1 Introduction  
2 Background: Problem and Main Challenges  
3 Benchmark Datasets  
4 Fine-Grained Image Recognition  
4.1 By Localization-Classification Sub Networks  
4.2 By End-to-End Feature Encoding  
4.3 With External Information  
5 Fine-Grained Image Retrieval  
6 Fine-Grained Image Generation  
7 Domain Specific Applications Related to Fine-Grained Image Analysis  
8 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions