Index Terms — face anti-spoofing, presentation attack, deep learning, pixel-wise supervision, multi-modal, domain generalization.

1 INTRODUCTION

2 BACKGROUND
2.1 Face Spoofing Attacks
2.2 Datasets for Face Anti-Spoofing
2.3 Evaluation Metrics
2.4 Evaluation Protocols

3 DEEP FAS WITH COMMERCIAL RGB CAMERA
3.1 Hybrid (Handcraft + Deep Learning) Method
3.2 Traditional Deep Learning Method
3.3 Generalized Deep Learning Method

4 DEEP FAS WITH ADVANCED SENSORS
4.1 Uni-Modal Deep Learning upon Specialized Sensor
4.2 Multi-Modal Deep Learning

5 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
5.1 Architecture, Supervision, and Interpretability
5.2 Representation Learning
5.3 Real-World Open-Set FAS
5.4 Generic and Unified PA Detection
5.5 Privacy-Preserved Training

6 CONCLUSION