I. Introduction
II. Background
A. Blockchain
B. Bitcoin
C. Smart Contracts
D. Known Causes of Blockchain Varieties
III. Analysis Criteria
A. Common Assumptions
B. Membership Properties
C. Consensus Properties
IV. Membership Selection
A. Proof-of-Work (PoW)
B. Proof-of-Stake (PoS)
C. Clique
D. Proof-of-Capacity (PoC)
E. TEE-Based
F. Proof-of-Location
V. Consensus
A. Nakamoto’s Consensus
B. Ghost
C. BFT Protocols
VI. Structure
A. New Block Types
B. New Structures
VII. Attacks
A. Mining Power Attacks
B. Strategic Mining
C. Communication Attacks
D. Stake Attacks
E. Long Range
VIII. Discussion
A. Membership Selection and Consensus
B. Consensus Mechanism and Structure
C. Membership Selection and Structure
D. Scalability
E. Ancillary Components
F. Whitepaper Information
G. Deployment Issues
H. Future Outlook
IX. Conclusion