull-01
                                   :ARG0 (z20 / force
                                              :mod (z21 / this))
                                   :ARG1 (z22 / comet)
                                   :ARG2 (z23 / out-06
                                              :ARG1 z22
                                              :ARG2 (z24 / world-region
                                                         :wiki "Oort_Nebula"
                                                         :name (z25 / name
                                                                    :op1 "Oort"
                                                                    :op2 "Nebula")))
                                   :frequency (z26 / sometimes))))
    :snt2 (z27 / and
               :op1 (z28 / suspend-01
                         :ARG1 (z29 / and
                                    :op1 (z30 / planet
                                              :mod (z31 / large))
                                    :op2 (z32 / planet
                                              :mod (z33 / small)))
                         :location (z34 / edge
                                        :part-of (z35 / system
                                                      :mod (z36 / sun))))
               :op2 (z37 / affect-01
                         :ARG0 (z38 / gravity
                                    :poss (z39 / star
                                               :ARG1-of (z40 / near-02
                                                             :ARG2 z35)))
                         :ARG1 z29
                         :ARG1-of (z41 / easy-05)))
    :snt3 (z42 / conclude-01
               :ARG0 (z43 / person
                          :quant 2
                          :ARG0-of (z44 / research-01))
               :ARG1 (z45 / and
                          :op1 (z46 / or
                                    :op1 (z47 / push-01
                                              :ARG0 (z48 / gravity
                                                         :poss (z49 / planet
                                                                    :wiki "Jupiter"
                                                                    :name (z50 / name
                                                                               :op1 "Jupiter")))
                                              :ARG1 (z51 / they)
                                              :ARG2 (z52 / orbit-01
                                                         :ARG1-of (z53 / have-degree-91
                                                                       :ARG2 (z54 / small)
                                                                       :ARG3 (z55 / more))))
                                    :op2 (z56 / expel-01
                                              :ARG0 z48
                                              :ARG1 z51
                                              :ARG2 (z57 / system
                                                         :mod (z58 / sun)))
                                    :ord (z59 / ordinal-entity
                                              :value 1))
                          :op2 (z60 / or
                                    :op1 (z61 / push-01
                                              :ARG0 (z62 / gravity
                                                         :poss z49)
                                              :ARG1 z51
                                              :ARG2 (z63 / orbit-01
                                                         :ARG1-of (z64 / have-degree-91
                                                                       :ARG2 (z65 / small)
                                                                       :ARG3 (z66 / more))))
                                    :op2 (z67 / drive-02
                                              :ARG0 z62
                                              :ARG1 z51
                                              :ARG2 (z68 / out-06
                                                         :ARG1 z51
                                                         :ARG2 (z69 / system
                                                                    :mod (z70 / sun))))
                                    :ord (z71 / ordinal-entity
                                              :value 2)))
               :ARG1-of (z72 / differ-02)
               :ARG1-of (z73 / base-02
                             :ARG2 (z74 / this)))
    :snt4 (z75 / likely-01
               :ARG1 (z76 / close-10
                          :ARG1 (z77 / they)
                          :ARG2 (z78 / sun)
                          :manner (z79 / way
                                       :mod (z80 / this)))
               :ARG2-of (z81 / have-degree-91
                             :ARG1 z76
                             :ARG3 (z82 / more)))
    :snt5 (z83 / multi-sentence
               :snt1 (z84 / calculate-01
                          :ARG0 (z85 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z86 / research-01))
