1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Characterizations and Applications of Substitution
1.2 Research Value and Related Surveys
1.3 Framework for Organizing Substitute Work
2 SUBSTITUTE DEFINITION
2.1 Substitution Classification
2.2 Data Processing
2.3 Challenges and Issues
3 SUBSTITUTE REASONING
3.1 Feature Representation Method
3.2 Substitute Learning and Inference
3.3 Model Training
4 EVALUATION AND DATASETS
4.1 Available Datasets
4.2 Evaluation Criteria
4.3 Comparison of the Results
5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND PROSPECTS
5.1 Complex Substitute Relationship Modeling
5.2 Considering Temporality and Dynamics
5.3 Integration with Large Language Models
6 CONCLUSIONS