Input: [Latin name] Crepis capillaris [Common name] Smooth Hawks-beard [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Cupressus macrocarpa [Common name] Monterey Cypress [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Casual & Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Cynosurus cristatus [Common name] Crested Dog's-tail [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Cytisus scoparius [Common name] Broom [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Dactylis glomerata [Common name] Cock's-foot [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Digitalis purpurea [Common name] Foxglove [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Dryopteris dilatata [Common name] Broad Buckler-fern [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Elymus repens [Common name] Common Couch [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Equisetum arvense [Common name] Field Horsetail [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Erodium cicutarium [Common name] Common Storks-bill [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Erophila verna [Common name] Introduced Whitlowgrass [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Euphorbia peplus [Common name] Petty Spurge [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Euphrasia confusa [Common name] European Eyebright [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Festuca filiformis [Common name] Fine-leaved Sheep's Fescue [Naturalisation notes] Unknown [Invasiveness] Unknown

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Festuca pratensis [Common name] Meadow Fescue [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Unknown

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Fuchsia magellanica [Common name] Fuchsia [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Fumaria muralis [Common name] Common Ramping-Fumitory [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Galium aparine subsp. aparine [Common name] Cleavers [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Galium saxatile [Common name] Heath Bedstraw [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Geranium molle [Common name] Dove's-foot Cranes-bill [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Geranium pusillum [Common name] Small-flowered Crane's-bill [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Geranium robertianum [Common name] Herb Robert [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Unknown

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Gnaphalium luteoalbum [Common name] Jersey Cudweed [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Hedera helix [Common name] Ivy [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sphondylium [Common name] Hogweed [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Hesperis matronalis [Common name] Dame's-violet [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Holcus lanatus [Common name] Yorkshire Fog [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Frequent

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Hordeum jubatum [Common name] Foxtail Barley [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Hyacinthoides x massartiana [Common name] Hybrid Bluebell [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Hypochaeris radicata subsp. radicata [Common name] Common Cat's-ear [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Juncus articulatus [Common name] Jointed Rush [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Juncus bufonius [Common name] Toad Rush [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Juncus effusus [Common name] Soft Rush [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lamium amplexicaule [Common name] Henbit Dead-nettle [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lamium hybridum [Common name] Cut-leaved Dead-nettle [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lamium purpureum var. purpureum [Common name] Red Dead-nettle [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Leontodon hispidus [Common name] Rough Hawkbit [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Leucanthemum vulgare [Common name] Oxeye Daisy [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Leucanthemum x superbum [Common name] Shasta Daisy [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Levisticum officinale [Common name] Lovage [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated herb [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Leymus arenarius [Common name] Lyme-grass [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lolium perenne [Common name] Perennial Rye-grass [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated pasture & lawn [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lonicera periclymenum [Common name] Honeysuckle [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lotus corniculatus [Common name] Bird's-foot-trefoil [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lotus pedunculatus [Common name] Greater Bird's-foot-trefoil [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Lupinus arboreus [Common name] Tree Lupin [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Luzula campestris [Common name] Field Wood-rush [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Luzula multiflora subsp. congesta [Common name] Dense-headed Heath Wood-rush [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora [Common name] Heath Wood-rush [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Unknown

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Malus domestica [Common name] Apple [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated fruit [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Matricaria discoidea [Common name] Pineappleweed [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Maytenus magellanica [Common name] Pickwood [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Medicago sativa [Common name] Lucerne [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Mentha spicata [Common name] Spearmint [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated herb [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Mentha x piperita [Common name] Peppermint [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated herb [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Mentha x villosa [Common name] Apple-mint [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated herb [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Myosotis arvensis subsp. arvensis [Common name] Field Forget-me-not [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Myosotis discolor [Common name] Changing Forget-me-not [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Myosotis ramosissima [Common name] Early Forget-me-not [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Nasturtium officinale [Common name] Water-cress [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated herb [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Nothofagus betuloides [Common name] Southern Beech [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Papaver dubium subsp. dubium [Common name] Long-headed Poppy [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Parentucellia viscosa [Common name] Yellow Bartsia [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Phalaris arundinacea var. arundinacea [Common name] Reed Canary-grass [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Phalaris arundinacea var. picta [Common name] Gardeners-garters [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Phleum pratense [Common name] Timothy [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Phormium tenax [Common name] New Zealand Flax [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Picea sitchensis [Common name] Sitka Spruce [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Pilosella aurantiaca subsp. aurantiaca [Common name] Orange Hawkweed, Fox-and-cubs [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Pilosella officinarum [Common name] Mouse-ear-hawkweed [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Pinus contorta [Common name] Lodgepole Pine [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Pinus echinata [Common name] Shortleaf Pine [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Pinus muricata [Common name] Bishop Pine [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Pinus radiata [Common name] Monterey Pine [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Pinus sylvestris [Common name] Scots Pine [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Plantago coronopus [Common name] Buck's-horn Plantain [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Plantago lanceolata [Common name] Ribwort Plantain [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Plantago major [Common name] Greater Plantain [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Poa annua [Common name] Annual Meadow-grass [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Frequent

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Poa pratensis [Common name] Smooth-stalked Meadow-grass [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated pasture & lawn [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Frequent

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Polygonum aviculare [Common name] Knotgrass [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Populus x canescens [Common name] Grey Poplar [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Potentilla anserina [Common name] Silverweed [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Prunella vulgaris [Common name] Selfheal [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Prunus domestica [Common name] Plum [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated fruit [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Quercus robur [Common name] Pedunculate Oak [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Ranunculus repens [Common name] Creeping Buttercup [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Ranunculus sceleratus [Common name] Celery-leaved Buttercup [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rheum x hybridum [Common name] Rhubarb [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated vegetable [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Ribes magellanicum subsp. magellanicum [Common name] Magellanic Currant [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Ribes nigrum [Common name] Black Currant [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated fruit [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Ribes rubrum [Common name] Red Currant [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated fruit [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Ribes uva-crispa [Common name] Gooseberry [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated fruit [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rosa canina [Common name] Dog-rose [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rosa rubiginosa [Common name] Sweet-briar [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rosa rugosa [Common name] Japanese Rose [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rubus idaeus [Common name] Raspberry [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated fruit [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rumex acetosa [Common name] Sorrel [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated herb [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rumex acetosella subsp. acetosella [Common name] Sheep's Sorrel [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Frequent

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rumex acetosella subsp. pyrenaiceus [Common name] Round-seeded Sheep's Sorrel [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Frequent

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rumex crispus [Common name] Curled Dock [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rumex longifolius [Common name] Northern Dock [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Rumex obtusifolius [Common name] Broad-leaved Dock [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sagina filicaulis [Common name] Annual Pearlwort [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sagina procumbens [Common name] Procumbent Pearlwort [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Frequent

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Salix cinerea [Common name] Grey Willow [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Salix gmelinii [Common name] Gmelin's Willow [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Salix viminalis [Common name] Osier [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sambucus nigra cv. 'Marginata' [Common name] Variegated Elder [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sambucus nigra f. laciniata [Common name] Cut-leaved Elder [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sambucus nigra f. nigra [Common name] Elder [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual & Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sedum acre [Common name] Biting Stonecrop [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sedum forsterianum [Common name] Rock stonecrop [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Senecio squalidus [Common name] Oxford Ragwort [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Senecio sylvaticus [Common name] Heath groundsel [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Senecio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris [Common name] Groundsel [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Frequent

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sidalcea malviflora [Common name] Greek Mallow [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Silene uniflora [Common name] Bladder Campion [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Solanum tuberosum [Common name] Potato [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated vegetable [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sonchus asper subsp. asper var. asper [Common name] Prickly Sow-thistle [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sonchus oleraceus var. oleraceus [Common name] Smooth Sow-thistle [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sorbus aria [Common name] Whitebeam [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Sorbus aucuparia [Common name] Rowan [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual & Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Spergula arvensis [Common name] Corn Spurrey [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Stellaria alsine [Common name] Bog Stitchwort [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Stellaria media [Common name] Chickweed [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Tanacetum parthenium cv. 'Aureum' [Common name] Golden Feverfew [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Tanacetum vulgare [Common name] Tansy [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Casual & Persisting (Taxa)

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Taraxacum officinale [Common name] Dandelion [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium arvense [Common name] Hare's-foot Clover [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium aureum [Common name] Golden Clover [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium dubium [Common name] Lesser Trefoil [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium fragiferum [Common name] Strawberry Clover [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium hybridum [Common name] Alsike Clover [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium pratense [Common name] Red Clover [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium repens [Common name] White Clover [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Trifolium striatum [Common name] Knotted Clover [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Tripleurospermum maritimum subsp. inodorum [Common name] Scentless Mayweed [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Triticum aestivum [Common name] Wheat [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Casual