                          :ARG1 (z87 / pull-01
                                     :ARG0 (z88 / force
                                                :mod (z89 / this))
                                     :ARG1 (z90 / comet)
                                     :ARG2 (z91 / out-06
                                                :ARG1 z90
                                                :ARG2 (z92 / world-region
                                                           :wiki "Oort_Nebula"
                                                           :name (z93 / name
                                                                      :op1 "Oort"
                                                                      :op2 "Nebula"))
                                                :frequency (z94 / sometimes)))))
    :snt6 (z95 / conclude-01
               :ARG0 (z96 / person
                          :quant 2
                          :ARG0-of (z97 / research-01))
               :ARG1 (z98 / and
                          :op1 (z99 / push-01
                                    :ARG0 (z100 / gravity
                                                :poss (z101 / planet
                                                            :wiki "Jupiter"
                                                            :name (z102 / name
                                                                        :op1 "Jupiter")))
                                    :ARG1 (z103 / they)
                                    :ARG2 (z104 / orbit
                                                :ARG1-of (z1000 / have-degree-91
                                                                :ARG2 (z1001 / small)
                                                                :ARG3 (z1002 / more))))
                          :op2 (z1003 / push-01
                                      :ARG0 (z1004 / gravity
                                                   :poss (z1005 / planet
                                                                :wiki "Planum_Australe"
                                                                :name (z1006 / name
                                                                             :op1 "Planum"
                                                                             :op2 "Australe"))
                                                   :ARG1 z69
                                                   :ARG2 (z1007 / orbit
                                                                :ARG1-of (z1008 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1009 / large)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1010 / more))))
                                      :op3 (z1011 / drive-02
                                                  :ARG0 (z1012 / universe
                                                               :wiki "Planum_Australe"
                                                               :name (z1013 / name
                                                                            :op1 "Planum"
                                                                            :op2 "Australe"))
                                                  :ARG1 z69
                                                  :ARG2 (z1014 / out-06
                                                               :ARG1 z69
                                                               :ARG2 (z1015 / system
                                                                            :mod (z1016 / sun))))
                                      :ord (z1017 / ordinal-entity
                                                  :value 2)))
               :snt7 (z1018 / cause-01
                            :ARG1 (z1019 / conclude-01
                                         :ARG0 z1018
                                         :ARG1 (z1020 / and
                                                      :op1 (z1021 / push-01
                                                                  :ARG0 (z1022 / gravity
                                                                               :poss (z1023 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Jupiter"
                                                                                :name (z1024 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Jupiter")))
                                                                  :ARG1 (z1025 / they)
                                                                  :ARG2 (z1026 / orbit
                                                                               :ARG1-of (z1027 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1028 / small)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1029 / more)))))
                                         :op2 (z1030 / push-01
                                                     :ARG0 (z1031 / gravity
                                                                  :poss (z1032 / planet
                                                                               :wiki "Planum_Australe"
