Input: [Off-grid] Solar power system

Output: complete system of solar panels which produces a direct current thanks to the photovoltaic effect. An inverter converts the generated electricity into alternative current, so it can be fed into the grid.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Solar panel laminates

Output: unframed photovoltaic modules which are embedded in the supporting structure using EPDM rubber strips.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Solar cell

Output: see 'cell'

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Solar2World

Output: the 'Solar2World' programme is where the SolarWorld Group brings together all its social commitment projects for the use of solar energy technology, especially in developing countries.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Stand-alone system

Output: solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The energy produced can be stored in batteries ready for use at a later stage.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] STC (standard test conditions)

Output: standard test conditions are conditions under which a module or cell's electric and voltage characteristics are measured and then entered on the module data sheet. STC = 1,000 W/m², 25° C cell temperature, solar spectrum AM = 1.5.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Sunmodule Plus

Output: Sunmodule Plus is an innovative module concept. Plus sorting means that each module achieves a greater output than their specified nominal output (according to performance test), thus guaranteeing optimum efficiency in systems without the need to sort modules.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Sustainability

Output: 1. the capacity to endure; refers to a system which lasts a long time; 2. scientific concept regarding objective limits to exploiting the environment; 3. ethical-normative concept, the core of which is the issue of fairness and balance.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Sustainability management

Output: management of environmental, social and economic factors, firstly, in order to achieve sustainable company and business development and, secondly, to ensure a company makes a positive contribution to the sustainable development of society as a whole.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [O] V [Off-grid] Value chain, solar

Output: the solar value chain refers to the production stages from sand or raw silicon processing through to the finished photovoltaic module, including recycling.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [O] W [Off-grid] Wafer

Output: extremely thin discs made of solar-grade silicon used to make solar cells. They can be monocrystalline or multicrystalline.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Off-grid] Watt

Output: international unit of power named after the Scottish inventor James Watt; symbol: W.

solar power systems which are not connected to an electricity network. The electricity produced is consumed or stored directly on site (so-called stand-alone systems).


Input: [Water] Minimal to no impact. [Land]

Output: High impact, resulting injuring to the joints.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Even if you are unable to stand on land, you are able to stand in the water. [Land]

Output: Inability to stand limited to chair or bed type exercises.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Everyone is equal in the water. No limitations based on age, body size, sex, or health-related limitations. [Land]

Output: Not everyone can keep up with land type classes.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Water supports the body; limited chance of falling. [Land]

Output: If you fall, there is potential for injury from the fall.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Moves will help heal injuries. [Land]

Output: Moves can potentially cause injuries.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Working in the water allows your heart to work more efficiently without working as hard. [Land]

Output: The heart has to work overtime to keep up with body requirements.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Helps to reduce swelling in joints. [Land]

Output: May irritate joint injuries.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Cooler and refreshing. [Land]

Output: Very warm and sweat inducing.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] All movements use the total body. [Land]

Output: Some moves are specific to a certain part of the body; full body does not work with all movements.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Body does not hurt after class. [Land]

Output: Muscle pain may result, making movement difficult.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Turbulence gives you a body massage as you are working. [Land]

Output: You may have to go for a massage after the class.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Each movement requires you to push water, so you work harder to move your limbs. [Land]

Output: Very easy to move your limbs in the air, so results are harder to achieve.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Due to the resistance of water, your movements are slow and more precise; the use of muscles is more efficient. [Land]

Output: With land exercises, you move quickly and sometimes jerkily through the air.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Each move is concentric and eccentric, because of the absence of gravity you have to work to bring your arm down, otherwise it will float. [Land]

Output: Movements are concentric, but gravity lowers the limb down, so muscles are working in one direction.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] The therapeutic advantages of water, such as buoyancy, thermal conductivity, and resistance can help you reach your therapy goals. [Land]

Output: You can only work on specific area of the body at a time.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] For back pain, working out in the water is more tolerable, with less impact on the spine. [Land]

Output: Too much impact, which may potentially cause pain, discomfort and further damage.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Deep water exercise is almost like placing the back in traction. [Land]

Output: Because of gravity, there is compression on the back at all times.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Warmth, buoyancy and 3-dimensional support of water provide a safe environment for someone who has balance challenges. [Land]

Output: Air provides no support. You will have balancing challenges and spend more time worrying about balance than exercising.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Water] Because of buoyancy, you weigh less, thus enabling free movement. [Land]

Output: Your weight may prevent participating in full or part in some movements.

Aquatic Therapy vs Land Therapy - AQUA4BALANCE


Input: [Route] Intravenous [Bioavailability] 100% [Characteristics]

Output: Most rapid


Input: [Route] Intramuscular [Bioavailability] 75≤100% [Characteristics]

Output: Large volume may be injected but painful method


Input: [Route] Subcutaneous [Bioavailability] 75≤100% [Characteristics]

Output: Smaller volume than IM, may be painful


Input: [Route] Oral [Bioavailability] 5≤100% [Characteristics]

Output: Convenient, first pass metabolism occurs


Input: [Route] Rectal [Bioavailability] 30<100% [Characteristics]

Output: Less first pass metabolism than oral route


Input: [Route] Inhalation [Bioavailability] 5<100% [Characteristics]

Output: Rapid onset


Input: [Route] Transdermal [Bioavailability] 80≤100% [Characteristics]

Output: Usually slow absorption, lack of first pass metabolism and prolonged duration of action


Input: [Materials] Alfalfa meal and hay [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping it up will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Algae, seaweed and lake moss [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Good source of nutrients and minerals.


Input: [Materials] Apple pomace (cider press waste) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: If dried use as a carbon


Input: [Materials] Ashes (wood, not coal) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Neutral [Details]

Output: Use only wood ashes since coal ashes can be toxic to plants. Use sparingly as a pest deterant.


Input: [Materials] Banana peels [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping it up will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Beverages, kitchen rinse water [Carbon or Nitrogen] Neutral [Details]

Output: Help keep the pile moist, but don’t over do it.


Input: [Materials] Buckwheat straw or hulls [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping it up will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Cardboard [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: If you have lots of this, consider recycling it. Otherwise, shred into small pieces in pile.


Input: [Materials] Cat litter (unused!) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Ugh..make sure its unused


Input: [Materials] Clover [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Add it for a bit of luck!


Input: [Materials] Cocoa hulls [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping it up will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Coffee grounds (and filters) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Great source of nitrogen and worms love coffee grounds! The filter will break down so add it too!


Input: [Materials] Cornstalks, corn cobs [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: A little tricky, so shred and/or break down and mix well into pile.


Input: [Materials] Cotton Bur [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Great to use to jump start your pile or warm it up


Input: [Materials] Cowpeas [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Add them if you got them!


Input: [Materials] Dog food [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Best if not a meat based dog food


Input: [Materials] Dryer lint [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Yum, lint. Make sure you moisten it a little before you add it.


Input: [Materials] Eelgrass [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: If dry use as a carbon


Input: [Materials] Egg shells [Carbon or Nitrogen] Neutral [Details]

Output: These break down slowly, so make sure to crush these before adding.


Input: [Materials] Feathers [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Slow to break down, shred if possible to speed up process


Input: [Materials] Flowers [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Green use as Nitrogen, dried use as carbon


Input: [Materials] Fruit peels (not limes) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Best if you cut them up to small pieces


Input: [Materials] Grape pomace (winery waste) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: When dried and shredded best used as a carbon


Input: [Materials] Green Grass clippings [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: When green can be used as a Nitrogen


Input: [Materials] Dried Grass clippings [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Make sure they are not too wet and mix with dry leaves for best results.


Input: [Materials] Hair [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Good source of nitrogen. Make sure you scatter, so it doesn’t clump.


Input: [Materials] Hay [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: The best kind is hay that is not suitable for livestock and is starting to decay on its own. Make sure it is dry and weathered.


Input: [Materials] Hedge Clippings [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping it up will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Hops (brewery waste) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: When dried and shredded best used as a carbon


Input: [Materials] Kelp (seaweed) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Good source of potassium (perfect for growing potatoes!). Use sparingly or sprinkle kelp meal in to get your pile cooking.


Input: [Materials] Leather (leather waste) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping it up will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Leaves [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping it up will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Manure from herbivores (cow, horse, pig, sheep, chicken, rabbit) [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Best if known to come from a herbivore


Input: [Materials] Newspaper [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Nut shells [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Oak leaves [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Oat straw [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Sawdust and wood shavings [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Preferably not from kiln-dried wood


Input: [Materials] Paper [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Peanut hulls [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Peat moss [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Also great to add to your garden soil


Input: [Materials] Pine needles and cones [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Shredding or chopping will help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Tea leaves [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Best if shredded to help it break down quicker


Input: [Materials] Vegetable peels and scraps [Carbon or Nitrogen] Nitrogen [Details]

Output: Kitchen scraps are a great source of nitrogen


Input: [Materials] Vetch [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: From the pea family, yup add it too


Input: [Materials] Weeds [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Don’t add if your concerned about spreading the seeds


Input: [Materials] Wheat straw [Carbon or Nitrogen] Carbon [Details]

Output: Best if shredded to help it break down quicker


Input: [AIPS] APROPOS [CASA] taskhelp [Purpose]

Output: List tasks with a short description of their purposes


Input: [AIPS] BLCAL [CASA] blcal [Purpose]

Output: Calculate a baseline-based gain calibration solution


Input: [AIPS] BLCHN [CASA] blcal [Purpose]

Output: Calculate a baseline-based bandpass calibration solution


Input: [AIPS] BPASS [CASA] bandpass [Purpose]

Output: Calibrate bandpasses


Input: [AIPS] CALIB [CASA] gaincal [Purpose]

Output: Calibrate gains (amplitudes and phases)


Input: [AIPS] CLCAL [CASA] applycal [Purpose]

Output: Apply calibration to data


Input: [AIPS] COMB [CASA] immath [Purpose]

Output: Combine images


Input: [AIPS] CPASS [CASA] bandpass [Purpose]

Output: Calibrate bandpasses by polynomial fitting


Input: [AIPS] DBCON [CASA] concat [Purpose]

Output: Concatenate u-v datasets


Input: [AIPS] DEFAULT [CASA] default [Purpose]

Output: Load a task with default parameters


Input: [AIPS] FILLM [CASA] importvla [Purpose]

Output: Import old-format VLA data


Input: [AIPS] FITLD [CASA] importuvfits [Purpose]

Output: Import a u-v dataset which is in FITS format


Input: [AIPS] FITLD [CASA] importfits [Purpose]

Output: Import an image which is in FITS format


Input: [AIPS] FITTP [CASA] exportuvfits [Purpose]

Output: Write a u-v dataset to FITS format


Input: [AIPS] FITTP [CASA] exportfits [Purpose]

Output: Write an image to FITS format


Input: [AIPS] FRING [CASA] --- [Purpose]

Output: Calibrate group delays and phase rates.


Input: [AIPS] GETJY [CASA] fluxscale [Purpose]

Output: Determine flux densities for other cals


Input: [AIPS] GO [CASA] go [Purpose]

Output: Run a task


Input: [AIPS] HELP [CASA] help [Purpose]

Output: Display the help page for a task


Input: [AIPS] IMAGR [CASA] clean [Purpose]

Output: Image and deconvolve


Input: [AIPS] IMFIT [CASA] imfit [Purpose]

Output: Fit gaussian components to an image


Input: [AIPS] IMHEAD [CASA] vishead [Purpose]

Output: View header for u-v data


Input: [AIPS] IMHEAD [CASA] imhead [Purpose]

Output: View header for an image


Input: [AIPS] IMLIN [CASA] imcontsub [Purpose]

Output: Subtract continuum in image plane


Input: [AIPS] IMLOD [CASA] importfits [Purpose]

Output: Import a FITS image


Input: [AIPS] IMSTAT [CASA] imstat [Purpose]

Output: Measure statistics on an image


Input: [AIPS] INP [CASA] inp [Purpose]

Output: View task parameters


Input: [AIPS] JMFIT [CASA] imfit [Purpose]

Output: Fit gaussian components to an image


Input: [AIPS] LISTR [CASA] listobs [Purpose]

Output: Print basic data


Input: [AIPS] MCAT [CASA] ls [Purpose]

Output: List image data files


Input: [AIPS] MOMNT [CASA] immoments [Purpose]

Output: Compute moments from an image


Input: [AIPS] OHGEO [CASA] imregrid [Purpose]

Output: Regrids an image onto another image's geometry


Input: [AIPS] PBCOR [CASA] immath [Purpose]

Output: Correct an image for the primary beam


Input: [AIPS] PCAL [CASA] polcal [Purpose]

Output: Calibrate polarization


Input: [AIPS] POSSM [CASA] plotcal [Purpose]

Output: Plot bandpass calibration tables


Input: [AIPS] POSSM [CASA] plotms [Purpose]

Output: Plot spectra


Input: [AIPS] PRTAN [CASA] listobs [Purpose]

Output: Print antenna locations


Input: [AIPS] PRTAN [CASA] plotants [Purpose]

Output: Plot antenna locations


Input: [AIPS] QUACK [CASA] flagdata [Purpose]

Output: Remove first integrations from scans


Input: [AIPS] RENAME [CASA] mv [Purpose]

Output: Rename an image or dataset


Input: [AIPS] SETJY [CASA] setjy [Purpose]

Output: Set flux densities for flux cals


Input: [AIPS] SMOTH [CASA] imsmooth [Purpose]

Output: Smooth an image


Input: [AIPS] SNPLT [CASA] plotcal [Purpose]

Output: Plot gain calibration tables


Input: [AIPS] SPFLG [CASA] viewer [Purpose]

Output: Flag raster image of time v. channel


Input: [AIPS] SPLIT [CASA] split [Purpose]

Output: Write out u-v files for individual sources


Input: [AIPS] TASK [CASA] inp [Purpose]

Output: Load a task with current parameters


Input: [AIPS] TGET [CASA] tget [Purpose]

Output: Load a task with parameters last used for that task


Input: [AIPS] TVALL [CASA] viewer [Purpose]

Output: Display image


Input: [AIPS] TVFLG [CASA] viewer [Purpose]

Output: Flag raster image of time v. baseline


Input: [AIPS] UCAT [CASA] ls [Purpose]

Output: List u-v data files


Input: [AIPS] UVFIX [CASA] fixvis [Purpose]

Output: Compute u, v, and w coordinates


Input: [AIPS] UVFLG [CASA] flagdata [Purpose]

Output: Flag data


Input: [AIPS] UVLIN [CASA] uvcontsub [Purpose]

Output: Subtract continuum from u-v data


Input: [AIPS] UVLSF [CASA] uvcontsub [Purpose]

Output: Subtract continuum from u-v data


Input: [AIPS] UVPLT [CASA] plotms [Purpose]

Output: Plot u-v data


Input: [AIPS] UVSUB [CASA] uvsub [Purpose]

Output: Subtracts model u-v data from corrected u-v data


Input: [AIPS] WIPER [CASA] plotms [Purpose]

Output: Plot and flag u-v data


Input: [AIPS] ZAP [CASA] rmtables [Purpose]

Output: Delete data files


Input: [0] Interphase [1]

Output: DNA replication as usual in S phase


Input: [0] MEIOSIS I [1]

Output: [Splits the homologues apart]


Input: [0] Prophase I [1]

Output: Homologues synapse (overlap) and exchange DNA - 'crossing over'


Input: [0] Metaphase I [1]

Output: Homologues align in pairs


Input: [0] Anaphase I [1]

Output: Homologues separate; sister chromatids remain attached


Input: [0] Telophase I and cytokinesis [1]

Output: Sister Chromatids relax


Output: NO interphase OR DNA replication here!


