I. INTRODUCTION  
B. Related Work  
C. Paper Outline  

II. ETHEREUM REVIEW AND SURVEY METHODOLOGY  
A. A Brief Review of the Ethereum System  
B. Survey Methodology  

III. VULNERABILITIES  
A. Vulnerabilities at the Application Layer  
B. Vulnerabilities at the Data Layer  
C. Vulnerabilities at the Consensus Layer  
D. Vulnerabilities at the Network Layer  
E. Vulnerabilities in the Ethereum Environment  
F. Further Analysis of Vulnerability Causes  

IV. ATTACKS  
A. Attacks at the Application Layer  
B. Attacks at the Data Layer  
D. Attacks at the Network Layer  
E. Attacks Against the Environment  
F. Further Analysis of Attack Consequences  

V. DEFENSES  
A. Proactive Defenses  
B. Reactive Defenses  
C. Further Analysis Based on Defense Capabilities  

VI. DISCUSSION: GOING BEYOND ETHEREUM  
A. Rigorous Definition of Properties  
B. Rigorous Analysis Methodologies  
C. Metrics  

VII. CONCLUSION