I. INTRODUCTION  
A. Background  
B. Contribution of this Survey  
C. Content Organization of this Survey  

II. NOTATIONS AND REVIEW OF CF  
A. Important Notations  
B. Concept Factorization  

III. SINGLE-LAYER CF-BASED METHODS  
A. Unsupervised CF Variants  
B. Supervised CF Variants  
C. Semi-supervised CF Variants  

IV. DEEP/MULTI-LAYER CF-BASED METHODS  
A. Traditional Feeding-style Deep CF Models  
B. Optimized Deep CF Models  

V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND ANALYSIS  

VI. CF-BASED APPLICATIONS  

VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS  
A. Conclusion Remarks  
B. Future Work