Input: [0] MEIOSIS II [1]

Output: [Splits the sister chromatids apart]


Input: [0] Prophase II [1]

Output: Sister chromatids condense


Input: [0] Metaphase II [1]

Output: Sister chromatids align


Input: [0] Anaphase II [1]

Output: Sister chromatids separate


Input: [0] Telophase II and cytokinesis [1]

Output: Chromosomes relax


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Temporary Interruption [Description] Planned or accidental total loss of utility power in a localized area of the community. Seconds to minutes. [Effect]

Output: Equipment shutdown, loss of work and data, file and hard disk and operating system (OS) corruption, loss of fiber optic, T1 and ISDN connections.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Long-Term Interruption [Description] Planned or accidental total loss of utility power in a localized area of the community. Minutes to hours. [Effect]

Output: Equipment shutdown, loss of work and data, file and hard disk and OS corruption, loss of fiber optic, T1 and ISDN connections.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Momentary Interruption [Description] Very short planned or accidental power loss. Milliseconds to seconds. [Effect]

Output: Computer hangs, computer and network equipment reboots or hangs, loss of work and data, file and hard disk and OS corruption.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Sag or Under-Voltage [Description] A decrease in utility voltage Sags -- Milliseconds to a few seconds Under-voltage -- Longer than a few seconds [Effect]

Output: Shrinking display screens, equipment hang or reset, equipment power supply damage, Computer hangs, computer and network equipment reboots or hangs, loss of work and data, file and hard disk and OS corruption.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Swell or Over-Voltage [Description] An increase in Utility voltage Swell -- Milliseconds to a few seconds Over-voltage -- Longer than a few seconds [Effect]

Output: Permanent equipment damage, Computer hangs, computer and network equipment reboots or hangs, loss of work and data, file and hard disk and OS corruption.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Transient, Impulse or Spike [Description] A sudden change in voltage up to several hundred to thousands of volts. Microseconds. [Effect]

Output: Network Errors, Burned or damaged equipment and circuitry, Computer hangs, computer and network equipment reboots or hangs, loss of work and data, file and hard disk and OS corruption.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Notch [Description] A disturbance of opposite polarity from the waveform. Microseconds. [Effect]

Output: Slow LAN due to excessive errors, audible noise in telephone and audio equipment.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Noise [Description] An unwanted electrical signal of high frequency from other equipment Sporadic. [Effect]

Output: Slow LA N due to excessive errors, audible noise in telephone and audio equipment. Equipment hangs.

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Power Quality Problem] Harmonic Distortion [Description] An alteration of the pure sinewave (sinewave distortion), due to nonlinear loads such as computer switching power supplies. [Effect]

Output: Causes motors, transformers and wiring to overheat, lowers operating efficiency of office equipment,

Uniturrptible Power System, UPS System, Microprocessor Controlled UPS, DSP Based UPS, Advanced Hi Response Digital UPS, CH Series UPS, Ahmedabad, India


Input: [Avoid] Dairy [Okay To Eat]

Output: Fruits


Input: [Avoid] Grains [Okay To Eat]

Output: Vegetables


Input: [Avoid] Processed Food & Sugars [Okay To Eat]

Output: Lean Meats


Input: [Avoid] Legumes [Okay To Eat]

Output: Seafood


Input: [Avoid] Starches [Okay To Eat]

Output: Nuts & Seeds


Input: [Avoid] Alcohol [Okay To Eat]

Output: Healthy Fats


Input: [Term] Accession [Definition]

Output: A sample of a plant variety collected from a specific location

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Active growth period [Definition]

Output: The period of time that a particular plant has its most active growth or the main time of growth for a plant.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Aggressive invader [Definition]

Output: A highly competitive species that can take over if the environmental conditions are right.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Agronomic [Definition]

Output: Of or related to the science of soil management and the production of crops.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Alkaline soil [Definition]

Output: Any soil with a pH above 7 on a scale of 1 to 14; the higher the number, the more alkaline the soil.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Alkaline/alkali tolerant [Definition]

Output: The ability to withstand alkaline soils.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Alkalinity [Definition]

Output: The condition of having a pH greater than 7 on a scale of 1 to 14; the higher the number, the greater the alkalinity

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Alluvial slopes [Definition]

Output: Rock, soil and other sediments deposited from erosion that creates a slope.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] American Seed Trade Association [Definition]

Output: A trade organization that focuses on the development of better seed through regulation, technology, and communication. Membership in this organization includes companies that are involved in seed production and distribution, plant breeding, and related industries in North America.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Annual [Definition]

Output: A plant that that completes its entire life cycle from seed through blooming and the development of seed in one year.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] AOSCA [Definition]

Output: Acronym for the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Arctic zone [Definition]

Output: The region north of the Arctic Circle.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Artificial selection [Definition]

Output: Human intervention in plant reproduction to ensure that certain desired characteristics are found in successive generations.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Association of Official Seed Analysts [Definition]

Output: An organization comprised of official federal, state and university seed laboratories and whose primary function is to establish uniform rules for seed testing.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Association of Official Seed Certifying Agenc [Definition]

Output: An organization dedicated to regulating the production, identification, distribution and promotion of certified classes of seed and other crop propagation materials.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] ASTA [Definition]

Output: Acronym for the American Seed Trade Association.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Basal density [Definition]

Output: The area that the base or stem of the plant covers at the surface of the soil.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Basic [Definition]

Output: Any soil with a pH above 7 on a scale of 1 to 14; the higher the number, the more basic the soil.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Beautification [Definition]

Output: As used in the Granite Seed web site, it refers to a project that emphasizes the use of wildflowers in a revegetation project.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Biennial [Definition]

Output: A plant which completes its life cycle in two years. Usually it produces leaves and roots the first year and then blooms and produces seed the second year.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Bloat/nonbloat [Definition]

Output: Bloat is the swelling of the digestive tract or rumen of a grazing animal resulting from excess gas production from eating certain legumes and green forage. Nonbloat referes to plants that do not cause this swelling.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Bracts [Definition]

Output: A leaf-like structure occurring at the base of a flower and are frequently colorful, as in poinsettias or flowering dogwoods.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Breeder Seed [Definition]

Output: The stock seed produced by the breeder of a cultivar and from which foundation seed is produced.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Broadcast seeding [Definition]

Output: A method of seeding that involves scattering seed on the surface of the soil. Contrast to drill seeding whereby seed is placed at a precise spacing and depth.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Browse [Definition]

Output: (noun) Shrubs, trees and herbs eaten by grazing animals. (verb) The act of eating shrubs, trees and/or herbs.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Bulk pound [Definition]

Output: A term used in the seed industry that refers to a pound of seed that does not take into account its purity and germination. A bulk pound is synonymous to a 16 ounce pound. Contrast to a â€˜pure live seed poundâ€™ which takes into account the seedâ€™s purity and germination.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Bunchgrass [Definition]

Output: A grass that grows in clumps or bunches and has no prominent rhizomes or stolons in contrast to grass that forms a mat or turf.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Calcareous soil [Definition]

Output: Soil that is rich in calcium carbonate, usually derived from limestone or other calcium rich parent material.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Caliche soils [Definition]

Output: A kind of soil that was formed from the deposit of crystalline salts, such as sodium chloride or sodium nitrate and form a hard cemented layer of soil.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Calyx [Definition]

Output: Refers to the group of sepals, or leaves, making up the flower.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Certified Seed [Definition]

Output: Seed that is produced, harvested, cleaned and tested under the regulations and supervision of a seed certifying entity such as members of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies. The term is also used when referring to fourth generation seed produced from foundation seed. For more information, see the Certified Seed section in the Technical Guidelines section of the Granite Seed web site.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Chromagen [Definition]

Output: The part of a cell (or organelle) that converts a compound to a pigment.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Climax community [Definition]

Output: A stage in ecological development in which a community of organisms is stable (less likely to change over time) and capable of perpetuating itself.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Clone [Definition]

Output: A group of plants that are genetically identical and have descended from a single common ancestor, such as a grove of aspen trees.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Cold hardy [Definition]

Output: A general definition describing a plant’s ability to withstand temperatures below freezing.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Cold sensitive [Definition]

Output: A plant that is easily damaged from temperatures below freezing.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Competition [Definition]

Output: The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Conspicuous [Definition]

Output: Obvious to the eye.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Cool season [Definition]

Output: A plant that completes most of its growth during the cooler periods of spring and fall. Contrast to warm season plant.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] County Extension Agent [Definition]

Output: A government employee who serves as a consultant and advisor on such subjects as agriculture, education and home economics. Easily found by contacting a college or university.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Cover crop [Definition]

Output: A crop of plants that are planted for temporary purposes such as to provide erosion control and protection to establishing perennials. Cover crops may also be used to improve soil condition by plowing under and incorporating into the soil profile.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Crop [Definition]

Output: A plant that is cultivated for a particular purpose.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Crude protein content [Definition]

Output: An estimation of nutritional protein content of the plant calculated by determining its nitrogen content and multiplying that figure by 6.25. Referred to as ‘crude protein’ because this calculation does not take into account the non-protein nitrogen content of the plant, which is a very minor portion of total protein.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Culm base [Definition]

Output: The base of the stem on a plant.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Cultivar [Definition]

Output: A cultivated plant that is clearly distinguishable from other plants of the same species by one or more traits and when reproduced will retain those traits.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Date tested [Definition]

Output: The most recent date that a seed lot has been tested for total seed viability (germination + dormant or hard seed).

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Deciduous plant [Definition]

Output: A plant that sheds its foliage each year at the end of the growing season. Contrast with evergreen plant which retains its foliage throughout the year.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Densely tufted [Definition]

Output: Refers to a plant’s culms growing in very dense bunches.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Determinate plant [Definition]

Output: A plant whose flowering stem terminates in a flower and blooming in a sequence that begins with the upper most flower. Also see ‘indeterminate plant.’

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Digestibility [Definition]

Output: The degree to which a plant material is able to be broken down and utilized by an animal.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Dioecious [Definition]

Output: A plant species whose male and female organs occur on different plants. Contrast with monoecious.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Diploid [Definition]

Output: An organism with a full set of paired chromosomes, one chromosome from each parental set.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Disease resistant [Definition]

Output: The ability to resist certain diseases. This characteristic is frequently sought after in plant breeding.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Dormant seed [Definition]

Output: The percent of the number of seeds, other than hard seed, that fail to germinate, but are determined to be viable by subjecting them to other seed testing techniques. Dormant seed is generally considered to be seed that will germinate at a later date than seed reported in the % germination calculation.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Drill seeding [Definition]

Output: A method of seeding that uses a seed drill to place seeds at a specific depth and spacing. Contrast with broadcast seeding which involves scattering the seed on the surface of the soil.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Drought hardy [Definition]

Output: A general and relative term used to describe a plant's ability to withstand prolonged periods without water. Synonymous to drought tolerant.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Drought tolerant [Definition]

Output: A general and relative term used to describe a plant's ability to withstand prolonged periods without water. Synonymous to drought hardy.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Dwarf strain [Definition]

Output: A variety of a plant that has been altered to make it shorter than the original plant.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Ecological niche [Definition]

Output: The functional role an organism or population within a community or ecosystem including the resources it uses, how and when it uses the resources and how it interacts with other species and populations.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Ecoregion [Definition]

Output: A geographic area of relative homogeneity characterized by distinct ecological factors such as climate, topography, soils, plants and animals.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Ecosystem [Definition]

Output: A functional unit consisting of the living organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) in a given area, and all the non-living physical and chemical factors of their environment, linked together through nutrient cycling and energy flow. An ecosystem can be of any size-a log, pond, field, forest, or the earth's biosphere-but it always functions as a whole unit

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Ecosystem reconstruction [Definition]

Output: The process of recreating the natural ecosystem in an area that has been disturbed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Ecotype [Definition]

Output: A population within a species which is genetically adapted to a habitat that is different from other habitats in which other populations of the same species is found.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Eligible crop [Definition]

Output: The term used in seed certification referring to crops that have been approved by state, federal or international review boards to enter into the seed certification program

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Endophyte-free [Definition]

Output: Refers to the absence of a group of fungi found in certain grasses and are toxic to grazing animals. Endophytes are especially troublesome in tall fescue. Be sure to plant endophyte free tall fescue if your objective grazing.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Established [Definition]

Output: The state of a plant when it is adjusted to the site and is thriving.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Evergreen [Definition]

Output: A plant that retains its foliage throughout the year. Contrast with deciduous plant which sheds its foliage each year at the end of the growing season.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Fall regrowth [Definition]

Output: The process of responding to conditions conducive to growth in the fall resulting in a return to active growth.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Fibrous root system [Definition]

Output: A root system comprised of many small, sinewy and widely spread roots and lacking a taproot.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Forage [Definition]

Output: (noun) Food for grazing and browsing animals. (verb) The act of obtaining food by grazing and browsing animals.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Forb [Definition]

Output: A herbaceous plant that is not a grass, grass-like or woody. It is a broadleaved herb.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Foundation Seed [Definition]

Output: This is seed that is produced from Breeder seed. Foundation seed is typically second-generation seed. However, in the event there is an inadequate quantity of Breeder seed available for multiplying the variety, the certifying agency can designate seed grown on a foundation field as Foundation seed

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Functional ecosystem [Definition]

Output: An ecosystem that is fully self-perpetuating without requiring management inputs from man to maintain its stability.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Genetically appropriate species: [Definition]

Output: A plant species adapted to site conditions (e.g., has good establishment, vigor, and reproductive capabilities), sufficiently diverse to respond to changing climates and environment conditions, unlikely to cause genetic contamination and undermine local adaptations, community interactions, and function of native species in the ecosystem; unlikely to become invasive and displace other native species, unlikely to be a source of non-native, invasive pathogens; likely to maintain critical connections with pollinators.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Germination [Definition]

Output: Germination is the percent of the number of seeds that, when tested, will develop from the seed embryo the essential structures necessary to produce a normal plant under favorable conditions.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Grass-like [Definition]

Output: A plant that resembles a grass but it is not a true grass. For example, sedges are grass-like plants.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Green manure crop [Definition]

Output: A crop that is grown and then tilled into the soil before it flowers to increase soil fertility and organic material content.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Green up [Definition]

Output: Term used to describe the initial period of plant growth.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Habitat [Definition]

Output: The sum total of all environmental factors in the physical place occupied by an organism, population or community.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Habitat enhancement [Definition]

Output: Any changes made to a habitat that serves to improve its value and ability to meet the requirements of one of more organisms.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Hard seed [Definition]

Output: Hard seed is the percent of the number of seeds that remain hard at the end of the testing period because they have not absorbed water because of an impermeable seed coat. Hard seed is generally considered to be seed that will germinate at a later date than seed reported in the % germination calculation.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Hay [Definition]

Output: Grass and other plants such as alfalfa or clover that are cut and cured for use as animal feed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Heavy soil [Definition]

Output: A fine grained soil that is high in clay and/or silt content.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] High desert [Definition]

Output: Usually refers to desert regions that experience cold winters.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Honey plant [Definition]

Output: Plants from which nectar and pollen are collected by bees in order to make honey.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Hybrid [Definition]

Output: The offspring of genetically dissimilar parents. Hybrids are usually the result of crossing two species with different desirable characteristics for the purpose of creating offspring that would possess more of the desirable characteristics. Hybrids may also be created naturally without man’s influence.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Hybrid cross [Definition]

Output: A plant resulting from the crossbreeding between two different species.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Hybridization [Definition]

Output: The act of creating a hybrid

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Indeterminate [Definition]

Output: A plant whose flowering stem continues to grow and bear new flowers throughout it’s flowering period thereby resulting in flowers in all stages of development (from flower initiation to seed set) occurring on the same plant. The flowering sequence begins on the lower most flowers. Also see the definition for ‘determinate plant.’

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Inert [Definition]

Output: The percent weight of the sample that is not viable seed. It can include plant parts, broken seeds or other materials that are not viable seeds.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Inflorescence [Definition]

Output: A cluster of flowers segregated from other flowers on the same plant.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Introduced plant [Definition]

Output: A plant species that was not originally part of the plant community in which it is found

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Invasive plant [Definition]

Output: A non-native plant that is likely to cause environmental harm or harm to human health.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Irrigated pasture [Definition]

Output: Pasture that has a current supply of supplemental water.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Land reclamation [Definition]

Output: The creation of an ecosystem that is substantially different ecologically from the endemic ecosystem, yet is compatible with existing land-use practices, such as grazing, recreation, or supplemental irrigation.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Land rehabilitation [Definition]

Output: The establishment of an ecosystem that is ecologically reminiscent of, but not representative of, the pre-disturbance ecosystem, including native and/or introduced species that are similar in ecological structure and function to species native to the site.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Land restoration [Definition]

Output: The re-creation of conditions that would allow the ecosystem to return to the characteristics that are ecologically representative of those prior to the land disturbance.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Land revegetation [Definition]

Output: As used in the Granite Seed Project Planner, land revegetation encompasses 'land restoration' (the re-creation of conditions that would allow the ecosystem to return to the characteristics that are ecologically representative of those prior to the land disturbance), and 'land rehabilitation' (the establishment of an ecosystem that is ecologically reminiscent of, but not representative of, the pre-disturbance ecosystem, including native and/or introduced species that are similar in ecological structure and function to species native to the site).

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Leaf spot [Definition]

Output: Round shaped blemish occurring on the leaves of some plants that are caused by parasitic fungi or bacteria.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Legume [Definition]

Output: Any plant belonging to the legume (Leguminosae, formerly named Fabaceae) family. This family is also known as the pea family. Legumes have special interest to revegetation specialists because they fix nitrogen into the soil thereby reducing the need for adding fertilizers.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Leguminous [Definition]

Output: Of or characteristic of the legume family.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Limestone soil [Definition]

Output: Soil that has formed from limestone and as a result has a high soil pH.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Local native plant material [Definition]

Output: Plant material that is the same species as plant material naturally occurring at the site and whose origin is from the region where it is being planted. It may be wildland-harvested, pre-varietal, or variety/cultivar plant material as long as the first generation of plant material came from the region where it is being planted.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Mass plantings [Definition]

Output: Planting one or more species close together. Often done to reduce maintenance or obtain a visually dramatic effect.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Mesic [Definition]

Output: A site that has a moderate or well balanced supply of moisture.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Mine spoil [Definition]

Output: A mixture of rocks, rock fragments, soil and other natural materials that result from surface mining operations.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Monoecious [Definition]

Output: A plant species whose male and female parts are found on the same plant but on different flowers. Contrast with dioecious.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] National Certified Variety Review Board: [Definition]

Output: A divison of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA) that review applications for entering varieties into the certified seed program.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Native plant [Definition]

Output: A plant species naturally found in the particular area in question.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Naturalized species [Definition]

Output: An introduced species that can consistently reproduce and sustain populations over successive generations without human intervention, and can coexist with other members of the ecosystem without becoming invasive.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Non-local native plant material: [Definition]

Output: Plant material that is the same species as that occurring at the site but that does not originate from the region targeted for use

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Nonbloat [Definition]

Output: Bloat is the swelling of the digestive tract or rumen of a grazing animal resulting from excess gas production from eating certain legumes and green forage. Nonbloat referes to plants that do not cause this swelling.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Noxious weeds [Definition]

Output: Those plant species designated as noxious weeds by the Secretary of Agriculture or by the responsible state representative. Noxious weeds generally possess one or more of the following characteristics: aggressive and dificult to manage, poisonous, toxic, parasitic, a carrier or host of seriously destructive diseases or insects,

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Nurse crop [Definition]

Output: Annuals or short-term perennials established as a companion crop to provide rapid soil stabilization to assist in the establishment of a more permanent plant community.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Ornamental [Definition]

Output: A plant grown for its beauty and esthetic value.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Overseeding [Definition]

Output: Sowing seeds in an area, where other plants are already growing, to promote new growth or fill gaps in the existing vegetation.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Pasture [Definition]

Output: Land that is used for livestock grazing that is managed to provide feed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Pasture improvement: [Definition]

Output: Managing pasture to increase feed value for grazing aniimals while maintaining or improving soil, water and vegetative resources.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Perennial [Definition]

Output: Herbaceous or woody plant species that lives a few years (short-lived perennial) or longer. It could be an evergreen species or one that goes dormant each year. Dormant perennials renew themselves from underground rootstocks.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] pH [Definition]

Output: A classification system used for describing acid and basic materials. The system is a scale from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral. Measurements below 7 indicate increasing acidity and numbers greater than 7 indicate increasing alkalinity (basic conditions).

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Pioneer species [Definition]

Output: In successional theory they are the species that are the first to naturally colonize a previously unoccupied habitat.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Plant variety [Definition]

Output: Taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in traits that are identifiable and heritable.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Plant Variety Protection Act [Definition]

Output: Provides those who develop a new variety with patent-like rights that protect the reproduction and use of the variety.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Plant Variety Protection Office [Definition]

Output: A division of the USDA, located in Beltsville,MD and responsible for administering the Plant Variety Protection Act.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] PLS [Definition]

Output: The acronym for pure live seed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Pre-varietal plant material [Definition]

Output: Plant material that exhibits characteristics of a variety but has not been definitively proven to have traits that can be inherited by subsequent generations. It is usually material that is undergoing testing and awaiting conclusions. It may be field produced or harvested from natural stands. Synonymous to Selected Class

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Primary succession [Definition]

Output: The establishment of plants on land that has not been previously vegetated, such as land that has been created from a volcanic eruption.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Prohibited noxious weeds [Definition]

Output: Weeds that the USDA or state agencies have designated as prohibited from sale. Seeds that are designated as Prohibited must be completely absent from seed lots that are to be used in the prohibited area. See the State Noxious Weed Seed list located on this site under Technical Guidelines, Seed Labeling.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Pure-live-seed [Definition]

Output: Abreviated (PLS, is a measure used by the seed industry to describe the percentage of a quantity of seed that will germinate. PLS is obtained by multiplying the purity percentage by the percentage of total viable seed, then dividing by 100.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Purity [Definition]

Output: The percent weight of the entire sample of each seed species or variety that is present in excess of 5% of the total.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] PVP [Definition]

Output: Synonym for Plant Variety Protection.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Raceme [Definition]

Output: A long inflorescence with individual flowers borne on short, unbranched side stalks off a larger central stalk.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Range improvement [Definition]

Output: Any practice designed to improve rangeland condition or facilitate more efficient utilization of the range.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Rangeland [Definition]

Output: Land on which the historic climax plant community is predominantly grasses, grass like plants, forbs, or shrubs. Includes lands revegetated naturally or artificially when routine management of that vegetation is accomplished mainly through manipulation of grazing. Rangelands include natural grasslands, savannas, shrub lands, most deserts, tundra, alpine communities, coastal marshes, and wet meadows.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Rangeland improvement [Definition]

Output: Any practice designed to improve rangeland condition or facilitate more efficient utilization of the range.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Registered seed [Definition]

Output: Seed that has been produced from Foundation Seed. It is typically third generation seed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Released plant material [Definition]

Output: Plant material that has been made available to the public after approval by officials in the public or private sectors. It may be either a variety/cultivar or a pre-variety germplasm; be either local native, non-local native, or introduced in origin; originate from either a single location or multiple locations; and be developed using the plant breeding techniques of hybridization and artificial selection for certain performance characteristics ("genetically manipulated")or without such techniques ("natural").

