1. INTRODUCTION  
2. OBSERVATIONAL DATA  
3. MODEL DESIGN  
3.2. New Model  
4. INFERENCE WITH HMC  
4.1. Introduction to Stan  
4.2. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo  
4.3. The No-U-Turn Sampler  
5. CALIBRATION WITH MOCK DATA  
6. ANALYSIS OF H3 DATA  
7. DISCUSSION  
7.1. Results in Context  
7.2. Posterior Predictive Checks  
7.3. Impact of Substructure on Mass Estimates  
8. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS  
8.1. Summary  
8.2. Future Prospects