It is highly likely that Claudette is a classical pianist. Like most classical pianists, Claudette recognizes many of Clara Schumann' s works. The vast majority of people who are not classical pianists do not. In fact, many people who are not classical pianists have not even heard of Clara Schumann.

Question: The reasoning in the argument above is flawed in that it

Choices:
- presumes, without providing justification, that people who have not heard of Clara Schumann do not recognize her works
- presumes, without providing justification, that classical pianists cannot also play other musical instruments
- relies for its plausibility on the vagueness of the term classical
- ignores the possibility that the majority of people who recognize many of Clara Schumann's works are not classical pianists

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / likely-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / have-org-role-91
                        :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                  :wiki -
                                  :name (z4 / name
                                            :op1 "Claudette"))
                        :ARG2 (z5 / pianist
                                  :mod (z6 / classical)))
              :degree (z7 / high-02))
    :snt2 (z8 / recognize-01
              :ARG0 (z9 / person
                        :wiki -
                        :name (z10 / name
                                   :op1 "Claudette"))
              :ARG1 (z11 / thing
                         :ARG1-of (z12 / work-12
                                       :ARG0 (z13 / person
                                                  :wiki "Clara_Schumann"
                                                  :name (z14 / name
                                                             :op1 "Clara"
                                                             :op2 "Schumann")))
                         :quant (z15 / many))
              :ARG1-of (z16 / resemble-01
                            :ARG2 (z17 / person
                                       :mod (z18 / classical)
                                       :mod (z19 / most)
                                       :ARG0-of (z20 / have-org-role-91
                                                     :ARG2 (z21 / pianist
                                                                :mod z6)))))
    :snt3 (z22 / do-02
               :polarity -
               :ARG0 (z23 / person
                          :quant (z24 / majority
                                      :mod (z25 / vast))
                          :ARG0-of (z26 / have-org-role-91
                                        :polarity -
                                        :ARG2 (z27 / pianist
                                                   :mod (z28 / classical)))))
    :snt4 (z29 / hear-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG0 (z30 / person
                          :quant (z31 / many)
                          :ARG0-of (z32 / have-org-role-91
                                        :polarity -
                                        :ARG2 (z33 / pianist
                                                   :mod (z34 / classical))))
               :ARG1 (z35 / person
                          :wiki "Clara_Schumann"
                          :name (z36 / name
                                     :op1 "Clara"
                                     :op2 "Schumann"))
               :mod (z37 / even)
               :mod (z38 / in-fact))
    :snt5 (z39 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z40 / hear-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z41 / person
                                     :quant (z42 / many)
                                     :ARG0-of (z43 / have-org-role-91
                                                   :polarity -
                                                   :ARG2 (z44 / pianist
                                                              :mod (z45 / classical))))
                          :ARG1 z35
                          :mod (z46 / even))
               :ARG2 (z47 / age-01
                          :ARG1 z41
                          :ARG2 (z48 / temporal-quantity
                                     :quant 1
                                     :unit (z49 / day))
                          :time-of (z50 / stop-01
                                        :ARG1 z41))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ likely-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ have-org-role-91(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :wiki(z3, -) ∧ :name(z3, z4) ∧ name(z4) ∧ :op1(z4, "Claudette") ∧ :ARG2(z2, z5) ∧ pianist(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ classical(z6) ∧ :degree(z1, z7) ∧ high-02(z7) ∧ :snt2(z0, z8) ∧ recognize-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ person(z9) ∧ :wiki(z9, -) ∧ :name(z9, z10) ∧ name(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, "Claudette") ∧ :ARG1(z8, z11) ∧ thing(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ work-12(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ person(z13) ∧ :wiki(z13, "Clara_Schumann") ∧ :name(z13, z14) ∧ name(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, "Clara") ∧ :op2(z14, "Schumann") ∧ :quant(z11, z15) ∧ many(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z8) ∧ resemble-01(z16) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z17) ∧ person(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ classical(z18) ∧ :mod(z17, z19) ∧ most(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z17) ∧ have-org-role-91(z20) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z21) ∧ pianist(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z6) ∧ ¬(:snt3(z0, z22) ∧ do-02(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ person(z23) ∧ :quant(z23, z24) ∧ majority(z24) ∧ :mod(z24, z25) ∧ vast(z25) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z26, z23) ∧ have-org-role-91(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z26, z27) ∧ pianist(z27) ∧ :mod(z27, z28) ∧ classical(z28))) ∧ ¬(:snt4(z0, z29) ∧ hear-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ person(z30) ∧ :quant(z30, z31) ∧ many(z31) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z32, z30) ∧ have-org-role-91(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ pianist(z33) ∧ :mod(z33, z34) ∧ classical(z34)) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z35) ∧ person(z35) ∧ :wiki(z35, "Clara_Schumann") ∧ :name(z35, z36) ∧ name(z36) ∧ :op1(z36, "Clara") ∧ :op2(z36, "Schumann") ∧ :mod(z29, z37) ∧ even(z37) ∧ :mod(z29, z38) ∧ in-fact(z38)) ∧ :snt5(z0, z39) ∧ have-concession-91(z39) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ hear-01(z40) ∧ :ARG0(z40, z41) ∧ person(z41) ∧ :quant(z41, z42) ∧ many(z42) ∧ ¬(:ARG0(z43, z41) ∧ have-org-role-91(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z43, z44) ∧ pianist(z44) ∧ :mod(z44, z45) ∧ classical(z45)) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z35) ∧ :mod(z40, z46) ∧ even(z46)) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z47) ∧ age-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z41) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z48) ∧ temporal-quantity(z48) ∧ :quant(z48, 1) ∧ :unit(z48, z49) ∧ day(z49) ∧ :time(z50, z47) ∧ stop-01(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z41)


A report by American scientists pointed out that the comprehensive value created by the coastal wetland ecosystem per hectare is 4025 dollars per year, which is equivalent to twice the tropical rain forest in the same area, or 13 times that of other forests, 17 times that of grassland, or 44 times that of farmland!

Question: Which of the following is not the correct understanding of value in the sentence?

Choices:
- Coastal wetlands are rich in biodiversity.
- Special ecosystem coastal wetland plays an irreplaceable role in global ecological balance.
- Coastal wetlands have high biological productivity and important coastal protection functions.
- Coastal wetlands can create high national economic value for coastal areas.

(z0 / point-out-02
    :ARG0 (z1 / thing
              :ARG1-of (z2 / report-01
                           :ARG0 (z3 / person
                                     :mod (z4 / country
                                              :wiki "United_States"
                                              :name (z5 / name
                                                        :op1 "America"))
                                     :ARG0-of (z6 / have-org-role-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z7 / scientist)))))
    :ARG1 (z8 / rate-entity-91
              :ARG1 (z9 / monetary-quantity
                        :quant 425
                        :unit (z10 / dollar)
                        :ARG1-of (z11 / equal-01
                                      :ARG2 (z12 / or
                                                 :op1 (z13 / forest
                                                           :quant 2
                                                           :ARG1-of (z14 / rain-01
                                                                         :mod (z15 / tropic))
                                                           :location (z16 / area
                                                                          :ARG1-of (z17 / same-01)))
                                                 :op2 (z18 / forest
                                                           :quant 13
                                                           :ARG1-of (z19 / have-quant-91
                                                                         :ARG3 (z20 / times
                                                                                :quant 1)
                                                                         :ARG4 (z21 / forest
                                                                                :mod (z22 / other))))
                                                 :op3 (z23 / grassland
                                                           :quant 17
                                                           :ARG1-of (z24 / have-quant-91
                                                                         :ARG3 (z25 / times
                                                                                :quant 1)
                                                                         :ARG4 (z26 / grassland)))
                                                 :op4 (z27 / farmland
                                                           :quant 44
                                                           :ARG1-of (z28 / have-quant-91
                                                                         :ARG3 (z29 / times
                                                                                :quant 1)
                                                                         :ARG4 z26))))
                        :ARG2-of (z30 / rate-entity-91
                                      :ARG1 (z31 / monetary-quantity
                                                 :quant 1
                                                 :unit (z32 / dollar))
                                      :ARG3 (z33 / temporal-quantity
                                                 :quant 1
                                                 :unit (z34 / year)))
                        :ARG1-of (z35 / value-01
                                      :ARG1-of (z36 / create-01
                                                    :ARG0 (z37 / ecosystem
                                                               :mod (z38 / wetland
                                                                         :location (z39 / seashore))))
                                      :mod (z40 / comprehensive))
                        :ARG1-of (z41 / rate-entity-91
                                      :ARG2 (z42 / area-quantity
                                                 :quant 1
                                                 :unit (z43 / hectare)))
                        :ARG1-of (z44 / equal-01
                                      :ARG2 (z45 / rate-entity-91
                                                 :ARG1 (z46 / monetary-quantity
                                                            :quant 2
                                                            :unit (z47 / dollar)
                                                            :ARG1-of (z48 / equal-01
                                                                          :ARG2 (z49 / forest
                                                                                :quant 2
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z50 / rain-01
                                                                                :mod (z51 / tropic))
                                                                                :location (z52 / area
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z53 / same-01))))
                                                            :ARG2 (z54 / temporal-quantity
                                                                       :quant 1
                                                                       :unit (z55 / dollar)
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z56 / equal-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z57 / rate-entity-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z58 / forest
                                                                                :quant 13
                                                                                :mod (z59 / forest
                                                                                :mod (z60 / other)))
                                                                                :ARG2 (z61 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z62 / year)))))))))
              :time (z63 / come-forward-19
                         :ARG1 (z64 / report-01
                                    :ARG0 (z65 / person
                                               :mod z4
                                               :ARG0-of (z66 / have-org-role-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z67 / scientist))))))
    :ARG1 (z69 / monetary-quantity
               :quant 4025
               :unit (z70 / dollar)
               :ARG1-of (z71 / rate-entity-91
                             :ARG2 (z72 / temporal-quantity
                                        :quant 1
                                        :unit (z73 / year)))
               :ARG1-of (z74 / equal-01
                             :ARG2 (z75 / rate-entity-91
                                        :ARG1 (z76 / forest
                                                   :ARG1-of (z77 / rain-01
                                                                 :mod (z78 / tropic))
                                                   :location (z79 / area
                                                                  :ARG1-of (z80 / same-01)))
                                        :ARG2 (z81 / temporal-quantity
                                                   :quant 1
                                                   :unit (z82 / year))))
               :ARG2 (z83 / area-quantity
                          :quant 1
                          :unit (z84 / hectare))))

point-out-02(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ thing(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z1) ∧ report-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ person(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ country(z4) ∧ :wiki(z4, "United_States") ∧ :name(z4, z5) ∧ name(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, "America") ∧ :ARG0(z6, z3) ∧ have-org-role-91(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z7) ∧ scientist(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z8) ∧ rate-entity-91(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ monetary-quantity(z9) ∧ :quant(z9, 425) ∧ :unit(z9, z10) ∧ dollar(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z9) ∧ equal-01(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ or(z12) ∧ :op1(z12, z13) ∧ forest(z13) ∧ :quant(z13, 2) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ rain-01(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ tropic(z15) ∧ :location(z13, z16) ∧ area(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z16) ∧ same-01(z17) ∧ :op2(z12, z18) ∧ forest(z18) ∧ :quant(z18, 13) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z18) ∧ have-quant-91(z19) ∧ :ARG3(z19, z20) ∧ times(z20) ∧ :quant(z20, 1) ∧ :ARG4(z19, z21) ∧ forest(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ other(z22) ∧ :op3(z12, z23) ∧ grassland(z23) ∧ :quant(z23, 17) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z23) ∧ have-quant-91(z24) ∧ :ARG3(z24, z25) ∧ times(z25) ∧ :quant(z25, 1) ∧ :ARG4(z24, z26) ∧ grassland(z26) ∧ :op4(z12, z27) ∧ farmland(z27) ∧ :quant(z27, 44) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ have-quant-91(z28) ∧ :ARG3(z28, z29) ∧ times(z29) ∧ :quant(z29, 1) ∧ :ARG4(z28, z26) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z9) ∧ rate-entity-91(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ monetary-quantity(z31) ∧ :quant(z31, 1) ∧ :unit(z31, z32) ∧ dollar(z32) ∧ :ARG3(z30, z33) ∧ temporal-quantity(z33) ∧ :quant(z33, 1) ∧ :unit(z33, z34) ∧ year(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z9) ∧ value-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z35) ∧ create-01(z36) ∧ :ARG0(z36, z37) ∧ ecosystem(z37) ∧ :mod(z37, z38) ∧ wetland(z38) ∧ :location(z38, z39) ∧ seashore(z39) ∧ :mod(z35, z40) ∧ comprehensive(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z9) ∧ rate-entity-91(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ area-quantity(z42) ∧ :quant(z42, 1) ∧ :unit(z42, z43) ∧ hectare(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z9) ∧ equal-01(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z45) ∧ rate-entity-91(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ monetary-quantity(z46) ∧ :quant(z46, 2) ∧ :unit(z46, z47) ∧ dollar(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z46) ∧ equal-01(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z49) ∧ forest(z49) ∧ :quant(z49, 2) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z49) ∧ rain-01(z50) ∧ :mod(z50, z51) ∧ tropic(z51) ∧ :location(z49, z52) ∧ area(z52) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z52) ∧ same-01(z53) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z54) ∧ temporal-quantity(z54) ∧ :quant(z54, 1) ∧ :unit(z54, z55) ∧ dollar(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z54) ∧ equal-01(z56) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z57) ∧ rate-entity-91(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ forest(z58) ∧ :quant(z58, 13) ∧ :mod(z58, z59) ∧ forest(z59) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ other(z60) ∧ :ARG2(z57, z61) ∧ temporal-quantity(z61) ∧ :quant(z61, 1) ∧ :unit(z61, z62) ∧ year(z62) ∧ :time(z8, z63) ∧ come-forward-19(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ report-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ person(z65) ∧ :mod(z65, z4) ∧ :ARG0(z66, z65) ∧ have-org-role-91(z66) ∧ :ARG2(z66, z67) ∧ scientist(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z69) ∧ monetary-quantity(z69) ∧ :quant(z69, 4025) ∧ :unit(z69, z70) ∧ dollar(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z69) ∧ rate-entity-91(z71) ∧ :ARG2(z71, z72) ∧ temporal-quantity(z72) ∧ :quant(z72, 1) ∧ :unit(z72, z73) ∧ year(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z69) ∧ equal-01(z74) ∧ :ARG2(z74, z75) ∧ rate-entity-91(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ forest(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z76) ∧ rain-01(z77) ∧ :mod(z77, z78) ∧ tropic(z78) ∧ :location(z76, z79) ∧ area(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z79) ∧ same-01(z80) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z81) ∧ temporal-quantity(z81) ∧ :quant(z81, 1) ∧ :unit(z81, z82) ∧ year(z82) ∧ :ARG2(z69, z83) ∧ area-quantity(z83) ∧ :quant(z83, 1) ∧ :unit(z83, z84) ∧ hectare(z84)


When the old types of art, such as novels and dramas, gradually deviate from the focus of the world's attention and give way to the upstart artists such as film and television, a kind of cultural poverty is shrouded in all kinds of criticism. In the face of strong industrial culture, cultural criticism has almost become a promotional advertisement.

Question: Which of the following options means a kind of cultural poverty is shrouded in all kinds of criticism in this passage?

