1 INTRODUCTION

2 PRELIMINARIES  
2.1 Problem Definition  
2.2 Related Domains and Tasks  
2.3 Canonical Closed-Set Detectors and Segmentors  
2.4 Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs)  

3 ZERO-SHOT DETECTION (ZSD)  
3.1 Visual-Semantic Space Mapping  
3.2 Novel Visual Feature Synthesis  

4 ZERO-SHOT SEGMENTATION (ZSS)  
4.1 Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation (ZSSS)  
4.2 Zero-Shot Instance Segmentation (ZSIS)  

5 OPEN-VOCABULARY DETECTION (OVD)  
5.1 Region-Aware Training  
5.2 Pseudo-Labeling  
5.3 Knowledge Distillation  
5.4 Transfer Learning  

6 OPEN-VOCABULARY SEGMENTATION (OVS)  
6.1 Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation (OVSS)  
6.2 Open-Vocabulary Instance Segmentation (OVIS)  
6.3 Open-Vocabulary Panoptic Segmentation (OVPS)  

7 OPEN-VOCABULARY BEYOND IMAGES  
7.1 Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Understanding  
7.2 Open-Vocabulary Video Understanding (OVVU)  

8 CHALLENGES AND OUTLOOK  
8.1 Challenges  
8.2 Future Directions  

9 CONCLUSION