1 Introduction  
2 Fundamentals  
2.1 Classification of Information Diffusion Tasks  
2.2 Attributes  
3 Information Diffusion Prediction  
3.1 Macroscopic Information Diffusion Prediction  
3.2 Microscopic Information Diffusion Prediction  
4 Social Bot Detection  
5 Misinformation Detection  
6 Discussions  
7 Conclusion