1. Introduction  
2. Spurious Correlations  
2.1. Where do Spurious Correlations Come from?  
2.2. Why are Machine Learning Models Sensitive to Spurious Correlations?  
2.3. Related Areas  
3. Methods  
4. Datasets and Metrics  
5. Discussion  
5.1. Summary  
5.2. Future Research Challenges  
5.3. How will Foundation Models Affect this Area?  
6. Conclusion