An issue was discovered in Bento4 v1.6.0-641-2-g1529b83. There is a heap overflow in AP4_Dec3Atom::AP4_Dec3Atom at Ap4Dec3Atom.cpp, leading to a Denial of Service (DoS), as demonstrated by mp42aac.
Dear Bento4 developers, I used AFL++ to fuzz test Bento4 and found some problems.
To debug a program built with ASan, here is some output

```
=================================================================
==1982814==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x60200000011f at pc 0x0000008aa64d bp 0x7fffba272270 sp 0x7fffba272268
READ of size 1 at 0x60200000011f thread T0
    #0 0x8aa64c in AP4_Dec3Atom::AP4_Dec3Atom(unsigned int, unsigned char const*) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Dec3Atom.cpp:161:57
    #1 0x8a1f6e in AP4_Dec3Atom::Create(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Dec3Atom.cpp:56:16
    #2 0x703433 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:769:24
    #3 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #4 0x833287 in AP4_ContainerAtom::ReadChildren(AP4_AtomFactory&, AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4ContainerAtom.cpp:194:12
    #5 0x588686 in AP4_AudioSampleEntry::AP4_AudioSampleEntry(unsigned int, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4SampleEntry.cpp:420:5
    #6 0x51763d in AP4_EncaSampleEntry::AP4_EncaSampleEntry(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Protection.cpp:74:5
    #7 0x70135f in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:298:24
    #8 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #9 0x5bbc96 in AP4_StsdAtom::AP4_StsdAtom(unsigned int, unsigned char, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4StsdAtom.cpp:101:13
    #10 0x5b5c06 in AP4_StsdAtom::Create(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4StsdAtom.cpp:57:16
    #11 0x7018e6 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:458:20
    #12 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #13 0x6f79ac in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:154:12
    #14 0x4f0896 in AP4_File::ParseStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&, bool) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:104:12
    #15 0x4f1ec4 in AP4_File::AP4_File(AP4_ByteStream&, bool) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:78:5
    #16 0x4ca35b in main /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Apps/Mp42Aac/Mp42Aac.cpp:250:22
    #17 0x7fadc2fd5082 in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-wuryBv/glibc-2.31/csu/../csu/libc-start.c:308:16
    #18 0x41eccd in _start (/home/zt/Bento4/build/mp42aac+0x41eccd)

0x60200000011f is located 0 bytes to the right of 15-byte region [0x602000000110,0x60200000011f)
allocated by thread T0 here:
    #0 0x4c6c8d in operator new[](unsigned long) (/home/zt/Bento4/build/mp42aac+0x4c6c8d)
    #1 0x4e9450 in AP4_DataBuffer::AP4_DataBuffer(unsigned int) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4DataBuffer.cpp:55:16
    #2 0x703433 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:769:24
    #3 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #4 0x833287 in AP4_ContainerAtom::ReadChildren(AP4_AtomFactory&, AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4ContainerAtom.cpp:194:12
    #5 0x588686 in AP4_AudioSampleEntry::AP4_AudioSampleEntry(unsigned int, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4SampleEntry.cpp:420:5

SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Dec3Atom.cpp:161:57 in AP4_Dec3Atom::AP4_Dec3Atom(unsigned int, unsigned char const*)
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
  0x0c047fff7fd0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7fe0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7ff0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff8000: fa fa 00 00 fa fa 00 00 fa fa 00 00 fa fa 00 00
  0x0c047fff8010: fa fa 04 fa fa fa fd fa fa fa 01 fa fa fa 00 fa
=>0x0c047fff8020: fa fa 00[07]fa fa 00 07 fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8030: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8040: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8050: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8060: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8070: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
  Addressable:           00
  Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 
  Heap left redzone:       fa
  Freed heap region:       fd
  Stack left redzone:      f1
  Stack mid redzone:       f2
  Stack right redzone:     f3
  Stack after return:      f5
  Stack use after scope:   f8
  Global redzone:          f9
  Global init order:       f6
  Poisoned by user:        f7
  Container overflow:      fc
  Array cookie:            ac
  Intra object redzone:    bb
  ASan internal:           fe
  Left alloca redzone:     ca
  Right alloca redzone:    cb
  Shadow gap:              cc
==1982814==ABORTING

```
### **Crash input:**
https://github.com/zhangteng0526/crashes/blob/main/Bento4/input1

### **Validation steps**
```
git clone https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4
cd Bento4/
mkdir check_build && cd check_build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
make -j$(nproc)
./mp42aac input1 /dev/null
```

### **环境**
```
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Bento v1.6.0-641-2-g1529b83

```

Heap-buffer-overflow with ASAN in mp42aac
This is a GitHub Issue
repo:Bento4
owner:axiomatic-systems
Title : Heap-buffer-overflow with ASAN in mp42aac
Issue date:

--- start body ---
Dear Bento4 developers, I used AFL++ to fuzz test Bento4 and found some problems.
To debug a program built with ASan, here is some output

```
=================================================================
==1982814==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x60200000011f at pc 0x0000008aa64d bp 0x7fffba272270 sp 0x7fffba272268
READ of size 1 at 0x60200000011f thread T0
    #0 0x8aa64c in AP4_Dec3Atom::AP4_Dec3Atom(unsigned int, unsigned char const*) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Dec3Atom.cpp:161:57
    #1 0x8a1f6e in AP4_Dec3Atom::Create(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Dec3Atom.cpp:56:16
    #2 0x703433 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:769:24
    #3 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #4 0x833287 in AP4_ContainerAtom::ReadChildren(AP4_AtomFactory&, AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4ContainerAtom.cpp:194:12
    #5 0x588686 in AP4_AudioSampleEntry::AP4_AudioSampleEntry(unsigned int, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4SampleEntry.cpp:420:5
    #6 0x51763d in AP4_EncaSampleEntry::AP4_EncaSampleEntry(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Protection.cpp:74:5
    #7 0x70135f in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:298:24
    #8 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #9 0x5bbc96 in AP4_StsdAtom::AP4_StsdAtom(unsigned int, unsigned char, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4StsdAtom.cpp:101:13
    #10 0x5b5c06 in AP4_StsdAtom::Create(unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4StsdAtom.cpp:57:16
    #11 0x7018e6 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:458:20
    #12 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #13 0x6f79ac in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:154:12
    #14 0x4f0896 in AP4_File::ParseStream(AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&, bool) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:104:12
    #15 0x4f1ec4 in AP4_File::AP4_File(AP4_ByteStream&, bool) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4File.cpp:78:5
    #16 0x4ca35b in main /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Apps/Mp42Aac/Mp42Aac.cpp:250:22
    #17 0x7fadc2fd5082 in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-wuryBv/glibc-2.31/csu/../csu/libc-start.c:308:16
    #18 0x41eccd in _start (/home/zt/Bento4/build/mp42aac+0x41eccd)

0x60200000011f is located 0 bytes to the right of 15-byte region [0x602000000110,0x60200000011f)
allocated by thread T0 here:
    #0 0x4c6c8d in operator new[](unsigned long) (/home/zt/Bento4/build/mp42aac+0x4c6c8d)
    #1 0x4e9450 in AP4_DataBuffer::AP4_DataBuffer(unsigned int) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4DataBuffer.cpp:55:16
    #2 0x703433 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned int, unsigned int, unsigned long long, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:769:24
    #3 0x6f99a8 in AP4_AtomFactory::CreateAtomFromStream(AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long&, AP4_Atom*&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4AtomFactory.cpp:234:14
    #4 0x833287 in AP4_ContainerAtom::ReadChildren(AP4_AtomFactory&, AP4_ByteStream&, unsigned long long) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4ContainerAtom.cpp:194:12
    #5 0x588686 in AP4_AudioSampleEntry::AP4_AudioSampleEntry(unsigned int, unsigned int, AP4_ByteStream&, AP4_AtomFactory&) /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4SampleEntry.cpp:420:5

SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow /home/zt/Bento4/Source/C++/Core/Ap4Dec3Atom.cpp:161:57 in AP4_Dec3Atom::AP4_Dec3Atom(unsigned int, unsigned char const*)
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
  0x0c047fff7fd0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7fe0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff7ff0: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  0x0c047fff8000: fa fa 00 00 fa fa 00 00 fa fa 00 00 fa fa 00 00
  0x0c047fff8010: fa fa 04 fa fa fa fd fa fa fa 01 fa fa fa 00 fa
=>0x0c047fff8020: fa fa 00[07]fa fa 00 07 fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8030: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8040: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8050: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8060: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
  0x0c047fff8070: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
  Addressable:           00
  Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 
  Heap left redzone:       fa
  Freed heap region:       fd
  Stack left redzone:      f1
  Stack mid redzone:       f2
  Stack right redzone:     f3
  Stack after return:      f5
  Stack use after scope:   f8
  Global redzone:          f9
  Global init order:       f6
  Poisoned by user:        f7
  Container overflow:      fc
  Array cookie:            ac
  Intra object redzone:    bb
  ASan internal:           fe
  Left alloca redzone:     ca
  Right alloca redzone:    cb
  Shadow gap:              cc
==1982814==ABORTING

```
### **Crash input:**
https://github.com/zhangteng0526/crashes/blob/main/Bento4/input1

### **Validation steps**
```
git clone https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4
cd Bento4/
mkdir check_build && cd check_build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang  -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
make -j$(nproc)
./mp42aac input1 /dev/null
```

### **环境**
```
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Bento v1.6.0-641-2-g1529b83

```

--- end body ---

comments :
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--- end comments ---