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Tussilago farfara [Common name] Colt's foot [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Ulex europaeus [Common name] Gorse [Naturalisation notes] Ornamental & windbreak [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Urtica urens [Common name] Annual Stinging-nettle [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Valerianella locusta [Common name] Lamb's Lettuce [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated vegetable [Invasiveness] Unknown

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Veronica agrestis [Common name] Green Field Speedwell [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Veronica arvensis [Common name] Wall Speedwell [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Veronica officinalis [Common name] Heath Speedwell [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia [Common name] Thyme-leaved Speedwell [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Veronica x franciscana [Common name] Hybrid Boxwood [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Vicia cracca [Common name] Tufted Vetch [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Vicia sativa [Common name] Common Vetch [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Vicia sepium [Common name] Bush Vetch [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Unknown

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Viola arvensis [Common name] Field Pansy [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Scarce

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Viola tricolor [Common name] Heartsease/ Wild Pansy [Naturalisation notes] Not cultivated [Invasiveness] Naturalised - anthropogenic

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Viola x wittrockiana [Common name] Pansy [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated ornamental [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Very rare

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Latin name] Vulpia bromoides [Common name] Squirreltail Fescue [Naturalisation notes] Cultivated for pasture [Invasiveness] Naturalised

Output: Occasional

FI Conservation - Vascular plant checklists


Input: [Engine] XtraDB [Introduced] Big Bang [Description]

Output: A fully-compatible fork of InnoDB, mantained by Percona

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] Aria [Introduced] Big Bang [Description]

Output: A crash-safe MyISAM, also used for internal temptables

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] TokuDB [Introduced] 10.0 [Description]

Output: A transactional engine with innovative buffers and high compression, by TokuTek

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] mroonga [Introduced] 10.0 [Description]

Output: Supports fulltext searches with Chinese, Japanese and Korean languages

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] SPIDER [Introduced] 10.0 [Description]

Output: Shards tables through multiple servers

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] OQGRAPH [Introduced] 10.0 [Description]

Output: Used to implement tree structures

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] Sequence [Introduced] 10.0 [Description]

Output: Returns a sequence of numbers as a resultset

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] CONNECT [Introduced] 10.0 [Description]

Output: Support several external data sources (data files, DBMS’s…)

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] CassandraSE [Introduced] 10.0 [Description]

Output: A bridge to Apache Cassandra

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] SphinxSE [Introduced] 5.2 [Description]

Output: A bridge to Sphinx

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Engine] FederatedX [Introduced] Big Bang [Description]

Output: A richer fork of Federated

MariaDB storage engines | FALSE IS NOT NULL


Input: [Wheel Balance] CV Axles [Belts and Hoses] Engine Diagnostics [Brakes] Engine Tune-Up Radiators [Batteries]

Output: Clutches


Input: [Wheel Balance] Fuel & Air filters [Belts and Hoses] Heater Cores [Brakes] Lights [Batteries]

Output: Fuel Pumps


Input: [Wheel Balance] Mufflers [Belts and Hoses] Power Windows [Brakes] Radiators [Batteries]

Output: Mufflers


Input: [Wheel Balance] Shocks and Struts [Belts and Hoses] Thermostats [Brakes] Timing Belts [Batteries]

Output: Starters & Alternators


Input: [Wheel Balance] Tire [Belts and Hoses] Water Pumps [Brakes] Wheel Alignment [Batteries]

Output: Tires & Tire Repairs


Input: [Wheel Balance] Wheel Alignment [Belts and Hoses] Windshields [Batteries]

Output: Windshield Wipers


Input: [Benefit] Unique, easy-to-grip and turn [Feature]

Output: Shark Fin Handle


Input: [Benefit] Easy visualization of fluid & air - no interference with handles [Feature]

Output: Extended Port Length


Input: [Benefit] Easy identification of bubbles, Easy to de-bubble [Feature]

Output: Lumen Clarity


Input: [Benefit] Choice of directions, pressures, slip, fixed, swivel, or rotator luers [Feature]

Output: Variety of Configurations


Input: [Benefit] Easy to turn handles [Feature]

Output: Low Torque


Input: [Benefit] 1200 psi configurations available [Feature]

Output: Ultra High Pressure


Input: [Treatment] Osteo Bi-Flex [Patients] 12 [Category]

Output: Over the Counter Drug


Input: [Treatment] Osteo Bi-Flex Advanced [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Over the Counter Drug


Input: [Treatment] Osteo Bi-Flex Caplets Advanced Triple Strength [Patients] 1 [Category]

Output: Over the Counter Drug


Input: [Treatment] Osteo Bi-Flex Double Strength [Patients] 3 [Category]

Output: Over the Counter Drug


Input: [Treatment] Osteo Bi-Flex Plus MSM [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Over the Counter Drug


Input: [Treatment] Osteo Bi-Flex Triple Strength [Patients] 6 [Category]

Output: Over the Counter Drug


Input: [Treatment] Osteo Bi-Flex with 5-Loxin Advanced (glucosamine-chondroitin-msm) [Patients] 2 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] Osteo B Plus [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] OsteoCare [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] OsteoForce [Patients] 1 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] Osteofos D3 (calcium plus vitamin d) [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Nutrition/Diet


Input: [Treatment] OsteoKrill (glucosamine fish oil) [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy [Patients] 12 [Category]

Output: Other


Input: [Treatment] Osteopathy [Patients] 24 [Category]

Output: Physical Therapy


Input: [Treatment] Osteoplasty [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy [Patients] 1 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy of foot [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy of knee [Patients] 1 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy of lesser metatarsal [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy of mandible [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy of pelvis [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy of spine [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Osteotomy of the zygomatic bone (facial reconstruction) [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Surgery


Input: [Treatment] Ostera [Patients] 1 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] Ostevit-D (vitamin d) [Patients] 3 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] Ostevit Vitamin D (vitamin d3 (cholecalciferol)) [Patients] 1 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] Ostiva (multivitamins and minerals) [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Supplement


Input: [Treatment] Otezla [Patients] 12 [Category]

Output: Prescription Drug


Input: [Treatment] Otilonium (Doralin, Spasmoctyl) [Patients] 1 [Category]

Output: Prescription Drug


Input: [Treatment] Otomize Ear Spray [Patients] 0 [Category]

Output: Prescription Drug


Input: Normal colorization. Males develop a yellow face mask after first molt; females do not. [Type of Mutation] None [Mutation]

Output: GRAY


Input: Some yellow areas, usually on neck and head. Main body still mostly gray. [Type of Mutation] Recessive [Mutation]

Output: LIGHT PIED


Input: Edges of feathers (usually down the back) are marked with white or yellow. Males return to normal colored plumage after first molt. [Type of Mutation] Sex-Linked [Mutation]

Output: PEARL


Input: White bird with some yellow markings on body. Sex-linked orange cheek patch. Red eyes. [Type of Mutation] Sex-Linked [Mutation]

Output: LUTINO


Input: Main body mostly yellow. Gray areas usually on the back and wings. [Type of Mutation] Recessive [Mutation]

Output: HEAVY PIED


Input: All gray areas on bird replaced with cocoa-brown. [Type of Mutation] Sex-Linked [Mutation]

Output: CINNAMON


Input: All yellow and orange areas on bird replaced with white. Males develop a white face mask after first molt; females do not. [Type of Mutation] Recessive [Mutation]

Output: WHITEFACE


Input: Pure white bird with red eyes. Actually a combination of whiteface and lutino. [Type of Mutation] Recessive/ Sex-Linked [Mutation]

Output: ALBINO


Input: All gray areas on bird replaced with cocoa-brown. Red eyes. [Type of Mutation] Recessive [Mutation]

Output: FALLOW


Input: Bird is a silvery gray with red eyes. [Type of Mutation] Recessive [Mutation]

Output: R.SILVER


Input: [0] One purpose of preconception care is to: [1] Ensure that pregnancy complications do not occur. [2] Identify women who should not become pregnant. [3] >>Encourage healthy lifestyles for families desiring pregnancy. [4]

Output: Ensure that women know about prenatal care.


Input: [0] The nurse who provides preconception care understands that it: [1] Is designed for women who have never been pregnant. [2] Includes risk factor assessments for potential medical and psychologic problems but by law cannot consider finances or workplace conditions. [3] Avoids teaching about safe sex to avoid political controversy. [4]

Output: >>Could include interventions to reduce substance use and abuse.


Input: [0] Concerning the use and abuse of legal drugs or substances, nurses should be aware that: [1] Although cigarette smoking causes a number of health problems, it has little direct effect on maternity-related health. [2] >>Women ages 21 to 34 have the highest rates of specific alcohol-related problems. [3] Coffee is a stimulant that can interrupt body functions and has been related to birth defects. [4]

Output: Prescription psychotherapeutic drugs taken by the mother do not affect the fetus; otherwise they would not have been prescribed.


Input: [0] The use of methamphetamine (meth) has been described as the number one drug problem in America. To provide adequate nursing care to this client population the nurse must be cognizant that methamphetamine: [1] Is used only by those of a higher socioeconomic status because of the expense. [2] >>Uses amphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant, as the active ingredient. [3] Manifests a response similar to marijuana when smoked. [4]

Output: Decreases sexual activity when used among fertile women.


Input: [0] What opiate causes euphoria, relaxation, drowsiness, and detachment from reality and has possible effects on the pregnancy, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and premature rupture of membranes? [1] >>Heroin [2] PCP [3] Alcohol [4]

Output: Cocaine


Input: [0] As a powerful central nervous system stimulant, which of these substances can lead to miscarriage, preterm labor, premature separation of the placenta, and stillbirth? [1] Heroin [2] PCP [3] Alcohol [4]

Output: >>Cocaine


Input: [0] _____ use/abuse during pregnancy causes vasoconstriction and decreased placental perfusion, resulting in maternal and neonatal complications. [1] Alcohol [2] >>Tobacco [3] Caffeine [4]

Output: Chocolate


Input: [0] Kegel exercises, or pelvic muscle exercises: [1] >>Were developed to control or reduce incontinent urine loss. [2] Are the best exercises for a pregnant woman because they are so pleasurable. [3] Help to manage stress. [4]

Output: Are ineffective without sufficient calcium in the diet.


Input: [0] During the past 20 years the prevalence of obesity has doubled in the United States, with 25% of women older than 20 years of age being obese. Body mass index is defined as the measure of an adult's weight in relation to his or her height. This is currently the most accurate measure of weight. It is an important part of the health screening process because obesity is closely associated with: [1] The non-Hispanic Caucasian population. [2] >>A large number of chronic conditions. [3] Mostly acute illnesses. [4]

Output: Improved mental well-being.


Input: [0] The modern woman faces increasing levels of stress on a daily basis. As a result she is prone to a variety of increased complaints and illness. The nurse is most likely aware of the psychologic symptoms of stress such as anxiety and depression; however, a number of physiologic symptoms may also occur. To best assist her client in managing these symptoms the nurse is aware that stress may also result in: [1] Decreased heart rate and blood pressure. [2] Rapid digestion resulting in heartburn. [3] Decrease in hormone levels. [4]

Output: >>Flare-ups of arthritis and asthma.


Input: [0] The nurse's best measure when evaluating the care of a woman in an abusive situation is based on the: [1] Woman's decision to leave her partner. [2] >>Woman's declaration of a safety plan. [3] Couple's follow-through on a referral for counseling. [4]

Output: Woman's gratitude to the nurse for the helpful information.


Input: [0] Intervention for the sexual abuse survivor often is not attempted by maternity and women's health nurses because of the concern about increasing the woman's distress and the lack of expertise in counseling. What initial intervention is appropriate and most important in facilitating the woman's care? [1] Initiating a referral to an expert counselor [2] Setting limits on what the client discloses [3] >>Listening and encouraging therapeutic communication skills [4]

Output: Acknowledging the nurse's discomfort to the client as an expression of empathy


Input: [0] Sexual assault is: [1] Limited to rape. [2] >>An act of force in which an unwanted and uncomfortable sexual act occurs. [3] A legal term for sexual violence. [4]

Output: An act of violence in which the partner is unknown.


Input: [0] During a health history interview, a woman tells the nurse that her husband physically abuses her. The nurse's first response should be to: [1] >>Advise the woman of mandatory state reporting laws pertaining to abuse and confidentiality. [2] Reassure the woman that the abuse is not her fault. [3] Give the woman referrals to local agencies and shelters where she can obtain help. [4]

Output: Formulate an escape plan for the woman that she can use the next time her husband abuses her.


Input: [0] With regard to violence against women, intimate partner violence (IPV) nurses should be aware that: [1] Relationship violence usually consists of a single episode that the couple can put behind them. [2] Violence often declines or ends with pregnancy. [3] >>Economic coercion is considered part of IPV. [4]

Output: Battered women generally are poorly educated and come from a deprived social background.


Input: [0] A woman arrives at the clinic seeking confirmation that she is pregnant. The following information is obtained: She is 24 years old with a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5. She admits to having used cocaine ""several times"" during the past year and drinks alcohol occasionally. Her blood pressure (BP) is 108/70 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 72 beats/min, and her respiratory rate is 16 breaths/min. The family history is positive for diabetes mellitus and cancer. Her sister recently gave birth to an infant with a neural tube defect (NTD). Which characteristics place the woman in a high risk category? [1] Blood pressure, age, BMI [2] Drug/alcohol use, age, family history [3] Family history, blood pressure, BMI [4]

Output: >>Family history, BMI, drug/alcohol abuse


Input: [0] A 39-year-old primigravida thinks that she is about 8 weeks pregnant, although she has had irregular menstrual periods all her life. She has a history of smoking approximately one pack of cigarettes a day, but she tells you that she is trying to cut down. Her laboratory data are within normal limits. What diagnostic technique could be used with this pregnant woman at this time? [1] >>Ultrasound examination [2] Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening (MSAFP) [3] Amniocentesis [4]

Output: Nonstress test (NST)


Input: [0] The nurse sees a woman for the first time when she is 30 weeks pregnant. The woman has smoked throughout the pregnancy, and fundal height measurements now are suggestive of growth restriction in the fetus. In addition to ultrasound to measure fetal size, what would be another tool useful in confirming the diagnosis? [1] >>Doppler blood flow analysis [2] Amniocentesis [3] Contraction stress test (CST) [4]

Output: Daily fetal movement counts


Input: [0] A 41-week pregnant multigravida presents in the labor and delivery unit after a nonstress test indicated that her fetus could be experiencing some difficulties in utero. Which diagnostic tool would yield more detailed information about the fetus? [1] Ultrasound for fetal anomalies [2] >>Biophysical profile (BPP) [3] Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening (MSAFP) [4]

Output: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)


Input: [0] At 35 weeks of pregnancy a woman experiences preterm labor. Although tocolytics are administered and she is placed on bed rest, she continues to experience regular uterine contractions, and her cervix is beginning to dilate and efface. What would be an important test for fetal well-being at this time? [1] Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) [2] Ultrasound for fetal size [3] >>Amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity [4]

Output: Nonstress test


Input: [0] A 40-year-old woman is 10 weeks pregnant. Which diagnostic tool would be appropriate to suggest to her at this time? [1] Biophysical profile [2] Amniocentesis [3] Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) [4]

Output: >>Transvaginal ultrasound


Input: [0] A maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test indicates an elevated level. It is repeated and again is reported as higher than normal. What would be the next step in the assessment sequence to determine the well-being of the fetus? [1] Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) [2] >>Ultrasound for fetal anomalies [3] Biophysical profile (BPP) for fetal well-being [4]

Output: Amniocentesis for genetic anomalies


Input: [0] A client asks her nurse, ""My doctor told me that he is concerned with the grade of my placenta because I am overdue. What does that mean?"" The best response by the nurse is: [1] >>""Your placenta changes as your pregnancy progresses, and it is given a score that indicates the amount of calcium deposits it has. The more calcium deposits, the higher the grade, or number, that is assigned to the placenta. It also means that less blood and oxygen can be delivered to your baby."" [2] Your placenta isn't working properly, and your baby is in danger. [3] This means that we will need to perform an amniocentesis to detect if you have any placental damage. [4]

Output: Don't worry about it. Everything is fine.


Input: [0] A woman is undergoing a nipple-stimulated contraction stress test (CST). She is having contractions that occur every 3 minutes. The fetal heart rate (FHR) has a baseline of approximately 120 beats/min without any decelerations. The interpretation of this test is said to be: [1] >>Negative. [2] Satisfactory. [3] Positive. [4]

Output: Unsatisfactory.


Input: [0] In the United States today: [1] More than 20% of pregnancies meet the definition of high risk to either the mother or the infant. [2] >>Other than biophysical criteria, the chief factor in high risk pregnancies is the number of women who have no access to prenatal care. [3] High risk pregnancy status extends from first confirmation of pregnancy to birth. [4]

Output: High risk pregnancy is less critical a medical concern because of the reduction in family size and the decrease in unwanted pregnancies.


Input: [0] When nurses help their expectant mothers assess the daily fetal movement counts, they should be aware that: [1] Alcohol or cigarette smoke can irritate the fetus into greater activity. [2] Kick counts should be taken every half hour and averaged every 6 hours, with every other 6-hour stretch off. [3] >>The fetal alarm signal should go off when fetal movements stop entirely for 12 hours. [4]

Output: Obese mothers familiar with their bodies can assess fetal movement as well as average-size women.


Input: [0] In comparing the abdominal and transvaginal methods of ultrasound examination, nurses should explain to their clients that: [1] Both require the woman to have a full bladder. [2] The abdominal examination is more useful in the first trimester. [3] Initially the transvaginal examination can be painful. [4]

Output: >>The transvaginal examination allows pelvic anatomy to be evaluated in greater detail.


Input: [0] In the first trimester, ultrasonography can be used to gain information on: [1] Amniotic fluid volume. [2] >>The presence and location of an intrauterine contraceptive device. [3] Placental location and maturity. [4]

Output: Cervical length.


Input: [0] Nurses should be aware that the biophysical profile (BPP): [1] >>Is an accurate indicator of impending fetal death. [2] Is a compilation of health risk factors of the mother during the later stages of pregnancy. [3] Consists of a Doppler blood flow analysis and an amniotic fluid index. [4]

Output: Involves an invasive form of ultrasonic examination.


Input: [0] With regard to amniocentesis, nurses should be aware that: [1] Because of new imaging techniques, it is now possible in the first trimester. [2] Despite the use of ultrasonography, complications still occur in the mother or infant in 5% to 10% of cases. [3] >>The shake test, or bubble stability test, is a quick means of determining fetal maturity. [4]

Output: The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid is always cause for concern.


Input: [0] Nurses should be aware of the strengths and limitations of various biochemical assessments during pregnancy, including that: [1] Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is becoming more popular because it provides early diagnosis. [2] Screening for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels is recommended only for women at risk for neural tube defects. [3] Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) is one of the triple-marker tests for Down syndrome. [4]

Output: >>MSAFP is a screening tool only; it identifies candidates for more definitive procedures.


Input: [0] In comparison to contraction stress tests (CSTs), the nonstress test (NST) for antepartum fetal assessment: [1] >>Has no known contraindications. [2] Has fewer false-positive results. [3] Is more sensitive in detecting fetal compromise. [4]

Output: Is slightly more expensive.


Input: [0] The nurse providing care for the antepartum woman should understand that the contraction stress test (CST): [1] Sometimes uses vibroacoustic stimulation. [2] Is an invasive test; however, contractions are stimulated. [3] >>Is considered negative if no late decelerations are observed with the contractions. [4]

Output: Is more effective than the nonstress test (NST) if the membranes have already been ruptured.


Input: [0] A woman has been diagnosed with a high risk pregnancy. She and her husband come into the office in a very anxious state. She seems to be coping by withdrawing from the discussion, showing declining interest. The nurse can best help the couple by: [1] Telling her that the physician will isolate the problem with more tests. [2] >>Encouraging her and urging her to continue with childbirth classes. [3] Becoming assertive and laying out the decisions the couple needs to make. [4]

Output: Downplaying her risks by citing success rate studies.


Input: [0] In the past factors to determine whether a woman was likely to develop a high risk pregnancy were evaluated primarily from a medical point of view. A broader, more comprehensive approach to high risk pregnancy has been adopted today. There are now four categories based on threats to the health of the woman and the outcome of pregnancy. These categories include all of these except: [1] Biophysical. [2] >>Geographic. [3] Psychosocial. [4]

Output: Environmental.


Input: [0] Risk factors tend to be interrelated and cumulative in their effect. While planning the care for a laboring client with diabetes mellitus, the nurse is aware that he or she is at a greater risk for: [1] Oligohydramnios. [2] Postterm pregnancy. [3] >>Polyhydramnios. [4]

Output: Chromosomal abnormalities.


Input: [0] Women with hyperemesis gravidarum: [1] Are a majority, because 70% of all pregnant women suffer from it at some time. [2] >>Have vomiting severe and persistent enough to cause weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance. [3] Need intravenous (IV) fluid and nutrition for most of their pregnancy. [4]

Output: Often inspire similar, milder symptoms in their male partners and mothers.


Input: [0] Because pregnant women may need surgery during pregnancy, nurses should be aware that: [1] >>The diagnosis of appendicitis may be difficult, because the normal signs and symptoms mimic some normal changes in pregnancy. [2] Rupture of the appendix is less likely in pregnant women because of the close monitoring. [3] Surgery for intestinal obstructions should be delayed as long as possible because it usually affects the pregnancy. [4]

Output: When pregnancy takes over, a woman is less likely to have ovarian problems that require invasive responses.


Input: [0] What laboratory marker is indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)? [1] Bleeding time of 10 minutes [2] Thrombocytopenia [3] >>Presence of fibrin split products [4]

Output: Hyperfibrinogenemia


Input: [0] In caring for an immediate postpartum client, you note petechiae and oozing from her IV site. You would monitor her closely for the clotting disorder: [1] >>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) [2] Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) [3] Hemorrhage [4]

Output: HELLP syndrome


Input: [0] In caring for the woman with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), what order should the nurse anticipate? [1] >>Administration of blood [2] Preparation of the client for invasive hemodynamic monitoring [3] Restriction of intravascular fluids [4]

Output: Administration of steroids


Input: [0] A primigravida is being monitored in her prenatal clinic for preeclampsia. What finding should concern her nurse? [1] Blood pressure (BP) increase to 138/86 mm Hg [2] Weight gain of 0.5 kg during the past 2 weeks [3] >>A dipstick value of 3+ for protein in her urine [4]

Output: Pitting pedal edema at the end of the day


Input: [0] The labor of a pregnant woman with preeclampsia is going to be induced. Before initiating the Pitocin infusion, the nurse reviews the woman's latest laboratory test findings, which reveal a platelet count of 90,000, an elevated aspartate transaminase (AST) level, and a falling hematocrit. The nurse notifies the physician because the laboratory results are indicative of: [1] Eclampsia. [2] Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). [3] >>HELLP syndrome. [4]

Output: Idiopathic thrombocytopenia.


Input: [0] A woman with preeclampsia has a seizure. The nurse's primary duty during the seizure is to: [1] Insert an oral airway. [2] Suction the mouth to prevent aspiration. [3] Administer oxygen by mask. [4]

Output: >>Stay with the client and call for help.


Input: [0] A pregnant woman has been receiving a magnesium sulfate infusion for treatment of severe preeclampsia for 24 hours. On assessment the nurse finds the following vital signs: temperature of 37.3¬∞ C, pulse rate of 88 beats/min, respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min, blood pressure (BP) of 148/90 mm Hg, absent deep tendon reflexes, and no ankle clonus. The client complains, ""I'm so thirsty and warm."" The nurse: [1] Calls for a stat magnesium sulfate level. [2] Administers oxygen. [3] >>Discontinues the magnesium sulfate infusion. [4]

Output: Prepares to administer hydralazine.


Input: [0] A woman with severe preeclampsia has been receiving magnesium sulfate by intravenous infusion for 8 hours. The nurse assesses the woman and documents the following findings: temperature of 37.1¬∞ C, pulse rate of 96 beats/min, respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min, blood pressure (BP) of 155/112 mm Hg, 3+ deep tendon reflexes, and no ankle clonus. The nurse calls the physician, anticipating an order for: [1] >>Hydralazine. [2] Diazepam. [3] Magnesium sulfate bolus. [4]

Output: Calcium gluconate.


Input: [0] A woman at 39 weeks of gestation with a history of preeclampsia is admitted to the labor and birth unit. She suddenly experiences increased contraction frequency of every 1 to 2 minutes; dark red vaginal bleeding; and a tense, painful abdomen. The nurse suspects the onset of: [1] Eclamptic seizure. [2] Placenta previa. [3] Rupture of the uterus. [4]

Output: >>Placental abruption.


Input: [0] A woman with severe preeclampsia is receiving a magnesium sulfate infusion. The nurse becomes concerned after assessment when the woman exhibits: [1] A sleepy, sedated affect. [2] Deep tendon reflexes of 2. [3] >>A respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min. [4]

Output: Absent ankle clonus.


Input: [0] Your client has been on magnesium sulfate for 20 hours for treatment of preeclampsia. She just delivered a viable infant girl 30 minutes ago. What uterine findings would you expect to observe/assess in this client? [1] Absence of uterine bleeding in the postpartum period [2] A fundus firm below the level of the umbilicus [3] Scant lochia flow [4]

Output: >>A boggy uterus with heavy lochia flow


Input: [0] Your client is being induced because of her worsening preeclampsia. She is also receiving magnesium sulfate. It appears that her labor has not become active despite several hours of oxytocin administration. She asks the nurse, ""Why is it taking so long?"" The most appropriate response by the nurse would be: [1] >>""The magnesium is relaxing your uterus and competing with the oxytocin. It may increase the duration of your labor."" [2] I don't know why it is taking so long. [3] The length of labor varies for different women. [4]

Output: Your baby is just being stubborn.


