Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, studies show that <b> of scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty, a disproportionately large number entered their field at an older age than is usual </b>. Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies' finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have aged but rather that <b> scientists over forty have generally spent too long in their field </b>.

Question: In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

Choices:
- The first is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument; the second is that position.
- The first is evidence that has been used to support an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a competing explanation that the argument favors.
- The first provides evidence to support an explanation that the argument favors; the second is that explanation.
- The first is a claim, the accuracy of which is at issue in the argument; the second is a conclusion drawn on the basis of that claim.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / do-02
              :ARG0 (z2 / scientist)
              :ARG1 (z3 / work-01
                        :ARG0 z2
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / have-degree-91
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / creative)
                                     :ARG3 (z6 / most)))
              :ARG1-of (z7 / typical-02)
              :time (z8 / before
                        :op1 (z9 / age-01
                                 :ARG1 z2
                                 :ARG2 (z10 / temporal-quantity
                                            :quant 40
                                            :unit (z11 / year))))
              :ARG1-of (z12 / cause-01
                            :ARG0 (z13 / think-01
                                       :ARG1 (z14 / this)
                                       :ARG2 (z15 / bring-about-05
                                                  :ARG0 (z16 / age-01
                                                             :mod (z17 / by-oneself))
                                                  :ARG1 (z18 / lose-02
                                                             :ARG0 z16
                                                             :ARG1 (z19 / capacity
                                                                        :mod (z20 / creative))))
                                       :mod (z21 / common))))
    :snt2 (z22 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z23 / show-01
                          :ARG0 (z24 / study-01)
                          :ARG1 (z25 / enter-01
                                     :ARG0 (z26 / scientist
                                                :ARG0-of (z27 / produce-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z28 / work-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z26
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z29 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z30 / creative)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z31 / most)))
                                                              :time (z32 / beyond
                                                                         :op1 (z33 / age-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z26
                                                                                :ARG2 (z34 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 40
                                                                                :unit (z35 / year)))))
                                                :quant (z36 / number
                                                            :mod (z37 / large
                                                                      :mod (z38 / proportionate
                                                                                :polarity -)))
                                                :ARG1 (z39 / field
                                                           :poss z26)
                                                :time (z40 / age-01
                                                           :ARG1 z26
                                                           :ARG1-of (z41 / have-degree-91
                                                                         :ARG2 (z42 / old)
                                                                         :ARG3 (z43 / more)
                                                                         :ARG4 (z44 / usual))))))
               :snt3 (z45 / cause-01
                          :ARG0 (z46 / work-01
                                     :ARG0 (z47 / scientist
                                                :quant (z48 / majority
                                                            :mod (z49 / large)))
                                     :ARG1 z39
                                     :duration (z50 / at-least
                                                    :op1 (z51 / temporal-quantity
                                                              :quant 15
                                                              :unit (z52 / year)))
                                     :time (z53 / age-01
                                                :ARG1 z47
                                                :ARG2 (z54 / at-least)))
                          :ARG1 (z55 / suggest-01
                                     :ARG0 (z56 / thing
                                                :ARG1-of (z57 / find-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z58 / study-01)))
                                     :ARG1 (z59 / contrast-01
                                                :ARG1 (z60 / cause-01
                                                           :polarity -
                                                           :ARG0 (z61 / age-01
                                                                      :ARG1 (z62 / scientist
                                                                                :age (z63 / over
                                                                                :op1 (z64 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 40
                                                                                :unit (z65 / year)))))
                                                           :ARG1 (z66 / produce-01
                                                                      :ARG0 z62
                                                                      :ARG1 (z67 / work-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z62
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z68 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z69 / creative)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z70 / most)))
                                                                      :ARG1-of (z71 / rare-02))
                                                           :ARG1-of (z72 / real-04))
                                                :ARG2 (z73 / contrast-01
                                                           :ARG1 (z74 / cause-01
                                                                      :ARG0 (z75 / age-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z62)
                                                                      :ARG1 (z76 / produce-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z62
                                                                                :ARG1 (z77 / work-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z62
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z78 / high-02))
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z79 / rare-02)))
                                                           :ARG2 (z80 / spend-02
                                                                      :ARG0 (z81 / scientist
                                                                                :age (z82 / over
                                                                                :op1 (z83 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 40
                                                                                :unit (z84 / year))))
                                                                      :ARG1 (z85 / field
                                                                                :poss z62
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z86 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z87 / long-03
                                                                                :ARG1 z85)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z88 / too))
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1000 / general-02)))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z1001 / strong-02)))
               :snt4 (z1002 / contrast-01
                            :ARG2 (z1003 / show-01
                                         :ARG0 (z1004 / study-01)
                                         :ARG1 (z1005 / include-91
                                                      :ARG1 (z1006 / scientist
                                                                   :ARG0-of (z1007 / produce-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1008 / work-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z1006
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z1009 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z1010 / creative)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z1011 / most)))
                                                                                :time (z1012 / after
                                                                                :op1 (z1013 / age-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z1006)
                                                                                :quant (z1014 / multiple
                                                                                :op1 (z1015 / temporal-quantity
                                                                                :quant 1
                                                                                :unit (z1016 / year))))))
                                                      :ARG2 (z1017 / scientist
                                                                   :ARG0-of (z1018 / enter-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z1019 / field
                                                                                :poss z1006)
                                                                                :time (z1020 / age-01
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z89 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z90 / old)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z91 / more)
                                                                                :ARG4 (z92 / age-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z1006
                                                                                :mod (z93 / usual)))))
                                                                   :ARG3 (z94 / number
                                                                              :ARG1-of (z95 / have-quant-91
                                                                                :ARG3 (z96 / large))))))))
    :ARG0 (z98 / study)
    :ARG1 (z99 / enter-01
               :ARG0 (z1021 / scientist
                            :age (z1022 / beyond
                                        :op1 (z1023 / temporal-quantity
                                                    :quant 40
                                                    :unit (z1024 / year)))
                            :ARG1 (z100 / field
                                        :poss z1021)
                            :manner (z101 / age-01
                                          :ARG1 z1021
                                          :ARG1-of (z102 / have-degree-91
                                                         :ARG2 (z103 / old)
                                                         :ARG3 (z104 / more)
                                                         :ARG4 (z105 / age-01
                                                                     :ARG1 z1021))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ do-02(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ scientist(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z3) ∧ work-01(z3) ∧ :ARG0(z3, z2) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ have-degree-91(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ creative(z5) ∧ :ARG3(z4, z6) ∧ most(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z1) ∧ typical-02(z7) ∧ :time(z1, z8) ∧ before(z8) ∧ :op1(z8, z9) ∧ age-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z9, z10) ∧ temporal-quantity(z10) ∧ :quant(z10, 40) ∧ :unit(z10, z11) ∧ year(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z1) ∧ cause-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ think-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ this(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z13, z15) ∧ bring-about-05(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z15, z16) ∧ age-01(z16) ∧ :mod(z16, z17) ∧ by-oneself(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z18) ∧ lose-02(z18) ∧ :ARG0(z18, z16) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ capacity(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ creative(z20) ∧ :mod(z13, z21) ∧ common(z21) ∧ :snt2(z0, z22) ∧ contrast-01(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z23) ∧ show-01(z23) ∧ :ARG0(z23, z24) ∧ study-01(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z25) ∧ enter-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ scientist(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z27, z26) ∧ produce-01(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z28) ∧ work-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z28) ∧ have-degree-91(z29) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z30) ∧ creative(z30) ∧ :ARG3(z29, z31) ∧ most(z31) ∧ :time(z27, z32) ∧ beyond(z32) ∧ :op1(z32, z33) ∧ age-01(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z26) ∧ :ARG2(z33, z34) ∧ temporal-quantity(z34) ∧ :quant(z34, 40) ∧ :unit(z34, z35) ∧ year(z35) ∧ :quant(z26, z36) ∧ number(z36) ∧ :mod(z36, z37) ∧ large(z37) ∧ ¬(:mod(z37, z38) ∧ proportionate(z38)) ∧ :ARG1(z26, z39) ∧ field(z39) ∧ :poss(z39, z26) ∧ :time(z26, z40) ∧ age-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z26) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z40) ∧ have-degree-91(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z41, z42) ∧ old(z42) ∧ :ARG3(z41, z43) ∧ more(z43) ∧ :ARG4(z41, z44) ∧ usual(z44) ∧ :snt3(z22, z45) ∧ cause-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z46) ∧ work-01(z46) ∧ :ARG0(z46, z47) ∧ scientist(z47) ∧ :quant(z47, z48) ∧ majority(z48) ∧ :mod(z48, z49) ∧ large(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z39) ∧ :duration(z46, z50) ∧ at-least(z50) ∧ :op1(z50, z51) ∧ temporal-quantity(z51) ∧ :quant(z51, 15) ∧ :unit(z51, z52) ∧ year(z52) ∧ :time(z46, z53) ∧ age-01(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z47) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z54) ∧ at-least(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z55) ∧ suggest-01(z55) ∧ :ARG0(z55, z56) ∧ thing(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z56) ∧ find-01(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z57, z58) ∧ study-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z59) ∧ contrast-01(z59) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ cause-01(z60) ∧ :ARG0(z60, z61) ∧ age-01(z61) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z62) ∧ scientist(z62) ∧ :age(z62, z63) ∧ over(z63) ∧ :op1(z63, z64) ∧ temporal-quantity(z64) ∧ :quant(z64, 40) ∧ :unit(z64, z65) ∧ year(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z66) ∧ produce-01(z66) ∧ :ARG0(z66, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z66, z67) ∧ work-01(z67) ∧ :ARG0(z67, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z67) ∧ have-degree-91(z68) ∧ :ARG2(z68, z69) ∧ creative(z69) ∧ :ARG3(z68, z70) ∧ most(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z66) ∧ rare-02(z71) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z60) ∧ real-04(z72)) ∧ :ARG2(z59, z73) ∧ contrast-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ cause-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z75) ∧ age-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z76) ∧ produce-01(z76) ∧ :ARG0(z76, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ work-01(z77) ∧ :ARG0(z77, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z78, z77) ∧ high-02(z78) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z76) ∧ rare-02(z79) ∧ :ARG2(z73, z80) ∧ spend-02(z80) ∧ :ARG0(z80, z81) ∧ scientist(z81) ∧ :age(z81, z82) ∧ over(z82) ∧ :op1(z82, z83) ∧ temporal-quantity(z83) ∧ :quant(z83, 40) ∧ :unit(z83, z84) ∧ year(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z85) ∧ field(z85) ∧ :poss(z85, z62) ∧ :ARG1(z86, z85) ∧ have-degree-91(z86) ∧ :ARG2(z86, z87) ∧ long-03(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z87, z85) ∧ :ARG3(z86, z88) ∧ too(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z1000, z85) ∧ general-02(z1000) ∧ :ARG1(z1001, z55) ∧ strong-02(z1001) ∧ :snt4(z22, z1002) ∧ contrast-01(z1002) ∧ :ARG2(z1002, z1003) ∧ show-01(z1003) ∧ :ARG0(z1003, z1004) ∧ study-01(z1004) ∧ :ARG1(z1003, z1005) ∧ include-91(z1005) ∧ :ARG1(z1005, z1006) ∧ scientist(z1006) ∧ :ARG0(z1007, z1006) ∧ produce-01(z1007) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1008) ∧ work-01(z1008) ∧ :ARG0(z1008, z1006) ∧ :ARG1(z1009, z1008) ∧ have-degree-91(z1009) ∧ :ARG2(z1009, z1010) ∧ creative(z1010) ∧ :ARG3(z1009, z1011) ∧ most(z1011) ∧ :time(z1007, z1012) ∧ after(z1012) ∧ :op1(z1012, z1013) ∧ age-01(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1013, z1006) ∧ :quant(z1012, z1014) ∧ multiple(z1014) ∧ :op1(z1014, z1015) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1015) ∧ :quant(z1015, 1) ∧ :unit(z1015, z1016) ∧ year(z1016) ∧ :ARG2(z1005, z1017) ∧ scientist(z1017) ∧ :ARG0(z1018, z1017) ∧ enter-01(z1018) ∧ :ARG1(z1018, z1019) ∧ field(z1019) ∧ :poss(z1019, z1006) ∧ :time(z1018, z1020) ∧ age-01(z1020) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z1020) ∧ have-degree-91(z89) ∧ :ARG2(z89, z90) ∧ old(z90) ∧ :ARG3(z89, z91) ∧ more(z91) ∧ :ARG4(z89, z92) ∧ age-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z1006) ∧ :mod(z92, z93) ∧ usual(z93) ∧ :ARG3(z1017, z94) ∧ number(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z95, z94) ∧ have-quant-91(z95) ∧ :ARG3(z95, z96) ∧ large(z96) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z98) ∧ study(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z0, z99) ∧ enter-01(z99) ∧ :ARG0(z99, z1021) ∧ scientist(z1021) ∧ :age(z1021, z1022) ∧ beyond(z1022) ∧ :op1(z1022, z1023) ∧ temporal-quantity(z1023) ∧ :quant(z1023, 40) ∧ :unit(z1023, z1024) ∧ year(z1024) ∧ :ARG1(z1021, z100) ∧ field(z100) ∧ :poss(z100, z1021) ∧ :manner(z1021, z101) ∧ age-01(z101) ∧ :ARG1(z101, z1021) ∧ :ARG1(z102, z101) ∧ have-degree-91(z102) ∧ :ARG2(z102, z103) ∧ old(z103) ∧ :ARG3(z102, z104) ∧ more(z104) ∧ :ARG4(z102, z105) ∧ age-01(z105) ∧ :ARG1(z105, z1021)


Political struggle is a form of political conflict. It refers to the antagonistic interaction between various political subjects based on their own interest requirements to realize specific rights, revolving around public political power.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is not political struggle?

Choices:
- Riots, armed uprisings and wars
- The struggles of various classes of society, political parties, groups, factions and their representatives in the parliament
- Two councillors publicly preached their political views on the street
- A man bargaining with a pedlar on the street

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / struggle-01
              :mod (z2 / politics)
              :mod (z3 / form
                       :mod (z4 / conflict-01
                                :mod z2)))
    :snt2 (z5 / refer-01
              :ARG0 (z6 / it)
              :ARG1 (z7 / interact-01
                        :ARG0 (z8 / subject
                                  :mod (z9 / politics)
                                  :mod (z10 / various))
                        :ARG1-of (z11 / base-02
                                      :ARG2 (z12 / require-01
                                                 :ARG0 z8
                                                 :ARG1 (z13 / realize-02
                                                            :ARG0 z8
                                                            :ARG1 (z14 / right-05
                                                                       :ARG1 z8
                                                                       :ARG1-of (z15 / specific-02)))
                                                 :ARG2 z8
                                                 :ARG1-of (z16 / interest-01)))
                        :ARG0-of (z17 / antagonize-01)
                        :ARG1-of (z18 / revolve-01
                                      :ARG2 (z19 / power
                                                 :mod (z20 / politics)
                                                 :ARG1-of (z21 / public-02)))
                        :ARG1-of (z22 / revolve-01
                                      :ARG2 (z23 / power
                                                 :mod z20))))
    :snt3 (z24 / refer-03
               :ARG0 (z25 / it)
               :ARG1 (z26 / interact-01
                          :ARG0 z8
                          :ARG1-of (z27 / revolve-01
                                        :ARG2 (z28 / around
                                                   :op1 (z29 / power
                                                             :mod (z30 / politics)
                                                             :ARG1-of (z31 / public-02))))
                          :ARG1-of (z32 / base-02
                                        :ARG2 (z33 / require-01
                                                   :ARG0 z8
                                                   :ARG1 (z34 / realize-02
                                                              :ARG0 z8
                                                              :ARG1 (z35 / right-05
                                                                         :ARG1-of (z36 / specific-02)))))
                          :ARG1-of (z37 / regular-02)
                          :ARG0-of (z38 / break-heart-31))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ struggle-01(z1) ∧ :mod(z1, z2) ∧ politics(z2) ∧ :mod(z1, z3) ∧ form(z3) ∧ :mod(z3, z4) ∧ conflict-01(z4) ∧ :mod(z4, z2) ∧ :snt2(z0, z5) ∧ refer-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ it(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z7) ∧ interact-01(z7) ∧ :ARG0(z7, z8) ∧ subject(z8) ∧ :mod(z8, z9) ∧ politics(z9) ∧ :mod(z8, z10) ∧ various(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z7) ∧ base-02(z11) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z12) ∧ require-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ realize-02(z13) ∧ :ARG0(z13, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ right-05(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z15, z14) ∧ specific-02(z15) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z12) ∧ interest-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z17, z7) ∧ antagonize-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z7) ∧ revolve-01(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z19) ∧ power(z19) ∧ :mod(z19, z20) ∧ politics(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z19) ∧ public-02(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z7) ∧ revolve-01(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z22, z23) ∧ power(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z20) ∧ :snt3(z0, z24) ∧ refer-03(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z24, z25) ∧ it(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z26) ∧ interact-01(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z26) ∧ revolve-01(z27) ∧ :ARG2(z27, z28) ∧ around(z28) ∧ :op1(z28, z29) ∧ power(z29) ∧ :mod(z29, z30) ∧ politics(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z29) ∧ public-02(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z26) ∧ base-02(z32) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z33) ∧ require-01(z33) ∧ :ARG0(z33, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z33, z34) ∧ realize-02(z34) ∧ :ARG0(z34, z8) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ right-05(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z35) ∧ specific-02(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z26) ∧ regular-02(z37) ∧ :ARG0(z38, z26) ∧ break-heart-31(z38)


Dietitian: High consumption of sodium increases some people' s chances of developing heart disease. To maintain cardiac health without lowering sodium consumption, ttherefore, these people should eat fresh, rather than canned or frozen, fruit and vegetables, since the potassium in plant foods helps to prevent sodium' s malign effects.

Question: Which one of the following is an assumption required by the dietitian's argument?

Choices:
- Food processing businesses often add sodium to foods being canned or frozen.
- Potassium is the only mineral that helps to prevent sodium's malign effects.
- Fresh fruits and vegetables contain more potassium than do canned or frozen ones.
- Fresh fruits and vegetables contain more potassium than sodium.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / say-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / dietitian)
              :ARG1 (z3 / increase-01
                        :ARG0 (z4 / consume-01
                                  :ARG1 (z5 / sodium)
                                  :ARG1-of (z6 / high-02))
                        :ARG1 (z7 / chance-02
                                  :ARG0 (z8 / person
                                            :mod (z9 / some))
                                  :ARG1 (z10 / develop-02
                                             :ARG1 (z11 / disease
                                                        :mod (z12 / heart))))))
    :snt2 (z13 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z14 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z15 / eat-01
                                     :ARG0 (z16 / person
                                                :mod (z17 / this))
                                     :ARG1 (z18 / and
                                                :op1 (z19 / fruit)
                                                :op2 (z20 / vegetable)
                                                :ARG1-of (z21 / fresh-04)
                                                :ARG1-of (z22 / instead-of-91
                                                              :ARG2 (z23 / or
                                                                         :op1 (z24 / can-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z18)
                                                                         :op2 (z25 / freeze-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z18))))
                                     :ARG1-of (z26 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z27 / help-01
                                                              :ARG0 (z28 / potassium
                                                                         :location (z29 / food
                                                                                :mod (z30 / plant)))
                                                              :ARG1 (z31 / prevent-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z28
                                                                         :ARG1 (z32 / affect-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z5
                                                                                :ARG1 (z33 / malign-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z5))))))
                          :purpose (z34 / maintain-01
                                        :ARG1 (z35 / healthy
                                                   :mod (z36 / heart))
                                        :manner (z37 / lower-05
                                                     :polarity -
                                                     :ARG1 (z38 / consume-01
                                                                :ARG1 z5)))))
    :snt3 (z39 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z40 / eat-01
                          :ARG0 (z41 / person
                                     :mod (z42 / this))
                          :ARG1 (z43 / and
                                     :op1 (z44 / fruit)
                                     :op2 (z45 / vegetable)
                                     :ARG1-of (z46 / fresh-04)
                                     :ARG1-of (z47 / instead-of-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z48 / or
                                                              :op1 (z49 / can-01
                                                                        :ARG1 z43)
                                                              :op2 (z50 / freeze-01
                                                                        :ARG1 z43))))
                          :ARG1-of (z51 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z52 / help-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z53 / potassium
                                                              :location (z54 / food
                                                                             :mod (z55 / plant)))
                                                   :ARG1 (z56 / prevent-01
                                                              :ARG0 z53
                                                              :ARG1 (z57 / affect-01
                                                                         :ARG0 (z58 / sodium)
                                                                         :ARG1 (z59 / malign-01
                                                                                :ARG0 z58)))))
                          :ARG1-of (z60 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z61 / recommend-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z62 / recommend-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z63 / eat-01
                                                                         :ARG0 z41
                                                                         :ARG1 (z64 / and
                                                                                :op1 (z65 / fruit)
                                                                                :op2 (z66 / vegetable)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z67 / fresh-04)
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z68 / instead-of-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z69 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z70 / can-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z36)
                                                                                :op2 (z71 / freeze-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z36))))))))))
    :snt4 (z72 / say-01
               :ARG0 (z73 / i)
               :ARG1 (z74 / have-concession-91
                          :ARG1 (z75 / recommend-01
                                     :ARG1 (z76 / maintain-01
                                                :ARG1 (z77 / healthy
                                                           :mod (z78 / heart))
                                                :manner (z79 / lower-05
                                                             :polarity -
                                                             :ARG1 (z80 / consume-01
                                                                        :ARG1 z5))))
                          :ARG2 (z81 / and
                                     :op1 (z82 / go-01
                                               :ARG1 (z83 / person)
                                               :ARG2 (z84 / out))
                                     :op2 (z85 / bouquet-01
                                               :ARG1 z41)))))


Narcissistic personality disorder is a complex personality disorder that is often misunderstood, which is characterized by exaggeration of self-worth and lack of public perception towards others. People with this personality disorder often have a sense of privilege and expect to receive special treatment, and their friendships are mostly based on interests.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following is not a manifestation of narcissistic personality disorder?

Choices:
- Xiao Zhang always thinks he is the best person and deserves all the honors
- Xiao Zhao always threw away the gifts carefully selected by his friends and didn't bother to open them
- When Xiao Liu was in the dormitory, he liked to instruct others, and even asked for help with towels
- Xiaolin has always persevered in his own goals and doesn't care about the comments of others

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / disorder
              :mod (z2 / complex)
              :mod (z3 / personality)
              :ARG1-of (z4 / misunderstand-01
                           :frequency (z5 / often))
              :ARG1-of (z6 / characterize-01
                           :ARG2 (z7 / and
                                     :op1 (z8 / exaggerate-01
                                              :ARG1 (z9 / worth-02
                                                        :ARG1 (z10 / self)))
                                     :op2 (z11 / lack-01
                                               :ARG1 (z12 / perceive-01
                                                          :ARG0 (z13 / public)
                                                          :ARG1 (z14 / person
                                                                     :mod (z15 / other))))))
              :domain (z16 / disorder
                           :mod (z17 / personality)
                           :mod (z18 / narcissism)))
    :snt2 (z19 / and
               :op1 (z20 / sense-01
                         :ARG0 (z21 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z22 / have-03
                                                  :ARG1 (z23 / disorder
                                                             :mod (z24 / personality)
                                                             :mod (z25 / this))))
                         :ARG1 (z26 / privilege)
                         :frequency (z27 / often))
               :op2 (z28 / expect-01
                         :ARG0 z21
                         :ARG1 (z29 / receive-01
                                    :ARG0 z21
                                    :ARG1 (z30 / treat-01
                                               :ARG1 z21
                                               :ARG1-of (z31 / special-02))))
               :op3 (z32 / base-02
                         :ARG1 (z33 / friendship
                                    :poss z21)
                         :ARG2 (z34 / interest)
                         :mod (z35 / most)))
    :snt3 (z36 / go-01
               :ARG1 (z37 / time)
               :direction (z38 / out)
               :manner (z39 / go-01
                            :ARG1 (z40 / time)
                            :direction (z41 / back)))
    :snt4 (z42 / base-02
               :ARG1 (z43 / friendship
                          :poss (z44 / they))
               :ARG2 (z45 / interest)
               :mod (z46 / most)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ disorder(z1) ∧ :mod(z1, z2) ∧ complex(z2) ∧ :mod(z1, z3) ∧ personality(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z1) ∧ misunderstand-01(z4) ∧ :frequency(z4, z5) ∧ often(z5) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z1) ∧ characterize-01(z6) ∧ :ARG2(z6, z7) ∧ and(z7) ∧ :op1(z7, z8) ∧ exaggerate-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ worth-02(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ self(z10) ∧ :op2(z7, z11) ∧ lack-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ perceive-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ public(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z14) ∧ person(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ other(z15) ∧ :domain(z1, z16) ∧ disorder(z16) ∧ :mod(z16, z17) ∧ personality(z17) ∧ :mod(z16, z18) ∧ narcissism(z18) ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ and(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ sense-01(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z20, z21) ∧ person(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z22, z21) ∧ have-03(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z22, z23) ∧ disorder(z23) ∧ :mod(z23, z24) ∧ personality(z24) ∧ :mod(z23, z25) ∧ this(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z26) ∧ privilege(z26) ∧ :frequency(z20, z27) ∧ often(z27) ∧ :op2(z19, z28) ∧ expect-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z21) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ receive-01(z29) ∧ :ARG0(z29, z21) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ treat-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z21) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z30) ∧ special-02(z31) ∧ :op3(z19, z32) ∧ base-02(z32) ∧ :ARG1(z32, z33) ∧ friendship(z33) ∧ :poss(z33, z21) ∧ :ARG2(z32, z34) ∧ interest(z34) ∧ :mod(z32, z35) ∧ most(z35) ∧ :snt3(z0, z36) ∧ go-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z37) ∧ time(z37) ∧ :direction(z36, z38) ∧ out(z38) ∧ :manner(z36, z39) ∧ go-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ time(z40) ∧ :direction(z39, z41) ∧ back(z41) ∧ :snt4(z0, z42) ∧ base-02(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z43) ∧ friendship(z43) ∧ :poss(z43, z44) ∧ they(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z42, z45) ∧ interest(z45) ∧ :mod(z42, z46) ∧ most(z46)


The scene of the times has changed so much that in order for the younger generation to really remember history, we should not stop at conceptual preaching. A truly complete and effective history education should be integrated into life. It should not only be seen in memorials and in books, It should also infiltrate into the neighborhoods and scenes of our lives in a rich and appropriate form. Only in this way can it be transformed into the collective memory of the whole nation.

Question: Which of the following is an accurate summary of this passage?

Choices:
- The significance of history education
- The form of history education should be lifelike
- History education is available anytime, anywhere
- History exists in the collective memory of the nation

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / change-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / scene
                        :mod (z3 / time))
              :ARG1-of (z4 / have-quant-91
                           :ARG2 (z5 / much)
                           :ARG3 (z6 / so)
                           :ARG6 (z7 / recommend-01
                                     :ARG1 (z8 / stop-01
                                               :polarity -
                                               :ARG0 (z9 / we)
                                               :ARG1 (z10 / preach-01
                                                          :ARG0 z9
                                                          :mod (z11 / conceptual))
                                               :purpose (z12 / remember-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z13 / generation
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z14 / have-degree-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z15 / young)
                                                                                :ARG3 (z16 / more)))
                                                             :ARG1 (z17 / history)
                                                             :ARG1-of (z18 / real-04)))
                                     :purpose z12)))
    :snt2 (z19 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z20 / integrate-01
                          :ARG1 (z21 / educate-01
                                     :ARG2 (z22 / history)
                                     :ARG1-of (z23 / complete-02
                                                   :degree (z24 / truly))
                                     :ARG0-of (z25 / effective-04
                                                   :degree (z26 / truly)))
                          :ARG2 (z27 / life)))
    :snt3 (z28 / recommend-01
               :ARG1 (z29 / and
                          :op1 (z30 / see-01
                                    :ARG1 (z31 / it)
                                    :location (z32 / and
                                                   :op1 (z33 / memorial)
                                                   :op2 (z34 / book)))
                          :op2 (z35 / infiltrate-01
                                    :ARG0 z31
                                    :ARG1 (z36 / and
                                               :op1 (z37 / neighborhood)
                                               :op2 (z38 / scene
                                                         :part-of (z39 / live-01
                                                                       :ARG0 (z40 / we))))
                                    :mod (z41 / form
                                              :ARG1-of (z42 / appropriate-02)
                                              :mod (z43 / rich))
                                    :mod (z44 / also)))
               :snt4 (z45 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z46 / transform-01
                                     :ARG1 z31
                                     :ARG2 (z47 / memory
                                                :mod (z48 / collective)
                                                :poss (z49 / nation
                                                           :mod (z50 / whole)))
                                     :manner (z51 / way
                                                  :mod (z52 / this)
                                                  :mod (z53 / only))))
               :snt5 (z54 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z55 / integrate-01
                                     :ARG1 (z56 / educate-01
                                                :ARG2 (z57 / history)
                                                :ARG1-of (z58 / complete-02
                                                              :degree (z59 / truly)))
                                     :ARG2 (z60 / life)))
               :snt6 (z61 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z62 / stop-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG0 z9
                                     :ARG1 (z63 / preach-01
                                                :ARG0 z9
                                                :mod (z64 / conceptual))
                                     :purpose (z65 / remember-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z66 / generation
                                                              :ARG1-of (z67 / have-degree-91
                                                                            :ARG2 (z68 / young)
                                                                            :ARG3 (z69 / more)))
                                                   :ARG1 (z70 / history)
                                                   :ARG1-of (z71 / real-04))))
               :snt7 (z72 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z73 / go-01
                                     :ARG1 (z74 / it)
                                     :ARG4 (z75 / age-01
                                                :ARG1 z74
                                                :ARG2 (z76 / life))
                                     :ARG1-of (z77 / have-degree-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z78 / much)
                                                   :ARG3 (z79 / so)
                                                   :ARG6 (z80 / change-01
                                                              :ARG1 z74))))
               :snt8 (z81 / recommend-01
                          :ARG1 (z82 / come-in-07
                                     :ARG1 z74
                                     :ARG2 (z83 / and
                                                :op1 (z84 / neighborhood)
                                                :op2 (z85 / scene
                                                          :part-of (z86 / life
                                                                        :poss z40)))
                                     :manner (z87 / form
                                                  :ARG1-of (z88 / rich)
                                                  :ARG1-of (z89 / appropriate-02))))
               :snt9 (z90 / possible-01
                          :ARG1 (z91 / transform-01
                                     :ARG1 (z92 / it)
                                     :ARG2 (z93 / memory
                                                :mod (z94 / collective)
                                                :poss (z95 / nation
                                                           :mod (z96 / whole))))
                          :snt10 (z97 / way
                                      :mod (z98 / only)
                                      :mod (z99 / this)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ change-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ scene(z2) ∧ :mod(z2, z3) ∧ time(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z1) ∧ have-quant-91(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ much(z5) ∧ :ARG3(z4, z6) ∧ so(z6) ∧ :ARG6(z4, z7) ∧ recommend-01(z7) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z7, z8) ∧ stop-01(z8) ∧ :ARG0(z8, z9) ∧ we(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z10) ∧ preach-01(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z9) ∧ :mod(z10, z11) ∧ conceptual(z11) ∧ :purpose(z8, z12) ∧ remember-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z13) ∧ generation(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z14, z13) ∧ have-degree-91(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ young(z15) ∧ :ARG3(z14, z16) ∧ more(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z17) ∧ history(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z12) ∧ real-04(z18)) ∧ :purpose(z7, z12) ∧ :snt2(z0, z19) ∧ recommend-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ integrate-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ educate-01(z21) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z22) ∧ history(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z21) ∧ complete-02(z23) ∧ :degree(z23, z24) ∧ truly(z24) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z21) ∧ effective-04(z25) ∧ :degree(z25, z26) ∧ truly(z26) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z27) ∧ life(z27) ∧ :snt3(z0, z28) ∧ recommend-01(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z29) ∧ and(z29) ∧ :op1(z29, z30) ∧ see-01(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ it(z31) ∧ :location(z30, z32) ∧ and(z32) ∧ :op1(z32, z33) ∧ memorial(z33) ∧ :op2(z32, z34) ∧ book(z34) ∧ :op2(z29, z35) ∧ infiltrate-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z31) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ and(z36) ∧ :op1(z36, z37) ∧ neighborhood(z37) ∧ :op2(z36, z38) ∧ scene(z38) ∧ :part(z39, z38) ∧ live-01(z39) ∧ :ARG0(z39, z40) ∧ we(z40) ∧ :mod(z35, z41) ∧ form(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z41) ∧ appropriate-02(z42) ∧ :mod(z41, z43) ∧ rich(z43) ∧ :mod(z35, z44) ∧ also(z44) ∧ :snt4(z28, z45) ∧ possible-01(z45) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z46) ∧ transform-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z31) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z47) ∧ memory(z47) ∧ :mod(z47, z48) ∧ collective(z48) ∧ :poss(z47, z49) ∧ nation(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ whole(z50) ∧ :manner(z46, z51) ∧ way(z51) ∧ :mod(z51, z52) ∧ this(z52) ∧ :mod(z51, z53) ∧ only(z53) ∧ :snt5(z28, z54) ∧ recommend-01(z54) ∧ :ARG1(z54, z55) ∧ integrate-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ educate-01(z56) ∧ :ARG2(z56, z57) ∧ history(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z56) ∧ complete-02(z58) ∧ :degree(z58, z59) ∧ truly(z59) ∧ :ARG2(z55, z60) ∧ life(z60) ∧ :snt6(z28, z61) ∧ recommend-01(z61) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z61, z62) ∧ stop-01(z62) ∧ :ARG0(z62, z9) ∧ :ARG1(z62, z63) ∧ preach-01(z63) ∧ :ARG0(z63, z9) ∧ :mod(z63, z64) ∧ conceptual(z64) ∧ :purpose(z62, z65) ∧ remember-01(z65) ∧ :ARG0(z65, z66) ∧ generation(z66) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z66) ∧ have-degree-91(z67) ∧ :ARG2(z67, z68) ∧ young(z68) ∧ :ARG3(z67, z69) ∧ more(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z65, z70) ∧ history(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z65) ∧ real-04(z71)) ∧ :snt7(z28, z72) ∧ recommend-01(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z72, z73) ∧ go-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ it(z74) ∧ :ARG4(z73, z75) ∧ age-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z74) ∧ :ARG2(z75, z76) ∧ life(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z73) ∧ have-degree-91(z77) ∧ :ARG2(z77, z78) ∧ much(z78) ∧ :ARG3(z77, z79) ∧ so(z79) ∧ :ARG6(z77, z80) ∧ change-01(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z74) ∧ :snt8(z28, z81) ∧ recommend-01(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z81, z82) ∧ come-in-07(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z74) ∧ :ARG2(z82, z83) ∧ and(z83) ∧ :op1(z83, z84) ∧ neighborhood(z84) ∧ :op2(z83, z85) ∧ scene(z85) ∧ :part(z86, z85) ∧ life(z86) ∧ :poss(z86, z40) ∧ :manner(z82, z87) ∧ form(z87) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z87) ∧ rich(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z87) ∧ appropriate-02(z89) ∧ :snt9(z28, z90) ∧ possible-01(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z91) ∧ transform-01(z91) ∧ :ARG1(z91, z92) ∧ it(z92) ∧ :ARG2(z91, z93) ∧ memory(z93) ∧ :mod(z93, z94) ∧ collective(z94) ∧ :poss(z93, z95) ∧ nation(z95) ∧ :mod(z95, z96) ∧ whole(z96) ∧ :snt10(z90, z97) ∧ way(z97) ∧ :mod(z97, z98) ∧ only(z98) ∧ :mod(z97, z99) ∧ this(z99)


Astronomer: Does a recent meteorite from Mars contain fossilized bacteria? Professor Tagar, a biologist, argues that the bacteria-like structures found in the meteorite cannot be fossilized bacteria, on the grounds that they are one-tenth of 1 percent the volume of the smallest earthly bacteria. However, Tagar' s view cannot be right. Tagar does not accept the views of biologists Swiderski and Terrada, who maintain that Martian bacteria would shrink to one-tenth of 1 percent of their normal volume when water or other nutrients were in short supply.

Question: Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning in the astronomer's argument?

Choices:
- The argument presumes, without providing justification, that the authorities cited have always held the views attributed to them.
- The argument presumes, without providing justification, that the opinions of all experts are equally justified.
- The argument appeals to views that contradict rather than support one another.
- The argument provides no justification for giving preference to the views of one rather than the other of two competing sets of authorities.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / ask-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / contain-01
                        :ARG0 (z3 / meteorite
                                  :source (z4 / planet
                                              :wiki "Mars"
                                              :name (z5 / name
                                                        :op1 "Mars"))
                                  :time (z6 / recent))
                        :ARG1 (z7 / bacterium
                                  :ARG1-of (z8 / fossilize-01))
                        :polarity (z9 / amr-unknown))
              :ARG2 (z10 / astronaut))
    :snt2 (z11 / argue-01
               :ARG0 (z12 / person
                          :wiki -
                          :name (z13 / name
                                     :op1 "Tagar")
                          :ARG0-of (z14 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z15 / biologist))
                          :ARG0-of (z16 / have-org-role-91
                                        :ARG2 (z17 / professor)))
               :ARG1 (z18 / possible-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG1 (z19 / fossilize-01
                                     :ARG1 (z20 / structure
                                                :ARG1-of (z21 / resemble-01
                                                              :ARG2 (z22 / bacterium))
                                                :ARG1-of (z23 / find-01
                                                              :location (z24 / meteorite))))
                          :ARG1-of (z25 / cause-01
                                        :ARG0 (z26 / volume
                                                   :poss (z27 / bacterium
                                                              :ARG1-of (z28 / have-degree-91
                                                                            :ARG2 (z29 / small)
                                                                            :ARG3 (z30 / most)
                                                                            :ARG5 (z31 / bacterium
                                                                                :location (z32 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Earth"
                                                                                :name (z33 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Earth")))))
                                                   :domain z20
                                                   :ARG1-of (z34 / have-quant-91
                                                                 :ARG3 (z35 / times
                                                                            :quant (z36 / percentage-entity
                                                                                :value 10))
                                                                 :ARG4 (z37 / volume
                                                                            :poss z27
                                                                            :ARG1-of (z38 / normal-02))))))
               :snt3 (z39 / contrast-01
                          :ARG2 (z40 / possible-01
                                     :polarity -
                                     :ARG1 (z41 / right-06
                                                :ARG1 (z42 / view-02
                                                           :ARG0 (z43 / person
                                                                      :wiki -
                                                                      :name (z44 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Tagar"))))))
               :snt4 (z45 / accept-01
                          :polarity -
                          :ARG0 (z46 / person
                                     :wiki -
                                     :name (z47 / name
                                                :op1 "Tagar")
                                     :ARG0-of (z48 / have-org-role-91
                                                   :ARG2 (z49 / biologist)))
                          :ARG1 (z50 / view-02
                                     :ARG0 (z51 / and
                                                :op1 (z52 / person
                                                          :wiki -
                                                          :name (z53 / name
                                                                     :op1 "Swiderski")
                                                          :ARG0-of (z54 / biologist))
                                                :op2 (z55 / person
                                                          :wiki -
                                                          :name (z56 / name
                                                                     :op1 "Terrada")
                                                          :ARG0-of (z57 / biologist))
                                                :ARG0-of (z58 / maintain-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z59 / shrink-01
                                                                         :ARG1 (z60 / bacterium
                                                                                :mod (z61 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Mars"
                                                                                :name (z62 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Mars")))
                                                                         :ARG4 (z63 / up-to
                                                                                :op1 (z64 / volume-quantity
                                                                                :quant "1/10"
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z65 / include-91
                                                                                :ARG2 (z66 / volume
                                                                                :poss z60
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z67 / normal-02))))
                                                                                :time (z68 / supply-01
                                                                                :ARG1 (z69 / or
                                                                                :op1 (z70 / water)
                                                                                :op2 (z71 / nutrient
                                                                                :mod (z72 / other)))
                                                                                :ARG1-of (z73 / short-06)))))))
                          :snt6 (z74 / accept-01
                                     :ARG0 (z75 / you)
                                     :ARG1 (z76 / shrink-01
                                                :ARG1 (z77 / volume
                                                           :poss (z78 / bacterium
                                                                      :mod (z79 / planet
                                                                                :wiki "Mars"
                                                                                :name (z80 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Mars"))))
                                                :ARG4 (z81 / up-to
                                                           :op1 (z82 / percentage-entity
                                                                     :value "1/10")))
                                     :time (z83 / supply-01
                                                :ARG1 (z84 / or
                                                           :op1 (z85 / water)
                                                           :op2 (z86 / nutrient
                                                                     :mod (z87 / other)))
                                                :ARG2-of (z88 / short-06))))
               :snt7 (z89 / say-01
                          :ARG0 (z90 / i)
                          :ARG1 (z91 / contrast-01
                                     :ARG2 (z92 / possible-01
                                                :polarity -
                                                :ARG1 (z93 / right-06
                                                           :ARG1 (z1000 / view-02
                                                                        :ARG0 (z1001 / person
                                                                                :wiki -
                                                                                :name (z1002 / name
                                                                                :op1 "Tagar"))))))))
    :ARG0 (z1004 / person
                 :wiki -
                 :name (z1005 / name
                              :op1 "Astronomer"))
    :ARG1 (z1006 / and
                 :op1 (z1007 / strawman-00
                             :ARG1 (z1008 / meteorite
                                          :source (z1009 / planet
                                                         :wiki "Mars"
                                                         :name (z1010 / name
                                                                      :op1 "Mars"))))
                 :op2 (z1011 / contain-01
                             :ARG0 (z1012 / meteorite)
                             :ARG1 (z1013 / bacterium
                                          :ARG1-of (z1014 / fossilize-01))
                             :polarity (z1015 / amr-unknown))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ ask-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ contain-01(z2) ∧ :ARG0(z2, z3) ∧ meteorite(z3) ∧ :source(z3, z4) ∧ planet(z4) ∧ :wiki(z4, "Mars") ∧ :name(z4, z5) ∧ name(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, "Mars") ∧ :time(z3, z6) ∧ recent(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z7) ∧ bacterium(z7) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z7) ∧ fossilize-01(z8) ∧ :polarity(z2, z9) ∧ amr-unknown(z9) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z10) ∧ astronaut(z10) ∧ :snt2(z0, z11) ∧ argue-01(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z11, z12) ∧ person(z12) ∧ :wiki(z12, -) ∧ :name(z12, z13) ∧ name(z13) ∧ :op1(z13, "Tagar") ∧ :ARG0(z14, z12) ∧ have-org-role-91(z14) ∧ :ARG2(z14, z15) ∧ biologist(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z12) ∧ have-org-role-91(z16) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z17) ∧ professor(z17) ∧ ¬(:ARG1(z11, z18) ∧ possible-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ fossilize-01(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z20) ∧ structure(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z20) ∧ resemble-01(z21) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z22) ∧ bacterium(z22) ∧ :ARG1(z23, z20) ∧ find-01(z23) ∧ :location(z23, z24) ∧ meteorite(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z18) ∧ cause-01(z25) ∧ :ARG0(z25, z26) ∧ volume(z26) ∧ :poss(z26, z27) ∧ bacterium(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z27) ∧ have-degree-91(z28) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z29) ∧ small(z29) ∧ :ARG3(z28, z30) ∧ most(z30) ∧ :ARG5(z28, z31) ∧ bacterium(z31) ∧ :location(z31, z32) ∧ planet(z32) ∧ :wiki(z32, "Earth") ∧ :name(z32, z33) ∧ name(z33) ∧ :op1(z33, "Earth") ∧ :domain(z26, z20) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z26) ∧ have-quant-91(z34) ∧ :ARG3(z34, z35) ∧ times(z35) ∧ :quant(z35, z36) ∧ percentage-entity(z36) ∧ :value(z36, 10) ∧ :ARG4(z34, z37) ∧ volume(z37) ∧ :poss(z37, z27) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z37) ∧ normal-02(z38)) ∧ :snt3(z11, z39) ∧ contrast-01(z39) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z39, z40) ∧ possible-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ right-06(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ view-02(z42) ∧ :ARG0(z42, z43) ∧ person(z43) ∧ :wiki(z43, -) ∧ :name(z43, z44) ∧ name(z44) ∧ :op1(z44, "Tagar")) ∧ ¬(:snt4(z11, z45) ∧ accept-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z46) ∧ person(z46) ∧ :wiki(z46, -) ∧ :name(z46, z47) ∧ name(z47) ∧ :op1(z47, "Tagar") ∧ :ARG0(z48, z46) ∧ have-org-role-91(z48) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z49) ∧ biologist(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z50) ∧ view-02(z50) ∧ :ARG0(z50, z51) ∧ and(z51) ∧ :op1(z51, z52) ∧ person(z52) ∧ :wiki(z52, -) ∧ :name(z52, z53) ∧ name(z53) ∧ :op1(z53, "Swiderski") ∧ :ARG0(z54, z52) ∧ biologist(z54) ∧ :op2(z51, z55) ∧ person(z55) ∧ :wiki(z55, -) ∧ :name(z55, z56) ∧ name(z56) ∧ :op1(z56, "Terrada") ∧ :ARG0(z57, z55) ∧ biologist(z57) ∧ :ARG0(z58, z51) ∧ maintain-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ shrink-01(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z60) ∧ bacterium(z60) ∧ :mod(z60, z61) ∧ planet(z61) ∧ :wiki(z61, "Mars") ∧ :name(z61, z62) ∧ name(z62) ∧ :op1(z62, "Mars") ∧ :ARG4(z59, z63) ∧ up-to(z63) ∧ :op1(z63, z64) ∧ volume-quantity(z64) ∧ :quant(z64, "1/10") ∧ :ARG1(z65, z64) ∧ include-91(z65) ∧ :ARG2(z65, z66) ∧ volume(z66) ∧ :poss(z66, z60) ∧ :ARG1(z67, z66) ∧ normal-02(z67) ∧ :time(z63, z68) ∧ supply-01(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z69) ∧ or(z69) ∧ :op1(z69, z70) ∧ water(z70) ∧ :op2(z69, z71) ∧ nutrient(z71) ∧ :mod(z71, z72) ∧ other(z72) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z68) ∧ short-06(z73) ∧ :snt6(z45, z74) ∧ accept-01(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z74, z75) ∧ you(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z76) ∧ shrink-01(z76) ∧ :ARG1(z76, z77) ∧ volume(z77) ∧ :poss(z77, z78) ∧ bacterium(z78) ∧ :mod(z78, z79) ∧ planet(z79) ∧ :wiki(z79, "Mars") ∧ :name(z79, z80) ∧ name(z80) ∧ :op1(z80, "Mars") ∧ :ARG4(z76, z81) ∧ up-to(z81) ∧ :op1(z81, z82) ∧ percentage-entity(z82) ∧ :value(z82, "1/10") ∧ :time(z74, z83) ∧ supply-01(z83) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z84) ∧ or(z84) ∧ :op1(z84, z85) ∧ water(z85) ∧ :op2(z84, z86) ∧ nutrient(z86) ∧ :mod(z86, z87) ∧ other(z87) ∧ :ARG2(z88, z83) ∧ short-06(z88)) ∧ :snt7(z11, z89) ∧ say-01(z89) ∧ :ARG0(z89, z90) ∧ i(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z89, z91) ∧ contrast-01(z91) ∧ ¬(:ARG2(z91, z92) ∧ possible-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ right-06(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z1000) ∧ view-02(z1000) ∧ :ARG0(z1000, z1001) ∧ person(z1001) ∧ :wiki(z1001, -) ∧ :name(z1001, z1002) ∧ name(z1002) ∧ :op1(z1002, "Tagar")) ∧ :ARG0(z0, z1004) ∧ person(z1004) ∧ :wiki(z1004, -) ∧ :name(z1004, z1005) ∧ name(z1005) ∧ :op1(z1005, "Astronomer") ∧ :ARG1(z0, z1006) ∧ and(z1006) ∧ :op1(z1006, z1007) ∧ strawman-00(z1007) ∧ :ARG1(z1007, z1008) ∧ meteorite(z1008) ∧ :source(z1008, z1009) ∧ planet(z1009) ∧ :wiki(z1009, "Mars") ∧ :name(z1009, z1010) ∧ name(z1010) ∧ :op1(z1010, "Mars") ∧ :op2(z1006, z1011) ∧ contain-01(z1011) ∧ :ARG0(z1011, z1012) ∧ meteorite(z1012) ∧ :ARG1(z1011, z1013) ∧ bacterium(z1013) ∧ :ARG1(z1014, z1013) ∧ fossilize-01(z1014) ∧ :polarity(z1011, z1015) ∧ amr-unknown(z1015)


The modernization of organ administration refers to the democratization of organ administrative concepts, the humanization of rules and regulations and the scientization of management means. Organ administration is the objective need of the development of modern society and the progress of science and technology. It is an important part of economic and social development. Now, the administrative environment has undergone fundamental and epoch-making changes,

Question: Which of the following options complements the above  best:?

