1 INTRODUCTION  
2 PROBLEM DEFINITION, EVALUATION, DATASETS, AND TAXONOMY  
2.1 Types of Information Items/Cascades  
2.2 Problem Definitions  
2.3 Evaluation Metrics and Datasets  
3 CHARACTERISTICS OF CASCADES AND FEATURE ENGINEERING APPROACHES  
4 GENERATIVE MODELS  
5 DEEP LEARNING MODELS  
6 OPEN CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES  
7 CONCLUSION