1 INTRODUCTION  
2 TAXONOMY OF LEARNING FRAMEWORKS  
2.1 Offline Learning  
2.2 Online Learning  
2.3 Continual Learning  
2.4 Meta-Learning  
2.5 Meta-Online Learning & Meta-Continual Learning  
2.6 Online Meta-Learning & Continual Meta-Learning  
2.7 Continual Bi-Level Learning  
3 PRELIMINARY  
3.1 Meta-Learning Methods  
3.2 Continual Learning Methods  
4 META-ONLINE LEARNING & META-CONTINUAL LEARNING  
5 ONLINE META-LEARNING & CONTINUAL META-LEARNING  
6 CONTINUAL BI-LEVEL LEARNING  
7 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS  
8 CHALLENGES & FUTURE DIRECTIONS  
8.1 Meta-Online Learning & Meta-Continual Learning  
8.3 Continual Bi-Level Learning  
9 CONCLUSION