I. Introduction  
A. Basic VN Concepts  
B. Characteristics of VNs  

III. Overview of Game Theory  
A. Basic Concepts  
C. Game Theoretical Models  

IV. Game Theory Meets Vehicular Networks  

V. Game Theory in Current VNs  
A. Game Theory for Security Protection in VNs  
B. Game Theory for QoS Guarantee in VNs  
C. Game Theory for Energy Management in EV-involved VNs  

VI. Game Theory in Next-Generation VNs  
A. Game Theory in HetVNs  
B. Game Theory in VEC-enabled VNs  
C. Game Theory in UAV-assisted VNs  
D. Game Theory in SDN-based VNs  

VII. Lessons Learned  
A. Bayesian Game for Security Problems in VNs  
B. GT for QoS Problems at Different Protocol Layers in VNs  
C. Game Theory for Energy Management in EV-involved VNs  
D. GT Application in Next-generation VNs  

VIII. Open Issues and Future Directions  
A. Incomplete Information Alleviation  
B. GT for Emerging Technologies at PHY and MAC layers  
C. GT for Hybrid Routing  
D. GT for Energy Management in Green VNs  
E. GT for Cross-layer and Multi-objective Trade-off  
F. GT for Handover Management in HetVNs  
G. GT for Fair Resource Allocation in VEC-enabled VNs  
H. GT for Deep Heterogeneity  
I. GT and Machine Learning for the Sixth Generation VNs  

IX. Conclusion