I. Introduction  
II. Cough Producing Mechanism and Features  
A. Mechanism that Produces Cough  
B. Features of Cough  
C. Potential of Cough as a Diagnostic Tool  
D. AI-based Cough Diagnosis Models  
III. Cough Types Based on Duration  
A. Acute Cough  
B. Sub-acute Cough  
C. Chronic Cough  
IV. Data Acquisition for the Training of AI-based Cough Detection/Diagnosis Framework  
A. Data Collection  
B. Dataset Demographics  
C. Open Source Databases  
D. Data Collecting Devices and Sensor Placement  
E. Customized Developed Apps  
F. Data Pre-processing  
V. Detection and Diagnosis Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques  
A. Types of Features  
B. Feature Extraction  
C. Categorization of ML/DL Algorithms  
D. Performance Metrics  
VI. Detection and Diagnosis Using Non-Cough Sounds  
VII. Challenges and Future Directions  
A. Data Collection, Consistency, and Availability  
B. AI-based Modeling and Domain Knowledge  
C. Hardware and Software Resources  
D. Privacy and Security  
E. Interdisciplinary Research  
F. Further Recommendations and Discussion  
VIII. Conclusions