1 Introduction  
2 Conformal Predictors  
2.1 Definitions and Ingredients  
2.2 Procedure  
2.3 Theoretical Guarantees  
2.4 Relation to Hypothesis Testing  
2.5 Efficiency Metrics  
2.6 Pointwise Metrics  
3 Extending Conformal Prediction  
3.1 Conditional Conformal Predictors  
3.2 Beyond Exchangeability  
3.3 Conformal Risk Control  
3.4 Other CP Variants  
4 Applications in NLP  
5 Future Directions  
5.1 CP for Human-Computer Interaction  
5.2 CP for Handling Label Variation  
5.3 CP for Fairness  
5.4 CP for Dealing with Data Limitations  
5.5 CP for Uncertainty-Aware Evaluation  
5.6 Open Challenges  
6 Conclusion