1. Introduction

2. Datasets and Performance Metrics  
2.1. Datasets  
2.2. Performance Metrics  

3. Methods  
3.1. Framework  
3.2. Image Encoder  
3.3. Language Encoder  
3.4. Fusion Algorithm  
3.5. Answering Component  
3.6. Other Techniques  
3.7. Performance Comparison  
3.8. Overall Discussion  

4. Medical VQA vs. General VQA  

5. Challenges and Future Works  
5.1. Question Diversity  
5.2. Integrating the Extra Medical Information  
5.3. Interpretability and Reliability  
5.4. Generalizability  
5.5. Large Language Models  
5.6. Integration in Medical Workflow  

6. Conclusion