Choices:
- Cultural poverty makes criticism impossible.
- The taste of all kinds of cultural criticism is declining.
- The phenomenon of cultural poverty has been criticized.
- Critics are threatened by poverty.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / shroud-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / criticize-01
                        :mod (z3 / kind
                                 :mod (z4 / all)))
              :ARG1 (z5 / poor
                        :mod (z6 / culture)
                        :mod (z7 / kind))
              :ARG2 (z8 / poor
                        :mod z6)
              :time (z9 / and
                        :op1 (z10 / deviate-01
                                  :ARG0 (z11 / type
                                             :mod (z12 / art)
                                             :mod (z13 / old)
                                             :example (z14 / and
                                                           :op1 (z15 / novel)
                                                           :op2 (z16 / drama)))
                                  :ARG1 (z17 / thing
                                             :ARG2-of (z18 / focus-01
                                                           :ARG0 (z19 / world)))
                                  :manner (z20 / gradual))
                        :op2 (z21 / give-01
                                  :ARG0 z11
                                  :ARG1 (z22 / way)
                                  :ARG2 (z23 / artist
                                             :mod (z24 / upstart)
                                             :example (z25 / and
                                                           :op1 (z26 / film)
                                                           :op2 (z27 / television))))
                        :time (z28 / and
                                   :op1 (z29 / deviate-01
                                             :ARG0 z11
                                             :ARG1 (z30 / thing
                                                        :ARG2-of (z31 / focus-01
                                                                      :ARG0 (z32 / attend-02
                                                                                :ARG0 (z33 / world)))))
                                   :op2 (z34 / give-01
                                             :ARG0 z11
                                             :ARG1 (z35 / way)
                                             :ARG2 (z36 / artist
                                                        :mod (z37 / upstart)
                                                        :example (z38 / and
                                                                      :op1 (z39 / film)
                                                                      :op2 (z40 / television))))))
              :snt2 (z41 / become-01
                         :ARG1 (z42 / criticize-01
                                    :topic (z43 / culture))
                         :ARG2 (z44 / advertise-01
                                    :ARG3-of (z45 / promote-02))
                         :mod (z46 / almost)
                         :time (z47 / face-01
                                    :ARG0 (z48 / culture
                                               :mod (z49 / industry)
                                               :ARG1-of (z50 / strong-02))
                                    :ARG1 (z51 / become-01
                                               :ARG1 z42
                                               :ARG2 (z52 / advertise-01
                                                          :ARG3-of (z53 / promote-02)))))
              :ARG1 (z55 / and
                         :op1 (z56 / novel)
                         :op2 (z57 / drama)
                         :op3 (z58 / film)
                         :mod (z59 / type
                                   :mod (z60 / art)))
              :ARG4 (z61 / go-01
                         :ARG1 z55
                         :direction (z62 / out))
              :manner (z63 / gradual)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ shroud-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ criticize-01(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ kind(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ all(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z5) ∧ poor(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ culture(z6) ∧ :mod(z5, z7) ∧ kind(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z8) ∧ poor(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z6) ∧ :time(z1, z9) ∧ and(z9) ∧ :op1(z9, z10) ∧ deviate-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z11) ∧ type(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z12) ∧ art(z12) ∧ :mod(z11, z13) ∧ old(z13) ∧ :example(z11, z14) ∧ and(z14) ∧ :op1(z14, z15) ∧ novel(z15) ∧ :op2(z14, z16) ∧ drama(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z17) ∧ thing(z17) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z17) ∧ focus-01(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z19) ∧ world(z19) ∧ :manner(z10, z20) ∧ gradual(z20) ∧ :op2(z9, z21) ∧ give-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z11) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ way(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z23) ∧ artist(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ upstart(z24) ∧ :example(z23, z25) ∧ and(z25) ∧ :op1(z25, z26) ∧ film(z26) ∧ :op2(z25, z27) ∧ television(z27) ∧ :time(z9, z28) ∧ and(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, z29) ∧ deviate-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z11) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ thing(z30) ∧ :ARG2(z31, z30) ∧ focus-01(z31) ∧ :ARG0(z31, z32) ∧ attend-02(z32) ∧ :ARG0(z32, z33) ∧ world(z33) ∧ :op2(z28, z34) ∧ give-01(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z11) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ way(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z36) ∧ artist(z36) ∧ :mod(z36, z37) ∧ upstart(z37) ∧ :example(z36, z38) ∧ and(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, z39) ∧ film(z39) ∧ :op2(z38, z40) ∧ television(z40) ∧ :snt2(z1, z41) ∧ become-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ criticize-01(z42) ∧ :topic(z42, z43) ∧ culture(z43) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z44) ∧ advertise-01(z44) ∧ :ARG3(z45, z44) ∧ promote-02(z45) ∧ :mod(z41, z46) ∧ almost(z46) ∧ :time(z41, z47) ∧ face-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ culture(z48) ∧ :mod(z48, z49) ∧ industry(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z48) ∧ strong-02(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z51) ∧ become-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z42) ∧ :ARG2(z51, z52) ∧ advertise-01(z52) ∧ :ARG3(z53, z52) ∧ promote-02(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z55) ∧ and(z55) ∧ :op1(z55, z56) ∧ novel(z56) ∧ :op2(z55, z57) ∧ drama(z57) ∧ :op3(z55, z58) ∧ film(z58) ∧ :mod(z55, z59) ∧ type(z59) ∧ :mod(z59, z60) ∧ art(z60) ∧ :ARG4(z1, z61) ∧ go-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z55) ∧ :direction(z61, z62) ∧ out(z62) ∧ :manner(z1, z63) ∧ gradual(z63)


Studies have found that men on a low-fat diet are more likely to suffer from testosterone deficiency than other men.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- The trial found that men on the low-fat diet of the Mediterranean diet had lower testosterone levels than other men.
- Lack of testosterone can lead to a variety of health problems, such as loss of energy, sleep disorders and hair loss.
- Men who control their diets in order to lose weight may increase their testosterone levels.
- Obesity makes men prone to testosterone deficiency, while men on a low-fat diet can lose weight

(z0 / find-01
    :ARG0 (z1 / study-01)
    :ARG1 (z2 / likely-01
              :ARG1 (z3 / suffer-01
                        :ARG0 (z4 / man
                                  :prep-on (z5 / diet
                                               :mod (z6 / fat
                                                        :ARG1-of (z7 / low-04))))
                        :ARG1 (z8 / lack-01
                                  :ARG0 z4
                                  :ARG1 (z9 / testosterone)))
              :ARG2-of (z10 / have-degree-91
                            :ARG1 z3
                            :ARG3 (z11 / more)
                            :ARG4 (z12 / man
                                       :mod (z13 / other)))
              :ARG1-of (z14 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z15 / lack-01
                                       :ARG0 z4
                                       :ARG1 (z16 / testosterone)))
              :ARG2-of (z17 / have-degree-91
                            :ARG1 z3
                            :ARG3 (z18 / more)
                            :ARG4 (z19 / man
                                       :mod (z20 / other))))
    :ARG1-of (z21 / Frey-00)
    :ARG1-of (z22 / cause-01
                  :ARG0 (z23 / Bouquet-00)))

find-01(z0) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1) ∧ study-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z2) ∧ likely-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ suffer-01(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z4) ∧ man(z4) ∧ :prep-on(z4, z5) ∧ diet(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ fat(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ low-04(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z8) ∧ lack-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ testosterone(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z10, z2) ∧ have-degree-91(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z10, z3) ∧ :ARG3(z10, z11) ∧ more(z11) ∧ :ARG4(z10, z12) ∧ man(z12) ∧ :mod(z12, z13) ∧ other(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z2) ∧ cause-01(z14) ∧ :ARG0(z14, z15) ∧ lack-01(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z4) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z16) ∧ testosterone(z16) ∧ :ARG2(z17, z2) ∧ have-degree-91(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z3) ∧ :ARG3(z17, z18) ∧ more(z18) ∧ :ARG4(z17, z19) ∧ man(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ other(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z0) ∧ Frey-00(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z0) ∧ cause-01(z22) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z23) ∧ Bouquet-00(z23)


Institutionalized procedures refer to a process in which people internalize and habituate certain behavior patterns and behavior norms. It is manifested in certain social life norms, customs and rituals. It is a phenomenon in which people consciously or unconsciously act according to this behavior pattern and behavior when they appear in a certain social role.

Question: Which of the following is not an institutionalized procedure?

Choices:
- The school raises the national flag on time every day.
- Xiao Li, the research secretary, takes notes even when he is not asked to do so.
- Lao Zhang often reminisces about all sorts of trifles at work after he retires.
- Every year in a certain village, a respected chief priest is selected from the village to preside over the event.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / procedure
                        :ARG1-of (z3 / institutionalize-01))
              :ARG1 (z4 / process-02
                        :ARG1 (z5 / and
                                  :op1 (z6 / internalize-01
                                           :ARG0 (z7 / person)
                                           :ARG1 (z8 / and
                                                     :op1 (z9 / pattern
                                                              :mod (z10 / behave-01))
                                                     :op2 (z11 / norm
                                                               :mod z10)
                                                     :mod (z12 / certain)))
                                  :op2 (z13 / habituate-01
                                            :ARG0 z7
                                            :ARG1 z8))))
    :snt2 (z14 / manifest-01
               :ARG1 (z15 / it)
               :ARG2 (z16 / and
                          :op1 (z17 / norm
                                    :mod (z18 / life
                                              :mod (z19 / social))
                                    :mod (z20 / certain))
                          :op2 (z21 / custom
                                    :mod (z22 / certain))
                          :op3 (z23 / ritual
                                    :mod (z24 / certain))))
    :snt3 (z25 / phenomenon
               :domain (z26 / or
                            :op1 (z27 / act-01
                                      :ARG0 (z28 / person)
                                      :ARG1-of (z29 / cause-01
                                                    :ARG0 (z30 / or
                                                               :op1 (z31 / conscious)
                                                               :op2 (z32 / unconscious)))
                                      :ARG1-of (z33 / conform-01
                                                    :ARG2 (z34 / and
                                                               :op1 (z35 / pattern
                                                                         :mod (z36 / behave-01)
                                                                         :mod (z37 / certain))
                                                               :op2 (z38 / behave-01
                                                                         :mod (z39 / certain))))
                                      :time (z40 / appear-01
                                                 :ARG1 z28
                                                 :location (z41 / role
                                                                :mod (z42 / social)
                                                                :mod (z43 / certain))))
                            :op2 (z44 / act-01
                                      :ARG0 z28
                                      :ARG1-of (z45 / conform-01
                                                    :ARG2 z34)
                                      :time (z46 / appear-01
                                                 :ARG1 z28
                                                 :location z41))))
    :snt4 (z47 / multi-sentence
               :snt2 (z48 / manifest-01
                          :ARG1 (z49 / and
                                     :op1 (z50 / norm
                                               :mod (z51 / certain))
                                     :op2 (z52 / custom
                                               :mod (z53 / certain))
                                     :op3 (z54 / ritual
                                               :mod (z55 / certain)))
                          :ARG2 (z56 / and
                                     :op1 (z57 / wink-01)
                                     :op2 (z58 / custom)
                                     :op3 (z59 / ritual)
                                     :mod (z60 / certain)))
               :snt5 (z61 / phenomenon
                          :domain (z62 / or
                                       :op1 (z63 / act-01
                                                 :ARG0 (z64 / person)
                                                 :ARG1-of (z65 / cause-01
                                                               :ARG0 (z66 / or
                                                                          :op1 (z67 / pattern
                                                                                :mod (z68 / behave-01)
                                                                                :mod (z69 / this))
                                                                          :op2 (z70 / behave-01))))
                                       :op2 (z71 / act-01
                                                 :ARG0 z64
                                                 :ARG1-of (z72 / cause-01
                                                               :ARG0 (z73 / or
                                                                          :op1 (z74 / conscious)
                                                                          :op2 (z75 / unconscious))))
                                       :time (z76 / appear-01
                                                  :ARG1 z64
                                                  :location (z77 / role
                                                                 :mod (z78 / society)
                                                                 :mod (z79 / certain)))))
               :snt6 (z80 / refer-03
                          :ARG0 (z81 / procedure)
                          :ARG1 (z82 / process-02
                                     :ARG1 (z83 / and
                                                :op1 (z84 / internalize-01
                                                          :ARG0 (z85 / person)
                                                          :ARG1 (z86 / and
                                                                     :op1 (z87 / pattern
                                                                               :mod (z88 / behave-01))
                                                                     :op2 (z89 / norm
                                                                               :mod (z90 / certain)))
                                                          :op2 (z91 / habit)))))
               :snt7 (z92 / seem-01
                          :ARG1 (z93 / and
                                     :op1 (z94 / wink-01)
                                     :op2 (z95 / custom)
                                     :op3 (z96 / ritual)
                                     :mod (z97 / certain)))
               :snt8 (z98 / manifest-01
                          :ARG1 (z99 / and
                                     :op1 (z100 / norm
                                                :mod (z101 / life
                                                           :mod (z102 / social)))
                                     :op2 (z103 / custom)))
               :snt9 (z104 / appear-01
                           :ARG1 (z1000 / person)
                           :ARG2 (z1001 / role
                                        :mod (z1002 / society)
                                        :mod (z1003 / certain)))
               :snt10 (z1004 / appear-02
                             :ARG1 z1000
                             :prep-to (z1005 / and
                                             :op1 (z105 / pattern
                                                        :mod (z106 / behave-01))
                                             :op2 (z107 / behave-01)))
               :snt11 (z1006 / act-01
                             :ARG0 (z1007 / person)
                             :ARG1 (z108 / and
                                         :op1 (z1008 / and
                                                     :op1 (z1009 / pattern
                                                                 :mod (z1010 / behave-01)
                                                                 :op2 (z1011 / behave-01)
                                                                 :mod (z1012 / this)))
                                         :op2 (z1013 / behave-01))
                             :prep-to (z1014 / and
                                             :op1 (z1015 / appear-01
                                                         :ARG1 z67
                                                         :prep-to (z1016 / role
                                                                         :mod (z1017 / society)
                                                                         :mod (z1018 / certain))
                                                         :op6 (z1019 / social))
                                             :op7 (z1020 / person)
                                             :op8 (z1021 / and
                                                         :op1 (z1022 / act-01
                                                                     :ARG0 z1016
                                                                     :prep-to (z1023 / person))
                                                         :op9 (z1024 / person)
                                                         :op10 "(t3000 / third")
                                             :op11 (z1025 / and
                                                          :op1 (z1026 / script)
                                                          :op12 (z1027 / person)
                                                          :op13 "(o3001 / older")
                                             :op14 (z1028 / culture)
                                             :op15 (z1029 / person)
                                             :op16 (z1030 / and
                                                          :op1 (z1031 / script)
                                                          :op17 (z1032 / person)
                                                          :op18 (z1033 / and
                                                                       :op2 (z1034 / culture)
                                                                       :op21 (z1035 / person)
                                                                       :op22 (z1036 / culture)
                                                                       :op24 (z1037 / person)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ procedure(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z2) ∧ institutionalize-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z4) ∧ process-02(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z5) ∧ and(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, z6) ∧ internalize-01(z6) ∧ :ARG0(z6, z7) ∧ person(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z8) ∧ and(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ pattern(z9) ∧ :mod(z9, z10) ∧ behave-01(z10) ∧ :op2(z8, z11) ∧ norm(z11) ∧ :mod(z11, z10) ∧ :mod(z8, z12) ∧ certain(z12) ∧ :op2(z5, z13) ∧ habituate-01(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z7) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z14) ∧ manifest-01(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z15) ∧ it(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z16) ∧ and(z16) ∧ :op1(z16, z17) ∧ norm(z17) ∧ :mod(z17, z18) ∧ life(z18) ∧ :mod(z18, z19) ∧ social(z19) ∧ :mod(z17, z20) ∧ certain(z20) ∧ :op2(z16, z21) ∧ custom(z21) ∧ :mod(z21, z22) ∧ certain(z22) ∧ :op3(z16, z23) ∧ ritual(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ certain(z24) ∧ :snt3(z0, z25) ∧ phenomenon(z25) ∧ :domain(z25, z26) ∧ or(z26) ∧ :op1(z26, z27) ∧ act-01(z27) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z28) ∧ person(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z27) ∧ cause-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z30) ∧ or(z30) ∧ :op1(z30, z31) ∧ conscious(z31) ∧ :op2(z30, z32) ∧ unconscious(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z27) ∧ conform-01(z33) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ and(z34) ∧ :op1(z34, z35) ∧ pattern(z35) ∧ :mod(z35, z36) ∧ behave-01(z36) ∧ :mod(z35, z37) ∧ certain(z37) ∧ :op2(z34, z38) ∧ behave-01(z38) ∧ :mod(z38, z39) ∧ certain(z39) ∧ :time(z27, z40) ∧ appear-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z28) ∧ :location(z40, z41) ∧ role(z41) ∧ :mod(z41, z42) ∧ social(z42) ∧ :mod(z41, z43) ∧ certain(z43) ∧ :op2(z26, z44) ∧ act-01(z44) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z28) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z44) ∧ conform-01(z45) ∧ :ARG2(z45, z34) ∧ :time(z44, z46) ∧ appear-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z28) ∧ :location(z46, z41) ∧ :snt4(z0, z47) ∧ multi-sentence(z47) ∧ :snt2(z47, z48) ∧ manifest-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z49) ∧ and(z49) ∧ :op1(z49, z50) ∧ norm(z50) ∧ :mod(z50, z51) ∧ certain(z51) ∧ :op2(z49, z52) ∧ custom(z52) ∧ :mod(z52, z53) ∧ certain(z53) ∧ :op3(z49, z54) ∧ ritual(z54) ∧ :mod(z54, z55) ∧ certain(z55) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z56) ∧ and(z56) ∧ :op1(z56, z57) ∧ wink-01(z57) ∧ :op2(z56, z58) ∧ custom(z58) ∧ :op3(z56, z59) ∧ ritual(z59) ∧ :mod(z56, z60) ∧ certain(z60) ∧ :snt5(z47, z61) ∧ phenomenon(z61) ∧ :domain(z61, z62) ∧ or(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, z63) ∧ act-01(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z64) ∧ person(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z63) ∧ cause-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z66) ∧ or(z66) ∧ :op1(z66, z67) ∧ pattern(z67) ∧ :mod(z67, z68) ∧ behave-01(z68) ∧ :mod(z67, z69) ∧ this(z69) ∧ :op2(z66, z70) ∧ behave-01(z70) ∧ :op2(z62, z71) ∧ act-01(z71) ∧ :ARG0(z71, z64) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z71) ∧ cause-01(z72) ∧ :ARG0(z72, z73) ∧ or(z73) ∧ :op1(z73, z74) ∧ conscious(z74) ∧ :op2(z73, z75) ∧ unconscious(z75) ∧ :time(z62, z76) ∧ appear-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z64) ∧ :location(z76, z77) ∧ role(z77) ∧ :mod(z77, z78) ∧ society(z78) ∧ :mod(z77, z79) ∧ certain(z79) ∧ :snt6(z47, z80) ∧ refer-03(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z80, z81) ∧ procedure(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z82) ∧ process-02(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z83) ∧ and(z83) ∧ :op1(z83, z84) ∧ internalize-01(z84) ∧ :ARG0(z84, z85) ∧ person(z85) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z86) ∧ and(z86) ∧ :op1(z86, z87) ∧ pattern(z87) ∧ :mod(z87, z88) ∧ behave-01(z88) ∧ :op2(z86, z89) ∧ norm(z89) ∧ :mod(z89, z90) ∧ certain(z90) ∧ :op2(z84, z91) ∧ habit(z91) ∧ :snt7(z47, z92) ∧ seem-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ and(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, z94) ∧ wink-01(z94) ∧ :op2(z93, z95) ∧ custom(z95) ∧ :op3(z93, z96) ∧ ritual(z96) ∧ :mod(z93, z97) ∧ certain(z97) ∧ :snt8(z47, z98) ∧ manifest-01(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z99) ∧ and(z99) ∧ :op1(z99, z100) ∧ norm(z100) ∧ :mod(z100, z101) ∧ life(z101) ∧ :mod(z101, z102) ∧ social(z102) ∧ :op2(z99, z103) ∧ custom(z103) ∧ :snt9(z47, z104) ∧ appear-01(z104) ∧ :ARG1(z104, z1000) ∧ person(z1000) ∧ :ARG2(z104, z1001) ∧ role(z1001) ∧ :mod(z1001, z1002) ∧ society(z1002) ∧ :mod(z1001, z1003) ∧ certain(z1003) ∧ :snt10(z47, z1004) ∧ appear-02(z1004) ∧ :ARG1(z1004, z1000) ∧ :prep-to(z1004, z1005) ∧ and(z1005) ∧ :op1(z1005, z105) ∧ pattern(z105) ∧ :mod(z105, z106) ∧ behave-01(z106) ∧ :op2(z1005, z107) ∧ behave-01(z107) ∧ :snt11(z47, z1006) ∧ act-01(z1006) ∧ :ARG0(z1006, z1007) ∧ person(z1007) ∧ :ARG1(z1006, z108) ∧ and(z108) ∧ :op1(z108, z1008) ∧ and(z1008) ∧ :op1(z1008, z1009) ∧ pattern(z1009) ∧ :mod(z1009, z1010) ∧ behave-01(z1010) ∧ :op2(z1009, z1011) ∧ behave-01(z1011) ∧ :mod(z1009, z1012) ∧ this(z1012) ∧ :op2(z108, z1013) ∧ behave-01(z1013) ∧ :prep-to(z1006, z1014) ∧ and(z1014) ∧ :op1(z1014, z1015) ∧ appear-01(z1015) ∧ :ARG1(z1015, z67) ∧ :prep-to(z1015, z1016) ∧ role(z1016) ∧ :mod(z1016, z1017) ∧ society(z1017) ∧ :mod(z1016, z1018) ∧ certain(z1018) ∧ :op6(z1015, z1019) ∧ social(z1019) ∧ :op7(z1014, z1020) ∧ person(z1020) ∧ :op8(z1014, z1021) ∧ and(z1021) ∧ :op1(z1021, z1022) ∧ act-01(z1022) ∧ :ARG0(z1022, z1016) ∧ :prep-to(z1022, z1023) ∧ person(z1023) ∧ :op9(z1021, z1024) ∧ person(z1024) ∧ :op10(z1021, "(t3000 / third") ∧ :op11(z1014, z1025) ∧ and(z1025) ∧ :op1(z1025, z1026) ∧ script(z1026) ∧ :op12(z1025, z1027) ∧ person(z1027) ∧ :op13(z1025, "(o3001 / older") ∧ :op14(z1014, z1028) ∧ culture(z1028) ∧ :op15(z1014, z1029) ∧ person(z1029) ∧ :op16(z1014, z1030) ∧ and(z1030) ∧ :op1(z1030, z1031) ∧ script(z1031) ∧ :op17(z1030, z1032) ∧ person(z1032) ∧ :op18(z1030, z1033) ∧ and(z1033) ∧ :op2(z1033, z1034) ∧ culture(z1034) ∧ :op21(z1033, z1035) ∧ person(z1035) ∧ :op22(z1033, z1036) ∧ culture(z1036) ∧ :op24(z1033, z1037) ∧ person(z1037)


Many newspapers have cut back on book reviews, replacing them with other features that, according to focus group research, are of greater interest to potential readers. Such a move is ill-advised. Though meant to increase readership, it actually decreases readership by alienating loyal readers while catering to casual readers who are more likely to watch television than pick up a newspaper.

Question: Which one of the following most accurately expresses the conclusion drawn in the argument?

Choices:
- The move to replace book reviews with other features was meant to increase readership, but it actually decreases it.
- Many newspapers have cut back on book reviews, replacing them with other features.
- The move to replace book reviews with other features alienates loyal readers and caters to casual readers.
- The newspapers should not have cut back on book reviews.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / and
              :op1 (z2 / cut-back-05
                       :ARG0 (z3 / newspaper
                                 :quant (z4 / many))
                       :ARG1 (z5 / review-01
                                 :ARG1 (z6 / book)))
              :op2 (z7 / replace-01
                       :ARG0 z3
                       :ARG1 z5
                       :ARG2 (z8 / feature
                                 :mod (z9 / other)
                                 :ARG2-of (z10 / interest-01
                                               :ARG1 (z11 / person
                                                          :ARG0-of (z12 / read-01
                                                                        :mod (z13 / potential)))
                                               :ARG1-of (z14 / say-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z15 / research-01
                                                                        :ARG0 (z16 / group
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z17 / focus-01))))
                                               :ARG1-of (z18 / have-degree-91
                                                             :ARG2 (z19 / great)
                                                             :ARG3 (z20 / more))))))
    :snt2 (z21 / advise-01
               :ARG1 (z22 / move-02
                          :mod (z23 / such))
               :ARG1-of (z24 / ill-02))
    :snt3 (z25 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z26 / decrease-01
                          :ARG0 (z27 / it)
                          :ARG1 (z29 / cause-01
                                     :ARG1 z26
                                     :ARG0 (z30 / and
                                                :op1 (z31 / alienate-01
                                                          :ARG0 z27
                                                          :ARG1 (z32 / person
                                                                     :ARG0-of (z33 / read-01)
                                                                     :ARG1-of (z34 / loyal-01
                                                                                :ARG2 z32)))
                                                :op2 (z35 / cater-01
                                                          :ARG0 z27
                                                          :ARG2 (z36 / person
                                                                     :ARG0-of (z37 / read-01
                                                                                :manner (z38 / casual))
                                                                     :ARG1-of (z39 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z40 / likely-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z41 / watch-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z36
                                                                                :ARG1 (z42 / television)))
                                                                                :ARG3 (z43 / more)
                                                                                :ARG4 (z44 / pick-up-04
                                                                                :ARG0 z36
                                                                                :ARG1 (z45 / newspaper)))))))
                          :ARG1-of (z28 / actual-02))
               :ARG2 (z46 / mean-02
                          :ARG1 z27
                          :ARG2 (z47 / increase-01
                                     :ARG0 z27
                                     :ARG1 (z48 / person
                                                :ARG0-of (z49 / read-01))))))


When politicians describe their opponents' positions, they typically make those positions seem implausible and unattractive. In contrast, scholars try to make opposing positions seem as plausible and attractive as possible. Doing so makes their arguments against those positions more persuasive to their professional colleagues. Politicians should take note: they could persuade more voters with their arguments if they simply followed the scholars in charitably formulating their opponents' positions.