Choices:
- Administrative organs should not be conservative and stagnant. They must develop with the development of the times and change with the changes of the times
- Administrative organs must establish a strong concept of timeliness and serve the executive heads and administrative departments in a timely and efficient manner
- Every administrative organ must formulate effective rules and regulations, which is the guarantee to realize the standardized management of administrative organs and improve administrative efficiency
- With the development of science and technology and computer network technology, administrative organs must realize office automation and networking

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / refer-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / modernize-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / administrate-01
                                  :ARG1 (z4 / organ)))
              :ARG2 (z5 / and
                        :op1 (z6 / democratize-01
                                 :ARG1 (z7 / concept
                                           :mod (z8 / administrate-01
                                                    :ARG1 z4)))
                        :op2 (z9 / humanize-01
                                 :ARG1 (z10 / and
                                            :op1 (z11 / rule)
                                            :op2 (z12 / regulate-01)))
                        :op3 (z13 / scientize-01
                                  :ARG1 (z14 / means
                                             :mod (z15 / manage-01)))))
    :snt2 (z16 / need-01
               :ARG0 (z17 / and
                          :op1 (z18 / develop-02
                                    :ARG1 (z19 / society
                                               :ARG1-of (z20 / modern-02)))
                          :op2 (z21 / progress-01
                                    :ARG1 (z22 / and
                                               :op1 (z23 / science)
                                               :op2 (z24 / technology))))
               :ARG1 (z25 / administrate-01
                          :ARG1 (z26 / organ))
               :mod (z27 / objective))
    :snt3 (z28 / need-01
               :ARG0 (z29 / develop-02
                          :ARG1 (z30 / economy))
               :ARG1 (z31 / develop-02
                          :ARG1 (z32 / society)))
    :snt4 (z33 / it
               :part-of (z34 / develop-02
                             :ARG1 (z35 / and
                                        :op1 (z36 / economy)
                                        :op2 (z37 / society)))
               :ARG1-of (z38 / important-01))
    :snt5 (z39 / undergo-28
               :ARG1 (z40 / environment
                          :mod (z41 / administrate-01))
               :ARG2 (z42 / change-01
                          :ARG1 z40
                          :mod (z43 / fundamental)
                          :ARG0-of (z44 / make-01
                                        :ARG1 (z45 / epoch)))
               :snt6 (z46 / undergo-28
                          :ARG1 z40
                          :ARG2 (z47 / and
                                     :op1 (z48 / age-01
                                               :ARG1 z40
                                               :ARG2 (z49 / new))
                                     :op2 (z50 / pass-03
                                               :ARG1 (z51 / ruce)))
                          :time (z52 / now))
               :snt7 (z53 / need-01
                          :ARG0 (z54 / and
                                     :op1 (z55 / develop-02
                                               :ARG1 (z56 / society)
                                               :ARG1-of (z57 / modern-02))
                                     :op2 (z58 / progress-01
                                               :ARG1 (z59 / science)))
                          :ARG1 (z60 / administrate-01
                                     :ARG1 (z61 / organ))
                          :mod (z62 / objective))
               :snt8 (z63 / have-part-91
                          :ARG1 (z64 / develop-02
                                     :ARG1 (z65 / and
                                                :op1 (z66 / economy)
                                                :op2 (z67 / society)))
                          :ARG2 (z68 / part
                                     :ARG1-of (z69 / important-01)))
               :snt9 (z70 / undergo-28
                          :ARG1 (z71 / environment
                                     :mod (z72 / administrate-01))
                          :ARG2 (z73 / change-01
                                     :ARG1 z71
                                     :mod (z74 / fundamental)
                                     :ARG0-of (z75 / make-01
                                                   :ARG1 (z76 / epoch))))
               :snt10 (z77 / undergo-28
                           :ARG1 z71
                           :ARG2 (z78 / and
                                      :op1 (z79 / overhaul-01
                                                :ARG1 z71)
                                      :op2 (z80 / mature-02
                                                :ARG1 (z81 / and
                                                           :op1 (z82 / rule)
                                                           :op2 (z83 / regulate-01)
                                                           :op3 (z84 / supervise-01
                                                                     :ARG1 (z85 / means
                                                                                :mod (z86 / manage-01))))))))
    :op1 (z88 / democratize-01
              :ARG1 (z89 / concept
                         :mod (z90 / administrate-01
                                   :ARG1 (z91 / organ))))
    :op2 (z92 / humanize-01
              :ARG1 (z93 / and
                         :op1 (z94 / rule)
                         :op2 (z95 / regulate-01)
                         :op3 (z96 / method
                                   :mod (z97 / manage-01)))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ refer-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ modernize-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ administrate-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z3, z4) ∧ organ(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z5) ∧ and(z5) ∧ :op1(z5, z6) ∧ democratize-01(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z6, z7) ∧ concept(z7) ∧ :mod(z7, z8) ∧ administrate-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z4) ∧ :op2(z5, z9) ∧ humanize-01(z9) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ and(z10) ∧ :op1(z10, z11) ∧ rule(z11) ∧ :op2(z10, z12) ∧ regulate-01(z12) ∧ :op3(z5, z13) ∧ scientize-01(z13) ∧ :ARG1(z13, z14) ∧ means(z14) ∧ :mod(z14, z15) ∧ manage-01(z15) ∧ :snt2(z0, z16) ∧ need-01(z16) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z17) ∧ and(z17) ∧ :op1(z17, z18) ∧ develop-02(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ society(z19) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z19) ∧ modern-02(z20) ∧ :op2(z17, z21) ∧ progress-01(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ and(z22) ∧ :op1(z22, z23) ∧ science(z23) ∧ :op2(z22, z24) ∧ technology(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z25) ∧ administrate-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ organ(z26) ∧ :mod(z16, z27) ∧ objective(z27) ∧ :snt3(z0, z28) ∧ need-01(z28) ∧ :ARG0(z28, z29) ∧ develop-02(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ economy(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z31) ∧ develop-02(z31) ∧ :ARG1(z31, z32) ∧ society(z32) ∧ :snt4(z0, z33) ∧ it(z33) ∧ :part(z34, z33) ∧ develop-02(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ and(z35) ∧ :op1(z35, z36) ∧ economy(z36) ∧ :op2(z35, z37) ∧ society(z37) ∧ :ARG1(z38, z33) ∧ important-01(z38) ∧ :snt5(z0, z39) ∧ undergo-28(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ environment(z40) ∧ :mod(z40, z41) ∧ administrate-01(z41) ∧ :ARG2(z39, z42) ∧ change-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z42, z40) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ fundamental(z43) ∧ :ARG0(z44, z42) ∧ make-01(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z45) ∧ epoch(z45) ∧ :snt6(z39, z46) ∧ undergo-28(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z40) ∧ :ARG2(z46, z47) ∧ and(z47) ∧ :op1(z47, z48) ∧ age-01(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z40) ∧ :ARG2(z48, z49) ∧ new(z49) ∧ :op2(z47, z50) ∧ pass-03(z50) ∧ :ARG1(z50, z51) ∧ ruce(z51) ∧ :time(z46, z52) ∧ now(z52) ∧ :snt7(z39, z53) ∧ need-01(z53) ∧ :ARG0(z53, z54) ∧ and(z54) ∧ :op1(z54, z55) ∧ develop-02(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ society(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z55) ∧ modern-02(z57) ∧ :op2(z54, z58) ∧ progress-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z58, z59) ∧ science(z59) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z60) ∧ administrate-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z61) ∧ organ(z61) ∧ :mod(z53, z62) ∧ objective(z62) ∧ :snt8(z39, z63) ∧ have-part-91(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ develop-02(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ and(z65) ∧ :op1(z65, z66) ∧ economy(z66) ∧ :op2(z65, z67) ∧ society(z67) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z68) ∧ part(z68) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z68) ∧ important-01(z69) ∧ :snt9(z39, z70) ∧ undergo-28(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z71) ∧ environment(z71) ∧ :mod(z71, z72) ∧ administrate-01(z72) ∧ :ARG2(z70, z73) ∧ change-01(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z71) ∧ :mod(z73, z74) ∧ fundamental(z74) ∧ :ARG0(z75, z73) ∧ make-01(z75) ∧ :ARG1(z75, z76) ∧ epoch(z76) ∧ :snt10(z39, z77) ∧ undergo-28(z77) ∧ :ARG1(z77, z71) ∧ :ARG2(z77, z78) ∧ and(z78) ∧ :op1(z78, z79) ∧ overhaul-01(z79) ∧ :ARG1(z79, z71) ∧ :op2(z78, z80) ∧ mature-02(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z81) ∧ and(z81) ∧ :op1(z81, z82) ∧ rule(z82) ∧ :op2(z81, z83) ∧ regulate-01(z83) ∧ :op3(z81, z84) ∧ supervise-01(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z84, z85) ∧ means(z85) ∧ :mod(z85, z86) ∧ manage-01(z86) ∧ :op1(z0, z88) ∧ democratize-01(z88) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z89) ∧ concept(z89) ∧ :mod(z89, z90) ∧ administrate-01(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z91) ∧ organ(z91) ∧ :op2(z0, z92) ∧ humanize-01(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z92, z93) ∧ and(z93) ∧ :op1(z93, z94) ∧ rule(z94) ∧ :op2(z93, z95) ∧ regulate-01(z95) ∧ :op3(z93, z96) ∧ method(z96) ∧ :mod(z96, z97) ∧ manage-01(z97)


Diffusion of responsibility, also known as the bystander effect, means that for an event, if a single individual is required to complete the task alone, the individual's sense of responsibility will be enhanced. However, if the group is required to complete the task together, the sense of responsibility of each individual in the group will become weaker, and even more people will be irresponsible, This effect often occurs to many bystanders after the accident

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following situations does not belong to diffusion of responsibility:

Choices:
- A foaming man fell on the street. When Xiao Ming saw it, he thought, someone will hit 120.
- The neighbor's house caught fire. Xiao Wu and other neighbors escaped from the corridor
- A child was knocked down in the middle of the road by a car, and passing vehicles took a detour
- A lady was attacked by gangsters in downtown and shouted help several times without help

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / mean-01
              :ARG1 (z2 / diverse
                        :domain (z3 / responsible-03)
                        :ARG1-of (z4 / know-02
                                     :ARG2 (z5 / effect
                                               :mod (z6 / bystander))
                                     :mod (z7 / also)))
              :ARG2 (z8 / enhance-01
                        :ARG1 (z9 / sense-01
                                  :ARG0 (z14 / alone)
                                  :ARG1 (z10 / responsible-03
                                             :ARG0 z14))
                        :condition (z11 / require-01
                                        :ARG1 (z12 / complete-01
                                                   :ARG0 z14
                                                   :ARG1 (z13 / task
                                                              :mod z14))
                                        :ARG2 (z15 / individual
                                                   :ARG1-of (z16 / single-02)))
                        :purpose (z17 / event)))
    :snt2 (z18 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z19 / and
                          :op1 (z20 / become-01
                                    :ARG1 (z21 / sense-01
                                               :ARG0 (z22 / individual
                                                          :mod (z23 / each)
                                                          :ARG1-of (z24 / include-91
                                                                        :ARG2 (z25 / group)))
                                               :ARG1 (z26 / responsible-03
                                                          :ARG0 z22))
                                    :ARG2 (z27 / weak-02
                                               :ARG1 z21
                                               :ARG2-of (z28 / have-degree-91
                                                             :ARG1 z21
                                                             :ARG3 (z29 / more))))
                          :op2 (z30 / responsible-02
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 (z31 / person
                                               :quant (z32 / more
                                                           :mod (z33 / even))))
                          :condition (z34 / require-01
                                          :ARG1 (z35 / complete-01
                                                     :ARG0 (z36 / group)
                                                     :ARG1 (z37 / task)
                                                     :manner (z38 / together))
                                          :ARG2 z36))
               :ARG2 (z39 / and
                          :op1 (z40 / weaken-01
                                    :ARG1 (z41 / sense-01
                                               :ARG0 (z42 / individual
                                                          :mod (z43 / each)
                                                          :ARG1-of (z44 / include-91
                                                                        :ARG2 z36))
                                               :ARG1 (z45 / responsible-03
                                                          :ARG0 z42)))
                          :op2 (z46 / responsible-02
                                    :polarity -
                                    :ARG1 (z47 / person
                                               :quant z32))))
    :snt3 (z48 / affect-01
               :ARG0 (z49 / this)
               :ARG1 (z50 / bystander
                          :quant (z51 / many))
               :time (z52 / after
                          :op1 (z53 / and
                                    :op1 (z54 / accident)
                                    :op2 (z55 / go-01
                                              :ARG1 z50
                                              :ARG4 (z56 / out))))
               :frequency (z57 / often)
               :frequency (z58 / often)
               :time (z59 / after
                          :op1 (z60 / go-01
                                    :ARG1 z50
                                    :ARG4 (z61 / wake-02))))
    :snt4 (z62 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z63 / require-01
                          :ARG1 (z64 / complete-01
                                     :ARG0 (z65 / group)
                                     :ARG1 (z66 / task
                                                :mod (z67 / together)))
                          :ARG2 z65)))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ mean-01(z1) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z2) ∧ diverse(z2) ∧ :domain(z2, z3) ∧ responsible-03(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z2) ∧ know-02(z4) ∧ :ARG2(z4, z5) ∧ effect(z5) ∧ :mod(z5, z6) ∧ bystander(z6) ∧ :mod(z4, z7) ∧ also(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z1, z8) ∧ :condition(z8, z11) ∧ require-01(z11) ∧ :ARG1(z11, z12) ∧ complete-01(z12) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z14) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ task(z13) ∧ :mod(z13, z14) ∧ :ARG2(z11, z15) ∧ individual(z15) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z15) ∧ single-02(z16) ∧ enhance-01(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z8, z9) ∧ sense-01(z9) ∧ :ARG0(z9, z14) ∧ alone(z14) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z10) ∧ responsible-03(z10) ∧ :ARG0(z10, z14) ∧ :purpose(z8, z17) ∧ event(z17) ∧ :snt2(z0, z18) ∧ contrast-01(z18) ∧ :ARG1(z18, z19) ∧ :condition(z19, z34) ∧ require-01(z34) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z35) ∧ complete-01(z35) ∧ :ARG0(z35, z36) ∧ group(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z37) ∧ task(z37) ∧ :manner(z35, z38) ∧ together(z38) ∧ :ARG2(z34, z36) ∧ and(z19) ∧ :op1(z19, z20) ∧ become-01(z20) ∧ :ARG1(z20, z21) ∧ sense-01(z21) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z22) ∧ individual(z22) ∧ :mod(z22, z23) ∧ each(z23) ∧ :ARG1(z24, z22) ∧ include-91(z24) ∧ :ARG2(z24, z25) ∧ group(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z26) ∧ responsible-03(z26) ∧ :ARG0(z26, z22) ∧ :ARG2(z20, z27) ∧ weak-02(z27) ∧ :ARG1(z27, z21) ∧ :ARG2(z28, z27) ∧ have-degree-91(z28) ∧ :ARG1(z28, z21) ∧ :ARG3(z28, z29) ∧ more(z29) ∧ ¬(:op2(z19, z30) ∧ responsible-02(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ person(z31) ∧ :quant(z31, z32) ∧ more(z32) ∧ :mod(z32, z33) ∧ even(z33)) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z39) ∧ and(z39) ∧ :op1(z39, z40) ∧ weaken-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ sense-01(z41) ∧ :ARG0(z41, z42) ∧ individual(z42) ∧ :mod(z42, z43) ∧ each(z43) ∧ :ARG1(z44, z42) ∧ include-91(z44) ∧ :ARG2(z44, z36) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z45) ∧ responsible-03(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z42) ∧ ¬(:op2(z39, z46) ∧ responsible-02(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ person(z47) ∧ :quant(z47, z32)) ∧ :snt3(z0, z48) ∧ affect-01(z48) ∧ :ARG0(z48, z49) ∧ this(z49) ∧ :ARG1(z48, z50) ∧ bystander(z50) ∧ :quant(z50, z51) ∧ many(z51) ∧ :time(z48, z52) ∧ after(z52) ∧ :op1(z52, z53) ∧ and(z53) ∧ :op1(z53, z54) ∧ accident(z54) ∧ :op2(z53, z55) ∧ go-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z50) ∧ :ARG4(z55, z56) ∧ out(z56) ∧ :frequency(z48, z57) ∧ often(z57) ∧ :frequency(z48, z58) ∧ often(z58) ∧ :time(z48, z59) ∧ after(z59) ∧ :op1(z59, z60) ∧ go-01(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z60, z50) ∧ :ARG4(z60, z61) ∧ wake-02(z61) ∧ :snt4(z0, z62) ∧ contrast-01(z62) ∧ :ARG2(z62, z63) ∧ require-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ complete-01(z64) ∧ :ARG0(z64, z65) ∧ group(z65) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z66) ∧ task(z66) ∧ :mod(z66, z67) ∧ together(z67) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z65)


Some health officials are concerned about the current sustained increase in reported deaths from alcohol-related conditions, attributing this increase to a rise in alcoholism. What these health officials are overlooking, however, is that attitudes toward alcoholism have changed radically. Alcoholism is now widely viewed as a disease, whereas in the past it was considered a moral failing. It is ttherefore likely that more deaths are being reported as alcohol-related because physicians are more likely to identify these deaths as alcohol-related.

Question: Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the argument?

Choices:
- The frequent use of alcohol by young people is being reported as occurring at increasingly early ages.
- Even though alcoholism is considered to be a disease, most doctors recommend psychological counseling and support groups as the best treatment.
- In some places and times, susceptibility to any kind of disease has been viewed as a moral failing.
- More physicians now than in the past are trained to recognize the physical effects of alcoholism.

(z0 / multi-sentence
    :snt1 (z1 / concern-01
              :ARG0 (z2 / increase-01
                        :ARG1 (z3 / die-01
                                  :ARG1-of (z4 / report-01)
                                  :ARG1-of (z5 / cause-01
                                               :ARG0 (z6 / condition
                                                         :ARG1-of (z7 / relate-01
                                                                      :ARG2 (z8 / alcohol)))))
                        :ARG1-of (z9 / sustain-01)
                        :time (z10 / current))
              :ARG1 (z11 / person
                         :ARG0-of (z12 / have-org-role-91
                                       :ARG1 (z13 / health)
                                       :ARG2 (z14 / official))
                         :quant (z15 / some)
                         :ARG0-of (z16 / attribute-01
                                       :ARG1 z2
                                       :ARG2 (z17 / rise-01
                                                  :ARG1 z8))))
    :snt2 (z18 / contrast-01
               :ARG2 (z19 / overlook-01
                          :ARG0 (z20 / person
                                     :ARG0-of (z21 / have-org-role-91
                                                   :ARG1 (z22 / health)
                                                   :ARG2 (z23 / official))
                                     :mod (z24 / this))
                          :ARG1 (z25 / change-01
                                     :ARG1 (z26 / attitude
                                                :topic (z27 / alcoholism))
                                     :manner (z28 / radical))))
    :snt3 (z29 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z30 / view-02
                          :ARG1 (z31 / alcoholism)
                          :ARG2 (z32 / disease)
                          :time (z33 / now)
                          :ARG1-of (z34 / wide-02))
               :ARG2 (z35 / consider-01
                          :ARG1 (z36 / fail-01
                                     :ARG1 z31
                                     :ARG1-of (z37 / moral-02))
                          :time (z38 / past)))
    :snt4 (z39 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z40 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z41 / report-01
                                     :ARG1 (z42 / die-01
                                                :ARG1-of (z43 / have-quant-91
                                                              :ARG3 (z44 / more)))
                                     :ARG1-of (z45 / cause-01
                                                   :ARG0 (z46 / likely-01
                                                              :ARG1 (z47 / identify-01
                                                                         :ARG0 (z48 / physician)
                                                                         :ARG1 (z49 / die-01
                                                                                :mod (z50 / this))
                                                                         :ARG2 (z51 / relate-01
                                                                                :ARG1 z49
                                                                                :ARG2 (z52 / alcohol)))
                                                              :ARG2-of (z53 / have-degree-91
                                                                            :ARG1 z47
                                                                            :ARG3 (z54 / more)))))))
    :snt5 (z55 / cause-01
               :ARG1 (z56 / likely-01
                          :ARG1 (z57 / report-01
                                     :ARG1 (z58 / die-01
                                                :ARG1-of (z59 / relate-01
                                                              :ARG2 (z60 / alcohol))
                                                :ARG1-of (z61 / have-quant-91
                                                              :ARG3 (z62 / more))))))
    :snt6 (z63 / contrast-01
               :ARG1 (z64 / view-02
                          :ARG1 (z65 / alcoholism)
                          :ARG2 (z66 / disease)
                          :time (z67 / now)
                          :ARG1-of (z68 / wide-02))
               :ARG2 (z69 / consider-01
                          :ARG1 (z70 / fail-01
                                     :ARG1 z65
                                     :ARG1-of (z71 / moral-02))
                          :time (z72 / past)))
    :snt7 (z73 / have-concession-91
               :ARG1 (z74 / change-01
                          :ARG1 (z75 / attitude
                                     :topic (z76 / alcoholism))
                          :ARG2 (z77 / radical)))
    :snt8 (z78 / and
               :op1 (z79 / concern-01
                         :ARG0 (z80 / increase-01
                                    :ARG1 (z81 / die-01
                                               :ARG1-of (z82 / report-01)
                                               :ARG1-of (z83 / cause-01
                                                             :ARG0 (z84 / condition
                                                                        :ARG1-of (z85 / relate-01
                                                                                :ARG2 (z86 / alcohol)))))
                                    :time (z87 / current)))
               :op2 (z88 / attribute-01
                         :ARG0 (z89 / person
                                    :ARG0-of (z90 / have-org-role-91
                                                  :ARG1 (z91 / health)
                                                  :ARG2 (z92 / official)))
                         :ARG1 (z93 / increase-01
                                    :ARG1 (z94 / increase-01
                                               :ARG1 (z95 / die-01
                                                          :ARG1-of (z96 / report-01)))
                                    :ARG2 (z97 / rise-01
                                               :ARG1 (z98 / rise-01
                                                          :ARG1 (z99 / alcoholism)))))))

multi-sentence(z0) ∧ :snt1(z0, z1) ∧ concern-01(z1) ∧ :ARG0(z1, z2) ∧ increase-01(z2) ∧ :ARG1(z2, z3) ∧ die-01(z3) ∧ :ARG1(z4, z3) ∧ report-01(z4) ∧ :ARG1(z5, z3) ∧ cause-01(z5) ∧ :ARG0(z5, z6) ∧ condition(z6) ∧ :ARG1(z7, z6) ∧ relate-01(z7) ∧ :ARG2(z7, z8) ∧ alcohol(z8) ∧ :ARG1(z9, z2) ∧ sustain-01(z9) ∧ :time(z2, z10) ∧ current(z10) ∧ :ARG1(z1, z11) ∧ person(z11) ∧ :ARG0(z12, z11) ∧ have-org-role-91(z12) ∧ :ARG1(z12, z13) ∧ health(z13) ∧ :ARG2(z12, z14) ∧ official(z14) ∧ :quant(z11, z15) ∧ some(z15) ∧ :ARG0(z16, z11) ∧ attribute-01(z16) ∧ :ARG1(z16, z2) ∧ :ARG2(z16, z17) ∧ rise-01(z17) ∧ :ARG1(z17, z8) ∧ :snt2(z0, z18) ∧ contrast-01(z18) ∧ :ARG2(z18, z19) ∧ overlook-01(z19) ∧ :ARG0(z19, z20) ∧ person(z20) ∧ :ARG0(z21, z20) ∧ have-org-role-91(z21) ∧ :ARG1(z21, z22) ∧ health(z22) ∧ :ARG2(z21, z23) ∧ official(z23) ∧ :mod(z20, z24) ∧ this(z24) ∧ :ARG1(z19, z25) ∧ change-01(z25) ∧ :ARG1(z25, z26) ∧ attitude(z26) ∧ :topic(z26, z27) ∧ alcoholism(z27) ∧ :manner(z25, z28) ∧ radical(z28) ∧ :snt3(z0, z29) ∧ contrast-01(z29) ∧ :ARG1(z29, z30) ∧ view-02(z30) ∧ :ARG1(z30, z31) ∧ alcoholism(z31) ∧ :ARG2(z30, z32) ∧ disease(z32) ∧ :time(z30, z33) ∧ now(z33) ∧ :ARG1(z34, z30) ∧ wide-02(z34) ∧ :ARG2(z29, z35) ∧ consider-01(z35) ∧ :ARG1(z35, z36) ∧ fail-01(z36) ∧ :ARG1(z36, z31) ∧ :ARG1(z37, z36) ∧ moral-02(z37) ∧ :time(z35, z38) ∧ past(z38) ∧ :snt4(z0, z39) ∧ cause-01(z39) ∧ :ARG1(z39, z40) ∧ likely-01(z40) ∧ :ARG1(z40, z41) ∧ report-01(z41) ∧ :ARG1(z41, z42) ∧ die-01(z42) ∧ :ARG1(z43, z42) ∧ have-quant-91(z43) ∧ :ARG3(z43, z44) ∧ more(z44) ∧ :ARG1(z45, z41) ∧ cause-01(z45) ∧ :ARG0(z45, z46) ∧ likely-01(z46) ∧ :ARG1(z46, z47) ∧ identify-01(z47) ∧ :ARG0(z47, z48) ∧ physician(z48) ∧ :ARG1(z47, z49) ∧ die-01(z49) ∧ :mod(z49, z50) ∧ this(z50) ∧ :ARG2(z47, z51) ∧ relate-01(z51) ∧ :ARG1(z51, z49) ∧ :ARG2(z51, z52) ∧ alcohol(z52) ∧ :ARG2(z53, z46) ∧ have-degree-91(z53) ∧ :ARG1(z53, z47) ∧ :ARG3(z53, z54) ∧ more(z54) ∧ :snt5(z0, z55) ∧ cause-01(z55) ∧ :ARG1(z55, z56) ∧ likely-01(z56) ∧ :ARG1(z56, z57) ∧ report-01(z57) ∧ :ARG1(z57, z58) ∧ die-01(z58) ∧ :ARG1(z59, z58) ∧ relate-01(z59) ∧ :ARG2(z59, z60) ∧ alcohol(z60) ∧ :ARG1(z61, z58) ∧ have-quant-91(z61) ∧ :ARG3(z61, z62) ∧ more(z62) ∧ :snt6(z0, z63) ∧ contrast-01(z63) ∧ :ARG1(z63, z64) ∧ view-02(z64) ∧ :ARG1(z64, z65) ∧ alcoholism(z65) ∧ :ARG2(z64, z66) ∧ disease(z66) ∧ :time(z64, z67) ∧ now(z67) ∧ :ARG1(z68, z64) ∧ wide-02(z68) ∧ :ARG2(z63, z69) ∧ consider-01(z69) ∧ :ARG1(z69, z70) ∧ fail-01(z70) ∧ :ARG1(z70, z65) ∧ :ARG1(z71, z70) ∧ moral-02(z71) ∧ :time(z69, z72) ∧ past(z72) ∧ :snt7(z0, z73) ∧ have-concession-91(z73) ∧ :ARG1(z73, z74) ∧ change-01(z74) ∧ :ARG1(z74, z75) ∧ attitude(z75) ∧ :topic(z75, z76) ∧ alcoholism(z76) ∧ :ARG2(z74, z77) ∧ radical(z77) ∧ :snt8(z0, z78) ∧ and(z78) ∧ :op1(z78, z79) ∧ concern-01(z79) ∧ :ARG0(z79, z80) ∧ increase-01(z80) ∧ :ARG1(z80, z81) ∧ die-01(z81) ∧ :ARG1(z82, z81) ∧ report-01(z82) ∧ :ARG1(z83, z81) ∧ cause-01(z83) ∧ :ARG0(z83, z84) ∧ condition(z84) ∧ :ARG1(z85, z84) ∧ relate-01(z85) ∧ :ARG2(z85, z86) ∧ alcohol(z86) ∧ :time(z80, z87) ∧ current(z87) ∧ :op2(z78, z88) ∧ attribute-01(z88) ∧ :ARG0(z88, z89) ∧ person(z89) ∧ :ARG0(z90, z89) ∧ have-org-role-91(z90) ∧ :ARG1(z90, z91) ∧ health(z91) ∧ :ARG2(z90, z92) ∧ official(z92) ∧ :ARG1(z88, z93) ∧ increase-01(z93) ∧ :ARG1(z93, z94) ∧ increase-01(z94) ∧ :ARG1(z94, z95) ∧ die-01(z95) ∧ :ARG1(z96, z95) ∧ report-01(z96) ∧ :ARG2(z93, z97) ∧ rise-01(z97) ∧ :ARG1(z97, z98) ∧ rise-01(z98) ∧ :ARG1(z98, z99) ∧ alcoholism(z99)