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Restricted noxious weeds [Definition]

Output: A weed that has been identified by state regulators as a threat to the environment if it occurs in relatively dense stands. Seeds from restricted noxious weeds are permitted to be sold, but only in small quantities. For the number of seeds of restricted weeds that are permitted in seed lots see the State Noxious Weed Seed List in the Seed Labeling section of the Technical Guidelines section of this website.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Rhizomatous [Definition]

Output: Bearing rhizomes.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Rhizomes [Definition]

Output: Horizontally growing stems, usually underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Riparian [Definition]

Output: An area of land adjacent to a stream, river, lake or wetland that contains vegetation that, due to the presence of water, is distinctly different from the vegetation of adjacent upland areas.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Rust [Definition]

Output: Generic term for various plant diseases, especially those caused by a group of parasitic fungi that attack the leaves and stems of plants.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Saline soil [Definition]

Output: Soil on which plant growth is usually dominated by salt tolerant plants, or void of any vegetation, and which, because of its high salt concentration, is problematic for agriculture.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Salt tolerant plant [Definition]

Output: Plant that thrives in saline soils.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Secondary succession [Definition]

Output: Plant establishment into a recently disturbed habitat that was previously vegetated. See succession and primary succession.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Sedge [Definition]

Output: Grass-like plants of the Cyperaceae family, often found on wet ground or in water, usually with triangular, solid stems, three rows of narrow, pointed leaves and minute flowers borne in spikelets.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Seed dormancy [Definition]

Output: The inability of a healthy seed to germinate under favorable conditions unless strategies are used by natural or artificial means to break the dormancy.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Seed stratification [Definition]

Output: A method of pre-treating seeds to simulate natural conditions that a seed must endure before germination to allow the seed to overcome seed dormancy.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Seed tag [Definition]

Output: A legal document describing the contents of a seed lot and the party responsible for providing this information.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Seed test [Definition]

Output: A document describing the contents of a seed sample. Information includes species name, variety, percent seed purity, which includes pure seed of tested species, other crop seed, weed seed and inert material percentages. Also included is the seed viability (percent germination, dormant and hard seed) and the names of any weed or crop seeds.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Seed yield [Definition]

Output: The quantity of harvestable seed produced.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Seedling vigor [Definition]

Output: Those seedling properties which determine the potential for the plant to continue its growth toward maturation under a wide range of field conditions.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Selected class seed [Definition]

Output: Plant material that exhibits characteristics of a variety but has not been definitively proven to have traits that can be inherited by subsequent generations. It is usually material that is undergoing testing and awaiting conclusions. It may be field produced or harvested from natural stands

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Seral stage [Definition]

Output: The term used for each successional stage of an ecosystem from a disturbed unvegetated states to a climax plant community.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Shade tolerance [Definition]

Output: The ability of a plant to tolerate slightly to fully shaded areas. Tolerance varies greatly by species.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Sheaths [Definition]

Output: The base of a grass leaf that surrounds the stem.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Shrub [Definition]

Output: A woody perennial plant that is generally less than 10 feet tall and has several woody stems, none of which is dominant (unlike a tree that has a single stem). Under certain conditions some forbs become shrubs and some shrubs become trees.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Silage [Definition]

Output: Livestock feed that is typically stored for later use and is prepared by fermenting.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Site adapted seed [Definition]

Output: Seed from plants that originate from similar ecological conditions to those found at the site where they are being planted.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Society of Commercial Seed Technologists: [Definition]

Output: An organization that trains and provides accreditation of seed technologists, conducts research and proposes rule changes, and serves as an important resource to the seed industry.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Sod-former [Definition]

Output: A plant that covers the surface of the soil and is held together by a dense network of roots.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Sodic soil [Definition]

Output: A soil that has high sodium content

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Soil erosion [Definition]

Output: The processes by which soil is removed from one place by forces such as wind, water, waves, glaciers, and construction activity and eventually deposited at some new place.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Soil stabilization [Definition]

Output: Biological, chemical or mechanical treatment designed to improve or maintain the engineering properties of a mass of land.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Soil texture [Definition]

Output: A characteristic of soil that is determined by the amount of sand, silt, and clay in a particular soil. General texture designations include medium, fine (clayey), and coarse (sandy).

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Source identified seed [Definition]

Output: Seed that has been harvested from natural stands or grown in field production, but has not been tested for its traits. It is produced under the auspices of the state and if it meets the requirements it is labeled as Source Identified Seed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Stand density [Definition]

Output: The number of individuals in a given area.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Sterile [Definition]

Output: Unable to produce viable seed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Stolon [Definition]

Output: A horizontal stem which grows along the surface of the soil and which propogates vegetatively by forming new shoots and roots at its nodes.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Stoloniferous [Definition]

Output: A plant whose stem grows along the surface of the soil and propogates vegetatively by forming new shoots and roots at its nodes.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Strain [Definition]

Output: A group of individuals of the same species that have distinctive characteristics but that are not usually considered a different variety.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Subalpine zone [Definition]

Output: The area between the continuously forested montane zone and the high elevation alpine zone. It is characterized by a mixture of alpine and forest shrubs and herbs interspersed with patches of trees.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Substandard certified seed [Definition]

Output: Seed that has gone through the certification process but has failed the minimum mechanical purity and germination requirements may be tagged as Substandard certified seed. Doing so is completely up to the state certifying agency and is considered on a lot-by-lot basis.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Succession [Definition]

Output: Succession is a directional non-seasonal cumulative change in the types of plant species that occupy a given area through time.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Succulent [Definition]

Output: A plant that has a specialized fleshy tissue in roots, stems, or leaves for the conservation of water. Most succulents are plants preferring dry climates, such as cactus or aloe, but some are found in wetter climates adapted for living in salty soils where water retention is a problem.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Taproot [Definition]

Output: The main, vertically extending root of a plant from which lateral roots grow. See fibrous root system.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Taxonomy, plant [Definition]

Output: The classification of plants into an ordered system that indicates natural relationships.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Temperate zone [Definition]

Output: The area or region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle (in the northern hemisphere), or between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle (in the southern hemisphere).

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Temporary soil stabilization [Definition]

Output: The temporary binding or coating the soil with seed and/or erosion control products to protect the site from the erosive forces of wind and water. Temporary soil stabilization is used to reduce soil runoff from a disturbed site until a more permanent solution can be implemented.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Tetraploid [Definition]

Output: Having four sets of chromosones; usually designated as 4X or 4N,

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Tiller [Definition]

Output: A shoot of a plant, springing from the root or bottom of the original stalk.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Total viability [Definition]

Output: Takes into account the seed germination, dormancy and hard components.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Total viable seed percentage [Definition]

Output: The sum of percent germination, percent dormant and/or percent hard seed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Tree [Definition]

Output: Woody perennial with a distinct central trunk.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Turfgrass [Definition]

Output: Grass that is used for the purpose of establishing a lawn.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Underground stems [Definition]

Output: Stems that run under the ground allowing a plant to spread. These can also be called stolons.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Understory plant [Definition]

Output: Plants that grow beneath the canopy of other plants. For example, grasses, forbs, and shrubs growing under a tree are understory plants.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Upland birds [Definition]

Output: Nonmigratory birds found on terrestrial habitats such as quail, pheasant, grouse, wild turkeys, etc.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Variety [Definition]

Output: See plant variety.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Viable seed [Definition]

Output: Seed that is able to germinate under favorable conditions. Viable seed includes seed that is dormant. See definition for total viable seed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Warm season plant [Definition]

Output: A plant that completes most of its growth during the warmer times of the year (summer).

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Water table [Definition]

Output: The level below which the ground is completely saturated with water.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Weed [Definition]

Output: A plant out of place or growing where it is unwanted.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Weed seed percentage [Definition]

Output: Percentage, by weight, of seed that is weed seed.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Wetland [Definition]

Output: An area that is regularly saturated by surface water or groundwater and is characterized by a prevalence of vegetation that is adapted for life in saturated soil conditions (eg, swamps, bogs, fens, marshes, and estuaries).

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Wildflower [Definition]

Output: A flowering plant found growing in a natural and uncultivated state.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Wildland harvested [Definition]

Output: Seed or plant material that was harvested from a native or introduced plant community on uncultivated land.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Winter browse plant [Definition]

Output: Plant used by wildlife and livestock in the winter as a source of browse.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Winter hardy [Definition]

Output: The ability to survive winter weather in a particular region.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Term] Xeric [Definition]

Output: Of, characterized by, or adapted to an extremely dry environment.

Glossary | Granite Seed and Erosion Control


Input: [Resource] 21LBT [Details]

Output: Product Data Sheets 15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow with Test Point

15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow | Richards Manufacturing


Input: [Resource] 21LBN [Details]

Output: Product Data Sheets 15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow

15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow | Richards Manufacturing


Input: [Resource] 21LBI [Details]

Output: Product Data Sheets 15kV 200A Loadbreak Bushing Insert

15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow | Richards Manufacturing


Input: [Resource] P2ALCU [Details]

Output: Product Data Sheets 200A Bi-Metal Lug

15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow | Richards Manufacturing


Input: [Resource] P2CU [Details]

Output: Product Data Sheets 200A Copper Lug

15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow | Richards Manufacturing


Input: [Resource] Medium Voltage Catalog [Details]

Output: Catalogs Download a copy of our Medium Voltage Product Catalog for technical details and ordering information. If you don't find what you are looking for, don't hesitate to contact our team at the factory.

