1 INTRODUCTION  
1.1 What is Fake News?  
1.2 Fundamental Theories  
1.3 An Overview of this Survey  

2 KNOWLEDGE-BASED FAKE NEWS DETECTION  
2.1 Manual Fact-checking  
2.2 Automatic Fact-checking  

3 STYLE-BASED FAKE NEWS DETECTION  
3.1 Style Representation  
3.2 Style Classification  

4 PROPAGATION-BASED FAKE NEWS DETECTION  
4.1 Fake News Detection using News Cascades  
4.2 Fake News Detection using Self-defined Propagation Graphs  

5 SOURCE-BASED FAKE NEWS DETECTION  
5.1 Assessing Source Credibility based on News Authors and Publishers  
5.2 Assessing Source Credibility based on Social Media Users  

6 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE WORK  

7 CONCLUSION