                                                                               :name (z105 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Oort"
                                                                                :op2 "Nebula")))
                                                     :ARG2 (z106 / orbit
                                                                 :ARG1-of (z107 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1033 / large)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1034 / more)))))
                            :time (z1035 / sometimes)))
    :snt8 (z1036 / cause-01
                 :ARG0 (z1037 / think-01
                              :ARG0 (z1038 / person
                                           :ARG0-of (z108 / research-01))
                              :ARG1 (z1039 / think-01
                                           :ARG1 (z1040 / and
                                                        :op1 (z1041 / get-05
                                                                    :ARG1 (z1042 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Planum_Australe"
                                                                                :name (z1043 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Oort"
                                                                                :op2 "Nebula"))
                                                                    :ARG2 (z1044 / orbit
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1045 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1046 / large)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1047 / more)
                                                                                :ARG4 (z1048 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Planum"))))))
                              :op2 (z2000 / thing))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ suspend-02(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ and(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, z4) ∧ planet(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ large(z5) ∧ :op2(z3, z6) ∧ planet(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ small(z7) ∧ :location(z2, z8) ∧ edge(z8) ∧ :part(z9, z8) ∧ system(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ sun(z10) ∧ :op2(z1, z11) ∧ affect-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z12) ∧ gravity(z12) ∧ :poss(z12, z13) ∧ star(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ near-02(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z3) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z11) ∧ easy-05(z15) ∧ :op3(z1, z16) ∧ calculate-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z17) ∧ research-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z19) ∧ pull-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ force(z20) ∧ :mod(z20, z21) ∧ this(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z22) ∧ comet(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z19, z23) ∧ out-06(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z22) ∧ :ARG2(z23, z24) ∧ world-region(z24) ∧ :wiki(z24, "Oort_Nebula") ∧ :name(z24, z25) ∧ name(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, "Oort") ∧ :op2(z25, "Nebula") ∧ :frequency(z19, z26) ∧ sometimes(z26) ∧ :snt2(z0, z27) ∧ and(z27) ∧ :op1(z27, z28) ∧ suspend-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ and(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, z30) ∧ planet(z30) ∧ :mod(z30, z31) ∧ large(z31) ∧ :op2(z29, z32) ∧ planet(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ small(z33) ∧ :location(z28, z34) ∧ edge(z34) ∧ :part(z35, z34) ∧ system(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ sun(z36) ∧ :op2(z27, z37) ∧ affect-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ gravity(z38) ∧ :poss(z38, z39) ∧ star(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z39) ∧ near-02(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z35) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z37) ∧ easy-05(z41) ∧ :snt3(z0, z42) ∧ conclude-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ person(z43) ∧ :quant(z43, 2) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z43) ∧ research-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z45) ∧ and(z45) ∧ :op1(z45, z46) ∧ or(z46) ∧ :op1(z46, z47) ∧ push-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ gravity(z48) ∧ :poss(z48, z49) ∧ planet(z49) ∧ :wiki(z49, "Jupiter") ∧ :name(z49, z50) ∧ name(z50) ∧ :op1(z50, "Jupiter") ∧ :ARG1(z47, z51) ∧ they(z51) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z52) ∧ orbit-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z52) ∧ have-degree-91(z53) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z54) ∧ small(z54) ∧ :ARG3(z53, z55) ∧ more(z55) ∧ :op2(z46, z56) ∧ expel-01(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z48) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z51) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z57) ∧ system(z57) ∧ :mod(z57, z58) ∧ sun(z58) ∧ :ord(z46, z59) ∧ ordinal-entity(z59) ∧ :value(z59, 1) ∧ :op2(z45, z60) ∧ or(z60) ∧ :op1(z60, z61) ∧ push-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z62) ∧ gravity(z62) ∧ :poss(z62, z49) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z51) ∧ :ARG2(z61, z63) ∧ orbit-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z63) ∧ have-degree-91(z64) ∧ :ARG2(z64, z65) ∧ small(z65) ∧ :ARG3(z64, z66) ∧ more(z66) ∧ :op2(z60, z67) ∧ drive-02(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z51) ∧ :ARG2(z67, z68) ∧ out-06(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z51) ∧ :ARG2(z68, z69) ∧ system(z69) ∧ :mod(z69, z70) ∧ sun(z70) ∧ :ord(z60, z71) ∧ ordinal-entity(z71) ∧ :value(z71, 2) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z42) ∧ differ-02(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z42) ∧ base-02(z73) ∧ :ARG2(z73, z74) ∧ this(z74) ∧ :snt4(z0, z75) ∧ likely-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ close-10(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ they(z77) ∧ :ARG2(z76, z78) ∧ sun(z78) ∧ :manner(z76, z79) ∧ way(z79) ∧ :mod(z79, z80) ∧ this(z80) ∧ :ARG2(z81, z75) ∧ have-degree-91(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z76) ∧ :ARG3(z81, z82) ∧ more(z82) ∧ :snt5(z0, z83) ∧ multi-sentence(z83) ∧ :snt1(z83, z84) ∧ calculate-01(z84) ∧ :ARG0(z84, z85) ∧ person(z85) ∧ :ARG0(z86, z85) ∧ research-01(z86) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z87) ∧ pull-01(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z88) ∧ force(z88) ∧ :mod(z88, z89) ∧ this(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z90) ∧ comet(z90) ∧ :ARG2(z87, z91) ∧ out-06(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z90) ∧ :ARG2(z91, z92) ∧ world-region(z92) ∧ :wiki(z92, "Oort_Nebula") ∧ :name(z92, z93) ∧ name(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, "Oort") ∧ :op2(z93, "Nebula") ∧ :frequency(z91, z94) ∧ sometimes(z94) ∧ :snt6(z0, z95) ∧ conclude-01(z95) ∧ :ARG0(z95, z96) ∧ person(z96) ∧ :quant(z96, 2) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z96) ∧ research-01(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z98) ∧ and(z98) ∧ :op1(z98, z99) ∧ push-01(z99) ∧ :ARG0(z99, z100) ∧ gravity(z100) ∧ :poss(z100, z101) ∧ planet(z101) ∧ :wiki(z101, "Jupiter") ∧ :name(z101, z102) ∧ name(z102) ∧ :op1(z102, "Jupiter") ∧ :ARG1(z99, z103) ∧ they(z103) ∧ :ARG2(z99, z104) ∧ orbit(z104) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z104) ∧ have-degree-91(z1000) ∧ :ARG2(z1000, z1001) ∧ small(z1001) ∧ :ARG3(z1000, z1002) ∧ more(z1002) ∧ :op2(z98, z1003) ∧ push-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG0(z1003, z1004) ∧ gravity(z1004) ∧ :poss(z1004, z1005) ∧ planet(z1005) ∧ :wiki(z1005, "Planum_Australe") ∧ :name(z1005, z1006) ∧ name(z1006) ∧ :op1(z1006, "Planum") ∧ :op2(z1006, "Australe") ∧ :ARG1(z1004, z69) ∧ :ARG2(z1004, z1007) ∧ orbit(z1007) ∧ :ARG1(z1008, z1007) ∧ have-degree-91(z1008) ∧ :ARG2(z1008, z1009) ∧ large(z1009) ∧ :ARG3(z1008, z1010) ∧ more(z1010) ∧ :op3(z1003, z1011) ∧ drive-02(z1011) ∧ :ARG0(z1011, z1012) ∧ universe(z1012) ∧ :wiki(z1012, "Planum_Australe") ∧ :name(z1012, z1013) ∧ name(z1013) ∧ :op1(z1013, "Planum") ∧ :op2(z1013, "Australe") ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z69) ∧ :ARG2(z1011, z1014) ∧ out-06(z1014) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z69) ∧ :ARG2(z1014, z1015) ∧ system(z1015) ∧ :mod(z1015, z1016) ∧ sun(z1016) ∧ :ord(z1003, z1017) ∧ ordinal-entity(z1017) ∧ :value(z1017, 2) ∧ :snt7(z95, z1018) ∧ cause-01(z1018) ∧ :ARG1(z1018, z1019) ∧ conclude-01(z1019) ∧ :ARG0(z1019, z1018) ∧ :ARG1(z1019, z1020) ∧ and(z1020) ∧ :op1(z1020, z1021) ∧ push-01(z1021) ∧ :ARG0(z1021, z1022) ∧ gravity(z1022) ∧ :poss(z1022, z1023) ∧ planet(z1023) ∧ :wiki(z1023, "Jupiter") ∧ :name(z1023, z1024) ∧ name(z1024) ∧ :op1(z1024, "Jupiter") ∧ :ARG1(z1021, z1025) ∧ they(z1025) ∧ :ARG2(z1021, z1026) ∧ orbit(z1026) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1026) ∧ have-degree-91(z1027) ∧ :ARG2(z1027, z1028) ∧ small(z1028) ∧ :ARG3(z1027, z1029) ∧ more(z1029) ∧ :op2(z1019, z1030) ∧ push-01(z1030) ∧ :ARG0(z1030, z1031) ∧ gravity(z1031) ∧ :poss(z1031, z1032) ∧ planet(z1032) ∧ :wiki(z1032, "Planum_Australe") ∧ :name(z1032, z105) ∧ name(z105) ∧ :op1(z105, "Oort") ∧ :op2(z105, "Nebula") ∧ :ARG2(z1030, z106) ∧ orbit(z106) ∧ :ARG1(z107, z106) ∧ have-degree-91(z107) ∧ :ARG2(z107, z1033) ∧ large(z1033) ∧ :ARG3(z107, z1034) ∧ more(z1034) ∧ :time(z1018, z1035) ∧ sometimes(z1035) ∧ :snt8(z0, z1036) ∧ cause-01(z1036) ∧ :ARG0(z1036, z1037) ∧ think-01(z1037) ∧ :ARG0(z1037, z1038) ∧ person(z1038) ∧ :ARG0(z108, z1038) ∧ research-01(z108) ∧ :ARG1(z1037, z1039) ∧ think-01(z1039) ∧ :ARG1(z1039, z1040) ∧ and(z1040) ∧ :op1(z1040, z1041) ∧ get-05(z1041) ∧ :ARG1(z1041, z1042) ∧ planet(z1042) ∧ :wiki(z1042, "Planum_Australe") ∧ :name(z1042, z1043) ∧ name(z1043) ∧ :op1(z1043, "Oort") ∧ :op2(z1043, "Nebula") ∧ :ARG2(z1041, z1044) ∧ orbit(z1044) ∧ :ARG1(z1045, z1044) ∧ have-degree-91(z1045) ∧ :ARG2(z1045, z1046) ∧ large(z1046) ∧ :ARG3(z1045, z1047) ∧ more(z1047) ∧ :ARG4(z1045, z1048) ∧ planet(z1048) ∧ :wiki(z1048, "Planum") ∧ :op2(z1037, z2000) ∧ thing(z2000)