1. Introduction
2. Scope of This Survey
3. 3D Implicit Human Reconstruction
3.1. Pixel-aligned Implicit Function
3.2. Extraction of More Informative Image Features
3.3. Incorporation of 3D Priors
3.4. Multi-view Scenarios
4. NeRF-based 3D Human Novel View Synthesis
4.1. Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF)
4.2. NeRF-based Methods
5. 3D Gaussian-based Methods
5.1. 3D Gaussian Splatting
5.2. 3D Human Reconstruction
6. GAN-based 3D Human Generation
6.1. StyleGAN-related Techniques
6.2. 3D-GAN Approaches
6.3. 3D Human Generation
6.4. Discussion and Limitations of GAN-based Methods
7. 3D Human Generation via Large Language Models
7.1. CLIP-based 3D Human Generation
7.2. Diffusion Model-based 3D Human Generation and Editing
7.3. 3D Gaussian-based 3D Human Generation and Editing
8. Reflection
8.1. Optimization-based Methods
8.2. Feed-forward Methods