1 INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION

2 BACKGROUND

2.1 Traditional Retrieval Models

2.2 Neural Ranking Models

2.3 Pretrained Language Models

2.4 Improvements to and Extensions of Pretrained Language Models

3 BERT FOR AD-HOC IR AND CHALLENGES

4 RESOURCES FOR BERT-BASED RANKING MODELS

4.1 Datasets

4.2 Resources for BERT-based Ranking Model

5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK