1 Introduction
1.1 The History of Astronomical Discovery
1.2 This paper

2 The process of astronomical discovery
2.1 Case study 1: The Hubble Space Telescope
2.2 Case Study 2: the Discovery of Pulsars
2.4 The value of Science Goals

3 Type 1 Discoveries: unexpected objects

4 Type 2 Discoveries: Unexpected Phenomena

5 Preliminary Attempts, and Future Directions

6 Conclusion