A R T I C L E I N F O

A B S T R A C T

1. Introduction  
1.1. Why Privacy is Critical in B5G/6G  
1.2. Motivation  
1.3. Selection Method  
1.4. Our Contribution  

2. 6G Network  
2.1. 6G Architectures  
2.2. 6G Requirements  
2.3. Key 6G Technologies  
2.4. Visionary 6G Applications  

3. Privacy Taxonomy  
3.1. Privacy in Actions on Data  
3.2. Privacy Types for 6G  

4. 6G Privacy Challenges and Issues  
4.1. New Technology Applications with New Privacy Requirements  
4.2. Privacy Preservation Limitations for B5G/6G Control and Orchestration Layer  
4.3. Privacy Attacks on AI Models  
4.4. Privacy Issues in Edge Computing and Edge AI  
4.5. Limited Availability and Vulnerabilities of Explainable AI (XAI) Techniques  
4.6. Ambiguity in Responsibility of Data Ownership  
4.7. Data Communication Confidentiality Issues  
4.8. Private Data Access Limitations  
4.9. Lack of Understanding of Privacy Rights and Threats in General Public  

5. Privacy Solutions  
5.1. Privacy Preserving Decentralized AI  
5.2. Edge AI  
5.3. Intelligent Management with Privacy  
5.4. XAI for Privacy  
5.5. Privacy Measures for Personally Identifiable Information  
5.6. Blockchain-based Solutions  
5.7. Lightweight and Quantum Resistant Encryption Mechanisms  
5.8. Homomorphic Encryption  
5.9. Privacy-preserving Data Publishing Techniques  
5.10. Privacy by Design and Privacy by Default  
5.11. Regulation of Government, Industry, and Consumer  
5.12. Other Solutions  
5.13. Summary of Privacy Solutions  

6. 6G Privacy Projects and Standardization  
6.1. Research Projects  
6.2. Standardization Related to 6G Privacy  

7. Lessons Learned and Future Research Directions  
7.1. Privacy Taxonomy  
7.2. Privacy Issues  
7.3. Privacy Solutions  
7.4. Privacy Projects and Standardization  
7.5. Other Emerging Topics Related to 6G Privacy  

8. Conclusion