Input: [0] What nursing diagnosis would be the most appropriate for a woman experiencing severe preeclampsia? [1] >>Risk for injury to the fetus related to uteroplacental insufficiency [2] Risk for eclampsia [3] Risk for deficient fluid volume related to increased sodium retention secondary to administration of MgSO4 [4]

Output: Risk for increased cardiac output related to use of antihypertensive drugs


Input: [0] The nurse caring for pregnant women must be aware that the most common medical complication of pregnancy is: [1] >>Hypertension. [2] Hemorrhagic complications. [3] Hyperemesis gravidarum. [4]

Output: Infections.


Input: [0] Nurses should be aware that HELLP syndrome: [1] Is a mild form of preeclampsia. [2] Can be diagnosed by a nurse alert to its symptoms. [3] >>Is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. [4]

Output: Is associated with preterm labor but not perinatal mortality.


Input: [0] Nurses should be aware that chronic hypertension: [1] Is defined as hypertension that begins during pregnancy and lasts for the duration of pregnancy. [2] Is considered severe when the systolic blood pressure (BP) is greater than 140 mm Hg or the diastolic BP is greater than 90 mm Hg. [3] Is general hypertension plus proteinuria. [4]

Output: >>Can occur independently of or simultaneously with gestational hypertension.


Input: [0] In planning care for women with preeclampsia, nurses should be aware that: [1] >>Induction of labor is likely, as near term as possible. [2] If at home, the woman should be confined to her bed, even with mild preeclampsia. [3] A special diet low in protein and salt should be initiated. [4]

Output: Vaginal birth is still an option, even in severe cases.


Input: [0] Magnesium sulfate is given to women with preeclampsia and eclampsia to: [1] Improve patellar reflexes and increase respiratory efficiency. [2] Shorten the duration of labor. [3] >>Prevent and treat convulsions. [4]

Output: Prevent a boggy uterus and lessen lochial flow.


Input: [0] Preeclampsia is a unique disease process related only to human pregnancy. The exact cause of this condition continues to elude researchers. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has developed a comprehensive list of risk factors associated with the development of preeclampsia. Which client exhibits the greatest number of these risk factors? [1] A 30-year-old obese Caucasian with her third pregnancy [2] A 41-year-old Caucasian primigravida [3] >>An African-American client who is 19 years old and pregnant with twins [4]

Output: A 25-year-old Asian-American, whose pregnancy is the result of donor insemination


Input: [0] A woman presents to the emergency department complaining of bleeding and cramping. The initial nursing history is significant for a last menstrual period 6 weeks ago. On sterile speculum examination, the primary care provider finds that the cervix is closed. The anticipated plan of care for this woman would be based on a probable diagnosis of which type of spontaneous abortion? [1] Incomplete [2] >>Threatened [3] Inevitable [4]

Output: Septic


Input: [0] The perinatal nurse is giving discharge instructions to a woman, status postsuction curettage secondary to a hydatidiform mole. The woman asks why she must take oral contraceptives for the next 12 months. The best response from the nurse would be: [1] If you get pregnant within 1 year, the chance of a successful pregnancy is very small. Therefore, if you desire a future pregnancy, it would be better for you to use the most reliable method of contraception available. [2] >>""The major risk to you after a molar pregnancy is a type of cancer that can be diagnosed only by measuring the same hormone that your body produces during pregnancy. If you were to get pregnant, it would make the diagnosis of this cancer more difficult."" [3] If you can avoid a pregnancy for the next year, the chance of developing a second molar pregnancy is rare. Therefore, to improve your chance of a successful pregnancy, it is better not to get pregnant at this time. [4]

Output: Oral contraceptives are the only form of birth control that will prevent a recurrence of a molar pregnancy.


Input: [0] The most prevalent clinical manifestation of abruptio placentae (as opposed to placenta previa) is: [1] Bleeding. [2] Uterine activity. [3] >>Intense abdominal pain. [4]

Output: Cramping.


Input: [0] Methotrexate is recommended as part of the treatment plan for which obstetric complication? [1] Complete hydatidiform mole [2] >>Unruptured ectopic pregnancy [3] Missed abortion [4]

Output: Abruptio placentae


Input: [0] A 26-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2, para 1-0-0-1 is 28 weeks pregnant when she experiences bright red, painless vaginal bleeding. On her arrival at the hospital, what would be an expected diagnostic procedure? [1] Amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity [2] Contraction stress test (CST) [3] >>Ultrasound for placental location [4]

Output: Internal fetal monitoring


Input: [0] A laboring woman with no known risk factors suddenly experiences spontaneous rupture of membranes (ROM). The fluid consists of bright red blood. Her contractions are consistent with her current stage of labor. There is no change in uterine resting tone. The fetal heart rate begins to decline rapidly after the ROM. The nurse should suspect the possibility of: [1] Placenta previa. [2] >>Vasa previa. [3] Severe abruptio placentae. [4]

Output: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).


Input: [0] A woman arrives for evaluation of her symptoms, which include a missed period, adnexal fullness, tenderness, and dark red vaginal bleeding. On examination the nurse notices an ecchymotic blueness around the woman's umbilicus and recognizes this assessment finding as: [1] Normal integumentary changes associated with pregnancy. [2] Turner's sign associated with appendicitis. [3] >>Cullen's sign associated with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. [4]

Output: Chadwick's sign associated with early pregnancy.


Input: [0] With regard to miscarriage, nurses should be aware that: [1] It is a natural pregnancy loss before labor begins. [2] It occurs in fewer than 5% of all clinically recognized pregnancies. [3] It often can be attributed to careless maternal behavior such as poor nutrition or excessive exercise. [4]

Output: >>If it occurs before the twelfth week of pregnancy, it may present only as moderate discomfort and blood loss.


Input: [0] Bleeding disorders in late pregnancy include all of these except: [1] Placenta previa. [2] >>Spontaneous abortion. [3] Abruptio placentae. [4]

Output: Cord insertion.


Input: [0] Fetal bradycardia is most common during: [1] Intraamniotic infection. [2] Fetal anemia. [3] >>Prolonged umbilical cord compression. [4]

Output: Tocolytic treatment using ritodrine.


Input: [0] While evaluating an external monitor tracing of a woman in active labor, the nurse notes that the fetal heart rate (FHR) for five sequential contractions begins to decelerate late in the contraction, with the nadir of the decelerations occurring after the peak of the contraction. The nurse's first priority is to: [1] >>Change the woman's position. [2] Assist with amnioinfusion. [3] Notify the care provider. [4]

Output: Insert a scalp electrode.


Input: [0] The nurse caring for the laboring woman should understand that early decelerations are caused by: [1] >>Altered fetal cerebral blood flow. [2] Uteroplacental insufficiency. [3] Umbilical cord compression. [4]

Output: Spontaneous rupture of membranes.


Input: [0] The nurse providing care for the laboring woman should understand that accelerations with fetal movement: [1] >>Are reassuring. [2] Are caused by umbilical cord compression. [3] Warrant close observation. [4]

Output: Are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency.


Input: [0] The nurse providing care for the laboring woman should understand that variable fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations are caused by: [1] Altered fetal cerebral blood flow. [2] Uteroplacental insufficiency. [3] >>Umbilical cord compression. [4]

Output: Fetal hypoxemia.


Input: [0] The nurse providing care for the laboring woman should understand that late fetal heart rate (FHR) decelerations are caused by: [1] Altered cerebral blood flow. [2] >>Uteroplacental insufficiency. [3] Umbilical cord compression. [4]

Output: Meconium fluid.


Input: [0] The nurse providing care for the laboring woman should understand that amnioinfusion is used to treat: [1] >>Variable decelerations. [2] Fetal bradycardia. [3] Late decelerations. [4]

Output: Fetal tachycardia.


Input: [0] The nurse caring for the woman in labor should understand that maternal hypotension can result in: [1] Early decelerations. [2] >>Uteroplacental insufficiency. [3] Fetal dysrhythmias. [4]

Output: Spontaneous rupture of membranes.


Input: [0] The nurse caring for a laboring woman is aware that maternal cardiac output can be increased by: [1] >>Change in position. [2] Regional anesthesia. [3] Oxytocin administration. [4]

Output: Intravenous analgesic.


Input: [0] While evaluating an external monitor tracing of a woman in active labor whose labor is being induced, the nurse notes that the fetal heart rate (FHR) begins to decelerate at the onset of several contractions and returns to baseline before each contraction ends. The nurse should: [1] Change the woman's position. [2] Discontinue the oxytocin infusion. [3] Insert an internal monitor. [4]

Output: >>Document the finding in the client's record.


Input: [0] Which fetal heart rate (FHR) finding would concern the nurse during labor? [1] Accelerations with fetal movement [2] An average FHR of 126 beats/min [3] Early decelerations [4]

Output: >>Late decelerations


Input: [0] The most common cause of decreased variability in the fetal heart rate (FHR) that lasts 30 minutes or less is: [1] Altered cerebral blood flow. [2] Umbilical cord compression. [3] Fetal hypoxemia. [4]

Output: >>Fetal sleep cycles.


Input: [0] Fetal well-being during labor is assessed by: [1] >>The response of the fetal heart rate (FHR) to uterine contractions (UCs). [2] Maternal pain control. [3] Accelerations in the FHR. [4]

Output: An FHR above 110 beats/min.


Input: [0] You are evaluating the fetal monitor tracing of your client, who is in active labor. Suddenly you see the fetal heart rate (FHR) drop from its baseline of 125 down to 80. You reposition the mother, provide oxygen, increase intravenous (IV) fluid, and perform a vaginal examination. The cervix has not changed. Five minutes have passed, and the fetal heart rate remains in the 80s. What additional nursing measures should you take? [1] Scream for help. [2] Start pitocin. [3] Insert a Foley catheter. [4]

Output: >>Notify the care provider immediately.


Input: [0] What three measures should the nurse implement to provide intrauterine resuscitation? Select the response that best indicates the priority of actions that should be taken. [1] Call the provider, reposition the mother, and perform a vaginal examination. [2] >>Reposition the mother, increase intravenous (IV) fluid, and provide oxygen via face mask. [3] Administer oxygen to the mother, increase IV fluid, and notify the care provider. [4]

Output: Perform a vaginal examination, reposition the mother, and provide oxygen via face mask.


Input: [0] Perinatal nurses are legally responsible for: [1] >>Correctly interpreting fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns, initiating appropriate nursing interventions, and documenting the outcomes. [2] Greeting the client on arrival, assessing her, and starting an intravenous line. [3] Applying the external fetal monitor and notifying the care provider. [4]

Output: Making sure that the woman is comfortable.


Input: [0] As a perinatal nurse you realize that a fetal heart rate that is tachycardic, is bradycardic, or has late decelerations or loss of variability is nonreassuring and is associated with: [1] Hypotension. [2] Maternal drug use. [3] Cord compression. [4]

Output: >>Hypoxemia.


Input: [0] A new client and her partner arrive on the labor, delivery, recovery, and postpartum unit for the birth of their first child. You apply the electronic fetal monitor (EFM) to the woman. Her partner asks you to explain what is printing on the graph, referring to the EFM strip. He wants to know what the baby's heart rate should be. Your best response is: [1] Don't worry about that machine; that's my job. [2] >>""The top line graphs the baby's heart rate. Generally the heart rate is between 110 and 160. The heart rate will fluctuate in response to what is happening during labor."" [3] The top line graphs the baby's heart rate, and the bottom line lets me know how strong the contractions are. [4]

Output: Your doctor will explain all of that later.


Input: [0] A normal uterine activity pattern in labor is characterized by: [1] >>Contractions every 2 to 5 minutes. [2] Contractions lasting about 2 minutes. [3] Contractions about 1 minute apart. [4]

Output: A contraction intensity of about 1000 mm Hg with relaxation at 50 mm Hg.


Input: [0] According to standard professional thinking, nurses should auscultate the fetal heart rate (FHR): [1] Every 15 minutes in the active phase of the first stage of labor in the absence of risk factors. [2] Every 20 minutes in the second stage, regardless of whether risk factors are present. [3] >>Before and after ambulation and rupture of membranes. [4]

Output: More often in a woman's first pregnancy.


Input: [0] When using intermittent auscultation (IA) for fetal heart rate, nurses should be aware that: [1] They can be expected to cover only two or three clients when IA is the primary method of fetal assessment. [2] The best course is to use the descriptive terms associated with electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) when documenting results. [3] If the heartbeat cannot be found immediately, a shift must be made to EFM. [4]

Output: >>Ultrasound can be used to find the fetal heartbeat and reassure the mother if initial difficulty was a factor.


Input: [0] When using intermittent auscultation (IA) to assess uterine activity, nurses should be aware that: [1] >>The examiner's hand should be placed over the fundus before, during, and after contractions. [2] The frequency and duration of contractions is measured in seconds for consistency. [3] Contraction intensity is given a judgment number of 1 to 7 by the nurse and client together. [4]

Output: The resting tone between contractions is described as either placid or turbulent.


Input: [0] What is an advantage of external electronic fetal monitoring? [1] The ultrasound transducer can accurately measure short-term variability and beat-to-beat changes in the fetal heart rate. [2] The tocotransducer can measure and record the frequency, regularity, intensity, and approximate duration of uterine contractions (UCs). [3] >>The tocotransducer is especially valuable for measuring uterine activity during the first stage of labor. [4]

Output: Once correctly applied by the nurse, the transducer need not be repositioned even when the woman changes positions.


Input: [0] When assessing the relative advantages and disadvantages of internal and external electronic fetal monitoring, nurses should be aware that both: [1] Can be used when membranes are intact. [2] Measure the frequency, duration, and intensity of uterine contractions. [3] May need to rely on the woman to indicate when uterine activity (UA) is occurring. [4]

Output: >>Can be used during the antepartum and intrapartum periods.


Input: [0] During labor a fetus with an average heart rate of 135 beats/min over a 10-minute period would be considered to have: [1] Bradycardia. [2] Tachycardia. [3] >>A normal baseline heart rate. [4]

Output: Hypoxia.


Input: [0] The nurse caring for the woman in labor should understand that increased variability of the fetal heart rate might be caused by: [1] Narcotics. [2] >>Methamphetamines. [3] Barbiturates. [4]

Output: Tranquilizers.


Input: [0] Nurses should be aware that accelerations in the fetal heart rate: [1] Are indications of fetal well-being when they are periodic. [2] Are greater and longer in preterm gestations. [3] Are usually seen with breech presentations when they are episodic. [4]

Output: >>May visibly resemble the shape of the uterine contraction.


Input: [0] Which deceleration of the fetal heart rate would NOT require the nurse to change the maternal position? [1] >>Early decelerations [2] Late decelerations [3] Variable decelerations [4]

Output: It is always a good idea to change the woman's position.


Input: [0] What correctly matches the type of deceleration with its likely cause? [1] Early deceleration‚Äîumbilical cord compression [2] >>Late deceleration‚Äîuteroplacental inefficiency [3] Variable deceleration‚Äîhead compression [4]

Output: Prolonged deceleration‚Äîcause unknown


Input: [0] The nurse caring for a woman in labor understands that prolonged decelerations: [1] Are a continuing pattern of benign decelerations that do not require intervention. [2] Constitute a baseline change when they last longer than 5 minutes. [3] >>Usually are isolated events that end spontaneously. [4]

Output: Require the usual fetal monitoring by the nurse.


Input: [0] A nurse might be called on to stimulate the fetal scalp: [1] As part of fetal scalp blood sampling. [2] In response to tocolysis. [3] In preparation for fetal oxygen saturation monitoring. [4]

Output: >>To elicit an acceleration in the fetal heart rate (FHR).


Input: [0] In assisting with the two factors that have an effect on fetal status (i.e., pushing and positioning), nurses should: [1] >>Encourage the woman's cooperation in avoiding the supine position. [2] Advise the woman to avoid the semi-Fowler position. [3] Encourage the woman to hold her breath and tighten her abdominal muscles to produce a vaginal response. [4]

Output: Instruct the woman to open her mouth and close her glottis, letting air escape after the push.


Input: [0] A number of methods to assist in the assessment of fetal well-being have been developed for use in conjunction with electronic fetal monitoring. These various technologies assist in supporting interventions for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern when necessary. The labor and delivery nurse should be aware that one of these modalities, fetal oxygen saturation monitoring, includes the use of: [1] A fetal acoustic stimulator. [2] >>Fetal pulse oximetry. [3] Fetal blood sampling. [4]

Output: Umbilical cord acid-base determination.


Input: [0] In planning for home care of a woman with preterm labor, the nurse needs to address what concern? [1] Nursing assessments will be different from those done in the hospital setting. [2] Restricted activity and medications will be necessary to prevent recurrence of preterm labor. [3] >>Prolonged bed rest may cause negative physiologic effects. [4]

Output: Home health care providers will be necessary.


