<b> In countries where automobile insurance includes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents, reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are in countries where whiplash is not covered. </b> Presently, no objective test for whiplash exists, so it is true that spurious reports of whiplash injuries cannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant the conclusion drawn by some commentators, that in the countries with the higher rates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious. Clearly, <b> in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensation for whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuries that they actually have suffered </b>.

Question: In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

Choices:
- The first is a claim that the argument disputes; the second is a conclusion that has been based on that claim.
- The first is a claim that has been used to support a conclusion that the argument accepts; the second is that conclusion.
- The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion for which the argument provides further evidence; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.
- The first is a finding whose implications are at issue in the argument; the second is a claim presented in order to argue against deriving certain implications from that finding.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-degree-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / report-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / suffer-01
                                  :ARG1 (z4 / injure-01
                                            :mod (z5 / such)))
                        :location (z6 / country
                                      :location-of (z7 / include-01
                                                       :ARG1 (z8 / compensate-01
                                                                 :ARG2 (z9 / injure-01
                                                                           :ARG1-of (z10 / sustain-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z11 / accident
                                                                                :mod (z12 / automobile)))
                                                                           :mod (z13 / whiplash))))))
              :ARG2 (z14 / frequent-02
                         :ARG1 z2)
              :ARG3 (z15 / times
                         :quant 2)
              :ARG4 (z16 / report-01
                         :ARG1 z4
                         :location (z17 / country
                                        :location-of (z18 / cover-01
                                                          :polarity -
                                                          :ARG1 z13))))
    :snt2 (z19 / exist-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z20 / test-01
                          :ARG2 (z21 / whiplash)
                          :mod (z22 / objective))
               :time (z23 / present)
               :ARG0-of (z24 / cause-01
                             :ARG1 (z25 / true-01
                                        :ARG1 (z26 / possible-01
                                                   :polarity -
                                                   :ARG1 (z27 / identify-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z28 / report-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z29 / injure-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z30 / whiplash-01))
                                                                         :mod (z31 / spurious))
                                                              :ARG1-of (z32 / ready-02)))))
               :snt3 (z33 / clear-06
                          :ARG1 (z34 / have-degree-91
                                     :ARG1 (z35 / incentivize-01
                                                :ARG1 (z36 / person)
                                                :ARG2 (z37 / report-01
                                                           :ARG0 z36
                                                           :ARG1 (z38 / injure-01
                                                                      :ARG1 z36
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z39 / suffer-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z36
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z40 / actual-02))))
                                                :frequency (z41 / often))
                                     :ARG2 (z42 / little)
                                     :ARG3 (z43 / more)
                                     :location (z44 / country
                                                    :location-of (z45 / include-01
                                                                      :polarity -
                                                                      :ARG1 (z46 / compensate-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z47 / injure-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z48 / whiplash-01)))
                                                                      :ARG2 (z49 / insure-02
                                                                                :mod (z50 / automobile))))))
               :snt4 (z51 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z52 / warrant-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 (z53 / fact
                                                :mod (z54 / this))
                                     :ARG1 (z55 / conclude-01
                                                :ARG0 (z56 / commentator
                                                           :quant (z57 / some))
                                                :ARG1 (z58 / spurious
                                                           :domain (z59 / case-04
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z60 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG3 "1/2"
                                                                                :ARG2 (z61 / case-04
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z62 / report-01))))
                                                           :location (z63 / country
                                                                          :ARG0-of (z64 / have-03
                                                                                :ARG1 (z65 / rate
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z66 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z67 / high-02
                                                                                :ARG1 z65)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z68 / more)))))
                                                           :ARG1-of (z69 / draw-02
                                                                         :ARG0 (z70 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z71 / comment-01)))))))
               :snt5 (z72 / clear-06
                          :ARG1 (z73 / have-03
                                     :ARG0 (z74 / person)
                                     :ARG1 (z75 / incentivize-01
                                                :ARG1 z74
                                                :ARG2 (z76 / report-01
                                                           :ARG0 z74
                                                           :ARG1 (z77 / injure-01
                                                                      :ARG1 z74
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z78 / suffer-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z79 / actual-02))))
                                                :degree (z80 / little))
                                     :location (z81 / country
                                                    :location-of (z82 / insure-02
                                                                      :polarity -
                                                                      :ARG1 (z83 / whiplash)))))
               :snt6 (z84 / publication-91
                          :ARG1 (z85 / age-01
                                     :ARG1 (z86 / person)
                                     :ARG2 (z87 / age-01
                                                :ARG2 (z88 / temporal-quantity
                                                           :quant 1
                                                           :unit (z89 / year)))
                                     :ARG3 (z90 / age-01
                                                :ARG2 (z91 / temporal-quantity
                                                           :quant 1
                                                           :unit (z92 / year)))))
               :snt7 (z93 / publication
                          :ARG1 (z94 / report-01
                                     :ARG1 (z95 / injure-01
                                                :ARG1 (z96 / whiplash)
                                                :ARG1-of (z97 / sustain-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z98 / accident
                                                                         :mod (z1000 / automobile))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z1001 / spurious-02)))
               :snt8 (z1002 / infer-01
                            :ARG1 (z1003 / possible-01
                                         :polarity -
                                         :ARG1 (z1004 / identify-01
                                                      :ARG1 (z1005 / report-01
                                                                   :ARG1-of (z1006 / spurious-02))
                                                      :manner (z1007 / ready)))))
    :snt9 (z1008 / publication
                 :ARG1-of (z1009 / date-01
                                 :ARG2 (z1010 / date-entity
                                              :year 2005)))
    :snt10 (z1011 / publication
                  :ARG1-of (z1012 / shorten-04))
    :snt11 (z1013 / verse
                  :mod (z1014 / publication
                              :ARG1-of (z1015 / shorten-04
                                              :ARG2 (z1016 / temporal-quantity
                                                           :quant 1
                                                           :unit (z1017 / year)))))
    :snt12 (z1018 / verse
                  :mod (z1019 / publication
                              :wiki -
                              :name (z1020 / name
                                           :op1 "LRB")))
    :snt13 (z1021 / verse
                  :mod (z1022 / publication
                              :ARG1-of (z1023 / new-01)))
    :snt14 (z1024 / have-03
                  :ARG0 (z1025 / person)
                  :ARG1 (z1026 / incentivize-01
                               :ARG1 (z1027 / person)
                               :ARG2 (z100 / report-01
                                           :ARG1 (z101 / injure-01
                                                       :ARG1 (z102 / whiplash)
                                                       :ARG1-of (z103 / suffer-01
                                                                      :ARG0 z1027))))
                  :time (z104 / often))
    :snt15 (z105 / have-03
                 :ARG0 (z106 / country
                             :location-of (z107 / include-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG1 (z1028 / insure-02
                                                             :ARG1 (z1029 / insure-02
                                                                          :ARG3 (z1030 / whiplash)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-degree-91(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ report-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ suffer-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ injure-01(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ such(z5) ∧ :location(z2, z6) ∧ country(z6) ∧ :location(z7, z6) ∧ include-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ compensate-01(z8) ∧ :ARG2(z8, z9) ∧ injure-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z9) ∧ sustain-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ accident(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ automobile(z12) ∧ :mod(z9, z13) ∧ whiplash(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z14) ∧ frequent-02(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z2) ∧ :ARG3(z1, z15) ∧ times(z15) ∧ :quant(z15, 2) ∧ :ARG4(z1, z16) ∧ report-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z4) ∧ :location(z16, z17) ∧ country(z17) ∧ ¬(:location(z18, z17) ∧ cover-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z13)) ∧ ¬(:snt2(z0, z19) ∧ exist-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ test-01(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z21) ∧ whiplash(z21) ∧ :mod(z20, z22) ∧ objective(z22) ∧ :time(z19, z23) ∧ present(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z19) ∧ cause-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ true-01(z25) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ possible-01(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ identify-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ report-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ injure-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z29) ∧ whiplash-01(z30) ∧ :mod(z28, z31) ∧ spurious(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z27) ∧ ready-02(z32)) ∧ :snt3(z19, z33) ∧ clear-06(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ have-degree-91(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ incentivize-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ person(z36) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z37) ∧ report-01(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ injure-01(z38) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z36) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z38) ∧ suffer-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z36) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z39) ∧ actual-02(z40) ∧ :frequency(z35, z41) ∧ often(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z42) ∧ little(z42) ∧ :ARG3(z34, z43) ∧ more(z43) ∧ :location(z34, z44) ∧ country(z44) ∧ ¬(:location(z45, z44) ∧ include-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ compensate-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ injure-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z47) ∧ whiplash-01(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z49) ∧ insure-02(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ automobile(z50)) ∧ :snt4(z19, z51) ∧ have-concession-91(z51) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z51, z52) ∧ warrant-01(z52) ∧ :ARG0(z52, z53) ∧ fact(z53) ∧ :mod(z53, z54) ∧ this(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z55) ∧ conclude-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ commentator(z56) ∧ :quant(z56, z57) ∧ some(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z58) ∧ spurious(z58) ∧ :domain(z58, z59) ∧ case-04(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z59) ∧ include-91(z60) ∧ :ARG3(z60, "1/2") ∧ :ARG2(z60, z61) ∧ case-04(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z61) ∧ report-01(z62) ∧ :location(z58, z63) ∧ country(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z63) ∧ have-03(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ rate(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z65) ∧ have-degree-91(z66) ∧ :ARG2(z66, z67) ∧ high-02(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z65) ∧ :ARG3(z66, z68) ∧ more(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z58) ∧ draw-02(z69) ∧ :ARG0(z69, z70) ∧ person(z70) ∧ :ARG0(z71, z70) ∧ comment-01(z71)) ∧ :snt5(z19, z72) ∧ clear-06(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ have-03(z73) ∧ :ARG0(z73, z74) ∧ person(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z75) ∧ incentivize-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z74) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z76) ∧ report-01(z76) ∧ :ARG0(z76, z74) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ injure-01(z77) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z74) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z77) ∧ suffer-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z78) ∧ actual-02(z79) ∧ :degree(z75, z80) ∧ little(z80) ∧ :location(z73, z81) ∧ country(z81) ∧ ¬(:location(z82, z81) ∧ insure-02(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z83) ∧ whiplash(z83)) ∧ :snt6(z19, z84) ∧ publication-91(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ age-01(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z86) ∧ person(z86) ∧ :ARG2(z85, z87) ∧ age-01(z87) ∧ :ARG2(z87, z88) ∧ temporal-quantity(z88) ∧ :quant(z88, 1) ∧ :unit(z88, z89) ∧ year(z89) ∧ :ARG3(z85, z90) ∧ age-01(z90) ∧ :ARG2(z90, z91) ∧ temporal-quantity(z91) ∧ :quant(z91, 1) ∧ :unit(z91, z92) ∧ year(z92) ∧ :snt7(z19, z93) ∧ publication(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z94) ∧ report-01(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z95) ∧ injure-01(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z96) ∧ whiplash(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z95) ∧ sustain-01(z97) ∧ :ARG0(z97, z98) ∧ accident(z98) ∧ :mod(z98, z1000) ∧ automobile(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z94) ∧ spurious-02(z1001) ∧ :snt8(z19, z1002) ∧ infer-01(z1002) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z1002, z1003) ∧ possible-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1004) ∧ identify-01(z1004) ∧ :ARG1(z1004, z1005) ∧ report-01(z1005) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z1005) ∧ spurious-02(z1006) ∧ :manner(z1004, z1007) ∧ ready(z1007))) ∧ :snt9(z0, z1008) ∧ publication(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1008) ∧ date-01(z1009) ∧ :ARG2(z1009, z1010) ∧ date-entity(z1010) ∧ :year(z1010, 2005) ∧ :snt10(z0, z1011) ∧ publication(z1011) ∧ :ARG1(z1012, z1011) ∧ shorten-04(z1012) ∧ :snt11(z0, z1013) ∧ verse(z1013) ∧ :mod(z1013, z1014) ∧ publication(z1014) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1014) ∧ shorten-04(z1015) ∧ :ARG2(z1015, z1016) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1016) ∧ :quant(z1016, 1) ∧ :unit(z1016, z1017) ∧ year(z1017) ∧ :snt12(z0, z1018) ∧ verse(z1018) ∧ :mod(z1018, z1019) ∧ publication(z1019) ∧ :wiki(z1019, -) ∧ :name(z1019, z1020) ∧ name(z1020) ∧ :op1(z1020, "LRB") ∧ :snt13(z0, z1021) ∧ verse(z1021) ∧ :mod(z1021, z1022) ∧ publication(z1022) ∧ :ARG1(z1023, z1022) ∧ new-01(z1023) ∧ :snt14(z0, z1024) ∧ have-03(z1024) ∧ :ARG0(z1024, z1025) ∧ person(z1025) ∧ :ARG1(z1024, z1026) ∧ incentivize-01(z1026) ∧ :ARG1(z1026, z1027) ∧ person(z1027) ∧ :ARG2(z1026, z100) ∧ report-01(z100) ∧ :ARG1(z100, z101) ∧ injure-01(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z102) ∧ whiplash(z102) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z101) ∧ suffer-01(z103) ∧ :ARG0(z103, z1027) ∧ :time(z1024, z104) ∧ often(z104) ∧ :snt15(z0, z105) ∧ have-03(z105) ∧ :ARG0(z105, z106) ∧ country(z106) ∧ ¬(:location(z107, z106) ∧ include-01(z107) ∧ :ARG1(z107, z1028) ∧ insure-02(z1028) ∧ :ARG1(z1028, z1029) ∧ insure-02(z1029) ∧ :ARG3(z1029, z1030) ∧ whiplash(z1030))


The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain' s hypothalamus, is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologist performed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affecting no more than . 05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats had interstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats. Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male cats can contract disease X.

Question: Which of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

Choices:
- The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y, and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.
- The interstitial nuclei of female cats who contract disease X are larger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.
- Of 1, 000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5 revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.
- No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is a subtype of disease Y.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / have-degree-91
              :ARG1 (z2 / interstitial
                        :mod (z3 / nucleus
                                 :ARG1-of (z4 / mean-01
                                              :ARG2 (z5 / subregion
                                                        :part-of (z6 / sultan
                                                                     :part-of (z7 / brain))
                                                        :part-of (z8 / hypothalamus
                                                                     :part-of (z9 / brain))))))
              :ARG2 (z10 / small)
              :ARG3 (z11 / more
                         :ARG1-of (z12 / typical-02))
              :ARG4 (z13 / cat
                         :mod (z14 / female))
              :ARG1-of (z15 / typical-02
                            :ARG2 (z16 / cat
                                       :mod (z17 / male)))
              :ARG1-of (z18 / compare-01
                            :ARG2 (z19 / cat
                                       :mod (z20 / female))))
    :snt2 (z21 / and
               :op1 (z22 / perform-02
                         :ARG0 (z23 / neurobiologist)
                         :ARG1 (z24 / autopsy
                                    :ARG1 (z25 / cat
                                               :mod (z26 / male)
                                               :ARG1-of (z27 / die-01
                                                             :ARG1-of (z28 / cause-01
                                                                           :ARG0 (z29 / disease
                                                                                :mod (z30 / variable
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z31 / name
                                                                                :op1 "X"))
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z32 / affect-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z33 / cat
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z34 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z35 / cat
                                                                                :mod (z36 / male))
                                                                                :ARG3 (z37 / more-than
                                                                                :polarity -
                                                                                :op1 (z38 / percentage-entity
                                                                                :value "0.05")))))))))))
               :op2 (z39 / find-01
                         :ARG0 z23
                         :ARG1 (z40 / have-03
                                    :ARG0 z25
                                    :ARG1 (z41 / nuclei
                                               :mod (z42 / interstitial)
                                               :ARG1-of (z43 / have-degree-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z44 / large)
                                                             :ARG3 (z45 / equal)
                                                             :ARG4 (z46 / nuclei
                                                                        :mod z42
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z47 / find-01
                                                                                :location (z48 / cat
                                                                                :mod (z49 / female))
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z50 / general-02))))))))
    :snt3 (z51 / determine-01
               :ARG0 (z52 / size
                          :poss (z53 / interstitial))
               :ARG1 (z54 / truth-value
                          :polarity-of (z55 / possible-01
                                            :ARG1 (z56 / contract-02
                                                       :ARG0 (z57 / cat
                                                                  :mod (z58 / male))
                                                       :ARG1 (z59 / disease
                                                                  :mod (z60 / variable
                                                                            :wiki -
                                                                            :name (z61 / name
                                                                                :op1 "X")))))))
    :snt4 (z62 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z63 / and
                          :op1 (z64 / autopsy-01
                                    :ARG0 (z65 / person)
                                    :ARG1 (z66 / cat
                                               :mod (z67 / male)
                                               :ARG1-of (z68 / die-01
                                                             :ARG1-of (z69 / cause-01
                                                                           :ARG0 (z70 / disease
                                                                                :mod (z71 / variable
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z72 / name
                                                                                :op1 "X"))
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z73 / affect-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z74 / cat
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z75 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z76 / cat
                                                                                :mod (z77 / male))
                                                                                :ARG3 (z78 / more-than
                                                                                :polarity -
                                                                                :op1 (z79 / percentage-entity
                                                                                :value 5))))))))))
                          :op2 (z80 / find-01
                                    :ARG0 z65
                                    :ARG1 (z81 / have-03
                                               :ARG0 z66
                                               :ARG1 (z82 / nuclei
                                                          :mod (z83 / interstitial)
                                                          :ARG1-of (z84 / have-degree-91
                                                                        :ARG2 (z85 / large)
                                                                        :ARG3 (z86 / equal)
                                                                        :ARG4 (z87 / nuclei
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z88 / find-01
                                                                                :location (z89 / cat
                                                                                :mod (z90 / female))))))))))
    :snt5 (z91 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z92 / determine-01
                          :ARG0 (z1000 / size
                                       :poss (z1001 / interstitial))
                          :ARG1 (z1002 / truth-value
                                       :polarity-of (z93 / possible-01
                                                         :ARG1 (z94 / contract-02
                                                                    :ARG0 (z95 / cat
                                                                               :mod (z96 / male))
                                                                    :ARG1 (z97 / disease
                                                                               :mod (z98 / variable
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1003 / name
                                                                                :op1 "X")))))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ have-degree-91(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ interstitial(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ nucleus(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ mean-01(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ subregion(z5) ∧ :part(z6, z5) ∧ sultan(z6) ∧ :part(z7, z6) ∧ brain(z7) ∧ :part(z8, z5) ∧ hypothalamus(z8) ∧ :part(z9, z8) ∧ brain(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z10) ∧ small(z10) ∧ :ARG3(z1, z11) ∧ more(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ typical-02(z12) ∧ :ARG4(z1, z13) ∧ cat(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ female(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z1) ∧ typical-02(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z15, z16) ∧ cat(z16) ∧ :mod(z16, z17) ∧ male(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z1) ∧ compare-01(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z19) ∧ cat(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ female(z20) ∧ :snt2(z0, z21) ∧ and(z21) ∧ :op1(z21, z22) ∧ perform-02(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ neurobiologist(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z24) ∧ autopsy(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ cat(z25) ∧ :mod(z25, z26) ∧ male(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z25) ∧ die-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ cause-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ disease(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z30) ∧ variable(z30) ∧ :wiki(z30, -) ∧ :name(z30, z31) ∧ name(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, "X") ∧ :ARG0(z32, z29) ∧ affect-01(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ cat(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z33) ∧ include-91(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z35) ∧ cat(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ male(z36) ∧ ¬(:ARG3(z34, z37) ∧ more-than(z37) ∧ :op1(z37, z38) ∧ percentage-entity(z38) ∧ :value(z38, "0.05")) ∧ :op2(z21, z39) ∧ find-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z23) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ have-03(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z25) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ nuclei(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ interstitial(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z41) ∧ have-degree-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ large(z44) ∧ :ARG3(z43, z45) ∧ equal(z45) ∧ :ARG4(z43, z46) ∧ nuclei(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z42) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z46) ∧ find-01(z47) ∧ :location(z47, z48) ∧ cat(z48) ∧ :mod(z48, z49) ∧ female(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z47) ∧ general-02(z50) ∧ :snt3(z0, z51) ∧ determine-01(z51) ∧ :ARG0(z51, z52) ∧ size(z52) ∧ :poss(z52, z53) ∧ interstitial(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z54) ∧ truth-value(z54) ∧ :polarity(z55, z54) ∧ possible-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ contract-02(z56) ∧ :ARG0(z56, z57) ∧ cat(z57) ∧ :mod(z57, z58) ∧ male(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z59) ∧ disease(z59) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ variable(z60) ∧ :wiki(z60, -) ∧ :name(z60, z61) ∧ name(z61) ∧ :op1(z61, "X") ∧ :snt4(z0, z62) ∧ infer-01(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ and(z63) ∧ :op1(z63, z64) ∧ autopsy-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ person(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z66) ∧ cat(z66) ∧ :mod(z66, z67) ∧ male(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z66) ∧ die-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z68) ∧ cause-01(z69) ∧ :ARG0(z69, z70) ∧ disease(z70) ∧ :mod(z70, z71) ∧ variable(z71) ∧ :wiki(z71, -) ∧ :name(z71, z72) ∧ name(z72) ∧ :op1(z72, "X") ∧ :ARG0(z73, z70) ∧ affect-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ cat(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z74) ∧ include-91(z75) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z76) ∧ cat(z76) ∧ :mod(z76, z77) ∧ male(z77) ∧ ¬(:ARG3(z75, z78) ∧ more-than(z78) ∧ :op1(z78, z79) ∧ percentage-entity(z79) ∧ :value(z79, 5)) ∧ :op2(z63, z80) ∧ find-01(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z80, z65) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z81) ∧ have-03(z81) ∧ :ARG0(z81, z66) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z82) ∧ nuclei(z82) ∧ :mod(z82, z83) ∧ interstitial(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z82) ∧ have-degree-91(z84) ∧ :ARG2(z84, z85) ∧ large(z85) ∧ :ARG3(z84, z86) ∧ equal(z86) ∧ :ARG4(z84, z87) ∧ nuclei(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z87) ∧ find-01(z88) ∧ :location(z88, z89) ∧ cat(z89) ∧ :mod(z89, z90) ∧ female(z90) ∧ :snt5(z0, z91) ∧ infer-01(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ determine-01(z92) ∧ :ARG0(z92, z1000) ∧ size(z1000) ∧ :poss(z1000, z1001) ∧ interstitial(z1001) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z1002) ∧ truth-value(z1002) ∧ :polarity(z93, z1002) ∧ possible-01(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z94) ∧ contract-02(z94) ∧ :ARG0(z94, z95) ∧ cat(z95) ∧ :mod(z95, z96) ∧ male(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z97) ∧ disease(z97) ∧ :mod(z97, z98) ∧ variable(z98) ∧ :wiki(z98, -) ∧ :name(z98, z1003) ∧ name(z1003) ∧ :op1(z1003, "X")


French linguist Mayer said: what kind of culture, there is what kind of language. Therefore, the instrumentality of language itself is cultural. If we only pay attention to the training of listening, speaking, reading and writing or the teaching of language, vocabulary and grammar, thinking that we can understand English and communicate in English, we will often have word ambiguity because we do not understand the cultural background of the language. Pragmatic failures and other embarrassing phenomena.

Question: Which of the following is the main description of this text?

Choices:
- Language is both instrumental and cultural
- The characteristics of culture teaching in language official teaching
- Culture teaching should be paid attention to in language teaching
- Causes of various pragmatic errors in communication

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :wiki "Jean-Louis_Mayer"
                        :name (z3 / name
                                  :op1 "Mayer")
                        :mod (z4 / linguist
                                 :mod (z5 / country
                                          :wiki "France"
                                          :name (z6 / name
                                                    :op1 "France"))))
              :ARG1 (z7 / and
                        :op1 (z8 / culture
                                 :mod (z9 / kind
                                          :mod (z10 / amr-unknown)))
                        :op2 (z11 / language
                                  :mod (z12 / kind
                                            :mod (z13 / amr-unknown)))))
    :snt2 (z14 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z15 / cause-01
                          :ARG1 (z16 / culture
                                     :domain (z17 / instrumentality
                                                  :poss (z18 / language)))))
    :snt3 (z19 / have-03
               :ARG0 (z20 / we)
               :ARG1 (z21 / ambiguity
                          :mod (z22 / word))
               :frequency (z23 / often)
               :ARG1-of (z24 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z25 / understand-01
                                        :polarity -
                                        :ARG0 z20
                                        :ARG1 (z26 / background
                                                   :mod (z27 / culture)
                                                   :poss z18)))
               :condition (z28 / attend-02
                               :ARG0 z20
                               :ARG1 (z29 / or
                                          :op1 (z30 / train-01
                                                    :ARG1 (z31 / and
                                                               :op1 (z32 / listen-01)
                                                               :op2 (z33 / speak-01)
                                                               :op3 (z34 / read-01)
                                                               :op4 (z35 / write-01)
                                                               :op5 (z36 / teach-01
                                                                         :ARG1 z18)))
                                          :op2 (z37 / teach-01
                                                    :ARG1 (z38 / and
                                                               :op1 (z39 / language)
                                                               :op2 (z40 / vocabulary)
                                                               :op3 (z41 / grammar)))
                                          :op3 (z42 / think-01
                                                    :ARG0 z20
                                                    :ARG1 (z43 / possible-01
                                                               :ARG1 (z44 / and
                                                                          :op1 (z45 / understand-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z20
                                                                                :ARG1 (z46 / language
                                                                                :wiki "English_language"
                                                                                :name (z47 / name
                                                                                :op1 "English")))
                                                                          :op2 (z48 / communicate-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z20
                                                                                :ARG1 z46)))))
                               :mod (z49 / only)))
    :snt4 (z50 / and
               :op1 (z51 / fail-01
                         :mod (z52 / pragmatic))
               :op2 (z53 / phenomenon
                         :ARG0-of (z54 / embarrass-01)
                         :mod (z55 / other))
               :domain (z56 / and
                            :op1 (z57 / fail-01
                                      :mod (z58 / pragmatic))
                            :op2 (z59 / lapse-01
                                      :ARG1 (z60 / wink-01))
                            :op3 (z61 / joke-01)))
    :snt5 (z62 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z63 / cultural
                          :domain (z64 / instrumentality
                                       :poss (z65 / language)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ say-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :wiki(z2, "Jean-Louis_Mayer") ∧ :name(z2, z3) ∧ name(z3) ∧ :op1(z3, "Mayer") ∧ :mod(z2, z4) ∧ linguist(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ country(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, "France") ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "France") ∧ :ARG1(z1, z7) ∧ and(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, z8) ∧ culture(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ kind(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ amr-unknown(z10) ∧ :op2(z7, z11) ∧ language(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ kind(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ amr-unknown(z13) ∧ :snt2(z0, z14) ∧ cause-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ cause-01(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ culture(z16) ∧ :domain(z16, z17) ∧ instrumentality(z17) ∧ :poss(z17, z18) ∧ language(z18) ∧ :snt3(z0, z19) ∧ :condition(z19, z28) ∧ attend-02(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ or(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, z30) ∧ train-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ and(z31) ∧ :op1(z31, z32) ∧ listen-01(z32) ∧ :op2(z31, z33) ∧ speak-01(z33) ∧ :op3(z31, z34) ∧ read-01(z34) ∧ :op4(z31, z35) ∧ write-01(z35) ∧ :op5(z31, z36) ∧ teach-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z18) ∧ :op2(z29, z37) ∧ teach-01(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z38) ∧ and(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, z39) ∧ language(z39) ∧ :op2(z38, z40) ∧ vocabulary(z40) ∧ :op3(z38, z41) ∧ grammar(z41) ∧ :op3(z29, z42) ∧ think-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ possible-01(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z44) ∧ and(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, z45) ∧ understand-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ language(z46) ∧ :wiki(z46, "English_language") ∧ :name(z46, z47) ∧ name(z47) ∧ :op1(z47, "English") ∧ :op2(z44, z48) ∧ communicate-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z46) ∧ :mod(z28, z49) ∧ only(z49) ∧ have-03(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ we(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z21) ∧ ambiguity(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ word(z22) ∧ :frequency(z19, z23) ∧ often(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z19) ∧ cause-01(z24) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z24, z25) ∧ understand-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ background(z26) ∧ :mod(z26, z27) ∧ culture(z27) ∧ :poss(z26, z18)) ∧ :snt4(z0, z50) ∧ and(z50) ∧ :op1(z50, z51) ∧ fail-01(z51) ∧ :mod(z51, z52) ∧ pragmatic(z52) ∧ :op2(z50, z53) ∧ phenomenon(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z54, z53) ∧ embarrass-01(z54) ∧ :mod(z53, z55) ∧ other(z55) ∧ :domain(z50, z56) ∧ and(z56) ∧ :op1(z56, z57) ∧ fail-01(z57) ∧ :mod(z57, z58) ∧ pragmatic(z58) ∧ :op2(z56, z59) ∧ lapse-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ wink-01(z60) ∧ :op3(z56, z61) ∧ joke-01(z61) ∧ :snt5(z0, z62) ∧ infer-01(z62) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ cultural(z63) ∧ :domain(z63, z64) ∧ instrumentality(z64) ∧ :poss(z64, z65) ∧ language(z65)


In addition to corporate purchases, the average price of buying a new car that has just left the factory has increased by 30% in the past five years. In the same period, the proportion of the average family budget for the purchase of cars has not changed. Therefore, the average family budget must have increased by 30% in the past five years.

Question: Which of the following assumptions can deduce the above discussion?

Choices:
- In the past 5 years, the average number of new cars purchased by each household has not changed.
- In the past 5 years, the average household expenditure on car-related expenses has not changed.
- In the past five years, the average household expenditure on food and housing has not changed.
- In the past five years, the cost of new cars that have just left the factory has increased by 30% across the country.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / increase-01
                       :ARG1 (z3 / monetary-quantity
                                 :ARG2-of (z4 / price-01
                                              :ARG1 (z5 / buy-01
                                                        :ARG1 (z6 / car
                                                                  :ARG1-of (z7 / new-01)
                                                                  :ARG1-of (z8 / leave-11
                                                                               :ARG0 (z9 / factory)
                                                                               :mod (z10 / just)))))
                                 :ARG1-of (z11 / average-04))
                       :ARG2 (z12 / percentage-entity
                                  :value 30)
                       :ARG1-of (z13 / add-02
                                     :ARG2 (z14 / purchase-01
                                                :ARG0 (z15 / corporation)))
                       :time (z16 / before
                                  :op1 (z17 / now)
                                  :duration (z18 / temporal-quantity
                                                 :quant 5
                                                 :unit (z19 / year))))
              :op2 (z20 / change-01
                        :polarity -
                        :ARG1 (z21 / proportion
                                   :quant-of (z22 / budget-01
                                                  :ARG0 (z23 / family)
                                                  :ARG2 (z24 / purchase-01
                                                             :ARG1 (z25 / car))
                                                  :ARG1-of (z26 / average-04)))
                        :time (z27 / period
                                   :ARG1-of (z28 / same-01))))
    :snt2 (z29 / infer-01
               :ARG1 (z30 / obligate-01
                          :ARG2 (z31 / increase-01
                                     :ARG1 (z32 / budget-01
                                                :ARG0 (z33 / family)
                                                :ARG1-of (z34 / average-04))
                                     :ARG2 (z35 / percentage-entity
                                                :value 30)
                                     :time (z36 / before
                                                :op1 (z37 / now)
                                                :duration (z38 / temporal-quantity
                                                               :quant 5
                                                               :unit (z39 / year))))))
    :snt3 (z40 / change-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z41 / proportion
                          :quant-of (z42 / budget-01
                                         :ARG0 (z43 / family)
                                         :ARG2 (z44 / purchase-01
                                                    :ARG1 (z45 / car))
                                         :ARG1-of (z46 / average-04)))
               :time (z47 / period
                          :ARG1-of (z48 / same-01))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ and(z1) ∧ :op1(z1, z2) ∧ increase-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ monetary-quantity(z3) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z3) ∧ price-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ buy-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ car(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ new-01(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z6) ∧ leave-11(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ factory(z9) ∧ :mod(z8, z10) ∧ just(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z3) ∧ average-04(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z2, z12) ∧ percentage-entity(z12) ∧ :value(z12, 30) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z2) ∧ add-02(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z14) ∧ purchase-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z15) ∧ corporation(z15) ∧ :time(z2, z16) ∧ before(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, z17) ∧ now(z17) ∧ :duration(z16, z18) ∧ temporal-quantity(z18) ∧ :quant(z18, 5) ∧ :unit(z18, z19) ∧ year(z19) ∧ ¬(:op2(z1, z20) ∧ change-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ proportion(z21) ∧ :quant(z22, z21) ∧ budget-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ family(z23) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z24) ∧ purchase-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z25) ∧ car(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z22) ∧ average-04(z26) ∧ :time(z20, z27) ∧ period(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ same-01(z28)) ∧ :snt2(z0, z29) ∧ infer-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ obligate-01(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z31) ∧ increase-01(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ budget-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ family(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z32) ∧ average-04(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z35) ∧ percentage-entity(z35) ∧ :value(z35, 30) ∧ :time(z31, z36) ∧ before(z36) ∧ :op1(z36, z37) ∧ now(z37) ∧ :duration(z36, z38) ∧ temporal-quantity(z38) ∧ :quant(z38, 5) ∧ :unit(z38, z39) ∧ year(z39) ∧ ¬(:snt3(z0, z40) ∧ change-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ proportion(z41) ∧ :quant(z42, z41) ∧ budget-01(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ family(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z44) ∧ purchase-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ car(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z42) ∧ average-04(z46) ∧ :time(z40, z47) ∧ period(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z47) ∧ same-01(z48))


Many corporations have begun decorating their halls with motivational posters in hopes of boosting their employees' motivation to work productively. However, almost all employees at these corporations are already motivated to work productively. So these corporations' use of motivational posters is unlikely to achieve its intended purpose.

Question: The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that the argument

Choices:
- fails to consider that even if motivational posters do not have one particular beneficial effect for corporations, they may have similar effects that are equally beneficial
- does not adequately address the possibility that employee productivity is strongly affected by factors other than employees' motivation to work productively
- fails to consider whether corporations that do not currently use motivational posters would increase their employees' motivation to work productively if they began using the posters
- fails to consider that even if employees are already motivated to work productively, motivational posters may increase that motivation

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / begin-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / corporation
                        :quant (z3 / many))
              :ARG1 (z4 / decorate-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1 (z5 / hall
                                  :poss z2)
                        :ARG2 (z6 / poster
                                  :ARG0-of (z7 / motivate-01))
                        :purpose (z8 / hope-01
                                     :ARG0 z2
                                     :ARG1 (z9 / boost-01
                                               :ARG0 z2
                                               :ARG1 (z10 / motivate-01
                                                          :ARG1 (z11 / person
                                                                     :ARG1-of (z12 / employ-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z2))
                                                          :ARG2 (z13 / work-01
                                                                     :ARG0 z11
                                                                     :ARG0-of (z14 / productive-03)))))))
    :snt2 (z15 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z16 / motivate-01
                          :ARG1 (z17 / person
                                     :ARG1-of (z18 / employ-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z19 / corporation
                                                              :mod (z20 / this)))
                                     :mod (z21 / all
                                               :mod (z22 / almost)))
                          :ARG2 (z23 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 z17
                                     :ARG0-of (z24 / productive-03))
                          :time (z25 / already)))
    :snt3 (z26 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z27 / likely-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z28 / achieve-01
                                     :ARG0 (z29 / use-01
                                                :ARG0 (z30 / corporation
                                                           :mod (z31 / this))
                                                :ARG1 (z32 / poster
                                                           :ARG0-of (z33 / motivate-01)))
                                     :ARG1 (z34 / purpose
                                                :ARG1-of (z35 / intend-01
                                                              :ARG0 z30))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ begin-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ corporation(z2) ∧ :quant(z2, z3) ∧ many(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ decorate-01(z4) ∧ :ARG0(z4, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ hall(z5) ∧ :poss(z5, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z6) ∧ poster(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z6) ∧ motivate-01(z7) ∧ :purpose(z4, z8) ∧ hope-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ boost-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ motivate-01(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z11) ∧ person(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ employ-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z10, z13) ∧ work-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z11) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z13) ∧ productive-03(z14) ∧ :snt2(z0, z15) ∧ have-concession-91(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ motivate-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z17) ∧ employ-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ corporation(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ this(z20) ∧ :mod(z17, z21) ∧ all(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ almost(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z23) ∧ work-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z17) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z23) ∧ productive-03(z24) ∧ :time(z16, z25) ∧ already(z25) ∧ :snt3(z0, z26) ∧ cause-01(z26) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ likely-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ achieve-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ use-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ corporation(z30) ∧ :mod(z30, z31) ∧ this(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z32) ∧ poster(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z32) ∧ motivate-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z34) ∧ purpose(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z34) ∧ intend-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z30))


We ought to pay attention only to the intrinsic properties of a work of art. Its other, extrinsic properties are irrelevant to our aesthetic interactions with it. For example, when we look at a painting we should consider only what is directly presented in our experience of it. What is really aesthetically relevant, ttherefore, is not what a painting symbolizes, but what it directly presents to experience.

Question: The conclusion follows logically if which one of the following is added to the premises?

Choices:
- There are certain properties of our experiences of artworks that can be distinguished as symbolic properties.
- Only an artwork's intrinsic properties are relevant to our aesthetic interactions with it.
- It is possible in theory for an artwork to symbolize nothing.
- What an artwork symbolizes involves only extrinsic properties of that work.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / recommend-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / attend-02
                        :ARG0 (z3 / we)
                        :ARG1 (z4 / property
                                  :mod (z5 / intrinsic)
                                  :poss (z6 / work-of-art))
                        :mod (z7 / only))
              :ARG2 z3)
    :snt2 (z8 / relevant-01
              :polarity -
              :ARG1 (z9 / property
                        :mod (z10 / extrisal)
                        :poss (z11 / it)
                        :mod (z12 / other))
              :ARG2 (z13 / interact-01
                         :ARG0 (z14 / we)
                         :ARG1 z11
                         :mod (z15 / aesthetic)))
    :snt3 (z16 / exemplify-01
               :ARG0 (z17 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z18 / consider-02
                                     :ARG0 (z19 / we)
                                     :ARG1 (z20 / thing
                                                :ARG1-of (z21 / present-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z22 / experience-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z19
                                                                         :ARG1 (z23 / it))
                                                              :ARG1-of (z24 / direct-02))
                                                :mod (z25 / only))
                                     :time (z26 / look-01
                                                :ARG0 z19
                                                :ARG1 z23))))
    :snt4 (z27 / relevant-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z28 / property
                          :mod (z29 / extrisal)
                          :poss (z30 / it)
                          :mod (z31 / other))
               :ARG2 (z32 / interact-01
                          :ARG0 (z33 / we)
                          :ARG1 z30
                          :mod (z34 / aesthetic)))
    :snt5 (z35 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z36 / relevant-01
                          :ARG1 (z37 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z38 / mean-01
                                                   :polarity -
                                                   :ARG2 (z39 / thing
                                                              :ARG1-of (z40 / symbolize-01
                                                                            :ARG2 (z41 / paint-02)))))
                          :ARG2 (z42 / aesthetical)
                          :ARG1-of (z43 / real-04)
                          :ARG1-of (z44 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z45 / contrast-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z46 / thing
                                                              :ARG1-of (z47 / symbolize-01
                                                                            :polarity -
                                                                            :ARG2 z41))
                                                   :ARG2 (z48 / thing
                                                              :ARG1-of (z49 / present-01
                                                                            :ARG0 z41
                                                                            :ARG2 (z50 / experience-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z41)
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z51 / direct-02)))))))
    :snt6 (z52 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z53 / consider-02
                          :ARG0 z19
                          :ARG1 (z54 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z55 / present-01
                                                   :ARG0 z41
                                                   :ARG2 z50
                                                   :ARG1-of (z56 / direct-02)))
                          :time (z57 / look-01
                                     :ARG0 z19
                                     :ARG1 (z58 / picture))))
    :snt7 (z59 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z60 / relevant-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z61 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z62 / symbolize-01
                                                   :ARG2 z41))
                          :ARG2 (z63 / thing
                                     :ARG1-of (z64 / present-01
                                                   :ARG0 z41
                                                   :ARG2 z50
                                                   :ARG1-of (z65 / direct-02)))
                          :mod (z66 / aesthetical)
                          :ARG1-of (z67 / real-04)))
    :snt8 (z68 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z69 / attend-02
                          :ARG0 (z70 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z71 / property
                                     :mod (z72 / intrinsic)
                                     :poss (z73 / work-of-art)))
               :ARG2 (z74 / attend-02
                          :ARG0 z70
                          :ARG1 (z75 / property
                                     :mod (z76 / other)
                                     :poss z73))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ recommend-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ attend-02(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ we(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z4) ∧ property(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z5) ∧ intrinsic(z5) ∧ :poss(z4, z6) ∧ work-of-art(z6) ∧ :mod(z2, z7) ∧ only(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z3) ∧ ¬(:snt2(z0, z8) ∧ relevant-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ property(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ extrisal(z10) ∧ :poss(z9, z11) ∧ it(z11) ∧ :mod(z9, z12) ∧ other(z12) ∧ :ARG2(z8, z13) ∧ interact-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z14) ∧ we(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z11) ∧ :mod(z13, z15) ∧ aesthetic(z15)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z16) ∧ exemplify-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ recommend-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z18) ∧ consider-02(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ we(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z20) ∧ thing(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ present-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ experience-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ it(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z21) ∧ direct-02(z24) ∧ :mod(z20, z25) ∧ only(z25) ∧ :time(z18, z26) ∧ look-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z23) ∧ ¬(:snt4(z0, z27) ∧ relevant-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ property(z28) ∧ :mod(z28, z29) ∧ extrisal(z29) ∧ :poss(z28, z30) ∧ it(z30) ∧ :mod(z28, z31) ∧ other(z31) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z32) ∧ interact-01(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ we(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z30) ∧ :mod(z32, z34) ∧ aesthetic(z34)) ∧ :snt5(z0, z35) ∧ cause-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ relevant-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ thing(z37) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ mean-01(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z38, z39) ∧ thing(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z39) ∧ symbolize-01(z40) ∧ :ARG2(z40, z41) ∧ paint-02(z41)) ∧ :ARG2(z36, z42) ∧ aesthetical(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z36) ∧ real-04(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z36) ∧ cause-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z45) ∧ contrast-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ thing(z46) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z47, z46) ∧ symbolize-01(z47) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z41)) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z48) ∧ thing(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z49, z48) ∧ present-01(z49) ∧ :ARG0(z49, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z49, z50) ∧ experience-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z41) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z49) ∧ direct-02(z51) ∧ :snt6(z0, z52) ∧ recommend-01(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z53) ∧ consider-02(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z53, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ thing(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z54) ∧ present-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z50) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z55) ∧ direct-02(z56) ∧ :time(z53, z57) ∧ look-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z19) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ picture(z58) ∧ :snt7(z0, z59) ∧ have-concession-91(z59) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ relevant-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ thing(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z61) ∧ symbolize-01(z62) ∧ :ARG2(z62, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z63) ∧ thing(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z63) ∧ present-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z64, z50) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z64) ∧ direct-02(z65) ∧ :mod(z60, z66) ∧ aesthetical(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z60) ∧ real-04(z67)) ∧ :snt8(z0, z68) ∧ recommend-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ attend-02(z69) ∧ :ARG0(z69, z70) ∧ we(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z71) ∧ property(z71) ∧ :mod(z71, z72) ∧ intrinsic(z72) ∧ :poss(z71, z73) ∧ work-of-art(z73) ∧ :ARG2(z68, z74) ∧ attend-02(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z70) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z75) ∧ property(z75) ∧ :mod(z75, z76) ∧ other(z76) ∧ :poss(z75, z73)


When people experience throbbing in their teeth or gums, they have serious dental problems, and if a dental problem is serious, it will be a problem either of tooth decay or of gum disease. Ttherefore, since throbbing in the teeth or gums is a sign of serious dental problems, and neither Sabina' s teeth nor her gums are throbbing, Sabina can be suffering from neither tooth decay nor gum disease.

Question: Which one of the following contains an error of reasoning most similar to that made in the argument above?

Choices:
- Someone who is neither an ophthalmologist nor an optometrist lacks specialized training for diagnosing defects of the eye. Ttherefore, Kim must have been trained in ophthalmology or optometry, given that she accurately diagnosed John's eye defect.
- A legally practicing psychiatrist must have both a medical degree and psychiatric training. Thus, since Emmett has not undergone psychiatric training, if he is practicing as a psychiatrist, he is not doing so legally.
- People who drink a lot of coffee are said to have jittery nerves. Ttherefore, medical students who drink a lot of coffee should not become neonatologists or surgeons since neither neonatology nor surgery should be practiced by people with jittery nerves.
- If a person is interested in either physics or chemistry, then that person would be wise to consider a career in medicine. Yolanda, however, is interested in neither physics nor chemistry, so it would not be wise for her to consider a career in medicine.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / have-03
                       :ARG0 (z3 / person)
                       :ARG1 (z4 / problem
                                 :topic (z5 / tooth)
                                 :ARG1-of (z6 / serious-02))
                       :time (z7 / experience-01
                                 :ARG0 z3
                                 :ARG1 (z8 / throb-01
                                           :ARG1 (z9 / or
                                                     :op1 (z10 / tooth
                                                               :part-of z3)
                                                     :op2 (z11 / gum
                                                               :part-of z3)))))
              :op2 (z12 / have-condition-91
                        :ARG1 (z13 / problem
                                   :topic (z14 / disease
                                               :mod (z15 / gum))
                                   :domain (z16 / or
                                                :op1 (z17 / decay-01
                                                          :ARG0 (z18 / tooth))
                                                :op2 (z19 / disease
                                                          :mod (z20 / gum))))
                        :ARG2 (z21 / serious-02
                                   :ARG1 (z22 / problem
                                              :topic (z23 / tooth)))))
    :snt2 (z24 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z25 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z26 / suffer-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 (z27 / person
                                                :wiki -
                                                :name (z28 / name
                                                           :op1 "Sabina"))
                                     :ARG1 (z29 / and
                                                :op1 (z30 / decay-01
                                                          :ARG0 (z31 / tooth))
                                                :op2 (z32 / disease
                                                          :mod (z33 / gum))))
                          :ARG1-of (z34 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z35 / and
                                                   :op1 (z36 / signal-07
                                                             :ARG1 (z37 / throb-01
                                                                        :ARG1 (z38 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z39 / tooth
                                                                                :part-of z27)
                                                                                :op2 (z40 / gum
                                                                                :part-of z27)))
                                                             :ARG2 (z41 / serious-02
                                                                        :ARG1 (z42 / problem
                                                                                :topic (z43 / tooth))))
                                                   :op2 (z44 / throb-01
                                                             :polarity -
                                                             :ARG1 (z45 / or
                                                                        :op1 (z46 / tooth
                                                                                :part-of z27)
                                                                        :op2 (z47 / gum
                                                                                :part-of z27))))))
               :snt3 (z48 / cause-01
                          :ARG1 (z49 / and
                                     :op1 (z50 / signal-07
                                               :ARG0 (z51 / throb-01
                                                          :ARG1 (z52 / tooth
                                                                     :part-of z27))
                                               :ARG1 (z53 / serious-02
                                                          :ARG1 (z54 / problem
                                                                     :topic (z55 / tooth))))
                                     :op2 (z56 / throb-01
                                               :polarity -
                                               :ARG1 (z57 / and
                                                          :op1 (z58 / tooth
                                                                    :part-of (z59 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z60 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Sabina")))
                                                          :op2 (z61 / gum
                                                                    :part-of z59)))))
               :snt4 (z62 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z63 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z64 / suffer-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG0 (z65 / person)
                                                :ARG1 (z66 / and
                                                           :op1 (z67 / decay-01
                                                                     :ARG0 (z68 / tooth))
                                                           :op2 (z69 / disease
                                                                     :mod (z70 / gum)))))
                          :ARG2 (z71 / and
                                     :op1 (z72 / spring-up-02
                                               :ARG1 (z73 / tooth
                                                          :part-of (z74 / person)))
                                     :op2 (z75 / spring-up-02
                                               :ARG1 (z76 / gum
                                                          :part-of z74))))
               :snt5 (z77 / cause-01
                          :ARG1 (z78 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z79 / suffer-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG0 (z80 / person
                                                           :wiki -
                                                           :name (z81 / name
                                                                      :op1 "Sabina"))
                                                :ARG1 (z82 / and
                                                           :op1 (z83 / decay-01
                                                                     :ARG0 (z84 / tooth
                                                                                :part-of z74))
                                                           :op2 (z85 / disease
                                                                     :mod (z86 / gum))))))
               :snt6 (z87 / cause-01
                          :ARG1 (z88 / cause-01
                                     :ARG1 (z89 / possible-01
                                                :ARG1 (z90 / suffer-01
                                                           :polarity -
                                                           :ARG0 (z91 / person
                                                                      :wiki -
                                                                      :name (z92 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Sabina"))
                                                           :ARG1 (z93 / and
                                                                      :op1 (z94 / decay-01
                                                                                :ARG0 (z95 / tooth))
                                                                      :op2 (z96 / disease
                                                                                :mod (z97 / gum)))))))
               :snt7 (z98 / and
                          :op1 (z99 / spring-up-02
                                    :ARG1 (z100 / tooth
                                                :part-of (z101 / gum
                                                               :part-of z74)))
                          :op2 (z102 / spring-up-02
                                     :ARG1 (z103 / tooth
                                                 :part-of (z104 / gums
                                                                :part-of z74))))
               :snt8 (z105 / cause-01
                           :ARG1 (z106 / suffer-01
                                       :ARG0 (z107 / person
                                                   :wiki -
                                                   :name (z108 / name
                                                               :op1 "Sabina"))
                                       :ARG1 (z1000 / disease
                                                    :polarity -)))))


Hydrological rhythm refers to the periodic and rhythmic changes of lake water regime. The generalized hydrological rhythm includes diurnal, monthly, seasonal and interannual rhythms. Under normal circumstances, due to the stable climate and underlying surface of the basin, the multi-year average water level of the lake tends to be stable, that is, the normal annual average water level of the lake. Therefore, the interannual rhythm of the lake is characterized by the abrupt change driven by interference factors and the stage stability after adapting to the disturbance, and there is no gradual trend, while the circadian rhythm has a weak effect on the ecosystem. Therefore, narrow hydrologic rhythm especially refers to monthly rhythm and seasonal rhythm.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options involves the narrow hydrological rhythm?

Choices:
- Under the dual influence of continuous decrease of rainfall and decrease of incoming water, the surface area of Poyang Lake continues to shrink
- The average annual water temperature of Hongze Lake is 16.3  degree. The highest water temperature is in September and the lowest water temperature is in January
- The annual precipitation of Dongting Lake was 1560 mm last year, of which the precipitation from April to June accounted for about half of the whole year
- The annual average temperature in Chaohu Lake basin is stable at 15 ~ 16  degree. In between, there is a frost-free period of more than 200 days

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / rhythm
                        :mod (z3 / hydrological)
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / generalize-01))
              :ARG1 (z5 / change-01
                        :ARG1 (z6 / regime
                                  :mod (z7 / water)
                                  :poss (z8 / lake))
                        :mod (z9 / periodic)
                        :mod (z10 / rhythm)))
    :snt2 (z11 / include-01
               :ARG1 (z12 / and
                          :op1 (z13 / rhythm
                                    :frequency (z14 / rate-entity-91
                                                    :ARG1 1
                                                    :ARG2 (z15 / temporal-quantity
                                                               :quant 1
                                                               :unit (z16 / year))))
                          :op2 (z17 / rhythm
                                    :frequency (z18 / rate-entity-91
                                                    :ARG1 1
                                                    :ARG2 (z19 / temporal-quantity
                                                               :quant 1
                                                               :unit (z20 / year))))
                          :op3 (z21 / rhythm
                                    :frequency (z22 / rate-entity-91
                                                    :ARG1 1
                                                    :ARG2 (z23 / temporal-quantity
                                                               :quant 1
                                                               :unit (z24 / year)))
                                    :op4 (z25 / rhythm
                                              :frequency (z26 / rate-entity-91
                                                              :ARG1 1
                                                              :ARG2 (z27 / temporal-quantity
                                                                         :quant 1
                                                                         :unit (z28 / month))))
                                    :op5 (z29 / rhythm
                                              :frequency (z30 / interannual)))
                          :ARG2 (z31 / rhythm
                                     :mod (z32 / hydrological)
                                     :ARG1-of (z33 / characterize-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z34 / and
                                                              :op1 (z35 / change-01
                                                                        :mod (z36 / abrupt)
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z37 / drive-02
                                                                                :ARG0 (z38 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z39 / factor
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z40 / interfere-01))
                                                                                :op2 (z41 / stable-03
                                                                                :ARG1 (z42 / stage)
                                                                                :time (z43 / after
                                                                                :op1 (z44 / adapt-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z45 / disturb-01)))))))
                                                              :op2 (z46 / trend
                                                                        :polarity -
                                                                        :mod (z47 / gradual))
                                                              :op3 (z48 / affect-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z49 / rhythm
                                                                                :mod (z50 / chronobiology))
                                                                        :ARG1 (z51 / ecosystem)
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z52 / weak-02))))))
               :snt3 (z53 / cause-01
                          :ARG1 (z54 / refer-01
                                     :ARG0 (z55 / rhythm
                                                :mod (z56 / hydrological)
                                                :ARG1-of (z57 / narrow-02))
                                     :ARG1 (z58 / and
                                                :op1 (z59 / rhythm
                                                          :frequency (z60 / rate-entity-91
                                                                          :ARG1 1
                                                                          :ARG2 (z61 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z62 / month))))
                                                :op2 (z63 / rhythm
                                                          :frequency (z64 / rate-entity-91
                                                                          :ARG1 1
                                                                          :ARG2 (z65 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z66 / season))))
                                                :mod (z67 / especially)))
                          :snt4 (z68 / tend-02
                                     :ARG1 (z69 / level
                                                :mod (z70 / water)
                                                :ARG1-of (z71 / average-01)
                                                :ARG1-of (z72 / mean-01
                                                              :ARG2 (z73 / level
                                                                         :mod (z74 / water)
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z75 / normal-02)
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z76 / average-01)
                                                                         :poss (z77 / lake)
                                                                         :frequency (z78 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG3 (z79 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z80 / year))))))
                                     :ARG2 (z81 / stable-03
                                                :ARG1 z69)
                                     :ARG1-of (z82 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z83 / and
                                                              :op1 (z84 / climate
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z85 / stable-03))
                                                              :op2 (z86 / surface
                                                                        :ARG0-of (z87 / underlie-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z88 / basin)))))
                                     :snt6 (z89 / tend-02
                                                :ARG1 (z90 / level
                                                           :mod (z91 / water)
                                                           :ARG1-of (z92 / average-01)
                                                           :ARG1-of (z93 / normal-02)
                                                           :poss z77))
                                     :snt7 (z94 / cause-01
                                                :ARG0 (z95 / and
                                                           :op1 (z96 / climate
                                                                     :ARG1-of (z97 / stable-03))
                                                           :op2 (z98 / surface
                                                                     :ARG0-of (z99 / underlie-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z100 / basin))))))
                          :snt8 (z101 / cause-01
                                      :ARG0 (z102 / and
                                                  :op1 (z1000 / climate
                                                              :ARG1-of (z1001 / stable-03)))
                                      :op2 (z1002 / stability
                                                  :domain (z1003 / stage)
                                                  :time (z1004 / after
                                                               :op1 (z1005 / adapt-01
                                                                           :ARG2 (z1006 / disturb-01))))))
               :snt9 (z1007 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z1008 / circumstance
                                         :ARG1-of (z1009 / normal-02))
                            :ARG1 (z1010 / tend-02
                                         :ARG1 (z1011 / level
                                                      :mod (z1012 / water)
                                                      :ARG1-of (z1013 / stable-03)
                                                      :ARG1-of (z1014 / average-01)
                                                      :ARG1-of (z1015 / mean-01
                                                                      :ARG2 z77))))
               :snt10 (z1016 / tend-02
                             :ARG1 (z1017 / level
                                          :mod (z1018 / water)
                                          :ARG1-of (z1019 / average-01)
                                          :ARG1-of (z1020 / rate-entity-91
                                                          :ARG3 (z103 / temporal-quantity
                                                                      :quant 1
                                                                      :unit (z1021 / year)))
                                          :ARG1-of (z1022 / normal-02))
                             :ARG1-of (z1023 / mean-01
                                             :ARG2 (z1024 / level
                                                          :mod (z1025 / water)
                                                          :ARG1-of (z1026 / average-01)
                                                          :ARG1-of (z1027 / rate-entity-91
                                                                          :ARG3 (z1028 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z1029 / year)))))
                             :ARG1-of (z1030 / stable-03)))
    :snt11 (z1031 / cause-01
                  :ARG1 (z1032 / characterize-01
                               :ARG0 (z1033 / rhythm
                                            :mod (z1034 / hydrological)
                                            :ARG1-of (z1035 / mean-01
                                                            :ARG2 (z1036 / and
                                                                         :op1 (z1037 / rhythm
                                                                                :frequency (z1038 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG1 1
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1039 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z1040 / month))))
                                                                         :op2 (z1041 / rhythm
                                                                                :frequency (z1042 / season)))
                                                            :op3 (z104 / rhythm
                                                                       :frequency (z105 / interannual)))))
                  :ARG1 (z106 / and
                              :op1 (z1043 / rhythm
                                          :mod (z1044 / diurnal))
                              :op2 (z1045 / rhythm
                                          :mod (z1046 / rate-entity-91
                                                      :ARG1 1
                                                      :ARG2 (z107 / temporal-quantity
                                                                  :quant 1
                                                                  :unit (z1047 / month))))
                              :op3 (z1048 / rhythm
                                          :mod (z1049 / season)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ rhythm(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ hydrological(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z2) ∧ generalize-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ change-01(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z6) ∧ regime(z6) ∧ :mod(z6, z7) ∧ water(z7) ∧ :poss(z6, z8) ∧ lake(z8) ∧ :mod(z5, z9) ∧ periodic(z9) ∧ :mod(z5, z10) ∧ rhythm(z10) ∧ :snt2(z0, z11) ∧ include-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ and(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ rhythm(z13) ∧ :frequency(z13, z14) ∧ rate-entity-91(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ temporal-quantity(z15) ∧ :quant(z15, 1) ∧ :unit(z15, z16) ∧ year(z16) ∧ :op2(z12, z17) ∧ rhythm(z17) ∧ :frequency(z17, z18) ∧ rate-entity-91(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z19) ∧ temporal-quantity(z19) ∧ :quant(z19, 1) ∧ :unit(z19, z20) ∧ year(z20) ∧ :op3(z12, z21) ∧ rhythm(z21) ∧ :frequency(z21, z22) ∧ rate-entity-91(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z23) ∧ temporal-quantity(z23) ∧ :quant(z23, 1) ∧ :unit(z23, z24) ∧ year(z24) ∧ :op4(z21, z25) ∧ rhythm(z25) ∧ :frequency(z25, z26) ∧ rate-entity-91(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z27) ∧ temporal-quantity(z27) ∧ :quant(z27, 1) ∧ :unit(z27, z28) ∧ month(z28) ∧ :op5(z21, z29) ∧ rhythm(z29) ∧ :frequency(z29, z30) ∧ interannual(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z31) ∧ rhythm(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ hydrological(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z31) ∧ characterize-01(z33) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ and(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, z35) ∧ change-01(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ abrupt(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z35) ∧ drive-02(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z37, z38) ∧ and(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, z39) ∧ factor(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z39) ∧ interfere-01(z40) ∧ :op2(z38, z41) ∧ stable-03(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ stage(z42) ∧ :time(z41, z43) ∧ after(z43) ∧ :op1(z43, z44) ∧ adapt-01(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z45) ∧ disturb-01(z45) ∧ ¬(:op2(z34, z46) ∧ trend(z46) ∧ :mod(z46, z47) ∧ gradual(z47)) ∧ :op3(z34, z48) ∧ affect-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z49) ∧ rhythm(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ chronobiology(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z51) ∧ ecosystem(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z52, z48) ∧ weak-02(z52) ∧ :snt3(z11, z53) ∧ cause-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z54) ∧ refer-01(z54) ∧ :ARG0(z54, z55) ∧ rhythm(z55) ∧ :mod(z55, z56) ∧ hydrological(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z55) ∧ narrow-02(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z58) ∧ and(z58) ∧ :op1(z58, z59) ∧ rhythm(z59) ∧ :frequency(z59, z60) ∧ rate-entity-91(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z60, z61) ∧ temporal-quantity(z61) ∧ :quant(z61, 1) ∧ :unit(z61, z62) ∧ month(z62) ∧ :op2(z58, z63) ∧ rhythm(z63) ∧ :frequency(z63, z64) ∧ rate-entity-91(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z64, z65) ∧ temporal-quantity(z65) ∧ :quant(z65, 1) ∧ :unit(z65, z66) ∧ season(z66) ∧ :mod(z58, z67) ∧ especially(z67) ∧ :snt4(z53, z68) ∧ tend-02(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ level(z69) ∧ :mod(z69, z70) ∧ water(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z69) ∧ average-01(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z69) ∧ mean-01(z72) ∧ :ARG2(z72, z73) ∧ level(z73) ∧ :mod(z73, z74) ∧ water(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z73) ∧ normal-02(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z73) ∧ average-01(z76) ∧ :poss(z73, z77) ∧ lake(z77) ∧ :frequency(z73, z78) ∧ rate-entity-91(z78) ∧ :ARG3(z78, z79) ∧ temporal-quantity(z79) ∧ :quant(z79, 1) ∧ :unit(z79, z80) ∧ year(z80) ∧ :ARG2(z68, z81) ∧ stable-03(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z69) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z68) ∧ cause-01(z82) ∧ :ARG0(z82, z83) ∧ and(z83) ∧ :op1(z83, z84) ∧ climate(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z84) ∧ stable-03(z85) ∧ :op2(z83, z86) ∧ surface(z86) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z86) ∧ underlie-01(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z88) ∧ basin(z88) ∧ :snt6(z68, z89) ∧ tend-02(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ level(z90) ∧ :mod(z90, z91) ∧ water(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z90) ∧ average-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z90) ∧ normal-02(z93) ∧ :poss(z90, z77) ∧ :snt7(z68, z94) ∧ cause-01(z94) ∧ :ARG0(z94, z95) ∧ and(z95) ∧ :op1(z95, z96) ∧ climate(z96) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z96) ∧ stable-03(z97) ∧ :op2(z95, z98) ∧ surface(z98) ∧ :ARG0(z99, z98) ∧ underlie-01(z99) ∧ :ARG1(z99, z100) ∧ basin(z100) ∧ :snt8(z53, z101) ∧ cause-01(z101) ∧ :ARG0(z101, z102) ∧ and(z102) ∧ :op1(z102, z1000) ∧ climate(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z1000) ∧ stable-03(z1001) ∧ :op2(z101, z1002) ∧ stability(z1002) ∧ :domain(z1002, z1003) ∧ stage(z1003) ∧ :time(z1002, z1004) ∧ after(z1004) ∧ :op1(z1004, z1005) ∧ adapt-01(z1005) ∧ :ARG2(z1005, z1006) ∧ disturb-01(z1006) ∧ :snt9(z11, z1007) ∧ cause-01(z1007) ∧ :ARG0(z1007, z1008) ∧ circumstance(z1008) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1008) ∧ normal-02(z1009) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1010) ∧ tend-02(z1010) ∧ :ARG1(z1010, z1011) ∧ level(z1011) ∧ :mod(z1011, z1012) ∧ water(z1012) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z1011) ∧ stable-03(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1011) ∧ average-01(z1014) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z1011) ∧ mean-01(z1015) ∧ :ARG2(z1015, z77) ∧ :snt10(z11, z1016) ∧ tend-02(z1016) ∧ :ARG1(z1016, z1017) ∧ level(z1017) ∧ :mod(z1017, z1018) ∧ water(z1018) ∧ :ARG1(z1019, z1017) ∧ average-01(z1019) ∧ :ARG1(z1020, z1017) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1020) ∧ :ARG3(z1020, z103) ∧ temporal-quantity(z103) ∧ :quant(z103, 1) ∧ :unit(z103, z1021) ∧ year(z1021) ∧ :ARG1(z1022, z1017) ∧ normal-02(z1022) ∧ :ARG1(z1023, z1016) ∧ mean-01(z1023) ∧ :ARG2(z1023, z1024) ∧ level(z1024) ∧ :mod(z1024, z1025) ∧ water(z1025) ∧ :ARG1(z1026, z1024) ∧ average-01(z1026) ∧ :ARG1(z1027, z1024) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1027) ∧ :ARG3(z1027, z1028) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1028) ∧ :quant(z1028, 1) ∧ :unit(z1028, z1029) ∧ year(z1029) ∧ :ARG1(z1030, z1016) ∧ stable-03(z1030) ∧ :snt11(z0, z1031) ∧ cause-01(z1031) ∧ :ARG1(z1031, z1032) ∧ characterize-01(z1032) ∧ :ARG0(z1032, z1033) ∧ rhythm(z1033) ∧ :mod(z1033, z1034) ∧ hydrological(z1034) ∧ :ARG1(z1035, z1033) ∧ mean-01(z1035) ∧ :ARG2(z1035, z1036) ∧ and(z1036) ∧ :op1(z1036, z1037) ∧ rhythm(z1037) ∧ :frequency(z1037, z1038) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1038) ∧ :ARG1(z1038, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z1038, z1039) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1039) ∧ :quant(z1039, 1) ∧ :unit(z1039, z1040) ∧ month(z1040) ∧ :op2(z1036, z1041) ∧ rhythm(z1041) ∧ :frequency(z1041, z1042) ∧ season(z1042) ∧ :op3(z1035, z104) ∧ rhythm(z104) ∧ :frequency(z104, z105) ∧ interannual(z105) ∧ :ARG1(z1031, z106) ∧ and(z106) ∧ :op1(z106, z1043) ∧ rhythm(z1043) ∧ :mod(z1043, z1044) ∧ diurnal(z1044) ∧ :op2(z106, z1045) ∧ rhythm(z1045) ∧ :mod(z1045, z1046) ∧ rate-entity-91(z1046) ∧ :ARG1(z1046, 1) ∧ :ARG2(z1046, z107) ∧ temporal-quantity(z107) ∧ :quant(z107, 1) ∧ :unit(z107, z1047) ∧ month(z1047) ∧ :op3(z106, z1048) ∧ rhythm(z1048) ∧ :mod(z1048, z1049) ∧ season(z1049)


Newspaper editor: Law enforcement experts, as well as most citizens, have finally come to recognize that legal prohibitions against gambling all share a common flaw: no matter how diligent the effort, the laws are impossible to enforce. Ethical qualms notwithstanding, when a law fails to be effective, it should not be a law. That is why there should be no legal prohibition against gambling.

Question: Which one of the following, if assumed, allows the argument's conclusion to be properly drawn?

Choices:
- Most citizens must agree with a law for the law to be enforceable.
- No effective law is unenforceable.
- No legal prohibitions against gambling are enforceable.
- Most citizens must agree with a law for the law to be effective.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z3 / have-org-role-91
                                     :ARG1 (z4 / newspaper)
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / editor)))
              :ARG1 (z6 / come-04
                        :ARG1 (z7 / and
                                  :op1 (z8 / person
                                           :ARG1-of (z9 / expert-01
                                                        :ARG2 (z10 / enforce-01
                                                                   :ARG1 (z11 / law))))
                                  :op2 (z12 / citizen
                                            :quant (z13 / most)))
                        :ARG2 (z14 / recognize-02
                                   :ARG0 z7
                                   :ARG1 (z15 / share-01
                                              :ARG0 (z16 / prohibit-01
                                                         :ARG1 (z17 / gamble-01)
                                                         :ARG1-of (z18 / legal-02)
                                                         :mod (z19 / all))
                                              :ARG1 (z20 / flaw-01
                                                         :mod (z21 / common)
                                                         :ARG1-of (z22 / regardless-91
                                                                       :ARG2 (z23 / thing
                                                                                :degree-of (z24 / diligent
                                                                                :manner-of (z25 / effort-01))))
                                                         :ARG0-of (z26 / cause-01
                                                                       :ARG1 (z27 / possible-01
                                                                                :polarity -
                                                                                :ARG1 (z28 / enforce-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z29 / law)))))))
                        :time (z30 / final)))
    :snt2 (z31 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z32 / i)
               :ARG1 (z33 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z34 / law
                                     :polarity -
                                     :condition (z35 / fail-01
                                                     :ARG1 (z36 / law)
                                                     :ARG2 (z37 / effective-04
                                                                :ARG0 z36)))
                          :ARG1-of (z38 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z39 / that)))
               :ARG2 (z40 / recommend-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z41 / prohibit-01
                                     :ARG1 (z42 / gamble-01)
                                     :ARG1-of (z43 / legal-02))))
    :snt3 (z44 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z45 / person
                          :ARG0-of (z46 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z47 / editor)))
               :ARG1 (z48 / come-02
                          :ARG0 (z49 / and
                                     :op1 (z50 / person)
                                     :op2 (z51 / citizen
                                               :quant (z52 / most)))
                          :ARG1 (z53 / recognize-02
                                     :ARG0 z49
                                     :ARG1 (z54 / share-01
                                                :ARG0 (z55 / prohibit-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z56 / gamble-01)
                                                           :ARG1-of (z57 / legal-02)
                                                           :mod (z58 / all))
                                                :ARG1 (z59 / flaw-01
                                                           :mod (z60 / common))))))
    :snt4 (z61 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z62 / i)
               :ARG1 (z63 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z64 / law
                                     :polarity -
                                     :domain (z65 / law)
                                     :time (z66 / fail-01
                                                :ARG1 (z67 / law)
                                                :ARG2 (z68 / effective-04
                                                           :ARG0 z67)))
                          :condition (z69 / have-concession-91
                                          :ARG1 (z70 / qualm
                                                     :mod (z71 / ethics))
                                          :ARG2 (z72 / moral))))
    :snt5 (z73 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z74 / prohibit-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z75 / gamble-01)
                          :ARG1-of (z76 / legal-02))))