15kV 200A Loadbreak Elbow | Richards Manufacturing


Input: [0] Feature [1] Digital Camera [3] Winner? [2]

Output: Film Camera


Input: [0] Resolution [1] Resolution varies between 1 megapixel and about 10 megapixels. [3] Traditional and digital capabilities are converging, with many results comparable. [2]

Output: Depends only on quality of the lens and film grain size.


Input: [0] Ability to review pictures on the scene [1] Pictures are instantly available for review. [3] Digital Camera, unless you consider a low resolution Polaroid instant camera. [2]

Output: Must wait for processing, even if only one hour.


Input: [0] Ability to touch up pictures [1] Pictures are easily touched up, cropped, and otherwise modified. [3] Digital pictures are readily modified without any preprocessing. [2]

Output: Must either have a darkroom or use a professional service. Alternately, have to scan in the photo to modify.


Input: [0] Price [1] Camera price is significantly higher than for a traditional film camera. [3] Digital cameras have lower operating costs, as storage media is reusable. [2]

Output: Moderately priced to very expensive, but less costly initially.


Input: [0] Convenience of mailing pictures while on the road [1] Pictures can be e-mailed from the road, while on a trip. [3] Definite advantage to a digital camera. [2]

Output: Photos need to be processed, then snail-mailed. You might get home before the pictures.


Input: [0] Ability to take action photos [1] Depending on the camera, recycle time between shots can be very slow. So can capture time. [3] Definite advantage to film cameras at present - with the exception of digital SLRs - but some better digital cameras can take 3 to 5 shot bursts. [2]

Output: Most good film cameras can take pictures as fast as you can advance the film.


Input: [0] Development [1] Your pictures are ready to use without waiting to finish the roll. [3] Digital Camera, unless you like finally seeing last Christmas’ pictures this Christmas. [2]

Output: Pictures often stay in the camera until the roll is used up.


Input: Router Setup [Search via Unique ID] Auto

Output: Need Setup

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Multiple Cameras using Router [Search via Unique ID] Auto

Output: Setup DDNS and Router for each Camera

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Maximum Cameras Viewed on a Screen [Search via Unique ID] 16

Output: Varies

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Arm/ Disarm by Schedule [Search via Unique ID] Daily or Weekly (Optional Accessory Package Needed)

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Arm/ Disarm by Key Flop [Search via Unique ID] Daily or Weekly (Optional Accessory Package Needed)

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Trigger-in from Sensors [Search via Unique ID] Wired or Wireless (Optional Accessory Package Needed)

Output: Wires

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Maximum Trigger-in IO per Camera [Search via Unique ID] 4 by RF, 1 by wire (Optional Accessory Package Needed)

Output: Varies

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Control AC Appliance through Camera Remotely [Search via Unique ID] Yes (Optional Accessory Package Needed)

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Recording upon Triggered or Scheduled [Search via Unique ID] To local PC or Remote PC with Fixed IP

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: Mounting Method [Search via Unique ID] Desktop, Ceiling and Wall Mounts

Output: Varies

IP Camera , Network Camera , surveillance Camera , Modem Camera -- Plug-n-Play IP cameras

Apply for Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)


Input: [Insecticide] Oils [Class] Mostly petroleum based [Uses]

Output: Often referred to as horticulture oils or dormant oils. Oils have been used for >100 years to control scales and other pests of fruit trees. Applied as a dormant application it should be used at a 3% solution. Some highly refined or light weight formulations can be used after bloom, but should only be used at a 1% solution. Do not use in combination with or at least 10 days before or after a fungicide that contains sulfur or captan is applied, or severe leaf burn will occur.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Carbaryl [Class] Carbamate [Uses]

Output: An old insecticide that controls a broad spectrum of pests, but is not effective against aphids or scales, and can flare mite populations. Also acts as a fruit thinning agent when applied to apples within about 2 weeks after bloom

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Malathion [Class] Organophospate [Uses]

Output: Another old insecticide that also has broad spectrum activity. Effective against insects with sucking mouthparts such as aphids.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Spinosad [Class] Spinosins [Uses]

Output: A fermentation product of a soil-dwelling organism. It is effective against thrips and leafminers, and leafrollers. Certain formulations are approved for organic use.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Azadirachtin (Neem) [Class] Botanical [Uses]

Output: Extracted from the seed of the neem tree, formulations of this are approved for organic use. It is most effective against insects with sucking mouthparts such as aphids and leafhoppers, but also has some activity against plum curculio.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Insecticidal soap [Class] Potassium salts of fatty acids [Uses]

Output: Insecticidal soap can help control soft bodied insects such as aphids and mites, but it has no residual activity.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Acetamiprid [Class] Neonicotinoids [Uses]

Output: This relatively new insecticide has broad spectrum activity and provides good control of many major pests, including aphids, beetles, and oriental fruit moth. It can also flare mite populations.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Pyrethrin [Class] Botanical [Uses]

Output: This botanical insecticide has rapid knockdown activity against many pests, but insects often recover. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is often mixed with pyrethrin to act as a synergist. It has very short residual activity, which limits its effectiveness.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Insecticide] Permethrin Cyhalothrin Bifenthrin [Class] Pyrethroids [Uses]

Output: These three different pyrethroid insecticides are synthetic analogs of pyrethrins, but they have enhanced activity and much longer residual activity. They provide excellent control of many key pests, but they can also flare mite populations.

The North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic | Disease and Insect Management in the Home Orchard


Input: [Term] 12g [Definition]

Output: 12 gram CO2 "powerlets" used for many years in pellet rifles. Powered the early paintball guns.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] APG [Definition]

Output: Action Pursuit Games--a paintball magazine

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Anti-Siphon [Definition]

Output: A special bulk CO2 tank designed to prevent the gun from sucking liquid.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Barrel Plug [Definition]

Output: A plug that goes in the business end of the marker's muzzle. It prevents projectiles from accidentally leaving the gun.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Bottom Line [Definition]

Output: Usually refers to the local of the CO2 tank on the bottom rear portion of the marker's pistol grip. Desired since it makes siting the gun with a mask on much easier.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Bunker (noun) [Definition]

Output: An object or embankment on the field that a player uses for cover.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Bunker (verb) [Definition]

Output: To charge a bunker and eliminate, a close range, any players hiding behind it.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] CA [Definition]

Output: Constant Air--allows marker to use bulk CO2 tanks rather than 12 gram.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Chronograph [Definition]

Output: A device used to measure the velocity (speed) of a paintball coming out of a barrel. The safe maximum speed of a paintball is 300 feet per second.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] CO2 [Definition]

Output: Carbon Dioxide--compressed gas used to power markers.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Feeder [Definition]

Output: A larger "hopper" which holds paintball pellets, feeding them into the gun through its bottom.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Feeder Agitator [Definition]

Output: An electronic device which is located at the base of the feeder. The agitator insures that balls feed through the bottom of the feeder and do not "clog" up. Often used on very smooth firing guns like the AutoMag or AutoCocker since these guns "shake" very little. Can also obsolete a Power Feeder since it insures that a pellet will always be available to the gun.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] FPS [Definition]

Output: Feet per second. The measurement of speed at which the paintball travels. 300 fps is the maximum velocity a paintball may travel safely.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Harness or Fanny Pack [Definition]

Output: Belt/harness system for carrying loaders of paint so that a player may reload their feeder/hopper on the field during play.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] HPA or Compressed Air [Definition]

Output: High pressure compressed air (3000 to 4500 psi) is usually used instead of CO2 in tournament paintball. The use of HPA requires specialized high pressure tanks and regulators which lower the output pressure to what the paintguns can handle.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] IPPA [Definition]

Output: International Paintball Players Association Although this organization has disbanded.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] KotL [Definition]

Output: The Keeper of the List. See the

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] PSI [Definition]

Output: PSI stands for Pounds Per Square Inch and is a measurement of pressure.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Remote [Definition]

Output: Hoses and fittings which allow the bulk CO2 tank to be detached from the manufacture's intended location on the gun, then located elsewhere (e.g. on the player's hip).

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Siphon Bottle [Definition]

Output: A special CO2 talk designed to suck liquid into the gun.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Speedball [Definition]

Output: Speedball is a game played on small fields with little natural cover. Bunkers usually consist of wooden pallets, tires or other man-made barricades. Speedball fields are designed to allow spectators to see the action. The first speedball field was set up at SC Village in Corona, CA.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Squeegie [Definition]

Output: A device used to clean paint from the barrel of a marker

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Squid [Definition]

Output: A new player, also known as a newbie, not a positive term.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] Squid Basher [Definition]

Output: A semi-experienced player who plays very agressively against new players to the point of ruining their first game.

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: [Term] TIP# [Definition]

Output: Team Internet Paintball number. See Team Internet in the

WARPIG's Beginner's Frequently Asked Questions


Input: Barley believed to be the oldest cultivated grain. Most common form is husked, steamed and then polished to give it its pretty ivory-coloured appearance. Comes in pearled, hulled or flaked. Pearled barley is great in soups, stews, salads, and used in stuffing vegetables or poultry

Output: Nutty flavor with chewy texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: *** Buckwheat also known as kasha is the edible seed of a plant related to rhubarb Used to make crepes, blinis, soba noodles. Can be used to make porridge or a creamy pudding. Great in salads and mixed with other grains to make pilaf.

Output: Nutty, earthy flavor

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Bulgur Wheat also made from wheat berries when berries are cooked, the bran is removed and they are dried and crushed and available in find, medium and coarse grinds Salads, pilafs, stuffings. Principle ingredient to make tabouleh

Output: Similar to cracked wheat but processed further. Nutty, earthy in flavor with soft yet chewy texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Corn (maize) family includes Cornmeal, Grits, Hominy, Polenta & Popcorn (see separately)ground from white or yellow corn and available in coarse, medium or fine grinds Steamed, salads, crab cakes, soups

Output: Sweet, earthy and excellent with salt and fresh butter

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Cornmeal ground from white or yellow corn and available in fine, medium and coarse grinds Breads, biscuits, add crunch to dough, polenta

Output: Firm and chewy in texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Cracked Wheat made from crushed wheat berries while retaining all the nutrients of whole wheat Salads, pilafs, stuffings

Output: Similar to bulgur but left as whole as a wheat.

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Farro is an unhybridized grain of the wheat family Salads, soups

Output: A wheat grain similar to spelt, but Farro needs to be soaked, yielding a firm, chewy texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Kamut an ancient relative of wheat, has long, slender, brown kernels. Available in grains or flakes.

Output: Has a deliciously creamy, nutty flavor when cooked

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: *** Millet a highly nutritious grain was the main rival with barley Works well with spicy stews, curries, and pilafs

Output: Mild flavor

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Polenta a classic Italian cornmeal comes in various grades from fine to coarse

Output: See cornmeal

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: *** Quinoa a grain from the past now hailed as the super grain of the future Great in stuffings, pilafs, baked dishes and breakfast cereals

Output: Delicate & nutty in flavor, with cloudy-light texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Rice including brown, black, purple and Wehani red rice

Output: Chewy, nutty and dense texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Spelt is one of the most ancient cultivated wheats Breads, crackers, addition to soups

Output: Similar to farro, but does not require soaking and in contrast, yields a soft, mushy texture.

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: *** Teff can be enjoyed raw as well as cooked Sprinkle it on salads or over cooked cereals to increase fiber and nutrition

Output: Sweet and malty flavor

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Triticale is a hybrid of wheat and rye created by Swedish researchers in 1875

Output: Has a sweet, nutty taste and chewy texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: Wheat Berries or Grano are whole wheat grains with the husks removed

Output: Very nutty flavor

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: *** Wild rices including giant Canadian wild rice and red camargue rice Pilafs, soups, stuffings

Output: Chewy, nutty and dense texture

Strong, distinctive peppery flavor with sticky texture


Input: [Substance/s] Benzodiazepines [Scheduling proposal]

Output: Proposal to reschedule benzodiazepines from Schedule 4 to Schedule 8.

Invitation for public comment - ACMS and ACCS meetings, March 2013 | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)

1. Proposed amendments referred by the delegate for scheduling advice for consideration by the Advisory Committee on Medicines Scheduling (ACMS)


Input: [Substance/s] Diclofenac [Scheduling proposal]

Output: Proposal to exempt from scheduling for diclofenac when presented as a 140 mg or less diclofenac transdermal drug delivery system.

Invitation for public comment - ACMS and ACCS meetings, March 2013 | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)


Input: [Substance/s] Hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate [Scheduling proposal]

Output: Proposal to reschedule preparations containing 1 per cent or less hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate when combined with antifungal substances for dermal use from Schedule 3 to Schedule 2.

Invitation for public comment - ACMS and ACCS meetings, March 2013 | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)


Input: [Substance/s] Nabiximols [Scheduling proposal]

Output: Proposal to reschedule nabiximols from Paragraph 3 of the Appendix D to Paragraph 1 of the Appendix D.

Invitation for public comment - ACMS and ACCS meetings, March 2013 | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)


Input: [Substance/s] Oseltamivir [Scheduling proposal]

Output: Proposal to reschedule oseltamivir for the treatment and prevention of influenza type A and type B from Schedule 4 to Schedule 3.

Invitation for public comment - ACMS and ACCS meetings, March 2013 | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)


Input: [Substance/s] Lisdexamfetamine [Scheduling proposal]

Output: Proposal to include lisdexamfetamine in Schedule 8.

Invitation for public comment - ACMS and ACCS meetings, March 2013 | Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Modified Citrus Pectin 5-15 grams per day on an empty stomach (1-2 hours from other supplements and food) [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Supports cellular health Supports prostate health Promotes immunity Removes heavy metals

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Medicinal mushrooms 4-12 grams per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Immune support Cellular health support Detoxification/liver support

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Curcumin (tumeric root extract 95% curcuminoids) 1,500-4,500 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Cellulare health support Hormonal modulation Antioxidant Detoxification/liver support

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Chinese herbs Varies [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Cellular health support Antioxidant Multiple properties

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Saw palmetto berry extract 100-600 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Cellular health support Hormonal Modulation

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Lycopene 10-30 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Cellular health support Antioxidant

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Selenium 200-3,600 mcg per day (depending on length of use) [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Cytotoxic/anti-tumor Antioxidant

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Stinging nettles root 150-400 mg extract per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Immune support Hormonal modulation

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Soy Isoflavones 100-1,000 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Cellular health support Hormonal modulation

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] DIM (Diindolylmethane) 50-300 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Hormonal modulation Cellular health support Detoxificaiton

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Garlic Varies [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Supports immunity Supports detoxification

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Green tea extract 50-500 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Antioxidant Hormonal modulation

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Vitamin D-3 1,000-6,000 IU per day (Monitor kidney function with high doses) [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Promotes cell differentiation

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Zinc 30-50 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Antioxidant Hormonal modulation Supports cellular health

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Vitamin E 400-1,200 IU per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Antioxidant Supports cellular health

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Vitamin C 1,000-6,000 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Supports immunity Antioxidant Supports detoxification

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Quercetin 250-2,000 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Antioxidant Supports cellular health Reduces drug resistance

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Resveratrol from red grape extract (Vitus vinifera) or Polypognum cuspidatum root extract 20-200 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Supports cellular health Antioxidant

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Broccoli extract 22:1 50-200 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Antioxidant Supports cellular health

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Alpha lipoic acid 100-500 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Antioxidant Supports cellular health

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness


Input: [Nutrient or Herb] Pomegranate seed extract 100-500 mg per day [Highlighted Properties]

Output: Antioxidant Supports prostate health

Prostate Health Formula | DrEliaz.org, Your Guide to Wellness