1 INTRODUCTION  
2 DEEP SURVEYS  
3 DETERMINING THE CONFUSION IN A STACK  
3.1 Confused Mass in a Stack  
3.2 Spectral Profile of Confusion  
3.3 Mock Stacks  
3.4 Modelling Limitations  
4 RESULTS  
4.1 CHILES  
4.2 LADUMA  
4.3 DINGO UDEEP  
4.4 FAST  
5 DISCUSSION  
5.1 Mitigation Strategies  
6 CONCLUSIONS