Question: The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it

Choices:
- fails to address the possibility that an approach that works with one kind of audience will not work with another
- takes for granted that both scholars and politicians have persuasion as their aim
- fails to account for the difficulty of coming up with charitable formulations of positions to which one is opposed
- focuses on the differences between two styles of argumentation even though those styles might be suited to similar audiences

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / make-02
              :ARG0 (z2 / politician)
              :ARG1 (z3 / and
                        :op1 (z4 / seem-01
                                 :ARG1 (z5 / and
                                           :op1 (z6 / possible-01
                                                    :polarity -
                                                    :ARG1 (z7 / imagine-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z14 / oppose-01
                                                                         :ARG1 z2)))
                                           :op2 (z8 / attract-01
                                                    :polarity -
                                                    :ARG1 z14))))
              :ARG1-of (z9 / typical-02)
              :time (z10 / describe-01
                         :ARG0 (z11 / politician)
                         :ARG1 (z12 / position-02
                                    :ARG0 (z13 / person
                                               :ARG0-of z14))))
    :snt2 (z15 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z16 / try-01
                          :ARG0 (z17 / scholar)
                          :ARG1 (z18 / make-02
                                     :ARG0 z17
                                     :ARG1 (z19 / seem-01
                                                :ARG1 (z20 / and
                                                           :op1 (z21 / have-degree-91
                                                                     :ARG1 (z22 / position-02
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z23 / oppose-01))
                                                                     :ARG2 (z24 / plausible)
                                                                     :ARG3 (z25 / equal)
                                                                     :ARG4 (z26 / possible-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z22))
                                                           :op2 (z27 / have-degree-91
                                                                     :ARG1 z22
                                                                     :ARG2 (z28 / attract-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z22)
                                                                     :ARG3 (z29 / equal)
                                                                     :ARG4 (z30 / possible-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z20)))))))
    :snt3 (z31 / multi-sentence
               :snt1 (z32 / try-01
                          :ARG0 (z33 / scholar)
                          :ARG1 (z34 / make-02
                                     :ARG0 z33
                                     :ARG1 (z35 / seem-01
                                                :ARG1 (z36 / position-02
                                                           :ARG0-of (z37 / oppose-01)
                                                           :ARG1-of (z38 / have-degree-91
                                                                         :ARG2 (z39 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z40 / plausible)
                                                                                :op2 (z41 / attract-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z36))
                                                                         :ARG3 (z42 / equal)
                                                                         :ARG4 (z43 / possible-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z35))))))
               :snt2 (z44 / make-02
                          :ARG0 (z45 / do-02
                                     :ARG0 z33
                                     :ARG1 (z46 / so))
                          :ARG1 (z47 / have-degree-91
                                     :ARG1 (z48 / argue-01
                                                :ARG0 z33
                                                :ARG1 (z49 / oppose-01
                                                           :ARG0 z33
                                                           :ARG1 (z50 / position
                                                                      :mod (z51 / that))))
                                     :ARG2 (z52 / persuasive-02
                                                :ARG0 z48
                                                :ARG1 (z53 / colleague
                                                           :mod (z54 / professional)
                                                           :ARG0-of (z55 / have-rel-role-91
                                                                         :ARG1 z33
                                                                         :ARG2 (z56 / colleague))))
                                     :ARG3 (z57 / more))))
    :snt4 (z58 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z59 / note-01
                          :ARG0 (z60 / politician)
                          :ARG1 (z61 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z62 / persuade-01
                                                :ARG0 z42
                                                :ARG1 (z63 / person
                                                           :ARG0-of (z64 / vote-01)
                                                           :quant (z65 / more))
                                                :instrument (z66 / argue-01
                                                                 :ARG0 z42)
                                                :condition (z67 / follow-02
                                                                :ARG0 z42
                                                                :ARG1 (z68 / form-01
                                                                           :ARG0 (z69 / scholar)
                                                                           :ARG1 (z70 / position-02
                                                                                :ARG0 (z71 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z72 / oppose-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z42)))
                                                                           :manner (z73 / charitable))
                                                                :ARG1-of (z74 / simple-02)))))
               :ARG2 (z75 / note-01
                          :ARG0 z42
                          :ARG1 (z76 / possible-01
                                     :ARG1 (z77 / persuade-01
                                                :ARG0 z42
                                                :ARG1 (z78 / person
                                                           :ARG0-of (z79 / vote-01)
                                                           :quant (z80 / more))
                                                :instrument (z81 / argue-01
                                                                 :ARG0 z42))
                                     :condition (z82 / follow-02
                                                     :ARG0 z42
                                                     :ARG1 (z83 / form-01
                                                                :ARG0 z69
                                                                :ARG1 (z84 / position-02
                                                                           :ARG0 (z85 / person
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z86 / oppose-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z42)))
                                                                :manner (z87 / charitable)))))))


All the Wei gatherers were not the subjects of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and some of the subjects of the Western Zhou Dynasty were not the descendants of Guzhu.

Question: So

Choices:
- Some of the Wei gatherers are descendants of Guzhu
- Some Wei pickers are not descendants of Guzhu.
- All the subjects of the Western Zhou Dynasty were not Wei gatherers
- Some descendants of Guzhu. were not subjects of the Western Zhou Dynasty

(z0 / and
    :op1 (z1 / subject
             :polarity -
             :domain (z2 / person
                         :ARG0-of (z3 / gather-01)
                         :mod (z4 / all)
                         :mod (z5 / ethnic-group
                                  :wiki "Wei_people"
                                  :name (z6 / name
                                            :op1 "Wei")))
             :poss (z7 / dynasty
                       :wiki "Western_Zhou"
                       :name (z8 / name
                                 :op1 "Western"
                                 :op2 "Zhou"
                                 :op3 "Dynasty")))
    :op2 (z9 / descend-01
             :polarity -
             :ARG0 (z10 / person
                        :ARG0-of (z11 / have-rel-role-91
                                      :ARG1 (z12 / person
                                                 :wiki "Guzhu"
                                                 :name (z13 / name
                                                            :op1 "Guzhu"))
                                      :ARG2 (z14 / ancestor)))
             :ARG1 (z15 / person
                        :ARG1-of (z16 / include-91
                                      :ARG2 (z17 / subject
                                                 :poss z7)
                                      :ARG3 (z18 / some))))
    :op3 (z19 / come-forward-31
              :polarity -
              :ARG0 (z20 / person
                         :ARG0-of (z21 / gather-01)
                         :mod z5
                         :mod z5)
              :ARG1-of (z22 / regular-02)))

and(z0) ∧ ¬(:op1(z0, z1) ∧ subject(z1) ∧ :domain(z1, z2) ∧ person(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ gather-01(z3) ∧ :mod(z2, z4) ∧ all(z4) ∧ :mod(z2, z5) ∧ ethnic-group(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, "Wei_people") ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "Wei") ∧ :poss(z1, z7) ∧ dynasty(z7) ∧ :wiki(z7, "Western_Zhou") ∧ :name(z7, z8) ∧ name(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, "Western") ∧ :op2(z8, "Zhou") ∧ :op3(z8, "Dynasty")) ∧ ¬(:op2(z0, z9) ∧ descend-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ person(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z10) ∧ have-rel-role-91(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ person(z12) ∧ :wiki(z12, "Guzhu") ∧ :name(z12, z13) ∧ name(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, "Guzhu") ∧ :ARG2(z11, z14) ∧ ancestor(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z15) ∧ person(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ include-91(z16) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z17) ∧ subject(z17) ∧ :poss(z17, z7) ∧ :ARG3(z16, z18) ∧ some(z18)) ∧ ¬(:op3(z0, z19) ∧ come-forward-31(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ person(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z20) ∧ gather-01(z21) ∧ :mod(z20, z5) ∧ :mod(z20, z5) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z19) ∧ regular-02(z22))


A group of unusual meteorites was found in Shergotty, India. Their structure indicates that they originated on one of the geologically active planets, Mercury, Venus, or Mars. Because of Mercury' s proximity to the Sun, any material dislodged from that planet' s surface would have been captured by the Sun, rather than falling to Earth as meteorites. Nor could Venus be the source of the meteorites, because its gravity would have prevented dislodged material from escaping into space. The meteorites, ttherefore, probably fell to Earth after being dislodged from Mars, perhaps as the result of a collision with a large object.

Question: The argument derives its conclusion by

Choices:
- eliminating competing alternative explanations
- contrasting present circumstances with past circumstances
- abstracting a general principle from specific data
- offering a counterexample to a theory

