I. INTRODUCTION
A. Internal Consistency Mining
B. Self-Feedback to Promote Internal Consistency
C. Related Surveys
D. Structure of Our Work
E. Out-of-scope Topics

II. INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
A. Formulation
B. The Hourglass Evolution of Internal Consistency
C. Status Quo of LLM Consistency
D. Sources of Low Internal Consistency
E. How to Understand Internal Consistency?

III. SELF-FEEDBACK FRAMEWORK
A. Formulation
B. Taxonomy

IV. TASK: CONSISTENCY SIGNAL ACQUISITION
A. Uncertainty Estimation
B. Confidence Estimation
C. Hallucination Detection
D. Verbal Critiquing
E. Contrastive Optimization
F. External Feedback

V. TASK: REASONING ELEVATION
A. Reasoning Topologically
B. Refining with Responses
C. Multi-Agent Collaboration

VI. TASK: HALLUCINATION ALLEVIATION
A. Refining the Response Iteratively
B. Mitigating Hallucination while Generating
C. Decoding Truthfully
D. Activating Truthfulness

VII. TASK: OTHERS
A. Preference Learning
B. LLM-Based Knowledge Distillation
C. Data Augmentation

VIII. EVALUATION
A. Meta Evaluation
B. Common Evaluation

IX. DOES SELF-FEEDBACK REALLY WORK?
A. Conflicting Viewpoints
B. Does Internal Consistency Mean Correctness?
C. Appeals

X. FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CHALLENGES
A. Textual Self-Awareness
B. The Reasoning Paradox
C. Dive Deeper
D. The Unified Perspective
E. The Comprehensive Evaluation

XI. CONCLUSION