1 Introduction  
2 Background  
2.1 General Large Language Models  
2.2 Leveraging LLMs in Time Series Analysis  
3 Taxonomy of LLMs in Time Series Analysis  
3.1 Direct Query of LLMs  
3.2 Time Series Tokenization Design  
3.3 Prompt Design  
3.4 Fine-tuning Strategy  
3.5 Integrating LLMs in Time Series Models  
4 Applications of Time Series LLMs  
4.1 General Time Series Analysis  
4.2 Spatial-Temporal Time Series Analysis  
5 Future Research Opportunities  
6 Conclusion