Input: [0] The nurse providing care for a woman with preterm labor on terbutaline would include which intervention to identify side effects of the drug? [1] Assessing deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) [2] >>Assessing for dyspnea and crackles [3] Assessing for bradycardia [4]

Output: Assessing for hypoglycemia


Input: [0] In evaluating the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate for the treatment of preterm labor, what finding would alert the nurse to possible side effects? [1] Urine output of 160 ml in 4 hours [2] Deep tendon reflexes 2+ and no clonus [3] Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min [4]

Output: >>Serum magnesium level of 10 mg/dl


Input: [0] A woman in preterm labor at 30 weeks of gestation receives two 12-mg doses of betamethasone intramuscularly. The purpose of this pharmacologic treatment is to: [1] >>Stimulate fetal surfactant production. [2] Reduce maternal and fetal tachycardia associated with ritodrine administration. [3] Suppress uterine contractions. [4]

Output: Maintain adequate maternal respiratory effort and ventilation during magnesium sulfate therapy.


Input: [0] A woman at 26 weeks of gestation is being assessed to determine whether she is experiencing preterm labor. What finding indicates that preterm labor is occurring? [1] Estriol is not found in maternal saliva. [2] Irregular, mild uterine contractions are occurring every 12 to 15 minutes. [3] Fetal fibronectin is present in vaginal secretions. [4]

Output: >>The cervix is effacing and dilated to 2 cm.


Input: [0] A primigravida at 40 weeks of gestation is having uterine contractions every 1.5 to 2 minutes and says that they are very painful. Her cervix is dilated 2 cm and has not changed in 3 hours. The woman is crying and wants an epidural. What is the likely status of this woman's labor? [1] She is exhibiting hypotonic uterine dysfunction. [2] She is experiencing a normal latent stage. [3] >>She is exhibiting hypertonic uterine dysfunction. [4]

Output: She is experiencing pelvic dystocia.


Input: [0] What assessment is least likely to be associated with a breech presentation? [1] Meconium-stained amniotic fluid [2] Fetal heart tones heard at or above the maternal umbilicus [3] Preterm labor and birth [4]

Output: >>Postterm gestation


Input: [0] A woman is having her first child. She has been in labor for 15 hours. Two hours ago her vaginal examination revealed the cervix to be dilated to 5 cm and 100% effaced, and the presenting part was at station 0. Five minutes ago her vaginal examination indicated that there had been no change. What abnormal labor pattern is associated with this description? [1] Prolonged latent phase [2] >>Arrest of active phase [3] Protracted active phase [4]

Output: Protracted descent


Input: [0] In evaluating the effectiveness of oxytocin induction, the nurse would expect: [1] >>Contractions lasting 40 to 90 seconds, 2 to 3 minutes apart. [2] The intensity of contractions to be at least 110 to 130 mm Hg. [3] Labor to progress at least 2 cm/hr dilation. [4]

Output: At least 30 mU/min of oxytocin will be needed to achieve cervical dilation.


Input: [0] In planning for an expected cesarean birth for a woman who has given birth by cesarean previously and who has a fetus in the transverse presentation, the nurse would include what information? [1] Because this is a repeat procedure, you are at the lowest risk for complications. [2] >>""Even though this is your second cesarean birth, you may wish to review the preoperative and postoperative procedures."" [3] Because this is your second cesarean birth, you will recover faster. [4]

Output: You will not need preoperative teaching because this is your second cesarean birth.


Input: [0] For a woman at 42 weeks of gestation, which finding would require more assessment by the nurse? [1] Fetal heart rate of 116 beats/min [2] Cervix dilated 2 cm and 50% effaced [3] Score of 8 on the biophysical profile [4]

Output: >>One fetal movement noted in 1 hour of assessment by the mother


Input: [0] A pregnant woman's amniotic membranes rupture. Prolapsed cord is suspected. What intervention would be the top priority? [1] >>Placing the woman in the knee-chest position [2] Covering the cord in sterile gauze soaked in saline [3] Preparing the woman for a cesarean birth [4]

Output: Starting oxygen by face mask


Input: [0] Prepidil (prostaglandin gel) has been ordered for a pregnant woman at 43 weeks of gestation. The nurse recognizes that this medication will be administered to: [1] Enhance uteroplacental perfusion in an aging placenta. [2] Increase amniotic fluid volume. [3] >>Ripen the cervix in preparation for labor induction. [4]

Output: Stimulate the amniotic membranes to rupture.


Input: [0] A pregnant woman at 29 weeks of gestation has been diagnosed with preterm labor. Her labor is being controlled with tocolytic medications. She asks when she might be able to go home. What response by the nurse is most accurate? [1] After the baby is born. [2] >>""When we can stabilize your preterm labor and arrange home health visits."" [3] Whenever the doctor says that it is okay. [4]

Output: It depends on what kind of insurance coverage you have.


Input: [0] The nurse is caring for a client whose labor is being augmented with oxytocin. He or she recognizes that the oxytocin should be discontinued immediately if there is evidence of: [1] Uterine contractions occurring every 8 to 10 minutes. [2] >>A fetal heart rate (FHR) of 180 with absence of variability. [3] The client needing to void. [4]

Output: Rupture of the client's amniotic membranes.


Input: [0] Nurses should know some basic definitions concerning preterm birth, preterm labor, and low birth weight. For instance: [1] The terms preterm birth and low birth weight can be used interchangeably. [2] >>Preterm labor is defined as cervical changes and uterine contractions occurring between 20 and 37 weeks of pregnancy. [3] Low birth weight is anything below 3.7 pounds. [4]

Output: In the United States early in this century, preterm birth accounted for 18% to 20% of all births.


Input: [0] With regard to the care management of preterm labor, nurses should be aware that: [1] Because all women must be considered at risk for preterm labor and prediction is so hit-and-miss, teaching pregnant women the symptoms probably causes more harm through false alarms. [2] Braxton Hicks contractions often signal the onset of preterm labor. [3] Because preterm labor is likely to be the start of an extended labor, a woman with symptoms can wait several hours before contacting the primary caregiver. [4]

Output: >>The diagnosis of preterm labor is based on gestational age, uterine activity, and progressive cervical change.


Input: [0] With regard to the use of tocolytic therapy to suppress uterine activity, nurses should be aware that: [1] The drugs can be given efficaciously up to the designated beginning of term at 37 weeks. [2] There are no important maternal (as opposed to fetal) contraindications. [3] >>Its most important function is to afford the opportunity to administer antenatal glucocorticoids. [4]

Output: If the client develops pulmonary edema while on tocolytics, intravenous (IV) fluids should be given.


Input: [0] With regard to dysfunctional labor, nurses should be aware that: [1] Women who are underweight are more at risk. [2] >>Women experiencing precipitous labor are about the only ""dysfunctionals"" not to be exhausted. [3] Hypertonic uterine dysfunction is more common than hypotonic dysfunction. [4]

Output: Abnormal labor patterns are most common in older women.


Input: [0] The least common cause of long, difficult, or abnormal labor (dystocia) is: [1] Midplane contracture of the pelvis. [2] Compromised bearing-down efforts as a result of pain medication. [3] >>Disproportion of the pelvis. [4]

Output: Low-lying placenta.


Input: [0] Nurses should be aware that the induction of labor: [1] Can be achieved by external and internal version techniques. [2] Is also known as a trial of labor (TOL). [3] Is almost always done for medical reasons. [4]

Output: >>Is rated for viability by a Bishop score.


Input: [0] With regard to the process of inducing labor, nurses should be aware that: [1] Ripening the cervix usually results in a decreased success rate for induction. [2] >>Labor sometimes can be induced with balloon catheters or laminaria tents. [3] Oxytocin is less expensive than prostaglandins and more effective but creates greater health risks. [4]

Output: Amniotomy can be used to make the cervix more favorable for labor.


Input: [0] With regard to the process of augmentation of labor, the nurse should be aware that it: [1] >>Is part of the active management of labor that is instituted when the labor process is unsatisfactory. [2] Relies on more invasive methods when oxytocin and amniotomy have failed. [3] Is a modern management term to cover up the negative connotations of forceps-assisted birth. [4]

Output: Uses vacuum cups.


Input: [0] The nurse providing care to a woman in labor should be aware that cesarean birth: [1] Is declining in frequency in the twenty-first century in the United States. [2] Is more likely to be done for the poor in public hospitals who do not get the nurse counseling that wealthier clients do. [3] >>Is performed primarily for the benefit of the fetus. [4]

Output: Can be either elected or refused by women as their absolute legal right.


Input: [0] With regard to the psychologic complications and risks of forced cesarean births, nurses should be aware that: [1] A family's worries about extra cost are unfounded; vaginal birth and unscheduled cesarean births cost about the same. [2] Most women relate to their newborns as quickly and are as likely to breastfeed as those who went through vaginal birth. [3] The psychologic outcomes are the same as for women who go through scheduled cesarean births. [4]

Output: >>Some couples (and individuals) have sexual worries; the women worry about sexual attractiveness, and the men worry about hurting their partners.


Input: [0] The exact cause of preterm labor is unknown and believed to be multifactorial. Infection is thought to be a major factor in many preterm labors. Select the type of infection that has not been linked to preterm births: [1] >>Viral [2] Cervical [3] Periodontal [4]

Output: Urinary tract


Input: [0] The perinatal nurse is caring for a woman in the immediate postbirth period. Assessment reveals that the woman is experiencing profuse bleeding. The most likely etiology for the bleeding is: [1] >>Uterine atony. [2] Vaginal hematoma. [3] Uterine inversion. [4]

Output: Vaginal laceration.


Input: [0] A primary nursing responsibility when caring for a woman experiencing an obstetric hemorrhage associated with uterine atony is to: [1] Establish venous access. [2] >>Perform fundal massage. [3] Prepare the woman for surgical intervention. [4]

Output: Catheterize the bladder.


Input: [0] The perinatal nurse caring for the postpartum woman understands that late postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is most likely caused by: [1] >>Subinvolution of the placental site. [2] Cervical lacerations. [3] Defective vascularity of the decidua. [4]

Output: Coagulation disorders.


Input: [0] What woman is at greatest risk for early postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)? [1] A primiparous woman (G 2 P 1 0 0 1) being prepared for an emergency cesarean birth for fetal distress [2] >>A woman with severe preeclampsia on magnesium sulfate whose labor is being induced [3] A multiparous woman (G 3 P 2 0 0 2) with an 8-hour labor [4]

Output: A primigravida in spontaneous labor with preterm twins


Input: [0] The first and most important nursing intervention when a nurse observes profuse postpartum bleeding is to: [1] Call the woman's primary health care provider. [2] Administer the standing order for an oxytocic. [3] >>Palpate the uterus and massage it if it is boggy. [4]

Output: Assess maternal blood pressure and pulse for signs of hypovolemic shock.


Input: [0] When caring for a postpartum woman experiencing hemorrhagic shock, the nurse recognizes that the most objective and least invasive assessment of adequate organ perfusion and oxygenation is: [1] Absence of cyanosis in the buccal mucosa. [2] Cool, dry skin. [3] Diminished restlessness. [4]

Output: >>Urinary output of at least 30 ml/hr.


Input: [0] One of the first symptoms of puerperal infection to assess for in the postpartum woman is: [1] Fatigue continuing for longer than 1 week. [2] Pain with voiding. [3] Profuse vaginal bleeding with ambulation. [4]

Output: >>Temperature of 38¬∞ C (100.4¬∞ F) or higher on 2 successive days starting 24 hours after birth.


Input: [0] The perinatal nurse assisting with establishing lactation is aware that acute mastitis can be minimized by: [1] Washing the nipples and breasts with mild soap and water once a day. [2] >>Using proper breastfeeding techniques. [3] Wearing a nipple shield for the first few days of breastfeeding. [4]

Output: Wearing a supportive bra 24 hours a day.


Input: [0] Nurses need to know the basic definitions and incidence data about postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). For instance: [1] PPH is easy to recognize early; after all, the woman is bleeding. [2] Traditionally it takes more than 1000 ml of blood after vaginal birth and 2500 ml after cesarean birth to define the condition as PPH. [3] If anything, nurses and doctors tend to overestimate the amount of blood loss. [4]

Output: >>Traditionally PPH has been classified as early or late with respect to birth.


Input: [0] A woman who has recently given birth complains of pain and tenderness in her leg. On physical examination the nurse notices warmth and redness over an enlarged, hardened area. The nurse should suspect __________ and should confirm the diagnosis by ___________. [1] Disseminated intravascular coagulation; asking for laboratory tests [2] von Willebrand disease; noting whether bleeding times have been extended [3] >>Thrombophlebitis; using real-time and color Doppler ultrasound [4]

Output: Coagulopathies; drawing blood for laboratory analysis


Input: [0] What PPH conditions are considered medical emergencies that require immediate treatment? [1] >>Inversion of the uterus and hypovolemic shock [2] Hypotonic uterus and coagulopathies [3] Subinvolution of the uterus and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura [4]

Output: Uterine atony and disseminated intravascular coagulation


Input: [0] What infection is contracted mostly by first-time mothers who are breastfeeding? [1] Endometritis [2] >>Mastitis [3] Wound infections [4]

Output: Urinary tract infections


Input: [0] Despite popular belief, there is a rare type of hemophilia that affects women of childbearing age. von Willebrand disease is the most common of the hereditary bleeding disorders and can affect males and females alike. It results from a factor VIII deficiency and platelet dysfunction. Although factor VIII levels increase naturally during pregnancy, there is an increased risk for postpartum hemorrhage from birth until 4 weeks after delivery as levels of von Willebrand factor (vWf) and factor VIII decrease. The treatment that should be considered first for the client with von Willebrand disease who experiences a postpartum hemorrhage is: [1] Cryoprecipitate. [2] >>Desmopressin. [3] Factor VIII and vWf. [4]

Output: Hemabate.


Input: [0] The nurse should be aware that a pessary would be most effective in the treatment of what disorder? [1] Cystocele [2] Rectocele [3] >>Uterine prolapse [4]

Output: Stress urinary incontinence


Input: [0] A mother in late middle age who is certain she is not pregnant tells the nurse during an office visit that she has urinary problems and sensations of bearing down and of something in her vagina. The nurse would realize that the client most likely is suffering from: [1] Pelvic relaxation. [2] Uterine displacement. [3] >>Cystoceles and/or rectoceles. [4]

Output: Genital fistulas.


Input: [0] The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) increases as women age, with more than one third of women in the United States suffering from some form of this disorder. The symptoms of mild-to-moderate UI can be successfully decreased by a number of strategies. Which of these should the nurse instruct the client to use first? [1] Pelvic floor support devices [2] >>Bladder training and pelvic muscle exercises [3] Surgery [4]

Output: Medications


Input: [0] When a woman is diagnosed with postpartum depression (PPD) with psychotic features, one of the main concerns is that she may: [1] Have outbursts of anger. [2] >>Harm her infant. [3] Neglect her hygiene. [4]

Output: Lose interest in her husband.


Input: [0] According to Beck's studies, what risk factor for postpartum depression is likely to have the greatest effect on the woman's condition? [1] >>Prenatal depression [2] Low socioeconomic status [3] Single-mother status [4]

Output: Unplanned or unwanted pregnancy


Input: [0] To provide adequate postpartum care, the nurse should be aware that postpartum depression (PPD) without psychotic features: [1] Means that the woman is experiencing the baby blues. In addition she has a visit with a counselor or psychologist. [2] Is more common among older, Caucasian women because they have higher expectations. [3] >>Is distinguished by irritability, severe anxiety, and panic attacks. [4]

Output: Will disappear on its own without outside help.


Input: [0] To provide adequate postpartum care, the nurse should be aware that postpartum depression (PPD) with psychotic features: [1] Is more likely to occur in women with more than two children. [2] Is rarely delusional and then usually about someone trying to harm her (the mother). [3] Although serious, is not likely to need psychiatric hospitalization. [4]

Output: >>May include bipolar disorder (formerly called ""manic depression"").


Input: [0] With shortened hospital stays, new mothers are often discharged before they begin to experience symptoms of the baby blues or postpartum depression. As part of the discharge teaching, the nurse can prepare the mother for this adjustment to her new role by instructing her regarding self-care activities to help prevent postpartum depression. The most accurate statement as related to these activities is to: [1] Stay home and avoid outside activities to ensure adequate rest. [2] Be certain that you are the only caregiver for your baby to facilitate infant attachment. [3] Keep feelings of sadness and adjustment to your new role to yourself. [4]

Output: >>Realize that this is a common occurrence that affects many women.


Input: [0] A family is visiting two surviving triplets. The third triplet died 2 days ago. What action would indicate that the family had begun to grieve for the dead infant? [1] They refer to the two live infants as twins. [2] They ask about the dead triplet's current status. [3] They bring in play clothes for all three infants. [4]

Output: >>They refer to the dead infant in the past tense.


Input: [0] A newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is dying as a result of a massive infection. The parents speak to the neonatologist, who informs them of their son's prognosis. When the father sees his son, he says, ""He looks just fine to me. I can't understand what all this is about."" The most appropriate response by the nurse would be: [1] Didn't the doctor tell you about your son's problems? [2] >>""This must be a difficult time for you. Tell me how you're doing."" [3] To stand beside him quietly. [4]

Output: You'll have to face up to the fact that he is going to die sooner or later.


Input: [0] The most appropriate statement that the nurse can make to bereaved parents is: [1] You have an angel in heaven. [2] I understand how you must feel. [3] You're young and can have other children. [4]

Output: >>""I'm sorry.""