1. Introduction
1.1. Difference from Previous Surveys
1.2. Scope of This Survey
2. Background
2.1. Research Challenges
2.2. Progress in the Past Decades
2.3. Related Problems
2.4. Contributions of This Survey
3. Designing Effective Segmentation Networks
3.1. Designing Specialised Modules
3.2. Designing Effective Architectures
3.3. Summary
4. Segmentation under Imbalanced Condition
4.1. Multi-Network Driven Approaches
4.2. Multi-Task Driven Approaches
4.3. Customised Loss Function Driven Approaches
5. Utilising Multi Modality Information
5.1. Learning with Multiple Modalities
5.2. Dealing with Missing Modalities
6. Conclusion