Executive Summary  
Contents  
1 Introduction  
2 Empirical Studies of AI Deception  
2.1 Deception in Special-Use AI Systems  
2.2 Deception in General-Purpose AI Systems  
3 Risks from AI Deception  
3.1 Malicious Use  
3.2 Structural Effects  
3.3 Loss of Control Over AI Systems  
4 Possible Solutions to AI Deception  
4.1 Regulating Potentially Deceptive AI Systems  
4.2 Bot-or-Not Laws  
4.3 Detection  
4.4 Making AI Systems Less Deceptive