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / find-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / group
                        :consist-of (z3 / meteorite
                                        :mod (z4 / usual
                                                 :polarity -)))
              :location (z5 / city
                            :wiki "Shergotty,_India"
                            :name (z6 / name
                                      :op1 "Shergotty")
                            :location (z7 / country
                                          :wiki "India"
                                          :name (z8 / name
                                                    :op1 "India"))))
    :snt2 (z9 / indicate-01
              :ARG0 (z10 / structure
                         :poss (z11 / they))
              :ARG1 (z12 / originate-01
                         :ARG1 z11
                         :ARG2 (z13 / planet
                                    :quant 1
                                    :ARG1-of (z14 / include-91
                                                  :ARG2 (z15 / planet
                                                             :ARG1-of (z16 / activity-06
                                                                           :ARG0 (z17 / geology))
                                                             :example (z18 / or
                                                                           :op1 (z19 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Mercury_(p3000 / planet)"
                                                                                :name (z20 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Mercury"))
                                                                           :op2 (z21 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Venus"
                                                                                :name (z22 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Venus"))
                                                                           :op3 (z23 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Mars"
                                                                                :name (z24 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Mars"))))))))
    :snt3 (z25 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z26 / close-10
                          :ARG1 (z27 / planet
                                     :wiki "Mercury_(p3001 / planet)"
                                     :name (z28 / name
                                                :op1 "Mercury"))
                          :ARG2 (z29 / sun))
               :ARG1 (z30 / capture-01
                          :ARG0 z29
                          :ARG1 (z31 / material
                                     :mod (z32 / any)
                                     :ARG1-of (z33 / dislodge-01
                                                   :ARG2 (z34 / surface
                                                              :part-of z27)))
                          :ARG1-of (z35 / instead-of-91
                                        :ARG2 (z36 / fall-01
                                                   :ARG1 z31
                                                   :ARG4 (z37 / planet
                                                              :wiki "Earth"
                                                              :name (z38 / name
                                                                         :op1 "Earth"))
                                                   :prep-as (z39 / meteorite)))))
    :snt4 (z40 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z41 / probable
                          :domain (z42 / fall-01
                                       :ARG1 (z43 / meteorite)
                                       :ARG4 (z44 / planet
                                                  :wiki "Earth"
                                                  :name (z45 / name
                                                             :op1 "Earth"))
                                       :time (z46 / after
                                                  :op1 (z47 / dislodge-01
                                                            :ARG1 z43
                                                            :ARG2 (z48 / planet
                                                                       :wiki "Mars"
                                                                       :name (z49 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Mars"))
                                                            :ARG1-of (z50 / result-01
                                                                          :ARG2 (z51 / collide-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z52 / object
                                                                                :mod (z53 / large)))
                                                                          :ARG1-of (z54 / possible-01))))
                                       :mod (z55 / probable))))
    :snt5 (z56 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z57 / source-02
                          :ARG0 (z58 / planet
                                     :wiki "Venus"
                                     :name (z59 / name
                                                :op1 "Venus"))
                          :ARG1 (z60 / meteorite))
               :ARG1-of (z61 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z62 / prevent-01
                                        :ARG0 (z63 / gravity
                                                   :poss z58)
                                        :ARG1 (z64 / escape-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z65 / material
                                                              :ARG1-of (z66 / dislodge-01))
                                                   :ARG1 (z67 / space)))))
    :snt6 (z68 / possible-01
               :polarity -
               :ARG1 (z69 / source-02
                          :ARG0 (z70 / planet
                                     :wiki "Venus"
                                     :name (z71 / name
                                                :op1 "Venus"))
                          :ARG1 (z72 / meteorite))
               :ARG1-of (z73 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z74 / prevent-01
                                        :ARG0 (z75 / gravity
                                                   :poss z70)
                                        :ARG1 (z76 / escape-01
                                                   :ARG0 z65
                                                   :ARG1 (z77 / space)))))
    :snt7 (z78 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z79 / fall-01
                          :ARG1 (z80 / meteorite)
                          :ARG4 (z81 / planet
                                     :wiki "Earth"
                                     :name (z82 / name
                                                :op1 "Earth"))
                          :time (z83 / after
                                     :op1 (z84 / dislodge-01
                                               :ARG1 z80
                                               :ARG2 (z85 / planet
                                                          :wiki "Mars"
                                                          :name (z86 / name
                                                                     :op1 "Mars"))))
                          :ARG1-of (z87 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z88 / result-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z89 / collide-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z90 / object
                                                                         :mod (z91 / large)))
                                                   :ARG2 (z92 / result-01
                                                              :ARG1-of (z93 / possible-01))))))
    :snt8 (z94 / cause-01
               :ARG0 (z95 / close-10
                          :ARG1 (z96 / planet
                                     :wiki "Mercury"
                                     :name (z97 / name
                                                :op1 "Mercury"))
                          :ARG2 (z98 / sun))
               :ARG1 (z99 / capture-01
                          :ARG1 (z100 / material
                                      :ARG1-of (z101 / dislodge-01
                                                     :ARG2 (z102 / surface
                                                                 :part-of z96)))
                          :ARG1-of (z103 / instead-of-91
                                         :ARG2 (z104 / fall-01
                                                     :ARG1 z100
                                                     :prep-as (z105 / meteorite)))))
    :snt9 (z1000 / find-01
                 :ARG1 (z1001 / publication
                              :wiki -
                              :name (z1002 / name
                                           :op1 "Annual"
                                           :op2 "Meeting"
                                           :op3 "Session"
                                           :op4 "Report")))
    :snt10 (z1003 / publication
                  :wiki -
                  :name (z1004 / name
                               :op1 "Annual"
                               :op2 "Meeting"
                               :op3 "Report"
                               :op4 "."
                               :op5 "."
                               :op6 "."
                               :op7 "."
                               :op8 "Mars"
                               :op9 "Mars"
                               :op10 "Bearing"
                               :op11 "Bearing"
                               :op12 "Bearing"
                               :op13 "Bearing"
                               :op14 "Bearing"
                               :op15 "Bearing"
                               :op16 "Of"
                               :op17 "Bearing"
                               :op18 "Bearing"
                               :op19 "Bearing"
                               :op20 "Bearing"
                               :op21 "Of"
                               :op22 "Bearing"
                               :op24 "Bearing"
                               :op25 "of"
                               :op25 "Bearing"
                               :op26 "Bearing"
                               :op36 "Bearing"
                               :op27 "Bearing"
                               :op36 "of"
                               :op38 "Bearing"
                               :op36 "Bearing"
                               :op41 "Bearing"
                               :op45 "Bearing"
                               :op48 "of"
                               :op45 "Bearing"
                               :op6 "Bearing"
                               :op48 "Bearing"
                               :op45 "Bearing"
                               :op6 "Bearing"
                               :op47 "of"
                               :op6 "Bearing")))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ find-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ group(z2) ∧ :consist(z3, z2) ∧ meteorite(z3) ∧ ¬(:mod(z3, z4) ∧ usual(z4)) ∧ :location(z1, z5) ∧ city(z5) ∧ :wiki(z5, "Shergotty,_India") ∧ :name(z5, z6) ∧ name(z6) ∧ :op1(z6, "Shergotty") ∧ :location(z5, z7) ∧ country(z7) ∧ :wiki(z7, "India") ∧ :name(z7, z8) ∧ name(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, "India") ∧ :snt2(z0, z9) ∧ indicate-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z10) ∧ structure(z10) ∧ :poss(z10, z11) ∧ they(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z12) ∧ originate-01(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z11) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z13) ∧ planet(z13) ∧ :quant(z13, 1) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ include-91(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ planet(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ activity-06(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ geology(z17) ∧ :example(z15, z18) ∧ or(z18) ∧ :op1(z18, z19) ∧ planet(z19) ∧ :wiki(z19, "Mercury_(p3000 / planet)") ∧ :name(z19, z20) ∧ name(z20) ∧ :op1(z20, "Mercury") ∧ :op2(z18, z21) ∧ planet(z21) ∧ :wiki(z21, "Venus") ∧ :name(z21, z22) ∧ name(z22) ∧ :op1(z22, "Venus") ∧ :op3(z18, z23) ∧ planet(z23) ∧ :wiki(z23, "Mars") ∧ :name(z23, z24) ∧ name(z24) ∧ :op1(z24, "Mars") ∧ :snt3(z0, z25) ∧ cause-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ close-10(z26) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z27) ∧ planet(z27) ∧ :wiki(z27, "Mercury_(p3001 / planet)") ∧ :name(z27, z28) ∧ name(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, "Mercury") ∧ :ARG2(z26, z29) ∧ sun(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z30) ∧ capture-01(z30) ∧ :ARG0(z30, z29) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ material(z31) ∧ :mod(z31, z32) ∧ any(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z31) ∧ dislodge-01(z33) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ surface(z34) ∧ :part(z27, z34) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z30) ∧ instead-of-91(z35) ∧ :ARG2(z35, z36) ∧ fall-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z31) ∧ :ARG4(z36, z37) ∧ planet(z37) ∧ :wiki(z37, "Earth") ∧ :name(z37, z38) ∧ name(z38) ∧ :op1(z38, "Earth") ∧ :prep-as(z36, z39) ∧ meteorite(z39) ∧ :snt4(z0, z40) ∧ cause-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ probable(z41) ∧ :domain(z41, z42) ∧ fall-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ meteorite(z43) ∧ :ARG4(z42, z44) ∧ planet(z44) ∧ :wiki(z44, "Earth") ∧ :name(z44, z45) ∧ name(z45) ∧ :op1(z45, "Earth") ∧ :time(z42, z46) ∧ after(z46) ∧ :op1(z46, z47) ∧ dislodge-01(z47) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z43) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z48) ∧ planet(z48) ∧ :wiki(z48, "Mars") ∧ :name(z48, z49) ∧ name(z49) ∧ :op1(z49, "Mars") ∧ :ARG1(z50, z47) ∧ result-01(z50) ∧ :ARG2(z50, z51) ∧ collide-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z52) ∧ object(z52) ∧ :mod(z52, z53) ∧ large(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z50) ∧ possible-01(z54) ∧ :mod(z42, z55) ∧ probable(z55) ∧ ¬(:snt5(z0, z56) ∧ possible-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ source-02(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z58) ∧ planet(z58) ∧ :wiki(z58, "Venus") ∧ :name(z58, z59) ∧ name(z59) ∧ :op1(z59, "Venus") ∧ :ARG1(z57, z60) ∧ meteorite(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z56) ∧ cause-01(z61) ∧ :ARG0(z61, z62) ∧ prevent-01(z62) ∧ :ARG0(z62, z63) ∧ gravity(z63) ∧ :poss(z63, z58) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z64) ∧ escape-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ material(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z65) ∧ dislodge-01(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z67) ∧ space(z67)) ∧ ¬(:snt6(z0, z68) ∧ possible-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ source-02(z69) ∧ :ARG0(z69, z70) ∧ planet(z70) ∧ :wiki(z70, "Venus") ∧ :name(z70, z71) ∧ name(z71) ∧ :op1(z71, "Venus") ∧ :ARG1(z69, z72) ∧ meteorite(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z68) ∧ cause-01(z73) ∧ :ARG0(z73, z74) ∧ prevent-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z75) ∧ gravity(z75) ∧ :poss(z75, z70) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z76) ∧ escape-01(z76) ∧ :ARG0(z76, z65) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ space(z77)) ∧ :snt7(z0, z78) ∧ cause-01(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z79) ∧ fall-01(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z80) ∧ meteorite(z80) ∧ :ARG4(z79, z81) ∧ planet(z81) ∧ :wiki(z81, "Earth") ∧ :name(z81, z82) ∧ name(z82) ∧ :op1(z82, "Earth") ∧ :time(z79, z83) ∧ after(z83) ∧ :op1(z83, z84) ∧ dislodge-01(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z80) ∧ :ARG2(z84, z85) ∧ planet(z85) ∧ :wiki(z85, "Mars") ∧ :name(z85, z86) ∧ name(z86) ∧ :op1(z86, "Mars") ∧ :ARG1(z87, z79) ∧ cause-01(z87) ∧ :ARG0(z87, z88) ∧ result-01(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z89) ∧ collide-01(z89) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z90) ∧ object(z90) ∧ :mod(z90, z91) ∧ large(z91) ∧ :ARG2(z88, z92) ∧ result-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z92) ∧ possible-01(z93) ∧ :snt8(z0, z94) ∧ cause-01(z94) ∧ :ARG0(z94, z95) ∧ close-10(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z96) ∧ planet(z96) ∧ :wiki(z96, "Mercury") ∧ :name(z96, z97) ∧ name(z97) ∧ :op1(z97, "Mercury") ∧ :ARG2(z95, z98) ∧ sun(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z99) ∧ capture-01(z99) ∧ :ARG1(z99, z100) ∧ material(z100) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z100) ∧ dislodge-01(z101) ∧ :ARG2(z101, z102) ∧ surface(z102) ∧ :part(z96, z102) ∧ :ARG1(z103, z99) ∧ instead-of-91(z103) ∧ :ARG2(z103, z104) ∧ fall-01(z104) ∧ :ARG1(z104, z100) ∧ :prep-as(z104, z105) ∧ meteorite(z105) ∧ :snt9(z0, z1000) ∧ find-01(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z1001) ∧ publication(z1001) ∧ :wiki(z1001, -) ∧ :name(z1001, z1002) ∧ name(z1002) ∧ :op1(z1002, "Annual") ∧ :op2(z1002, "Meeting") ∧ :op3(z1002, "Session") ∧ :op4(z1002, "Report") ∧ :snt10(z0, z1003) ∧ publication(z1003) ∧ :wiki(z1003, -) ∧ :name(z1003, z1004) ∧ name(z1004) ∧ :op1(z1004, "Annual") ∧ :op2(z1004, "Meeting") ∧ :op3(z1004, "Report") ∧ :op4(z1004, ".") ∧ :op5(z1004, ".") ∧ :op6(z1004, ".") ∧ :op7(z1004, ".") ∧ :op8(z1004, "Mars") ∧ :op9(z1004, "Mars") ∧ :op10(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op11(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op12(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op13(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op14(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op15(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op16(z1004, "Of") ∧ :op17(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op18(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op19(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op20(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op21(z1004, "Of") ∧ :op22(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op24(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op25(z1004, "of") ∧ :op25(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op26(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op36(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op27(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op36(z1004, "of") ∧ :op38(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op36(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op41(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op45(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op48(z1004, "of") ∧ :op45(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op6(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op48(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op45(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op6(z1004, "Bearing") ∧ :op47(z1004, "of") ∧ :op6(z1004, "Bearing")


Novice bird-watcher: I don' t know much about animal tracks, but I do know that birds typically have four toes, and most birds have three toes pointing forward and one toe pointing backward. Since this track was made by an animal with four toes, of which three point forward and one points backward, we can conclude it was made by some kind of bird.

Question: The argument is flawed because it

Choices:
- relies on the vagueness of the term track
- depends on evidence about an individual bird rather than about birds in general
- does not define birds as animals with four toes
- does not establish that only a bird could have made the track

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / contrast-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / know-01
                                  :polarity -
                                  :ARG0 (z4 / i)
                                  :ARG1 (z5 / much
                                            :topic (z6 / track
                                                       :mod (z7 / animal))))
                        :ARG2 (z8 / know-01
                                  :ARG0 z4
                                  :ARG1 (z9 / and
                                            :op1 (z10 / have-03
                                                      :ARG0 (z11 / bird)
                                                      :ARG1 (z12 / toe
                                                                 :quant 4)
                                                      :ARG1-of (z13 / typical-02))
                                            :op2 (z14 / and
                                                      :op1 (z15 / point-01
                                                                :ARG0 (z16 / toe
                                                                           :quant 3
                                                                           :part-of z11)
                                                                :ARG2 (z17 / forward))
                                                      :op2 (z18 / point-01
                                                                :ARG0 (z19 / toe
                                                                           :quant 1
                                                                           :part-of z11)
                                                                :ARG2 (z20 / backward)))
                                            :op3 (z21 / have-03
                                                      :ARG0 (z22 / bird
                                                                 :mod (z23 / most))
                                                      :ARG1 (z24 / and
                                                                 :op1 (z25 / toe
                                                                           :quant 3
                                                                           :part-of z22
                                                                           :ARG1-of (z26 / point-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z27 / forward)))
                                                                 :op2 (z28 / toe
                                                                           :quant 1
                                                                           :part-of z22
                                                                           :ARG1-of (z29 / point-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z30 / backward))))))))
              :ARG2 (z31 / person
                         :ARG0-of (z32 / watch-01
                                       :ARG1 (z33 / bird))
                         :mod (z34 / novice)))
    :snt2 (z35 / possible-01
               :ARG1 (z36 / conclude-01
                          :ARG0 (z37 / we)
                          :ARG1 (z38 / make-01
                                     :ARG0 (z39 / animal
                                                :ARG0-of (z40 / have-03
                                                              :ARG1 (z41 / toe
                                                                         :quant 4
                                                                         :ARG2-of (z42 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG1 (z43 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z44 / point
                                                                                :quant 3
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z45 / point-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z46 / forward)))
                                                                                :op2 (z47 / point
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z48 / point-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z49 / backward)))))))
                                                :ARG1 (z50 / track
                                                           :mod (z51 / this)))
                                     :ARG2 (z52 / make-01
                                                :ARG0 (z53 / kind
                                                           :mod (z54 / some)
                                                           :mod (z55 / bird))
                                                :ARG1 z50)))
               :ARG1-of (z56 / cause-01
                             :ARG0 (z57 / make-01
                                        :ARG0 (z58 / animal
                                                   :ARG0-of (z59 / have-03
                                                                 :ARG1 (z60 / toe
                                                                            :quant 4)
                                                                 :ARG2-of (z61 / include-91
                                                                               :ARG1 (z62 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z63 / point
                                                                                :quant 3
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z64 / point-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z65 / forward))
                                                                                :op2 (z66 / point
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :ARG0-of (z67 / point-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z68 / backward))))))
                                                                 :ARG1 z50)))))
    :ARG1 (z70 / person
               :ARG0-of (z71 / watch-01
                             :ARG1 (z72 / bird))
               :mod (z73 / novice))
    :ARG2 (z74 / stream-03
               :ARG1 (z75 / stream-03
                          :ARG1 (z76 / and
                                     :op1 (z77 / bird)
                                     :op2 (z78 / stream-03
                                               :ARG1 (z79 / animal))))))