1 Introduction

2 Preliminaries  
2.1 Relevant concepts and terms in deep learning  
2.2 Relevant concepts and terms in transportation  
2.3 Definition and classification of congestion  
2.4 Synergies between model-based and deep learning based traffic prediction  

3 Previous surveys and organisation of this survey

4 Deep learning for congestion detection

5 Deep learning for congestion prediction  
5.1 Deep learning for recurring congestion prediction  
5.2 Deep learning for non-recurring congestion  

6 Deep learning for congestion alleviation  
6.1 Deep learning for recurring congestion alleviation  
6.2 Deep learning for non-recurring congestion alleviation  
6.3 Potential link between non-recurring and recurring congestion alleviation  

7 Challenges and future directions  
7.1 Challenges  
7.2 Conclusions and future research directions