I. INTRODUCTION

II. QCA BACKGROUND
A. QCA Cell
B. QCA Implementation
C. QCA Clocking
D. QCA Basic Elements
E. Fabrication
F. Tools

III. DEFECT, FAULT, FAULT MODELS AND TESTING OF QCA DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
A. Defects
B. Faults, Fault Models and Testing

IV. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION